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Nisibis 52

Ephrem the Syrian · syriac

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machine-draft · no human review 3 passages · 654 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

Nisibis 52 is a madrāšâ (teaching hymn) by Ephrem the Syrian, composed during or shortly after the siege of Nisibis in 350 CE. It reflects the Christian identity of the city under Persian threat and survives in a single sixth- or seventh-century manuscript (Vat. syr. 113) with later liturgical use. The hymn was incorporated into the East Syriac liturgical cycle for the Feast of the Greek Doctors, indicating its enduring authority. The edition lacks a critical apparatus, and variant readings from other manuscripts are not collated.

Nisibis 52 exemplifies Ephrem's use of hymnography to articulate Christian identity under imperial and religious pressure. It belongs to a cycle that dramatizes the limits of evil powers, a theme influential in later Syriac and Byzantine literature. The hymn's survival in a single manuscript and its liturgical reuse highlight the selective preservation of Ephrem's works and their adaptation to later ecclesiastical needs.

Historical context

Ephrem the Syrian (c. 306–373 CE) composed the madrāšê cycle in Nisibis, a frontier city of the Roman Empire frequently besieged by the Sasanian Persians. The siege of 350 CE, during the reign of Constantius II, threatened the Christian community, which Ephrem defended through hymns that reinforced communal identity and theological orthodoxy. The madrāšâ genre, characterized by strophic verse and antiphonal performance, was central to Syriac liturgical and catechetical practice. The sole surviving manuscript (Vat. syr. 113) dates from the sixth or seventh century, with marginalia and corrections indicating active use in East Syriac liturgy. The hymn's later inclusion in the Feast of the Greek Doctors shows its integration into the broader Syriac tradition, though the transmission history is fragmentary and the text may have undergone scribal alterations.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

15 commentary units 4 term3 background3 structure2 caution1 scripture1 reception1 sense 0 derived notes 4 open questions 3 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: other in classical Syriac; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 3 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: syriac — CC BY 4.0

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
dsc-306:1 · narrativehigh
Source
ܥܰܠ ܣܳܛܳܢܳܐ ܘܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܥܰܠ ܩܳܠܳܐ ܕܰܐܘ ܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܠܳܐ ܬܶܫܬܰܥܠܶܐ ܠܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܘܣܳܛܳܢܳܐ ܫܶܡܥܶܬ ܩܳܠܳܐ ܟܰܕ ܢܳܨܶܝܢ ܗ̱ܘܰܘ ܕܰܐܝܢܳܐ ܚܰܣܺܝܢ ܡܶܢ ܚܰܒܪܶܗ ܨܶܝܕ ܒܰܪܢܳܫܳܐ ܥܽܘܢܺܝܬܳܐ : ܠܳܟ ܫܽܘܒܚܳܐ ܒܰܪ ܪܳܥܶܐ ܟܽܠ ܕܰܦܪܰܩ ܥܳܢ̈ܶܗ ܡܶܢ ܕܺܐܒ̈ܶܐ ܟܣܰܝ̈ܳܐ ܕܒܰܠܥܽܘܗ̇ ܒܺܝܫܳܐ ܘܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܚܰܘܺܝ ܫܽܘܠܛܳܢܶܗ ܕܰܠܟܽܠ ܙܳܟܶܐ ܣܳܛܳܢܳܐ ܚܰܘܺܝ ܢܶܟܠܶܗ ܕܰܠܟܽܠ ܡܰܚܛܶܐ ܠܳܟ ܒܺܝܫܳܐ ܐܰܝܢܳܐ ܕܨܳܒܶܐ ܠܚܽܘܕ ܫܳܡܰܥ ܠܳܟ ܠܺܝ ܕܨܳܒܶܐ ܘܰܕܠܳܐ ܨܳܒܶܐ ܨܶܐܕܰܝ ܐܳܬ̇ܝܢ ܠܳܟ ܡܰܘܬܐ ܩܛܺܝܪܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܒܰܠܚܽܘܕ ܕܰܛܪܽܘܢܽܘܬܳܐ ܠܺܝ ܕܶܝܢ ܦܰܚ̈ܶܐ ܐܳܦ ܢܶܫ̈ܒܶܐ ܕܰܥܪܺܝܡܽܘܬܳܐ ܫܡܰܥ ܒܺܝܫܳܐ ܕܰܐܝܢܳܐ ܕܰܥܪܺܝܡ ܢܺܝܪܳܟ ܬܒܳܪܶܗ ܠܳܐ ܕܶܝܢ ܐܺܝܬ ܐܰܝܢܳܐ ܕܡܶܫܟܰܚ ܡܳܪܶܕ ܡܶܢ ܢܺܝܪܝ̱ ܐܰܢ̱ܬ ܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܒܰܐܝܢܳܐ ܕܰܟܪܺܝܗ ܚܰܝܠܳܟ ܒܳܩܶܝܬ ܐܶܢܳܐ ܕܶܝܢ ܒܚܶܠܡ̈ܶܐ ܝܰܬܺܝܪ ܡܶܬܓܰܒܰܪ ܐ̱ܢܳܐ ܒܺܝܫܳܐ ܠܳܐ ܫܰܠܺܝܛ ܥܰܠ ܟܽܠ ܕܰܡܨܰܚܶܐ ܠܶܗ ܠܺܝ ܕܠܳܛܰܢܝ̱ ܘܰܕܠܳܐܶܛ ܠܺܝ ܠܺܐܝܕ̈ܰܝ ܐܳܬܶܝܢ ܐܰܢ̱ܬ ܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܡܶܢ ܐܰܠܳܗܳܐ ܚܰܝܠܳܐ ܩܰܒܶܠܬ ܠܺܝ ܒܰܠܚܽܘܕ ܕܠܳܐ ܡܥܰܕܰܪ ܠܺܝ ܟܰܕ ܡܰܚܛܶܐ ܐ̱ܢܳܐ ܐܰܢ̱ܬ ܒܺܝܫܳܐ ܐܰܝܟ ܚܰܠܳܫܳܐ ܦܰܚ̈ܶܐ ܨܳܠܶܝܬ ܘܰܐܝܟ ܡܰܠܟܳܐ ܐ̱ܢܳܐ ܒܫܽܘܠܛܳܢܳܐ ܡܶܬܚܰܫܰܚ ܐ̱ܢܳܐ ܣܟܰܠ ܐܰܢ̱ܬ ܗ̱ܽܘ ܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܠܡܶܕܰܥ ܕܰܟܡܳܐ ܪܰܒ ܐ̱ܢܳܐ ܕܰܠܚܺܐܪܽܘܬܳܐ ܡܫܰܠܰܛܬܳܐ ܣܶܦܩܶܬ ܕܶܐܨܽܘܕ ܐܰܢ̱ܬ ܒܺܝܫܳܐ ܐܰܝܟ ܣܳܪܽܘܚܳܐ ܗܳܐ ܚܳܕܰܪ ܐܰܢ̱ܬ ܐܶܢܳܐ ܐܰܝܟ ܐܰܪܝܳܐ ܬܳܒܰܪ ܐ̱ܢܳܐ ܘܠܳܐ ܩܳܢܶܛ ܐ̱ܢܰܐ ܠܳܟ ܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܠܰܝܬ ܕܦܳܠܰܚ ܐܳܦ ܠܳܐ ܕܣܳܓܶܕ ܠܺܝ ܒܕ̈ܶܒܚܶܐ ܡܰܠܟ̈ܶܐ ܦܰܠܚܽܘܢܝ̱ ܐܰܝܟ ܠܰܐܠܳܗܳܐ ܠܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܣܰܓܺܝ̈ܐܶܐ ܩܳܪܶܝܢ ܐܰܝܟ ܕܰܠܛܳܒܳܐ
English
On Satan and Death On the voice of that Death, do not be troubled. Of Death and Satan I heard a voice as they were contending: Which of the two is more powerful than his companion? Against the fool the crooked one: "To you, glory, O son of a shepherd, who saved all his flock from wolves, the hidden ones who would have devoured her, evil and Death." Death: "Show your authority, which conquers all." Satan: "Show your strength, which makes all sin." "To you, evil one, which one who wishes alone will hear you? To me, both the one who wishes and the one who does not wish, come to my snare." "To you, Death, it is only the one who is weary of the watch that is near. To me, however, there are nets and also snares of cunning." "Hear, evil one, which one is more cunning than your breaking? But there is no one who can escape from me." "You, Death, in which one did you find your strength failing? I, however, in dreams become stronger than I." "Evil one, you have no power over all who mock you. To me, both those who curse me and those who do not curse me come to my hands." "You, Death, received power from God. To me, only without help, when I cause sin, I become stronger." "You, evil one, like a hunter you set snares, and like a king I am adorned with authority." "You are foolish, O Death, to know how great I am, that for freedom, which is empowered, you sufficed to capture." "You, evil one, like a robber you go about. I, however, like a lion break, and I do not become angry." "To you, Death, there is no one who serves, nor who worships. To me, with sacrifices, kings serve me as a god." Many call Death as if to a good thing.
dsc-306:2 · narrativemedium
Source
ܠܳܟ ܒܺܝܫܳܐ ܠܳܐ ܐܺܝܬ ܕܰܩܪܳܟ ܐܰܘ ܩܳܪܶܐ ܠܳܟ ܠܳܐ ܪܓܺܝܫ ܐܰܢ̱ܬ ܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܒܗܳܕܶܐ ܕܰܟܡܳܐ ܐܶܢܽܘܢ ܕܒܶܐܣܟܺܝܡ ܐܶܣܟܺܝܡ ܩܳܪܶܝܢ ܠܺܝ ܘܰܡܢܰܩܶܝܢ ܠܺܝ ܣܢܶܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܫܡܳܟ ܐܳܘ ܣܳܛܳܢܳܐ ܠܳܐ ܬܰܫܦܰܪܳܝܗ̱ܝ ܠܰܫܡܳܟ ܟܽܠ ܠܳܐܶܛ ܠܶܗ ܟܰܣܳܐ ܨܰܥܪܳܟ ܐܶܕܢܳܟ ܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܝܰܩܺܝܪܳܐ ܕܠܳܐ ܫܳܡܰܥ ܐܰܢ̱ܬ ܕܟܽܠ ܐ̱ܢܳܫ ܥܠܰܝܟ ܗ̱ܽܘ ܥܰܘܳܐ ܛܰܫܳܐ ܢܰܦܫܳܟ ܀܀܀ ܓܰܠܝ̈ܳܢ ܐܰܦܰܝ̈ ܒܰܒܪܺܝܬܳܐ ܠܳܐ ܓܶܝܪ ܢܶܟܠܶܬ ܐܰܟܘܳܬܳܟ ܕܰܕܠܳܐ ܢܶܟ̈ܠܶܐ ܠܳܐ ܒܳܐܶܬ ܐܰܢ̱ܬ ܠܰܘ ܡܶܕܶܡ ܝܰܬܺܝܪ ܐܶܫܟܰܚܬ̊ ܐܰܝܟ ܫܰܪܺܝܪܳܐ ܕܰܣܢܶܝܬ ܗ̱ܽܘ ܐܳܦ ܐܰܢ̱ܬ ܐܰܟܘܳܬܝ̱ ܠܰܒ̈ܢܰܝ ܐ̱ܢܳܫ̈ܳܐ ܡܶܢܝ̱ ܡܶܕܚܰܠ ܕܳܚܶܠ ܟܽܠ ܐ̱ܢܳܫ ܐܰܝܟ ܕܡܶܢ ܡܳܪܳܐ ܠܳܟ ܕܶܝܢ ܡܶܣܢܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܣܳܢܶܝܢ ܠܳܟ ܐܰܝܟ ܕܰܠܒܺܝܫܳܐ ܠܳܟ ܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܣܳܢܶܝܢ ܠܰܫܡܳܟ ܐܳܦ ܠܰܥܒܳܕܳܟ ܫܶܡܝ ܕܺܝܠܝ ܣܢܶܐ ܘܰܐ̱ܪ̈ܓܺܝܓܳܬܝ̱ ܣܰܓܺܝ ܐ̱ܪ̈ܚܺܝܡܳܢ ܠܡܶܪܰܬ ܫܶܢ̈ܶܐ ܡܶܬܗܰܦܟܳܐ ܗܳܝ ܚܰܠܝܽܘܬܳܟ ܬܘܳܬ ܢܰܦܫܳܐ ܠܰܘܝܳܐ ܟܽܠܫܳܥ ܠܰܪ̈ܓܺܝܓܳܬܳܟ ܫܝܽܘܠ ܣܰܢܝܳܐ ܕܠܰܝܬ ܒܓܰܘܳܗ̇ ܐܳܦ ܠܳܐ ܬܘܳܬܳܐ ܗܰܘܬܳܐ ܕܒܶܠܥܰܬ ܐܳܦ ܟܳܡܰܬ ܥܰܠ ܟܽܠ ܙܰܘ̈ܥܺܝܢ ܫܝܽܘܠ ܨܳܡܰܪܬܳܐ ܡܶܬܢܰܚܰܡ ܟܽܠ ܕܰܢܦܰܠ ܒܳܗ̇ ܚܛܺܝܬܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܣܰܢܝܳܐ ܕܰܦܣܰܩܬܶܗ ܣܰܒܪܶܗ ܕܐ̱ܢܳܫܳܐ ܐܳܦܶܢ ܟܰܪܝܳܐ ܠܺܝ ܒܬܰܝܳܒ̈ܶܐ ܝܶܗܒܶܬ ܐܰܬܪܳܐ ܦܣܰܩܬܳܝܗ̱ܝ ܣܰܒܪܶܗ ܕܚܰܛܳܝܳܐ ܕܡܺܝܬ ܒܰܚܛܳܗܰܘ̈ܗ̱ܝ ܡܰܢ ܨܶܐܕܰܝܟ ܗ̱ܽܘ ܡܩܰܕܶܡ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܘܰܦܣܺܝܩ ܣܰܒܪܶܗ ܕܶܐܠܽܘ ܐܰܢ̱ܬ ܠܳܐ ܐܰܚܛܺܝܬܳܝܗ̱ܝ ܫܰܦܺܝܪ ܥܳܢܶܕ ܀܀܀
English
To you, O Evil One, there is none who calls you or names you. You are not aware, O Death, of how many have been troubled. In a mask, a mask, he calls to me and mocks me. Is your name "Satan" or "Satan"? Do not adorn your name; all is hidden, cover your face. Your knowledge, O Death, is weighty, for you do not hear. That every man is upon you, that is the crooked one, hidden, your self. The faces are revealed in creation, for you did not finish like yourself, that without end you do not come. You have found nothing more, as is true, that you have done, even you like me, to the sons of men. From me, fear, every man fears as from a lord. For you, however, it is that the rebel mocks you as a fool. For you, O Death, mocks your name and your work. My name is "Satan," and my tremblings are many, my friends. To inherit the changes, that is your sweetness, which is turned. Again, the soul is bound always to your tremblings. Sheol, the helper, in whose midst there is no end nor return. She is the abyss that swallowed and also subdued all movements. Sheol, the narrow one, every one who falls into her is choked. Sin is the helper whose cessation is the hope of man. Also, the mourner gave me a place among the penitents. The cessation of their hope is the sinner who died in his sins. With your hunting, that one who was before and cut off his hope. If you had not made him sin, he would do well.
dsc-306:3 · narrativemedium
Source
ܒܪܺܝܟ ܕܰܐܪܡܺܝ ܐܶܢܽܘܢ ܒܰܚܕܳܕ̈ܶܐ ܠܥܰܒܕ̈ܶܐ ܠܺܝ̈ܛܶܐ ܕܢܶܚܙܶܐ ܒܗܽܘܢ ܐܰܝܟ ܕܰܚܙܰܘ ܒܰܢ ܐܳܦ ܐܰܗܶܠܘ̱ ܒܰܢ ܪܰܗܒܽܘܢܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܗܳܢܳܐ ܐܰܚܰܝ̈ ܕܰܚܙܰܝܢ ܒܗܽܘܢ ܕܬܽܘܒ ܐܺܝܬ ܠܰܢ ܕܰܒܗܽܘܢ ܢܶܚܙܶܐ ܡܳܐ ܕܶܐܬܢܰܚܰܡܢ
English
Blessed is he who casts a glance at one another at the cursed servants, that he may see in them as they saw in him, even as he began in them. Their terror is this, my brethren, that they saw in them that again there is for you that in them you may see what was determined.
Citation. Tergwame, “Nisibis 52”, dsc-306:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/dsc-306#s1
Colophon. Source: syriac · licence: CC BY 4.0 · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0020 · generated 2026-11-15.