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Syriac · Other · mid-4th century

Nisibis 55

Ephrem the Syrian · syriac

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machine-draft · no human review 3 passages · 744 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

Nisibis 55 is a madrāšâ (teaching hymn) by Ephrem the Syrian, composed in strophic verse for catechetical and liturgical use. The poem develops typological and moral arguments through symbolic imagery, likely addressing the Persian sieges of Nisibis (350–363). It belongs to the Nisibene cycle and survives in Syriac manuscripts from the 6th century onward. The work is still chanted in East Syriac communities during the Fast of Nineveh and the Feast of the Martyrs. This edition follows the 1957 CSCO edition by Edmund Beck, without a critical apparatus for manuscript variants.

Nisibis 55 exemplifies Ephrem’s poetic theology, using symbolic imagery to address suffering and eschatology. It is part of the Nisibene cycle, a key source for understanding 4th-century Syriac Christianity and its response to persecution. The hymn’s continued liturgical use demonstrates its enduring importance in East Syriac tradition.

Historical context

Ephrem the Syrian (c. 306–373 CE) composed the Nisibene madrāšê in Syriac, likely during or shortly after the Persian sieges of Nisibis (350–363). The city, a Roman frontier stronghold, endured repeated attacks by the Sasanian Empire; Ephrem’s hymns reflect the community’s trauma and theological response. The madrāšâ genre, a strophic hymn with refrains, was used in liturgical and catechetical settings. The text survives in multiple Syriac manuscripts, the earliest from the 6th century, with strophic divisions and refrains varying across witnesses. The Nisibene cycle was later incorporated into the East Syriac liturgical calendar, particularly for the Fast of Nineveh and the Feast of the Martyrs, where it continues to be chanted. The present edition relies on Edmund Beck’s 1957 CSCO edition, which does not provide a critical apparatus for manuscript variants.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

17 commentary units 3 term3 scripture3 structure3 caution2 background2 parallel1 sense 0 derived notes 8 open questions 3 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: other in classical Syriac; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 3 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: syriac — CC BY 4.0

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
dsc-309:1 · narrativemedium
Source
ܕ ܒܰܪ ܩܳܠܶܗ ܒܺܝܫܳܐ ܠܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܗܳܐ ܡܨܰܥܰܪ ܘܳܐܦ ܡܶܨܛܰܥܰܪ ܡܶܢܗܽܘܢ ܘܰܒܗܽܘܢ ܐܳܦ ܠܗܽܘܢ ܩܽܘܠܩܳܠܰܝ̈ܗܽܘܢ ܥܽܘܢܺܝܬܳܐ : ܠܳܟ ܫܽܘܒܚܳܐ ܒܰܪ ܡܳܪܶܐ ܟܽܠ ܕܡܺܝܬ ܡܶܛܽܠ ܟܽܠ ܘܶܐܬܢܰܚܰܡ ܕܰܠܟܽܠ ܢܰܚܶܐ ܒܝܽܘܡ ܡܶܐܬܺܝܬܶܗ ܝܰܘܢܳܢ ܕܰܙܟܳܟ ܘܰܦܢܳܐ ܗܘܳܐ ܡܶܢܳܗ̇ ܕܰܫܝܽܘ̇ܠ ܣܢܺܐܓܪܳܐ ܗܘܳܐ ܠܺܝ ܕܰܠܡܳܢܳܐ ܚܝܰܘ ܚܰܛܳܝ̈ܶܐ ܠܳܐ ܬܶܥܫܽܘܩܳܝܗ̱ܝ ܐܳܘ ܒܺܝܫܳܐ ܠܗܰܘ ܒܰܪ ܡܰܬܰܝ ܦܰܪܨܽܘܦܳܐ ܕܚܶܡܬܳܐ ܚܰܘܺܝ ܕܢܰܣܓܽܘܢ ܢܰܘܕܽܘܢ ܛܳܒ ܦܰܚܺܝܚ ܟܽܠܶܗ ܦܝܳܣܳܟ ܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܛܪܽܘܢܳܐ ܠܳܐ ܓܶܝܪ ܒܣܶܡ ܠܺܝ ܡܶܕܶܡ ܡܶܢ ܟܽܠ ܕܶܐܡܰܪܬ ܐܶܡܰܬܝ̱ ܗ̱ܽܘ ܓܶܝܪ ܒܶܣܡܰܬ ܠܳܟ ܡܶܠܰܬ ܩܽܘܫܬܳܐ ܦܰܚܬܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܒܶܝܬ ܠܳܟ ܠܰܫܪܳܪܳܐ ܐܳܘ ܟܰܕܳܒܳܐ ܟܺܐܢܳܐ ܐܺܝܬܰܝ ܡܶܢ ܝܰܘܡܰܝ̈ ܠܰܘ ܬܰܝܳܒܳܐ ܐܶܢܳܐ ܐ̱ܢܳܐ ܕܡܰܥܕܶܐ ܐ̱ܢܳܐ ܡܶܢܳܟ ܠܰܒܢܰܝ̈ ܐ̱ܢܳܫ̈ܳܐ ܩܰܕܳܐ ܬܝܳܒܽܘܬܳܟ ܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܫܰܦܺܝܪ ܐܶܬܰܝܬ ܗܳܐ ܐܳܦ ܫܳܐܽܘ̇ܠ ܒܰܢܒܺܝ̈ܶܐ ܥܰܝܛܳܐ ܪܰܒܳܐ ܐܶܢ ܐܰܢ̱ܬ ܡܰܘܬܐ ܬܶܙܕܰܕܰܩ ܐܳܦ ܠܳܐ ܥܰܠ ܢܰܦܫܝ̱ ܣܰܒܪܳܐ ܡܳܕܶܝܢ ܦܳܣܶܩ ܐ̱ܢܳܐ ܕܠܳܐ ܬܳܐܶܒ ܐ̱ܢܳܐ ܦܬܰܟܪܳܐ ܥܰܡ ܡܳܪܝ̱ ܠܳܐ ܥܶܒܕܶܬ ܣܳܢܶܐ ܡܳܪܶܗ ܒܰܦܬܰܟܪ̈ܶܐ ܡܺܝ̈ܬܶܐ ܠܚܰܝ̈ܶܐ ܗܳܐ ܩܳܛܶܠ ܐܰܢ̱ܬ ܀܀܀
English
The son of his voice Evil to death, behold, he diminishes and also is diminished. They hasten and are in haste, and also their necks are twisted. A cry of help: Praise to you, son of the Lord of all, who died for the sake of all. And he was troubled that for all he might give life on the day of his coming. The sign of victory and the work were from that of Sheol. A lock was for me, that for the sake of the living, the lives of sinners. Do not oppress them, or evil to that son of Matthew. The person of wrath, show that they have multiplied their works. Good, easy, all your peace, death, the pursuer. For nothing is pleasant to me from all that I have said. When, then, did the word of truth please you? Is it a trap for you for truth or falsehood? I am sad from my days, not repentant. I come, I come, who hastens; I come from you to my limbs, my members. Before your repentance, death, beautiful, you came. Behold, also Sheol among the tombs, a great tumult. If you, death, are justified, not even against myself. Hope shows, I cease, I who do not return; I cease. A contest with my Lord, you did not make; a helper of his Lord. With dead contests, for the living, behold, you kill.
dsc-309:2 · narrativemedium
Source
ܕܰܦܠܶܓܝ̱ ܐܰܢ̱ܬ ܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܝܳܕܰܥ ܐ̱ܢܳܐ ܘܶܐܢܳܐ ܦܶܠܓܳܟ ܦܠܶܓܝ̱ ܗ̱ܽܘ ܬܳܐܶܒ ܐܶܢ ܬܳܐܶܒ ܬܳܡܰܗ ܐ̱ܢܳܐ ܕܶܝܢ ܫܰܘܬܳܦܳܟ ܐܰܢ̱ܬ ܒܰܡܢܳܬܳܐ ܘܠܳܐ ܒܰܚܛܺܝܬܳܐ ܠܺܝ ܩܛܺܝ̈ܠܶܐ ܘܠܳܟ ܩܳܛܽܘ̈ܠܶܐ ܕܰܐܚܛܺܝܬ ܐܶܢܽܘܢ ܬܶܒܟܶܐ ܥܪܺܝܡܽܘܬܝ̱ ܥܰܠ ܢܰܦܫܳܗ̇ ܕܥܰܡܳܟ ܕܪܰܫܬ ܨ̈ܶܢܝܳܬܝ̱ ܥܠܰܝ ܢܶܬܐܰܒ̈ܠܳܢ ܕܡܰܛܺܝܬ ܨܶܐܕܰܝܟ ܩܶܨܡ̈ܶܐ ܘܰܢܚܳܫ̈ܶܐ ܘܙܳܟܽܘܪ̈ܶܐ ܥܰܡ ܟܽܠ ܚܰܘ̈ܒܺܝܢ ܢܽܘܪܳܐ ܕܰܐܣܶܦܬ ܒܬܺܐܒܶܝܠ ܒܰܫܝܽܘ̇ܠ ܕܶܥܟܰܬ ܬܰܝܳܒܳܐ ܕܨܰܠܶܠ ܒܳܩ̈ܶܐ ܘܰܒܠܰܥ ܟܺܐܢ̈ܶܐ ܢܶܨܪܽܘܢܳܟ ܢܰܟ̈ܦܶܐ ܕܓܳܥܶܝܢ ܡܶܢ ܓܰܘ ܟܰܪܣܳܟ ܒܶܝܬ ܓܰܙܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܢܛܺܝܪܺܝܢ ܠܺܝ ܟܽܠ ܙܰܕ̈ܺܝܩܶܐ ܢܽܘܚܳܡܗܽܘܢ ܠܳܟ ܡܶܬܠܰܚܰܡ ܕܰܪܕܰܦܬ ܐܶܢܽܘܢ ܝܰܥܢܳܐ ܕܰܠܟܽܠܳܗ̇ ܒܪܺܝܬܳܐ ܚܰܡܠܳܗ̇ ܒܰܡܥܰܘ̈ܗ̱ܝ ܗܳܐ ܡܰܗܶܠ ܒܺܝ ܕܶܐܫܬܰܠܚܶܬ ܡܶܢ ܩܶܢܝܳܢܰܝ̈ ܩܕܳܡ ܢܶܓܕܳܐ ܠܳܐ ܬܶܬܪܰܥܰܡ ܠܳܐ ܓܶܝܪ ܡܛܳܟ ܢܺܐܬܶܐ ܝܰܘܡܳܐ ܕܰܬܒܰܓܶܢ ܘܶܐܫܡܰܥ ܘܶܐܚܕܶܐ ܬܺܐܬܶܐ ܢܽܘܪܳܐ ܕܳܐܦ ܡܶܫܟܳܟ ܡܶܢܳܟ ܬܶܫܽܘܛ ܐܰܝܟ ܕܰܢܫܰܛܬܳܝܗ̱ܝ ܒܝܰܕ ܚܶܨܦܳܐ ܡܶܫܟܶܗ ܕܺܐܝܽܘ̇ܒ ܀܀܀
English
Divide your death, O knower of the son of his voice, and diminish your half. He is divided, he returns, if he returns, wonder, the son of his voice, again. Your partner, you are in the womb, and not in sin. For me, the slain, and for you, the slayers, whom you caused to sin, I see. My orphanhood weeps over the soul of your people whom you deceived. My cries upon me, mourners, because I reached your side. Fates and afflictions and remembrances with all my debts. The mountain that you gathered in Abel, in Sheol, you crushed. The penitent who rang in the valleys and swallowed the afflicted. Your ribs, the rocks that roar from within your belly. A treasury it is, guarded for me, all the righteous. Their strength for you is armed, because you pursued, I see. The infant of the whole creation, its compassion in its entrails. Behold, it hastens in me, that I was stripped from my bones. Before the wall, do not be moved, for it is not your reach. The day will come that you will burst, and I will hear and rejoice. The mountain will come, and also your skin will be stripped from you, as his skin was stripped by the hand of insolence, the skin of Job.
dsc-309:3 · narrativemedium
Source
ܪܺܝܚܳܐ ܕܫܰܦܠܽܘܬܳܐ ܫܰܪܺܝ ܕܰܐܝܟ ܢܶܦܪܰܚ ܒܺܝ ܚܶܠܡܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܟܰܝ ܕܶܐܢܳܐ ܒܰܛܠܶܬ ܛܽܘܪܳܐ ܙܥܽܘܪܳܐ ܠܳܐ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܡ̈ܶܠܶܐ ܚܣܰܪ ܗ̱ܘ̈ܰܝ ܠܺܝ ܘܥܰܠ ܗܰܘ ܫܶܬܩܶܬ ܥܰܠ ܥܶܕܳܢܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܟܶܪܝܰܬ ܠܺܝ ܕܰܢܦܰܩ ܡܰܓܳܢ ܬܽܘܟܶܗ ܕܡܰܡܠ̱ܠܳܟ ܛܳܒ ܣܰܓܺܝ ܠܘܰܝ ܠܳܐ ܫܡܰܥܬܶܗ ܕܪܶܥܝܳܢܝ ܟܽܠܶܗ ܐܺܝܬܰܘܗ̱ܝ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܨܶܝܕ ܣܽܘܥܪܳܢܝ̱ ܗܳܕܶܐ ܐ̱ܢܳܫܽܘܬܳܐ ܕܶܐܒܕܰܬ ܦܶܗܝܳܐ ܣܰܪܚܳܗ̇ ܒܶܛܠܳܢܳܐ ܥܰܡ ܒܶܣܝܳܢܳܐ ܒܢܺܝܪܳܐ ܟܰܕܢܽܘܗ̇ ܗܰܕܝܳܐܳܐ ܕܪܶܓܬܳܐ ܡܳܡܽܘܢܳܐ ܣܰܦܣܺܪ ܙܰܒܢܳܗ̇ ܚܶܪܝܳܢܳܐ ܥܰܡ ܫܽܘܒܗܳܪܳܐ ܗܘܰܘ ܥܰܪ̈ܳܒܶܐ ܒܰܐܡܺܝܢܽܘܬܳܐ ܚܠܳܦ ܚܰܝܠܳܐ ܡܶܬܟܰܬܰܫ ܐ̱ܢܳܐ ܘܶܐܢ ܗܽܘ ܕܒܳܣܶܐ ܐ̱ܢܳܐ ܩܰܠܺܝܠ ܠܰܝܬܰܘܗ̱ܝ ܫܽܘܠܛܳܢܝ̱ ܒܢܽܘܛܦ̈ܳܬܳܐ ܐܰܡܺܝ̈ܢܳܬܳܐ ܫܽܘ̈ܥܶܐ ܒܶܙܥܶܬ ܕܫܰܕܳܠܳܐ ܐܰܡܺܝܢܳܐ ܐܳܦ ܛܽܘܪܳܐ ܡܶܫܟܰܚ ܫܳܪܶܐ ܥܝܳܕܳܐ ܐܳܦ ܠܶܗ ܠܰܟܝܳܢܳܐ ܡܳܪܳܐ ܗܳܘܶܐ ܡܰܠܶܦ ܢܳܓܶܕ ܐܳܦ ܠܰܐܪܝܳܐ ܐܰܝܟ ܠܰܒܥܺܝܪܳܐ ܥܝܳܕܳܐ ܢܺܝܚܳܐ ܘܝܽܘܬܪܳܢܳܐ ܘܰܐܡܺܝܢܽܘܬܳܐ ܒܗܽܘܢ ܡܶܙܕܰܟܝܳܐ ܚܺܐܪܽܘܬܳܐ ܩܰܫܝܰܬ ܡܶܢ ܟܽܠ ܐܶܢ ܡܶܬܥܰܙܰܙ ܨܶܒܝܳܢܳܗ̇ ܣܽܘܛܡ̈ܶܐ ܬܳܒܰܪ ܀܀܀ ܘܶܐܢ ܒܳܣܶܐ ܢܶܫܒܳܐ ܡܚܺܝܠܳܐ ܡܨܶܐ ܨܳܐܶܕ ܠܳܗ̇ ܐܶܢ ܗܽܘ ܕܢܶܗܡܰܬ ܚܺܐܪܽܘܬܳܐ ܐܶܬܒܰܕܰܪܢܰܢ ܘܶܐܢ ܕܶܝܢ ܒܶܗܠܰܬ ܟܶܢܫܰܢ ܚܢܰܢ ܠܰܢ ܕܰܢܒܰܙܰܚ ܒܳܗ̇ ܠܳܐ ܢܰܣܓܶܐ ܢܡܰܠܶܠ ܕܰܠܡܳܐ ܢܰܣܓܶܐ ܢܶܒܛܰܠ ܒܚܽܘܒܳܐ ܢܰܩܪܶܒ ܥܰܡ ܫܽܘܪܳܐ ܘܗܳܐ ܐܶܬܬܰܪܰܥ ܙܶܠ ܐܰܢ̱ܬ ܘܰܣܥܽܘܪ ܟܽܘܪ̈ܗܳܢܶܐ ܘܶܐܢܳܐ ܦܰܚ̈ܶܐ ܕܠܺܝ ܚܰܘ̈ܒܶܐ ܘܠܳܟ ܡܰܘܬܳܢܳܐ ܢܝܳܚܳܐ ܪܰܒܳܐ ܘܳܐܦܶܢ ܒܶܛܠܶܬ ܠܳܐ ܒܛܰܠܬ ܡܶܢ ܡܰܪܢܺܝܬܳܐ ܕܨܶܒܝܳܢܝ̱ ܡܶܢ ܡܬܽܘܡ ܠܳܐ ܒܛܶܠ ܕܰܡܛܰܝܒ ܗ̱ܽܘ
English
The scent of simplicity began, as if it flew in me. It was a dream, as if I sought, you abolished the small mountain. There were no words, they were lacking to me, and upon that silence. Upon that occasion, you cut for me that the wound might go out. The midst of your discourse, good, much woe to me, I did not hear it. All my thought was upon the hunt of my smallness. This is the folly that destroyed the beautiful, its excess. In idleness with pleasantness, chosen, as it was worn. The guide of desire, the tamer, the scribe of its sacrifice. The freeborn with the hired were guarantors. In steadfastness instead of strength, the fool contends. And if he who seeks, the fool, little, he is not my ruler. With steadfast tears, the shouts in smallness, that the steadfast thrower might also loosen the mountain. Custom also becomes lord to the chaste, teaching, it hunts even the lion like the beast. Custom, swift, and advantage, and steadfastness, by which freedom is justified, is harder than all. If the will is shaken, the stumbling blocks break. And if he seeks, the weak one, can he hunt her? If he who fears freedom, he will be scattered. And if he hastens, he stumbles, he sins against you that you may mock her. Do not speak much, lest you speak much and be idle. With love, approach the wall, and behold, it will be opened. Go, you, and close the holes, and I will set traps. For me, sins, and for you, deaths, a great rest. And also, in idleness, you did not cease from my pasture. That my will from standing did not cease, that it might be prepared.
Citation. Tergwame, “Nisibis 55”, dsc-309:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/dsc-309#s1
Colophon. Source: syriac · licence: CC BY 4.0 · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0025 · generated 2026-11-15.