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Nisibis 51

Ephrem the Syrian · syriac

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machine-draft · no human review 4 passages · 893 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

Nisibis 51 is a madrāšā (teaching hymn) by Ephrem the Syrian, composed during or shortly after the Persian siege of Nisibis in 350 CE. The poem reflects the Christian identity of the city under Shapur II and employs stanzaic structure and acrostic patterns. It survives in Syriac manuscripts, with earliest witnesses from the 6th century. The work was later incorporated into the East Syriac liturgical cycle for the Feast of the Martyrs, serving catechetical and commemorative functions. The edition lacks a full critical apparatus, and some manuscript divergences in stanza order remain unresolved.

Nisibis 51 exemplifies Ephrem's poetic theology, blending biblical imagery with contemporary polemic against perceived heresies such as those of Bar Dayṣan. Its incorporation into the East Syriac liturgy underscores its role in shaping communal identity and memory. The work also provides insight into the Christian experience of Sasanian persecution and the use of hymnody for theological education.

Historical context

Ephrem the Syrian (c. 306–373 CE) composed the madrāšê of the Nisibis cycle while living in Nisibis, a frontier city of the Roman Empire frequently besieged by Sasanian Persia. The siege of 350 CE under Shapur II forms the immediate backdrop, with the poem articulating Christian resistance and identity. The Syriac-speaking community of Nisibis was a vibrant center of early Syriac Christianity, where Ephrem served as a deacon and teacher. The madrāšā genre, characterized by strophic verse and acrostic patterns, was used for liturgical and catechetical instruction. The text was transmitted in multiple manuscripts, the earliest dating to the 6th century, and was later adopted into the East Syriac liturgical tradition for the Feast of the Martyrs, indicating its enduring authority. The edition notes some manuscript divergences in stanza order but does not fully resolve them, reflecting the fluidity of oral and written transmission.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

22 commentary units 4 background4 term4 structure3 scripture3 caution2 parallel1 reception1 sense 0 derived notes 10 open questions 4 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • coverageNo English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed.
  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: other in classical Syriac; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 4 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: syriac — CC BY 4.0

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
dsc-305:1 · narrativemedium
Source
ܥܰܠ ܩܳܠܳܐ ܐܳܘ ܝܳܗܽܘܒܳܐ ܕܦܽܘܪ̈ܫܳܢܶܐ ܒܙܺܝܙܳܢܳܐ ܦܶܓܥܶܬ ܐܰܚܰܝ̈ ܕܰܠܒܺܝܫ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܓܰܘܢܳܐ ܕܚ̈ܶܛܶܐ ܕܰܢܕܰܘܶܕ ܙܰܪܥܳܐ ܛܳܒܳܐ ܘܕܶܐܬܦܰܩܰܕܘ̱ ܐܰܟܳܪ̈ܶܐ ܠܳܐ ܫܰܩܠܽܘܗ̱ܝ ܐܳܦ ܠܳܐ ܥܰܩܪܽܘܗ̱ܝ ܘܳܐܦܶܢ ܐܰܗܡܺܝܘ ܐܰܟܳܪ̈ܶܐ ܥܫܶܢ ܙܰܪܥܳܐ ܡܶܢ ܙܺܝ̈ܙܳܢܶܐ ܪܰܒܺܝ ܘܰܣܓܺܝ ܘܚܰܦܺܝ ܚܰܢܩܶܗ ܥܽܘܢܺܝܬܳܐ: ܠܳܟ ܬܶܫܒܽܘܚܬܳܐ ܡܰܚܶܐ ܟܽܠ ܦܓܰܥ ܒܺܝ ܟܬܳܒܶܗ ܕܒܰܪ ܕܰܝܨܳܢ ܘܶܐܬܐܰܠܨܶܬ ܕܰܡܠܶܐ ܫܳܥܳܐ ܐܰܣܪܰܚ ܐܶܕ̈ܢܰܝ ܕ̈ܰܟܝܳܬܳܐ ܘܶܐܥܒܶܕ ܐܶܢܶܝܢ ܡܰܥܒܰܪܬܳܐ ܠܡܰܡܠ̱ܠܳܐ ܕܰܡܠܶܐ ܓܽܘܕܳܦܳܐ ܀܀܀ ܪܶܗܛܶܬ ܬܽܘܒ ܐܰܣܚܺܝܬ ܐܶܢܶܝܢ ܒܩܶܪܝܳܢܳܐ ܫܰܦܝܳܐ ܘܕܰܟܝܳܐ ܕܰܟܬܳܒܶܝ̈ܗ̇ ܕܰܐܠܳܗܽܘܬܳܐ ܫܶܡܥܶܬ ܡܶܢ ܗܰܘ ܩܶܪܝܳܢܳܐ ܟܰܕ ܓܰܕܶܦ ܥܰܠ ܟܺܐܢܽܘܬܳܐ ܘܥܰܠ ܒܰܪ̱ܬ ܙܰܘܓܳܗ̇ ܛܰܝܒܽܘܬܳܐ ܐܶܢ ܓܶܝܪ ܦܰܓܪܳܐ ܠܳܐ ܩܳܐܶܡ ܚܶܣܕܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܒܺܝܫܳܐ ܠܛܰܝܒܽܘܬܳܐ ܕܰܒܪܳܬܶܗ ܐܰܝܟ ܕܰܠܣܽܘܪܳܚܰܢ ܘܓܽܘܕܳܦܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܕܥܰܠ ܟܺܐܢܽܘܬܳܐ ܕܰܫܕܳܬܶܗ ܐܰܝܟ ܕܠܰܐܒܕܳܢ ܡܥܺܝܩ ܗ̱ܘܐ ܕܶܝܢ ܗܽܘ ܩܶܪܝܳܢܳܐ ܠܢܰܦܫܳܐ ܘܦܰܓܪܳܐ ܫܰܘܝܳܐܺܝܬ ܕܰܐܪܡܺܝ ܒܰܝܢܳܬ ܚܰܒܺܝ̈ܒܶܐ ܦܽܘܪܫܳܢܳܐ ܕܰܦܣܳܩ ܣܰܒܪܳܐ ܠܦܰܓܪܳܐ ܓܠܰܙ ܡܶܢ ܢܽܘܚܳܡܶܗ ܘܰܠܢܰܦܫܳܐ ܡܶܢ ܫܰܘܬܳܦܳܗ̇ ܘܰܠܬܽܘܟܳܐ ܕܰܐܪܡܺܝ ܚܶܘܝܳܐ ܝܽܘܬܪܳܢܳܐ ܩܪܳܝܗ̱ܝ ܒܰܪ ܕܰܝܨܳܢ ܘܶܐܢ ܐܰܝܢܳܐ ܕܡܰܡܪܰܚ ܩܳܛܶܠ ܚܰܕ ܦܰܓܪܳܐ ܚܰܝܳܒ ܡܰܘܬܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܐܰܝܢܳܐ ܕܩܳܛܶܠ ܠܶܫܳܢܶܗ ܟܽܠ ܦܰܓܪ̈ܺܝܢ ܕܰܒܢܰܝ̈ ܐ̱ܢܳܫ̈ܳܐ ܠܝܰܡܳܐ ܪܰܒܳܐ ܐܶܢ ܢܳܚܶܬ ܠܳܐ ܡܨܶܐ ܝܰܡܳܐ ܥܳܪܶܒ ܒܶܗ ܕܰܒܟܰܝܠܳܐ ܕܡܰܝ̈ܳܐ ܢܶܦܪܽܘܥ ܩܶܛܠܳܐ ܕܰܩܛܰܠ ܠܶܫܳܢܶܗ ܟܡܳܐ ܩܳܛܽܘܠܺܝ̈ܢ ܡܰܪܺܝܪܺܝܢ ܗܘܰܘ ܠܶܗ ܠܦܰܓܪܳܐ ܚܰܠܳܫܳܐ ܀܀܀
English
On the melody "O Jacob" of the Separated Ones With a small locust you struck my brothers, who were clothed in the garment of sins, that it might thresh the good seed, and the farmers were commanded: Do not take it, nor uproot it. And the farmers also delayed; the seed grew from the locusts, increased and multiplied and covered his field. O Righteous One: to you praise, all of it. The book of Bar Dayṣan struck me, and I was compelled to fill an hour. I arranged my pure hands, and made a finger a passage for a discourse full of blasphemy. I ran again, I washed my finger in a pure and clean reading of the writings of divinity. I heard from that reader, when he blasphemed against Patience and against the daughter of her spouse, Grace. For if the body does not stand, it is an evil disgrace to Grace, that her daughter is as to a scandal; and it is a blasphemy against Patience, that her daughter is as to a ruin. That reader was distressed, indeed, for soul and body equally, that he cast the loves of the beloved ones, the separation that cut off hope. From the body he stripped its feeling, and from the soul its partner, and from the orphan he cast a serpent. Bar Dayṣan called profit a reading, and where it spreads, it kills. One body guilty of death it is; where it kills its own self, all bodies of the sons of men descend to the great sea. The sea cannot mix with it, that by the power of the waters it might wash away the killing that killed its own self. How many bitter murderers were to the weak body!
dsc-305:2 · narrativemedium
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ܩܰܛܠܶܗ ܩܳܐܺܝܢ ܡܶܢ ܠܽܘܩܕܰܡ ܘܰܐܫܠܶܡ ܚܰܪܒܶܗ ܩܳܛܽܘܠܳܐ ܠܰܐ̱ܚܪ̈ܳܢܶܐ ܕܰܢܡܰܪܽܘܢ ܒܶܗ ܘܗܳܐ ܠܐܶܝܢ ܒܽܐܘܡܳܢܽܘܬܶܗ ܟܽܠ ܬܰܠܡܺܝܕ̈ܰܘܗ̱ܝ ܕܰܢܕܰܡܽܘܢ ܠܶܗ ܠܪܰܒܳܐ ܕܰܐܠܶܦ ܡܶܢ ܢܰܦܫܶܗ ܩܰܛܠܽܘܗ̱ܝ ܣܰܝ̈ܦܶܐ ܓܰܠܝܳܐܺܝܬ ܘܳܐܦ ܠܶܫܳܢ̈ܶܐ ܟܰܣܝܳܐܺܝܬ ܥܪܺܝܡܳܐ ܩܰܛܠܶܗ ܡܶܢ ܠܽܘܩܕܰܡ ܘܰܨܢܺܝܥܳܐ ܡܶܢ ܒܳܬܰܪܟܶܢ ܚܶܘܝܳܐ ܡܰܪܺܝܪܳܐ ܚܰܠܺܝ ܠܶܫܳܢܶܗ ܟܰܕ ܩܳܛܶܠ ܠܶܗ ܘܳܐܦ ܬܰܠܡܺܝ̈ܕܰܘܗ̱ܝ ܡܰܪܺܝܪ̈ܶܐ ܒܠܶܫܳܢܳܐ ܚܰܠܝܳܐ ܩܰܛܠܽܘܗ̱ܝ ܚܢܳܢܶܗ ܛܳܒܳܐ ܕܓܳܒܽܘܠܳܟ ܢܩܽܘܡ ܦܰܓܪܳܐ ܠܰܛܠܺܝܡܽܘܬܳܟ ܫܕܳܟ ܚܶܘܝܳܐ ܡܶܢ ܦܰܪܕܰܝܣܳܐ ܘܳܐܦ ܝܰܠܕ̈ܰܘܗ̱ܝ ܡܶܢ ܡܰܠܟܽܘܬܳܐ ܗܰܘ ܓܰܠܙܳܟ ܡܶܢ ܚܰܝܽܘܬܳܐ ܘܳܐܦ ܗܳܠܶܝܢ ܡܶܢ ܢܽܘܚܳܡܳܐ ܪܗܶܛ ܚܶܘܝܳܐ ܨܶܝܕ ܫܽܘܪܳܝܳܐ ܘܬܰܠܡܺܝܕ̈ܰܘܗ̱ܝ ܨܶܝܕ ܫܽܘܠܳܡܳܐ ܢܰܦܫܳܐ ܕܶܝܢ ܕܰܠܒܺܝܫܳܐ ܠܶܗ ܠܦܰܓܪܳܐ ܣܰܓܺܝ ܙܗܺܝܪܳܐ ܒܶܗ ܕܰܠܡܳܐ ܦܳܪܫܺܝܢ ܚܰܕ ܡܶܢ ܚܰܕ ܒܗܳܠܶܝܢ ܚܰܝ̈ܶܐ ܥܳܒܽܘܪ̈ܶܐ ܘܰܐܝܟܰܢ ܡܰܨܝܳܐ ܕܰܬܣܰܝܒܰܪ ܒܚܰܪܬܳܐ ܠܡܶܚܳܐ ܒܶܠܥܳܕܰܘܗ̱ܝ ܠܳܐ ܓܶܝܪ ܫܳܒܶܩ ܠܳܗ̇ ܚܽܘܒܶܗ ܕܰܬܚܰܡܣܶܢ ܡܶܢ ܢܽܘܚܳܡܶܗ ܚܽܘܪ ܐܰܝܟܰܢܳܐ ܡܶܠܰܬܗܽܘܢ ܡܶܬܟܰܣܣܳܐ ܘܳܐܦ ܡܶܫܬܰܪܝܳܐ ܟܰܕ ܡܶܬܪܰܗܒܺܝܢ ܡܶܢ ܣܰܝܦܳܐ ܘܳܐܦ ܡܶܢ ܪܰܚܫܳܐ ܢܳܟܽܘܝܳܐ ܒܢܰܝ̈ ܚܶܘܝܳܐ ܕܚܶܠܘ̱ ܡܶܢ ܚܶܘܝܳܐ ܡܶܛܽܠ ܦܰܓܪܳܐ ܩܳܛܽܘܠܳܐ ܕܙܳܕܶܩ ܗ̱ܘܐ ܕܢܶܣܢܽܘܢ ܚܰܝܰܘ̈ܗ̱ܝ ܐܰܝܟ ܕܰܣܢܰܘ ܐܳܦ ܢܽܘܚܳܡܶܗ ܪ̈ܓܺܝܓܳܬܳܐ ܓܶܝܪ ܣܰܢܝ̈ܳܬܳܐ ܣܰܢ̈ܝܳܢ ܐܶܢܶܝܢ ܟܰܕ ܡܶܣܬܰܥܪ̈ܳܢ ܠܗܶܝܢ ܗ̱ܽܘ ܡܰܟܶܣ ܢܳܡܽܘܣܳܐ ܠܗܶܝܢ ܗ̱ܽܘ ܪܳܕܶܦ ܕܰܝܳܢܳܐ ܥܠܰܝܗܶܝܢ ܡܶܬܬܘܶܐ ܬܰܝܳܒܳܐ ܦܰܓܪܳܐ ܡܝܰܩܰܪ ܒܰܟܬܳܒܳܐ ܗܽܘܝܽܘ ܪܚܺܝܡ ܐܳܦ ܒܰܟܝܳܢܳܐ ܒܶܗ ܗ̱ܽܘ ܙܗܺܝܪ ܐܳܦ ܒܰܪܢܳܫܳܐ
English
He killed Cain first and gave his sword, the slayer, to the others who dwelt with him, and behold, he came in his youthfulness. All his disciples who were with him killed the teacher who taught from himself, openly with swords and also secretly with tongues. Cain killed first and the avenger after him. The bitter serpent sweetened his tongue when it killed him, and also his bitter disciples killed him with a sweet tongue. The good grace of your chosen one, O Jacob, the body for your youthfulness. Cast the serpent from Paradise and also his young from the kingdom. That one, your slayer, from life and also these from support. The serpent ran toward the beginning and his disciples toward the end. The self, however, which is clothed in the body, is very cautious in it, lest one separate from the other. In these transitory lives, how can one who is to be sustained endure in the end without them? For his debt does not allow it to be deprived of its support. See how their word is both composed and dissolved when it is hastened by the sword and also by the swift runner. Woe to the serpent's young who saw from the serpent because of the murderous body, whose life ought to have been spent as its support was spent. For the sparks of the helpers, the helpers come when they are stirred. To them is the tax collector, to them is the persecutor of the judge. Upon them the penitent falls. The body is honored in scripture; it is beloved also in lamentation. In it one is cautious also in the mind.
dsc-305:3 · narrativemedium
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ܬܳܒܰܥ ܠܶܗ ܐܳܦ ܒܳܪܽܘܝܳܐ ܠܩܳܛܽܘܠܳܐ ܕܚܰܒܶܠ ܦܰܓܪܳܐ ܟܺܐܢܳܐ ܫܳܪܶܐ ܪܽܘܟܳܒܶܗ ܕܢܺܐܠܰܦ ܡܳܐ ܒܺܝܫ ܚܽܘܒܳܠܶܗ ܕܨܰܠܡܳܐ ܕܨܳܪܰܬ ܛܰܝܒܽܘܬܳܐ ܒܓܽܘܫܡܳܐ ܕܰܐܚܶܫ ܡܰܚܶܫ ܠܶܗ ܒܦܰܓܪܶܗ ܝܺܠܶܦ ܩܳܛܽܘܠܳܐ ܕܚܰܒܶܠ ܗܰܝܟܰܠ ܥܳܒܽܘܕܳܐ ܘܶܐܢ ܕܶܝܢ ܡܶܬܬܒܰܥ ܩܳܛܽܘܠܳܐ ܠܰܘ ܕܰܠܡܰܢ ܩܰܛܶܠ ܢܰܦܫܳܐ ܡܶܫܪܳܐ ܫܪܳܗ̇ ܐܰܝܟ ܡܶܠܰܬܗܽܘܢ ܘܶܐܢ ܫܳܪܽܘܝܳܐ ܩܳܛܽܘܠܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܠܰܐܝܟܳܐ ܢܶܥܪܽܘܩ ܒܰܪ ܕܰܝܨܳܢ ܕܒܰܕܪܳܫܳܐ ܠܳܛܶܫ ܠܶܫܳܢܶܗ ܘܩܰܛܠܶܗ ܠܦܰܓܪܳܐ ܡܶܢ ܚܰܝ̈ܶܐ ܕܰܒܢܽܘܚܳܡܳܐ ܡܶܬܝܰܗܒܺܝܢ ܀܀܀ ܒܡܶܠܟܶܗ ܩܰܛܠܶܗ ܩܰܕܡܳܝܳܐ ܘܳܐܦ ܬܰܢܺܝܢܳܐ ܒܝܽܘܠܦܳܢܶܗ ܗܰܘ ܩܰܛܠܶܗ ܐܰܝܟ ܝܳܨܽܘܦܳܐ ܘܳܐܦ ܗܳܠܶܝܢ ܐܰܝܟ ܥܳܕܽܘܪ̈ܶܐ ܕܳܪ̈ܽܘܫܶܐ ܒܰܥܪܺܝܡܽܘܬܳܐ ܠܚܶܘܝܳܐ ܥܒܺܝܕܺܝܢ ܫܰܘܬܳܦ̈ܶܐ ܥܬܺܝܕܺܝܢ ܠܡܶܒܗܰܬ ܒܢܰܝ̈ ܚܶܘܝܳܐ ܐܰܝܟ ܐܰܒܽܘܗܽܘܢ ܩܰܕܡܳܝܳܐ ܒܗܰܕ̈ܳܡܶܐ ܘܪ̈ܶܓܫܰܝ ܦܰܓܪܳܐ ܝܳܠܦܳܐ ܢܰܦܫܳܐ ܟܽܠ ܛܳܒ̈ܳܢ ܘܶܐܢ ܦܰܓܪܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܣܰܢܝܳܐ ܐܰܝܟܰܢ ܬܶܦܠܽܘܚ ܒܺܐܝܕܶܗ ܛܳܒ̈ܳܬܳܐ ܘܶܐܢ ܒܰܟܝܳܢܶܗ ܕܰܓܳܠܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܐܰܝܟܰܢ ܩܽܘܫܬܳܐ ܬܺܐܠܰܦ ܒܶܗ ܕܠܳܐ ܝܳܗܒܺܝܢ ܠܶܗ ܠܽܐܘܡܳܢܳܐ ܡܳܐܢܳܐ ܕܢܽܘܟܪܳܝ ܠܰܥܒܳܕܶܗ ܠܳܐ ܓܶܝܪ ܟܳܬܶܒ ܟܳܬܽܘܒܳܐ ܣܶܦܪܳܐ ܒܣܰܝܦܶܗ ܕܰܐܟܳܪܳܐ ܘܳܐܦܠܳܐ ܨܳܝܰܪ ܨܰܝܳܪܳܐ ܒܝܰܕ ܡܰܣܳܪܶܗ ܕܢܰܓܳܪܳܐ ܘܠܳܐ ܐܳܣܝܳܐ ܡܰܐܣܶܐ ܥܰܝܢܳܐ ܒܥܽܘܩܣܳܐ ܣܰܢܝܳܐ ܕܥܶܩܰܪܒܳܐ ܘܠܳܐ ܡܶܡܬܽܘܡ ܓܳܙܰܪ ܫܽܘܚܢܳܐ ܒܓܰܪܡܳܐ ܕܚܶܘܝܳܐ ܘܚܰܪܡܳܢܳܐ ܟܽܠ ܡܶܕܶܡ ܓܶܝܪ ܬܰܩܢܳܐܺܝܬ ܒܡܳܐܢܳܐ ܕܰܡܚܰܝܶܢ ܠܶܗ ܘܰܒܪܶܓܫܳܐ ܕܰܡܫܰܘܬܶܦ ܠܶܗ ܡܶܬܬܰܩܰܢ ܦܳܪܽܘܫܳܐܺܝܬ ܐܳܦ ܦܰܓܪܳܐ ܐܶܢ ܕܰܚܛܺܝܬܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܠܰܝܬ ܕܰܡܨܶܐ ܡܶܙܕܰܕܰܩ ܒܶܗ ܙܰܕ̈ܺܝܩܶܐ ܕܶܐܬܢܰܨܰܚܘ̱ ܒܶܗ ܀܀܀
English
He also pursued the creator, the slayer of Abel, the body. The evil one began his chariot, which taught what is evil, his destruction, the image of the form of goodness, in the body of the serpent, which makes him serpentine. In his body the slayer learned to destroy the temple, the builder. And woe, the slayer is pursued, not because he killed the self, the beginning, its beginning, like their word, and woe, the creator was a slayer. Where did the son of Jesse flee, who in the school mocked his teacher and killed the body from life, which is given in fever? By his counsel he killed the first, and also the second by his teaching. That one he killed like a potter, and also these like helpers, the teachers in their youthfulness, made partners of the serpent, ready to shame the sons of the serpent, like their first father. In the limbs and senses of the body, the self learns all good things, and woe, the body is the helper, as it were. Good things are wrought by its hand, and woe, in its tears it is the deceiver, as it were, truth is learned in it, which is not given to the day. What is the tool of remembrance for its work? For the writer does not write a book with the sword of a farmer, nor does a painter paint with the saw of a carpenter, nor does a physician heal an eye with the crooked saw of a scorpion, nor does a butcher cut meat with the bone of a serpent and a hook. Everything, indeed, is properly with the tool that gives it life, and with the sense that shares in it, it is properly accomplished. Also the body, if it is sinful, there is none who can be justified in it, the righteous who were adorned in it.
dsc-305:4 · narrativemedium
Source
ܠܚܺܝܡܺܝܢ ܠܰܐܝܢܳܐ ܕܥܳܫܶܩ ܠܶܗ
English
He also pursued the serpent that oppressed him.
Citation. Tergwame, “Nisibis 51”, dsc-305:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/dsc-305#s1
Colophon. Source: syriac · licence: CC BY 4.0 · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0011 · generated 2026-11-15.