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Syriac · Other · mid-4th century

Nisibis 58

Ephrem the Syrian · syriac

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machine-draft · no human review 3 passages · 634 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

Nisibis 58 is a memrā (metrical homily) attributed to Ephrem the Syrian, part of the Nisibis cycle composed in the mid-4th century. The work reflects the liturgical and theological concerns of the Syriac church, focusing on typological and exegetical themes such as the crucifixion, Christ's messianic lineage, and the critique of ecclesiastical and political authorities. It survives in later manuscripts with possible scribal interpolations, and was used in East Syriac Lenten liturgies. The edition lacks a critical apparatus, limiting certainty about the original form.

This memrā exemplifies Ephrem's typological and poetic theology, influencing later Syriac liturgical and ascetic traditions. Its critique of authority and use of alphabetic acrostics mark it as a key work in the development of Syriac hymnody and exegesis, linking biblical typology to contemporary ecclesiastical concerns.

Historical context

The Nisibis cycle, including memrā 58, is traditionally dated to the 360s CE, during Ephrem's residence in Nisibis before its cession to the Sasanian Empire in 363. The city was a major center of Syriac Christianity, and Ephrem served as a deacon and teacher. The work was composed in Syriac, a dialect of Aramaic, for a community shaped by Persian and Roman influences. The memrā genre, a metrical homily, was used for liturgical instruction and theological reflection. The text survives in later manuscripts, with the edition relying on a single witness, raising questions about scribal additions. It was transmitted within East Syriac traditions, particularly for Lent, and cited by later authors as a model of poetic theology.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

17 commentary units 3 term3 scripture2 background2 structure2 parallel2 sense2 caution1 reception 0 derived notes 7 open questions 3 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: other in classical Syriac; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 3 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: syriac — CC BY 4.0

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
dsc-312:1 · narrativehigh
Source
ܙ ܒܰܪ ܩܳܠܶܗ ܗܳܐ ܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܩܰܕܶܡ ܒܟܰܪ ܕܰܢܒܰܙܰܚ ܒܶܗ ܒܣܳܛܳܢܳܐ ܕܰܥܬܺܝܕ ܕܰܢܗܶܐ ܒܶܙܚܳܐ ܠܚܰܪܬܳܐ ܥܽܘܢܺܝܬܳܐ: ܠܳܟ ܫܽܘܒܚܳܐ ܕܒܰܙܩܺܝܦܽܘܬܳܟ ܠܒܺܝܫܳܐ ܙܟܰܝܬܳܝܗ̱ܝ ܀܀܀ ܘܰܒܢܽܘܚܳܡܳܟ ܫܩܰܠܬ ܙܳܟܽܘܬܳܐ ܘܳܐܦ ܥܰܠ ܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܘܰܚܠܳܦ ܡܳܪܰܢ ܐܶܡܰܪ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܟܰܕ ܠܳܐܶܛ ܠܶܗ ܠܗܰܘ ܕܰܗܘܳܐ ܥܶܠܰܬ ܨܰܥܪܶܗ ܘܰܙܩܺܝܦܽܘܬܶܗ ܐ̱ܕܽܘܓܳܐ ܢܗܶܐ ܠܳܟ ܩܰܒܪܳܐ ܐܳܘ ܣܳܛܳܢܳܐ ܕܓܰܕܶܦܬ ܥܰܠ ܩܳܠܳܐ ܩܒܺܝܪܳܐ ܕܨܳܪܝ̱ ܩܰܒܪ̈ܶܐ ܠܡܳܪܝ̱ ܝܳܕܰܥ ܐ̱ܢܳܐ ܘܰܠܒܰܪ ܡܳܪܝ̱ ܐܳܘ ܣܳܛܳܢܳܐ ܟܶܦܪܶܬ ܒܡܳܪܳܟ ܘܙܰܩܶܦܬܳܝܗ̱ܝ ܠܒܰܪ ܡܳܪܳܟ ܗܳܢܰܘ ܫܡܳܐ ܝܳܐܶܐ ܠܳܟ ܩܳܛܶܠ ܡܳܪܶܗ ܕܩܰܛܠܬܳܝܗ̱ܝ ܒܓܶܠܝܳܢܶܗ ܗܰܘ ܩܛܰܠ ܠܳܟ ܥܠܰܝܟ ܢܢܺܝܕ ܟܽܠܢܳܫ ܪܺܝܫܶܗ ܕܒܳܟ ܪ̈ܺܝܫܳܢܶܐ ܪ̈ܺܝܫܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܐܢܺܝܕܘ̱ ܥܰܠ ܗܰܘ ܡܳܪܳܐ ܕܚ̈ܰܝܶܐ ܩܰܢܝܳܐ ܪܥܺܝܥܳܐ ܬܚܶܝܬ ܪ̈ܶܓܠܶܐ ܕܟܺܐܢ̈ܶܐ ܬܶܗܘܶܐ ܕܒܳܟ ܐܰܘܚܶܕܘ̱ ܩܰܢܝܳܐ ܒܺܐܝܕܶܗ ܕܰܣܡܳܟ ܟܽܘܠܳܐ ܒܟܠܺܝܠ ܟܽܘܒ̈ܶܐ ܐܶܬܟܰܠܰܠ ܐܰܝܟ ܕܰܢܒܰܕܶܩ ܕܬܳܓܳܐ ܕܡܰܠܟܽܘܬܳܐ ܫܰܩܠܶܗ ܡܶܢ ܒܶܝܬ ܕܰܘܺܝܕ ܒܰܟܠܺܝܠ ܟܽܘ̈ܒܶܐ ܐܶܬܟܰܠܰܠ ܡܰܠܟܳܐ ܕܡ̈ܰܠܟܶܐ ܘܰܕܨܰܥܪܽܘܗ̱ܝ ܫܰܩܠܶܗ ܬܳܓܳܐ ܡܶܢ ܡ̈ܰܠܟܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܒܢܰܚ̈ܬܰܝ ܒܶܙܚܳܐ ܕܝܰܗ̱ܒܘ̱ ܠܶܗ ܒܗܽܘܢ ܒܰܙܰܚ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܕܫܰܩܠܶܗ ܠܰܠܒܽܘܫ ܬܶܫܒܽܘܚܬܳܐ ܕܟܽܘܡܪ̈ܶܐ ܘܡ̈ܰܠܟܶܐ ܀܀܀
English
Z. His voice. Behold, Death has struck the ram that mocked him, with the rod that is destined to mock him in the end. O crooked one, glory to your crucifixion, for you have conquered the evil one. And by your command you have taken victory, even over Death. And instead of "my Lord," he said, when he cursed him, to the one who was the cause of his shame and his crucifixion. Is a grave or a rod fitting for you, who blasphemed against the buried voice of my city's graves? To my Lord, the knower, or to the son of my Lord, or a rod? You denied your Lord and crucified the son of your Lord. That name is fitting for you: "killer of his Lord," for you killed him in his revelation; he who killed you. Upon you is the hand of every man, his head, which is in you, the heads of the nations. The heads of your people are in the hand of that Lord of life. The staff, shattered, shall be under the feet of the righteous, for in you they have held the staff in the hand of the one who supports the whole. With a crown of thorns he was crowned, as was fitting, so that the crown of the kingdom might take it from the house of David. With a crown of thorns the King of kings was crowned, and from his shame he took the crown from their kings. With the mockery they gave him, he mocked them, so that he might take the garment of praise from priests and kings.
dsc-312:2 · narrativemedium
Source
ܠܚܶܠܳܐ ܡܰܚܶܝܢ ܕܽܘܟܪܳܢܳܟ ܐܳܘ ܣܳܛܳܢܳܐ ܕܰܚܠܶܐ ܩܶܪܒܰܬ ܠܨܰܗܝܶܗ ܕܡܰܒܽܘܥ ܚ̈ܰܝܶܐ ܐܺܝܕܳܐ ܥܠܰܝܟ ܢܪܺܝܡ ܟܽܠܢܳܫ ܕܐܺܝܕܳܐ ܚܺܝܠܰܬ ܕܰܡܚܳܬܶܗ ܠܗܰܘ ܕܒܺܐܝܕܶܗ ܩܳܡ ܒܶܪ̈ܝܳܬܳܐ ܒܠܰܥ ܒܺܐܝܕܳܐ ܘܦܰܣܩܳܗ̇ ܠܺܐܝܕܳܐ ܡܶܢ ܩܰܝܳܦܳܐ ܐܺܝܕܳܐ ܕܟܳܗܢܽܘܬܳܐ ܦܶܣܩܰܬ ܕܰܦܣܰܩ ܡܶܫܚܳܐ ܥܰܠ ܥܳܡܽܘܕܳܐ ܬܽܘܒ ܡܰܬܚܽܘܗ̱ܝ ܐܰܝܟ ܕܰܠܢ̱ܓܰܕܳܐ ܠܗܰܘ ܕܶܐܙܰܠ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܥܳܡܽܘܕܶܗ ܩܕܳܡ ܫܰܒ̈ܛܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܥܰܡܽܘܕܳܐ ܥܰܠ ܥܰܡܽܘܕܳܐ ܡܶܬܢܰܓܰܕ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܫܩܼܰܠ ܢܰܦܫܶܗ ܡܶܢ ܓܰܘ ܨܶܗܝܽܘܢ ܘܶܐܬܳܬ ܢܶܦܠܰܬ ܕܰܬܪ̈ܶܝܢ ܩܰܝ̈ܣܺܝܢ ܪܰܟܶܒܘ̱ ܠܶܗ ܐܰܝܟ ܠܰܨܠܺܝܒܳܐ ܬܒܰܪ ܐܶܢܽܘܢ ܠܰܬܪ̈ܶܝܢ ܚܽܘܛܪ̈ܺܝܢ ܢܳܛܽܘܪ̈ܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܪܰܟܶܒ ܚܰܙܩܺܝܐܶܝܠ ܩܰܝ̈ܣܶܐ ܬܪ̈ܶܝܢ ܒܰܐܘܝܽܘܬܳܐ ܒܰܬܪ̈ܶܝܢ ܩܰܝ̈ܣܺܝܢ ܕܰܨܠܺܝܒܳܐ ܒܰܛܶܠܘ̱ ܚܽܘܛܪ̈ܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܬܪ̈ܶܝܢ ܩܰܝ̈ܣܺܝܢ ܒܐ̱ܪܳܙܳܐ ܕܓܶܦ̈ܶܐ ܠܥܰܡܳܐ ܛܰܥܢܽܘܗ̱ܝ ܬܪ̈ܶܝܢ ܚܽܘܛܪ̈ܰܘܗ̱ܝ ܗܳܐ ܐܶܬܬܰܒܰܪܘ̱ ܒܰܕܡܽܘܬ ܓܶܦܰܘ̈ܗ̱ܝ ܟܶܢܦܽܘ̈ܗ̱ܝ ܘܓܶܦܰܘ̈ܗ̱ܝ ܕܰܨܠܺܝܒܳܐ ܦܫܰܛ ܒܰܚܢܳܢܳܐ ܪܟܶܢܘ̱ ܐܶܒܪ̈ܰܘܗ̱ܝ ܘܰܛܥܶܢܘ̱ ܥܰܡ̈ܡܶܐ ܕܢܺܐܙܰܠ ܠܰܥܕܶܢ ܀܀܀
English
Behold, Death has struck the ram that mocked him, with the rod that is destined to mock him in the end. O crooked one, glory to your crucifixion, for you have conquered the evil one. And by your command you make the sign of your victory live, O Satan, who trembled at the thirst of the spring of life. A hand was raised against you, a club of a hand that is strong, whose blow struck the one who stood by his hand over the creatures. He swallowed the hand and cut off the hand from the stone. The hand of the priesthood cut off what cut off the oil. Upon the pillar again he set him, as if for a trophy, for the one whose pillar had gone before his scepters. Pillar upon pillar was being erected. He took himself from within their thirst, and a fall came. Two pieces of wood they mounted him on, as on a cross. He broke the arms of the two rods of their axes. Hezekiel mounted two pieces of wood in likeness. With the two pieces of wood of the cross they mocked the rods of their axes. Two pieces of wood in the mystery of the wings for the people they carried him. His two rods, behold, they were broken in the likeness of his wings. His shoulders and his wings of the cross he spread in supplication. His arms mounted and carried away the peoples who had gone to perdition.
dsc-312:3 · narrativemedium
Source
ܕܰܐܚܝܳܢܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܕܰܐܝܠܶܝܢ ܚ̈ܰܝܶܐ ܘܨܶܝܕ ܒܰܪ ܛܽܘܗܡܶܗ ܡܰܘܒܶܠ ܪ̈ܰܚܡܰܘܗ̱ܝ ܕܥܰܠ ܣܰܘ̈ܟܰܘܗ̱ܝ ܦܺܐܪ̈ܰܘܗ̱ܝ ܢܶܪܥܽܘܢ ܙܶܠܝ̱ ܐܶܠܺܝ ܘܒܶܟܝ̱ ܒܺܝܫܳܐ ܥܠܰܝ ܘܰܥܠܰܝܟܽܘܢ ܕܚܰܕ ܡܶܢܰܢ ܠܳܐ ܥܳܐܶܠ ܠܳܗ̇ ܠܰܓܢܰܬ ܚ̈ܰܝܶܐ ܗܳܫܳܐ ܕܰܐܘܕܺܝܬ ܐܳܘ ܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܬܳܐ ܐܺܡܰܪ ܠܳܟ ܕܗܳܢܳܐ ܟܽܠܶܗ ܬܽܘܪܓܳܡܳܐ ܠܺܝ ܒܰܛܠܳܢܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܐܶܙܰܠ ܐܰܕܺܝܩ ܥܰܠ ܦܰܚ̈ܶܐ ܗܶܢܽܘܢ ܕܨܰܠܺܝܬ ܘܳܐܦ ܐܰܢ̱ܬ ܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܦܪܰܚ ܘܰܣܥܽܘܪ ܟܽܠ ܕܰܟܪ̈ܺܝܗܺܝܢ ܡܳܪܰܢ ܒܰܛܶܠ ܠܰܬܪ̈ܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܒܰܬܪ̈ܶܝܢ ܓܰܒ̈ܺܝܢ ܒܺܝܫܳܐ ܢܶܬܒܰܛܰܠ ܗܳܪܟܳܐ ܘܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܬܰܡܳܢ
English
of the cross over the living, and he hunts the one of his kind. He brings his mercies, which upon his branches are his fruits, and he uproots. Go, El, and weep, O evil one, over me and over you, that not one moment enters the gate of life. Now that you have confessed, O Death, come, let me say to you: this entire interpretation is for me a mockery. Go, I will break the snares in which you have crucified, and you too, Death, fly and scatter all your memories. The Lord has made void both of you through two chosen ones. The evil one is abolished here, and Death is there.
Citation. Tergwame, “Nisibis 58”, dsc-312:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/dsc-312#s1
Colophon. Source: syriac · licence: CC BY 4.0 · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0027 · generated 2026-11-15.