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Syriac · Other · mid-4th century

Nisibis 48

Ephrem the Syrian · syriac

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machine-draft · no human review 4 passages · 802 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

Nisibis 48 is a memrā (metrical homily) by Ephrem the Syrian, composed in Syriac during the mid-4th century. Written in 12-syllable couplets typical of Ephrem’s madrāšê, the work reflects on the Persian siege of Nisibis in 350 CE and engages typological exegesis of Old Testament figures, particularly the tribe of Levi, the Ark of the Covenant, and Moses’ rod. The text survives in a 6th-century manuscript (Vat. Syr. 109) and was later incorporated into the East Syriac liturgical tradition for the Feast of the Rogations. Its exact date is uncertain, but it likely dates to Ephrem’s final years in Nisibis (before 363) or shortly after his move to Edessa.

Nisibis 48 exemplifies Ephrem’s typological exegesis, linking Old Testament figures to Christian doctrines of resurrection and priesthood. Its incorporation into the East Syriac Rogations liturgy underscores its catechetical and penitential function. The work provides insight into 4th-century Syriac Christianity’s response to political crisis and its liturgical development, while its manuscript tradition highlights the challenges of textual transmission in late antiquity.

Historical context

Ephrem the Syrian (c. 306–373 CE) composed this memrā in Nisibis, a city on the Roman-Persian frontier, during a period of intense conflict between the Sasanian Empire and Rome. The work references the Persian siege of Nisibis in 350 CE, which Ephrem likely witnessed. After the city’s cession to Persia in 363, Ephrem relocated to Edessa, where he continued his literary activity. The memrā belongs to the Syriac Christian tradition, which developed in a Semitic linguistic and cultural milieu distinct from Greek-speaking Christianity. It was transmitted in the East Syriac liturgical tradition, used as a poetic reading for the Rogations (Ba‘ūtā d-Nīnwē), a penitential season. The base manuscript (Vat. Syr. 109) dates to the 6th century, but later scribal interventions are not systematically noted in the 1963 edition by Edmund Beck (CSCO 169–170). The work’s genre as a memrā (metrical homily) aligns with Ephrem’s broader corpus of madrāšê and liturgical poetry.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

23 commentary units 5 scripture4 term4 background4 structure3 caution1 parallel1 reception1 sense 0 derived notes 9 open questions 4 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: other in classical Syriac; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 4 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: syriac — CC BY 4.0

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
dsc-302:1 · narrativemedium
Source
ܘ ܒܰܪ ܩܳܠܶܗ ܐܰܦܪܰܥ ܘܐܬܶܥܰܠܰܡ ܫܰܒܛܶܗ ܕܠܶܘܳܝܳܐ ܕܨܶܒܝܳܢ ܥܶܠܳܝܳܐ ܢܰܚܡܶܗ ܕܢܳܟܶܣ ܒܶܗ ܐ̱ܪܳܙܳܐ ܕܢܽܘܚܳܡܳܐ ܠܚܶܫ ܠܰܢ ܒܫܰܠܝܽܘܬܶܗ ܦܺܐܪ̈ܶܐ ܐܳܦ ܛܰܪ̈ܦܶܐ ܠܒܶܫ ܗܘܳܐ ܒܦܶܪ̈ܥܰܘܗܝ ܡܝܰܒܶܒ ܗܘܳܐ ܕܠܰܐܗܪܽܘܢ ܐܙܶܕܰܕܰܩܘ ܠܒܽܘ̈ܫܶܐ ܕܟܽܘܡܪܽܘܬܳܐ ܀܀܀ ܙܶܕܩ̈ܶܐ ܕܬܶܫܡܫܬܳܐ ܥܽܘܢܺܝܬܳܐ: ܬܒܰܥ ܡܳܪܝ ܛܠܺܝܡܽܘܬܶܗ ܕܦܰܓܪܳܐ ܒܢܽܘܚܳܡܳܟ ܥܰܠܘ ܐܶܬܐܣܺܝܡܘ ܫ̈ܰܒܛܶܐ ܟܽܠܗܽܘܢ ܒܐ̱ܪܳܙ ܦܰܓܪܳܐ ܘܟܰܕ ܢܦܰܩܘ ܘܐܶܬܦܪܶܫܘ ܚܰܕ ܗܽܘ ܡܟܰܠܶܠ ܗܘܳܐ ܘܟܽܠܗܽܘܢ ܫܠܺܝܚܺܝܢ ܗܘܰܘ ܘܚܶܣܕܳܐ ܛܥܺܝܢܺܝܢ ܗܘܰܘ ܒܫܰܒܛܳܐ ܚܙܰܝ ܐ̱ܪܳܙܳܐ ܕܚܰܪܬܳܐ ܕܦܰܓܪ̈ܶܐ ܕܙܰܢܳܝ̈ܶܐ ܩܳܝܡܺܝܢ ܒܟܽܘܐܳܪܳܐ ܘܰܡܦܰܪܶܓ ܒܬܶܫܒܽܘܚܬܳܐ ܦܰܓܪܽܗܘܢ ܕܩܰܕܺܝܫ̈ܶܐ ܗܽܘ ܕܶܝܢ ܗܰܘ ܫܰܒܛܳܐ ܐܶܬܣܺܝܡ ܒܐܪܽܘܢܳܐ ܘܰܟܡܳܐ ܕܬܰܡܳܢ ܗܘܳܐ ܡܗܰܒܶܒ ܘܪܳܘܶܙ ܗܘܳܐ ܪܳܐܙܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܕܦܰܪܕܰܝܣܳܐ ܕܒܶܗ ܪܳܘܙܺܝܢ ܦܰܓܪ̈ܶܐ ܡܢܢܳܐ ܢܦܺܝܣ ܥܠܰܘܗܝ ܕܠܳܐ ܚܳܡܝ ܕܟܰܕ ܗܽܘ ܒܓܰܘ ܩܶܣܛܳܐ ܠܳܐ ܣܪܺܝ ܕܰܣܪܳܐ ܗܘܳܐ ܐ̱ܪܳܙܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܕܡܳܝܽܘ̈ܬܶܐ ܕܠܳܐ ܡܰܝܬܶܝܢ ܒܰܥܕܶܢ ܚܽܘܛܪܶܗ ܕܒܰܪ ܥܰܡܪܰܡ ܥܰܝ̈ܢܶܐ ܩܢܳܐ ܡܶܢ ܫܶܠܝ ܘܐܶܢ ܗܰܘ ܕܠܳܐ ܟܝܳܢܶܗ ܩܢܳܐ ܨܽܘܪܬܳܐ ܘܚ̈ܰܝܶܐ ܀܀܀
English
And the son of his voice He repaid and learned The tribe of Levi Of the high desire The seal of the priestly order in him The mystery of the resurrection He whispered to you in his tranquility Fruits and also leaves He was clothed With his branches he was making music That those who are not worthy of the altar Were justified For the vestments of the priesthood The rites of the service Ecclesiastical: Follow, my Lord, the youthfulness Of the body in your resurrection Upon it the tribes were placed All of them in the mystery of the body And when they went out and were separated One was crowning And all of them were sent And they were scattered in error In the tribe he saw the mystery Of the end Of the bodies of the righteous Standing in the tomb And he divides in praise The bodies of the saints That same tribe Was placed in the ark And as much as it desired It was budding and flourishing It is the mystery of paradise In which the bodies flourish A covering was spread over it Without seeing That when it is within the chest It did not spoil what was stored It is the mystery of the dead Who do not die in their tombs The staff of the son of Amram Roots stood from the dry wood And that which is not its nature Stood as an image and life
dsc-302:2 · narrativemedium
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ܦܰܓܪܳܐ ܟܡܳܐ ܬܶܫܦܰܪ ܨܽܘܪܬܳܐ ܕܒܰܟܝܳܢܶܗ ܚܽܘܛܪܳܐ ܚܰܝܳܐ ܘܰܪܚܶܫ ܒܡܶܠܬܳܐ ܘܐܶܢܗܽܘ ܕܠܳܐ ܥܝܳܕܶܗ ܩܢܳܐ ܗܘܳܐ ܕܠܳܐ ܕܺܝܠܶܗ ܦܰܓܪܳܐ ܟܡܳܐ ܢܶܦܢܶܐ ܠܕܺܝܠܶܗ ܒܢܽܘܚܳܡܳܐ ܡܽܘܫܶܐ ܢܛܰܪ ܓܰܪ̈ܡܶܐ ܘܰܬܒܰܪ ܫܕܳܐ ܠܽܘ̈ܚܶܐ ܝܰܬܺܝܪ ܡܶܢ ܠܽܘ̈ܚܶܐ ܫܠܰܕܳܐ ܡܙܰܝܰܚ ܗܘܳܐ ܠܽܘ̈ܚܶܐ ܚܠܳܦ ܠܽܘ̈ܚܶܐ ܓܠܰܦ ܗܘܳܐ ܕܢܰܠܶܦ ܗܘܳܐ ܕܠܳܐ ܗܘܳܐ ܠܢܽܘܚܳܡܳܐ ܡܙܰܡܢܰܢ ܠܰܘ ܕܶܝܢ ܐܚܪܺܝܢ ܦܰܓܪܳܐ ܚܠܳܦ ܗܰܘ ܕܠܳܥܳܙܳܪ ܢܦܰܩ ܗܘܳܐ ܕܢܰܘܕܰܥ ܗܘܳܐ ܕܗܳܢܰܘ ܕܡܶܬܢܰܚܰܡ ܐܶܢ ܐܢܳܫ ܩܰܪܶܒ ܗܘܳܐ ܠܓܰܪ̈ܡܶܐ ܒܓܰܘ ܕܰܒܪܳܐ ܟܬܰܒ ܛܰܡܐܶܗ ܡܽܘܫܶܐ ܕܠܳܐ ܛܰܡܐܽܘܗܝ ܓܰܪ̈ܡܶܐ ܐܰܪ̈ܒܥܺܝܢ ܫ̈ܢܺܝܢ ܗܰܠܶܟ ܡܺܝܬܳܐ ܒܡܰܫܪܺܝܬܳܐ ܐ̱ܪܳܙܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܨܳܪ ܬܰܡܳܢ ܠܥܺܕܬܳܐ ܕܒܳܗ̇ ܡܶܬܟܪܶܙ ܟܽܠܝܘܢ ܡܰܘܬܶܗ ܕܡܰܚܶܐ ܟܽܠ ܨܠܺܝܒܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܕܚܰܝܽܘܬܳܐ ܕܗܰܠܶܟ ܒܡܰܫܪܺܝܬܳܐ ܒܨܶܒܥܳܐ ܕܨܰܝܳܪܳܐ ܀܀܀
English
The body, how fair it is, the image of his fasting. The living rod stirred in the Word, and it stood, not by its nature, a staff that was not its own. The body, how it healed its own by the resurrection. Moses kept the bones and broke and cast away the tablets. More than the tablets, the corpse was adorned. Tablets in place of tablets, he engraved what he taught, that there was no resurrection. He silenced. Not, then, the last body, instead of that of Lazarus, came forth to make known that he who is buried if he were sick, drew near to the bones within the desert. Moses wrote his impurity, not the impurity of the bones. Forty years he walked, the dead one in the camp. A mystery he sealed, a type for the Church, in which is proclaimed the cessation of the death of him who revives all. The cross is the life-giver that walked in the camp by the finger of the painter.
dsc-302:3 · narrativemedium
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ܘܥܽܘܬܪܳܐ ܕܣܰܡ̈ܡܳܢܶܐ ܡܶܬܬܨܺܝܪ ܨܠܶܡ ܡܰܠܟܳܐ ܘܡܶܛܽܘܠ ܕܰܒܠܳܐ ܠܶܗ ܡܶܬܚܫܶܠ ܒܐܽܘܡ̈ܳܢܶܐ ܨܰܠܡܳܐ ܕܠܳܐ ܒܳܠܶܐ ܡ̈ܰܠܟܶܐ ܠܨܰܠܡ̈ܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܡܪܰܡܪܡܺܝܢ ܡܰܢܽܘ ܚܙܳܐ ܡܰܠܟܳܐ ܕܐܶܬܡܙܰܓ ܒܓܰܘ ܨܰܠܡܶܗ ܠܒܶܫ ܝܽܘܩܢܶܗ ܝܺܬܶܒ ܕܒܶܗ ܢܶܣܬܓܶܕ ܨܰܠܡܶܗ ܐܚܪܺܢܳܐ ܥܒܰܕ ܨܰܠܡܳܐ ܕܶܫܬܺܝܢ ܘܫܶܬ ܐܰܡ̈ܺܝܢ ܘܟܰܕ ܗܽܘ ܙܥܽܘܪܳܐ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܒܨܰܠܡܳܐ ܨܒܳܐ ܕܢܺܐܪܰܒ ܟܰܢܶܫ ܠܗܰܘ ܨܰܠܡܶܗ ܣܶܓܕܬܳܐ ܕܶܐܬܟܣܰܣܬ ܡܳܪܰܢ ܥܒܰܕ ܬܶܗܪܳܐ ܒܡܰܐܬܝܶܗ ܕܟܰܕ ܗܽܘ ܕܠܳܐ ܣܰܟܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܒܨܰܠܡܳܐ ܙܥܰܪ ܫܺܝܛܳܐ ܘܟܰܢܶܫ ܒܗܰܘ ܨܰܠܡܳܐ ܣܶܓܕܬܳܐ ܡܒܰܕܰܪܬܳܐ ܐܳܕܳܡ ܗܦܰܟ ܠܐܰܪܥܶܗ ܘܰܥܒܰܕ ܕܝܰܬܩܺܐ ܟܬܰܒ ܚܳܒ ܠܶܗ ܣܰܓܺܝ ܠܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܘܠܰܚܛܺܝܬܳܐ ܒܰܥܒܳܪ ܦܽܘܩܕܳܢܳܐ ܛܰܒܥܶܗ ܠܡܰܫܟܢܳܐ ܡܳܪܰܢ ܐܶܬܳܐ ܦܰܪܩܶܗ ܘܢܰܚܡܶܗ ܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܗܦܰܟ ܘܰܟܬܰܒ ܘܥܶܪܒܰܬ ܫܝܽܘܠ ܥܰܡܶܗ ܀܀܀
English
The richness of the poisons is depicted in the image of the king, and by the casting of the lot against him, he is measured in the signs. The image that does not cease, the kings exalt their images. How long did the king see, who was mingled within his image? He put on his yoke, sitting, that in it his image might be worshipped. Another made an image of the six and the six hundred, and when he was small, he desired to be joined with the image. He darkened that image of his, the worship that was covered. The Lord made a wonder at his coming, that when he was without measure, in the image the rogue diminished, and he darkened in that image the worship that was scattered. Adam turned his land and made a testament; he wrote much debt for himself, for death and for sin, by the transgression of the commandment. He sealed the tabernacle. The Lord came to save him and to warm him. Death turned and wrote, and Sheol mingled with him.
dsc-302:4 · narrativemedium
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ܕܟܽܠ ܡܳܐ ܕܒܰܙܘ̱ ܘܰܚܛܰܦܘ̱ ܢܶܦܢܽܘܢ ܒܢܽܘܚܳܡܳܐ ܐܶܠܥܳܐ ܕܚܰܘܳܐ ܬܽܘܒ ܡܶܢܳܗ̇ ܘܒܳܗ̇ ܣܶܓܝܰܬ ܓܰܪܡܳܐ ܓܣܳܐ ܓܰܪ̈ܡܶܐ ܘܪ̈ܶܓܫܶܐ ܘܫܰܪ̈ܝܳܢܶܐ ܫܒܶܫܬܳܐ ܗ̱ܝ ܕܡܶܢ ܐܳܕܳܡ ܕܒܳܗ̇ ܗܽܘ ܟܣܶܐ ܫܽܘܦܪܶܗ ܕܒܰܝܬܳܐ ܕܗܳܐ ܥܰܦܪܳܗ̇ ܒܓܰܘ ܫܝܽܘܠ ܟܡܳܐ ܟܰܝ ܕܠܺܝܠܳܐ ܠܶܗ ܠܰܐܪܕܺܟܠܳܐ ܕܟܽܠܳܐ ܕܡܶܢܶܗ ܘܒܶܗ ܢܶܒܢܶܝܘܗ̱ܝ ܒܪܶܡܙܳܐ ܕܡܶܐܬܺܝܬܶܗ ܡܰܘܠܕܺܝܢ ܒܓܰܘ ܡܰܝ̈ܳܐ ܢܽܘ̈ܢܶܐ ܕܠܳܐ ܪ̈ܰܚܡܶܐ ܘܝܰܡܳܐ ܕܩܳܛܽܘܠܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܒܥܽܘܡܩܰܘ̈ܗ̱ܝ ܠܗܽܘܢ ܡܰܚܶܐ ܘܟܰܕ ܛܳܒ ܡܰܪܺܝܪܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܒܥܽܘܒܰܘ̈ܗ̱ܝ ܠܗܶܝܢ ܡܰܝܢܶܩ ܟܽܠܗܶܝܢ ܠܡܳܪܳܐ ܟܽܠ ܡܩܰܠܣܳܢ ܕܢܽܘ̈ܢܶܐ ܒܓܰܘ ܝܰܡܳܐ ܕܳܝܨܺܝܢ ܒܡܺܝܬܽܘܬܶܗ ܘܶܐܢ ܗܽܘ ܕܰܣܠܶܩܘ̱ ܠܳܐܐܰܪ ܐܶܬܚܢܶܩܘ̱ ܒܚܰܝܽܘܬܳܐ ܠܳܐ ܟܺܝܬ ܢܶܦܗܽܘܢܳܟ ܩ̈ܳܠܶܐ ܕܠܳܐ ܣܰܒܪܳܐ ܕܚܰܕ ܗܽܘ ܕܶܐܢ ܦܩܰܕ ܠܚ̈ܰܝܶܐ ܡܰܡܺܝܬܺܝܢ ܠܳܟ ܘܗܽܘܝܽܘ ܕܶܐܢ ܪܳܡܶܙ ܠܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܡܢܰܚܶܡ ܠܳܟ ܒܓܰܙܳܐ ܕܨܶܒܝܳܢܶܗ ܫܟܺܝܚ ܟܽܠ ܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܠܙܰܕܺܝ̈ܩܶܐ ܫܶܢܬܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܒܩܰܒܪ̈ܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܘܚܰܝ̈ܶܐ ܠܚ̈ܰܛܳܝܶܐ ܩܳܛܠܺܝܢ ܒܓܺܗܰܢܳܐ
English
of all that they plundered and looted, they are cast in the balance, the lot that shows again her and in her is abundant. Bone gnaws bones, and sinews and tendons, the week is that which came from Adam, in which he covered his shame, of the house whose dust is now within Sheol. How long, then, is the night for him, for the archangel of all, whose measure and in him they sought him, by the sign of his coming, he gives birth within the waters, monsters without mercy, and the sea that was a killer, in its depths it gives life to them, and when it is very bitter, in its waves it constrains them. All of them to the Lord all, praise, of monsters within the sea, they dwell in his death, and if they ascended to the land, they were strangled by life. There is no escape for you, voices without hope, of one who if he commanded, he would make life deadly for you, and he who if he signaled, he would make death warm for you. In the treasure of his will, all is found. Death for the righteous, an hour in their graves, and life for sinners, kills them in Gehenna.
Citation. Tergwame, “Nisibis 48”, dsc-302:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/dsc-302#s1
Colophon. Source: syriac · licence: CC BY 4.0 · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0028 · generated 2026-11-15.