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Syriac · Other · mid-4th century

Nisibis 57

Ephrem the Syrian · syriac

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machine-draft · no human review 3 passages · 758 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

Nisibis 57 is a memrā in isosyllabic couplets attributed to Ephrem the Syrian, part of the five-cycle Nisibene madrāšê. Composed during or shortly after the Persian siege of Nisibis in 350 CE, the work employs dense symbolic typology—especially the imagery of the 'pearl' and 'mirror'—to articulate Christological paradox. The sole surviving manuscript (6th–7th c.) shows scribal haplography and a lacuna of about four lines, making the original metrical pattern not fully recoverable. The Syriac original lacks an explicit nativity setting, though it was excerpted in the Greek Ephremic corpus and used in Byzantine hymnography for the Feast of the Nativity. The polemical subtext against Bardaiṣan and Mani requires supplementary guidance for readers unfamiliar with 4th-century Syriac heresiology.

Nisibis 57 is significant for its dense symbolic typology and Christological paradox, reflecting Ephrem's poetic and theological sophistication. It also preserves a polemical subtext against Bardaiṣan and Mani, offering insight into 4th-century Syriac heresiology. Its later use in Byzantine hymnography demonstrates the cross-cultural influence of Ephrem's work.

Historical context

The work belongs to the Nisibene madrāšê, a five-cycle collection composed by Ephrem the Syrian (c. 306–373 CE) in Nisibis (modern Nusaybin, Turkey) during or shortly after the Persian siege of 350 CE. The community was Syriac-speaking and deeply engaged in Christological and heresiological debates, particularly against Bardaiṣan and Mani. The genre is a memrā in isosyllabic couplets, typical of Ephrem's madrāšê. The sole surviving manuscript (6th–7th c.) is in Syriac, with occasional scribal haplography and one lacuna of about four lines. The work was later excerpted in the Greek Ephremic corpus (Ps.-Ephrem) and used in Byzantine hymnography for the Feast of the Nativity, though the Syriac original shows no explicit nativity setting. The transmission is thus complex, with the Greek tradition adapting the text for liturgical use.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

18 commentary units 12 scripture3 background2 term1 sense 0 derived notes 6 open questions 3 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: other in classical Syriac; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 3 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: syriac — CC BY 4.0

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
dsc-311:1 · narrativemedium
Source
ܘܡܶܢܶܗ ܒܰܪ ܩܳܠܶܗ ܨܽܘܬܘ̱ ܐܰܚ̈ܰܝ ܟܰܕ ܡܰܗܠ ܒܶܗ ܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܒܒܺܝܫܳܐ ܥܰܠ ܕܰܐܚܛܺܝ ܠܗܰܘ ܪܺܝܫ ܛܽܘܗܡܰܢ ܘܰܠܝܳܠܶܕܬܶܗ ܥܽܘܢܺܝܬܳܐ: ܠܳܟ ܫܽܘܒܚܳܐ ܕܰܒܡܽܘܟܳܟܳܟ ܚܳܒ ܣܳܛܳܢܳܐ ܘܠܳܐܕܳܡ ܕܶܐܫܬܰܦܰܠ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܪܰܡܪܶܡ ܫܰܦܠܳܟ ܢܶܚܙܽܘܢ ܦܽܘܪܣܝܳܟ ܪܰܒܳܐ ܝܰܠܕ̈ܰܘܗ̱ܝ ܕܳܐܕܳܡ ܐܰܝܟ ܕܰܐܗܠܶܬ ܒܦܽܘܪܣܳܝܶܗ ܟܰܕ ܐܰܚܛܺܝܬܳܝܗ̱ܝ ܬܶܫܒܽܘܩ ܚܰܘܳܐ ܠܗܰܘ ܚܶܘܝܳܐ ܘܒܳܟ ܬܶܬܓܪܶܐ ܕܰܐܢ̱ܬ ܗ̱ܽܘ ܢܟܰܠܬܳܗ̇ ܠܫܰܒܪܽܘܬܳܐ ܐܰܘ ܬܰܢܺܝܢܳܐ ܢܶܚܙܶܝܘܗ̱ܝ ܗܳܒܶܝܠ ܠܩܰܐܺܝܢ ܕܰܥܠܰܝܟ ܐܶܬܳܐ ܒܪܰܒܳܐ ܟܦܺܝܪܳܐ ܡܶܬܥܰܕܰܠ ܬܰܠܡܺܝܕ ܪܽܘܓܙܳܐ ܢܽܘܚ ܕܰܙܟܳܐ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܠܡܳܡܽܘܠܳܐ ܐܰܝܟ ܕܰܠܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܒܦܽܘܡܶܗ ܕܚܳܡ ܓܶܚܟܰܬ ܥܠܰܘܗ̱ܝ ܕܰܙܟܳܝܗ̱ܝ ܚܰܡܪܳܐ ܠܰܘ ܢܽܘܚ ܐܶܣܬܓܶܦ ܐܶܠܳܐ ܡܳܐܢܳܟ ܕܺܝܠܳܟ ܠܒܶܫ ܠܰܘ̈ܛܳܬܳܐ ܕܰܠܒܶܫܬܳܝܗ̱ܝ ܘܰܗܘܳܐ ܥܰܒܕܳܐ ܠܽܘܛ ܕܰܙܟܳܐ ܪܽܘܓܙܳܐ ܕܺܐܝܬܰܘܗ̱ܝ ܛܽܘܦܣܳܟ ܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܠܰܒܢ̈ܳܬܶܗ ܡܶܠܟܰܬ ܡ̈ܰܠܟܶܐ ܕܰܫܦܰܪܘ̱ ܗ̱ܘܰܘ ܠܺܝ ܘܰܐܢ̱ܬܰܬ ܠܽܘܛ ܫܶܡܥܰܬ ܡܶܠܟܳܟ ܕܡܳܐܢܳܟ ܗܘܳܬ ܦܶܠܓܳܟ ܢܺܐܒܰܫ ܕܺܝܒܶܫ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܟܽܠܶܗ ܡܳܐܢܳܟ ܗܘܳܬ ܡܶܬܗܰܦܟܳܐ ܓܺܗܰܢܳܐ ܠܥܶܠ ܡܶܢ ܪܺܝܫܳܟ ܕܪܽܘܫܥܳܟ ܗ̱ܽܘ ܗܰܦܟܳܗ̇ ܠܣܳܕܽܘܡ ܥܰܠ ܝܰܬܒܶܝ̈ܗ̇ ܓܰܠܠܰܝ̈ ܢܽܘܪܳܐ ܒܢܽܘܚܳܡܳܐ ܢܶܬܰܓܪܽܘܢ ܒܳܟ ܕܰܒܡܽܘܫܶܐ ܘܒܶܐܠܺܝܳܐ ܥܰܡܳܐ ܓܶܪܝܰܬ ܢܰܗܠܽܘܢ ܒܳܟ ܟܺܐܢ̈ܶܐ ܒܚܰܪܬܳܐ ܘܢܶܚܕܶܐ ܝܰܘܣܶܦ ܗܰܘ ܕܰܐܚ̈ܰܘܗ̱ܝ ܐܰܗܶܠܘ̱ ܗ̱ܘܰܘ ܒܶܗ ܕܫܶܓܫܰܬ ܐܶܢܽܘܢ ܥܶܛܪܳܐ ܕܬܶܢܳܢܳܐ ܢܶܥܽܘܠ ܢܶܚܢܽܘܩ ܪ̈ܶܓܫܰܝܟ ܐܰܝܟ ܕܚܰܢܶܩܘ̱ ܡܰܝ̈ܳܐ ܕܝܰܡܳܐ ܪ̈ܶܓܫܰܝ ܥܰܘ̈ܳܠܶܐ ܢܰܗܠܰܢ ܒܳܟ ܐܳܦ ܢܰܟ̈ܦܳܬܳܐ ܕܰܒܝܰܕ ܡܶܠܟܳܟ ܒ̈ܢܳܬ ܡܳܕܶܝܢ ܐܰܗܶܠ ܗܘܰܝ ܒܶܗ ܒܥܰܡܳܐ ܣܰܟܠܳܐ
English
From the depth of his voice, Hearken, my brothers, while death cries out in him evilly Against the one who caused that head of the race to sin, and against his mother The serpent: To you is praise, that through your lowliness you bind the Tempter, And Adam, who was humbled, exalts your lowliness. Behold the great dispersion of your offspring, the children of Adam, As you delighted in their dispersion when you made them sin. Eve will leave the serpent for that one, and in you she will be provoked, That you are either the bride of childhood or of error. Behold Cain, to whom Abel came against you, A great lion, a fierce one, who is trained as a disciple of wrath. Noah, who conquered the flood as if it were death, Through the mouth of Ham, laughter came upon him who conquered his wine. Not Noah was defiled, but your water, He put on the curses that his garment put on, and became a servant. Curse Noah, whose wrath is a type of your death. To his daughters, the queen of kings who were fair to me, And you came, curse; you heard your king, that your water was. Your half was dry, which was dry, all your water. Gehenna was turning above your head, That your evil turned Sodom upon its inhabitants. The rollers of stone in Noah’s flood will be provoked in you, That with Moses and Elijah the people were driven. They will be perplexed in you, the mourners at the end, and Joseph will rejoice, He whose brothers were perplexed by him when the assembly was disturbed. The crown of the sign will enter, embrace your feelings, As the waters of the sea embraced the feelings of the wicked. It will also suckle in you the palms that are in the hand of your king. The daughters of Media were perplexed by him in the foolish people.
dsc-311:2 · narrativemedium
Source
ܓܰܘܙܰܠܬܳܐ ܒܪܺܝܫܳܟ ܬܶܣܰܦ ܡܶܛܽܘܠ ܫܶܡܫܽܘܢ ܕܰܒܐܰܢ̱ܬܬܳܐ ܓܪܰܥܬܳܝܗ̱ܝ ܣܰܥܪܶܗ ܕܰܐܪܝܳܐ ܕܚܺܝܠܳܐ ܫܳܐܽܘܠ ܕܰܙܟܺܝܬ ܒܰܚܣܳܡܳܐ ܒܩܰܨܡܳܐ ܚܰܣܢܳܟ ܕܫܰܐܶܠ ܘܰܐܣܶܩ ܠܰܫܡܽܘܐܶܝܠ ܡܶܢ ܓܰܘ ܩܰܒܪܶܗ ܠܳܐ ܬܨܰܥܰܪ ܡܺܝܬܳܐ ܚܰܝܳܐ ܠܳܐ ܓܶܝܪ ܣܠܶܩ ܐܰܢ̱ܬ ܗ̱ܽܘ ܣܠܶܩܬ ܒܙܳܟܽܘܪܳܐ ܫܰܘܺܝܬ ܗܽܘ ܓܶܝܪ ܥܰܠ ܓܰܘܙܰܠܬܳܐ ܦܽܘܩܕܳܢܳܐ ܢܶܬܠܝܳܟ ܒܺܝܫܳܐ ܕܒܳܟ ܗ̱ܽܘ ܬܰܠܐܽܘܗ̱ܝ ܥܰܠ ܩܰܝܣܳܐ ܠܰܐܒܫܽܘܠܳܡ ܒܢܽܘܪܳܐ ܬܶܚܙܶܐ ܡܽܘܟܳܟܳܟ ܒܶܝܬ ܛܰܡ̈ܐܳܬܳܐ ܕܰܫܠܶܝܡܽܘܢ ܒܳܟ ܐܶܫܬܰܦܰܠ ܒܶܝܬ ܚ̈ܰܢܦܳܬܳܐ ܬܶܬܠܰܚܰܡ ܠܳܟ ܟܺܐܢܽܘܬܳܐ ܐܰܝܟ ܕܰܫܓܰܪܬܳܗ̇ ܠܺܐܝܙܒܶܠ ܕܶܐܟܠܰܬ ܠܰܢܒܺܝ̈ܶܐ ܐܰܢ̱ܬ ܐܰܣܶܦܬܳܗ̇ ܒܢܽܘܪܳܐ ܬܺܐܩܰܕ ܟܺܐܢܳܐܺܝܬ ܕܰܐܪܘܝܰܬ ܐܶܢܽܘܢ ܠܰܬܪ̈ܶܝܢ ܕܰܐܘܩܶܕ ܐܶܠܺܝܳܐ ܕܓܰܙܶܡܘ̱ ܘܰܣܠܶܩܘ̱ ܥܠܰܝܟ ܐܳܦ ܓܽܘܡܪ̈ܶܐ ܢܶܬܟܰܫܺܝܢ ܢܶܚܙܶܐ ܘܢܶܚܕܶܐ ܗܰܘ ܢܒܽܘܬ ܕܰܟܫܺܝܬ ܥܠܰܘܗ̱ܝ ܝܰܓܪܳܐ ܕܟܺܐܦ̈ܶܐ ܬܰܠܒܶܫ ܒܶܙܚܳܐ ܒܝܽܘܡ ܕܺܝܢܳܐ ܩܕܳܡ ܚ̈ܰܙܳܝܶܐ ܕܰܐܠܒܶܫܬܳܝܗ̱ܝ ܓܰܪܒܳܐ ܠܶܓܚܙܺܝ ܒܓܰܢܳܒܽܘܬܳܟ ܒܒܰܪܩܳܐ ܚܠܳܦ ܓܶܐܪܳܐ ܬܶܒܠܰܥ ܐܳܘ ܣܳܛܳܢܳܐ ܕܒܰܠܒܶܗ ܕܗܰܘ ܝܽܘܫܳܝܳܐ ܓܺܐܪ̈ܶܐ ܩܰܒܥܰܬ ܒܬܰܛܪܳܗ̇ ܕܓܺܗܰܢܳܐ ܬܶܛܒܰܥ ܐܳܘ ܣܳܛܳܢܳܐ ܕܒܰܣܝܳܢܶܗ ܕܓܽܘܒܳܐ ܛܰܒܰܥܬ ܠܗܰܘ ܐܶܪܰܡܝܳܐ ܣܠܶܩ ܕܳܢܺܝܐܶܝܠ ܡܶܢ ܓܽܘܒܳܐ ܕܒܶܗ ܐܰܪܡܺܝܬܳܝܗ̱ܝ ܢܶܬܒܰܝܰܐ ܕܒܐܕܽܘܓܳܐ ܠܥܳܠܰܡ ܢܶܚܙܶܝܟ ܀܀܀
English
The thief on your head will be shamed because of the sun of justice, For with a woman he plucked out the hair of the lion of strength. O Sheol, who conquered by famine, by the sword your disgrace, Who asked and brought up Samuel from his grave. Do not trouble the dead, for the living did not ascend; It was you who ascended in victory, for you made equal The one who, on the thief, the commandment, your evil hanging, For on you he hung him on the wood to Absalom. In the pit you will see your shame among the defilements, For they were perfected in you; he was humbled among the impieties. Grief will contend for you, as you stirred it up For Jezebel, who ate the prophets; you gathered her. In the pit you will burn like fire, for you delighted the eyes Of the two whom Elijah burned, who were shaved and ascended. Upon you also coals will be heaped; see and rejoice, That one whom you served, over whom you cast the weight of stones. You will put on laughter on the day of judgment before the spectators, For you clothed Gehazi with leprosy through your cunning. With lightning instead of a sword you will swallow, or Satan, For in the heart of that Joshua you fixed swords. In the pit of Gehenna you will be stamped, or Satan, For in the pit of the pit you stamped that Jeremiah. Daniel ascended from the pit in which you cast him; It will be shown that in the arena forever you will see you.
dsc-311:3 · narrativemedium
Source
ܢܶܗܦܽܘܟ ܥܰܘܠܳܟ ܥܰܠ ܪܺܝܫܳܟ ܣܢܳܐ ܐ̱ܢܳܫܳܐ ܐܰܝܟ ܕܰܗܦܰܟ ܥܰܘܠܶܗ ܒܪܺܝܫܶܗ ܕܗܳܡܳܢ ܚܰܒܪܳܟ ܟܰܠܰܬ ܡܰܠܟܳܐ ܬܒܰܙܰܚ ܒܳܟ ܒܰܕܡܽܘܬ ܐܶܣܬܺܝܪ ܬܶܒܥܶܐ ܡܶܢܳܗ̇ ܒܝܽܘܡ ܕܺܝܢܳܐ ܕܰܬܦܺܝܣ ܥܠܰܝܟ ܫܪܳܬ ܗܘܳܬ ܢܽܘܪܳܐ ܠܙܰܕܺܝ̈ܩܶܐ ܗܳܢܽܘܢ ܕܦܶܟܪܰܬ ܦܟܳܪܳܐ ܪܰܒܳܐ ܢܶܗܘܶܐ ܠܳܟ ܕܶܠܩܳܐ ܕܢܽܘܪܳܐ ܬܶܬܒܰܣܒܰܣ ܘܰܐܚ̈ܶܐ ܫܰܒܥܳܐ ܢܶܚܙܽܘܢ ܫܶܦܠܳܟ ܒܶܢܝ̈ܳܗ̇ ܕܰܫܡܽܘܢܺܝ ܡܶܢ ܕܺܐܒܰܝ̈ܟ ܐܶܬܒܰܣܒܰܣܘ̱ ܗ̱ܘܰܘ ܬܒܰܙܰܚ ܢܽܘܪܳܐ ܒܩܰܪܩܰܦܬܳܟ ܐܰܝܟ ܕܶܐܫܬܰܥܺܝܬ ܒܰܬܪ̈ܶܝܢ ܪ̈ܺܝܫܰܝܢ ܕܰܢܙܺܝܪ̈ܶܐ ܒܢ̈ܰܝ ܥܰܩܪ̈ܳܬܳܐ ܬܶܫܬܥܶܐ ܢܽܘܪܳܐ ܒܪܺܝܫܳܟ ܕܶܐܡܳܐ ܘܒܰܪܬܳܗ̇ ܒܪܺܝܫܶܗ ܕܝܽܘܚܰܢܳܢ ܒܰܙܰܚ ܕܶܐܫܬܰܢܝܰܬ ܐܶܢܶܝܢ ܫܰܠܗܶܒܺܝܬܳܐ ܬܒܰܙܰܚ ܒܶܗ ܒܪܺܝܫܳܟ ܒܺܝܫܳܐ ܕܥܰܠ ܦܺܝܢܟܳܐ ܒܪܺܝܫܶܗ ܒܰܙܚܰܬ ܕܝܽܘܚܰܢܳܢ
English
Your iniquity will be overturned upon your head, a shameful thing, as the iniquity of Haman was overturned upon his head. The bride of the king will mock you in the likeness of Esther. She will seek from you on the day of judgment that which is fitting for you. The rock became a dwelling for the righteous, the pit of the furnace. A great furnace will be for you, the valley of the rock. You will be shattered, and the seven brothers will see your lowliness. The sons of Shmuni, from your wolves, were shattered. The rock will mock your skull, as it was recounted. By the two heads of the mighty ones, with the stones of the foundations, the rock will be recounted upon your head, of the mother and her daughter. Upon the head of John, he mocked, as was recounted by the finger. The flame will mock you upon your evil head, for upon the finger, upon his head, John mocked.
Citation. Tergwame, “Nisibis 57”, dsc-311:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/dsc-311#s1
Colophon. Source: syriac · licence: CC BY 4.0 · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0026 · generated 2026-11-15.