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Syriac · Other · mid-4th century

Nisibis 44

Ephrem the Syrian · syriac

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machine-draft · no human review 3 passages · 796 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

Nisibis 44 is a collection of verse homilies (memre) attributed to Ephrem the Syrian, composed in Syriac during the mid-4th century. The title reflects modern editorial numbering, not an ancient designation. The memre explore themes such as the relationship between body and soul, divine judgment, and polemics against dualist cosmologies. The text survives in multiple manuscripts, with this edition based on a single witness, and may contain scribal errors. The collection was widely used in East Syriac liturgy and catechesis, and its numbering likely reflects later liturgical ordering.

Nisibis 44 provides insight into Ephrem's theological and poetic methods, particularly his anti-dualist polemics and anthropology of body and soul. The collection's liturgical use underscores its importance in shaping East Syriac spirituality. Its survival in multiple manuscripts attests to its enduring influence, though textual variants and scribal errors require careful study.

Historical context

Ephrem the Syrian (c. 306–373 CE) was a prominent theologian and poet of the early Syriac Christian tradition, active in Nisibis and later Edessa. The memre in Nisibis 44 were composed in Syriac, the liturgical language of the Syriac churches, during a period of theological controversy, including conflicts with dualist movements like Manichaeism and Bardaisanism. Some memre may reflect the Persian siege of Nisibis in the 350s, but the precise dating of individual pieces is uncertain. The collection was compiled after Ephrem's death and transmitted through multiple manuscripts, with this edition based on a single witness. The memre were used in East Syriac liturgy and catechesis, and the numbering (44) likely stems from later liturgical ordering rather than Ephrem's original sequence. The text survives without translation or commentary, and readers must consult other resources for interpretation.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

17 commentary units 4 term3 structure3 background3 scripture3 caution1 sense 0 derived notes 4 open questions 3 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: other in classical Syriac; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 3 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: syriac — CC BY 4.0

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
dsc-298:1 · narrativehigh
Source
ܒ ܒܰܪ ܩܳܠܶܗ ܛܳܒܳܐ ܓܒܼܰܠ ܦܰܓܪܳܐ ܕܢܰܠܶܦ ܠܛܳܥܰܝ̈ܳܐ ܟܡܳܐ ܪܰܒ ܥܒܳܕ ܐܺܝ̈ܕܰܘܗ̱ܝ ܘܰܠܥܳܠܡܺܝܢ ܩܰܝܳܡ ܟܺܐܢܳܐ ܢܦܼܰܚ ܢܰܦܫܳܐ ܕܢܰܠܶܦ ܟܡܳܐ ܪܰܒܳܐ ܡܶܢ ܗܳܝ ܕܚܰܝ̈ܘܳܬܳܐ ܕܠܳܐ ܢܦܼܰܚ ܗܳܝ ܓܶܝܪ ܕܠܳܐ ܢܦܺܝܚܳܐ ܦܽܘܡܳܗ̇ ܫܠܶܐ ܘܰܚܼܪܰܫ ܘܗܳܕܶܐ ܕܰܢܦܰܚ ܦܽܘܡܶܗ ܦܽܘܡܳܗ̇ ܐܳܦ ܡܰܠܳܠܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܥܽܘܢܺܝܬܳܐ: ܢܰܦܫܳܐ ܘܦܰܓܪܳܐ ܡܳܪܝ̱ ܢܶܚܕܽܘܢ ܒܢܽܘܚܳܡܳܟ ܬܩܽܘܠܳܝܗ̱ܝ ܠܒܰܪܢܳܫܳܐ ܥܰܡܗܶܝܢ ܕܚܰܝ̈ܘܳܬܳܐ ܒܟ̈ܰܦܶܐ ܕܒܽܘܝܳܢܳܐ ܘܰܚܙܳܝܘܗ̱ܝ ܒܪܶܥܝܳܢܳܐ ܕܰܐܝܟܰܢ ܕܗܼܺܝ ܒܥܺܝܪܳܐ ܡܢܳܬܳܐ ܗ̱ܝ ܕܚܽܘܒܳܠܳܐ ܘܥܳܒܽܘܪܬܳܐ ܗ̱ܝ ܟܽܠܳܗ̇ ܒܟܽܠ ܐܶܣܟܺܝܡ ܗܳܟܰܢ ܐܳܦ ܐ̱ܢܳܫܽܘܬܳܐ ܣܺܝܡܬܳܐ ܗ̱ܝ ܕܢܽܘܛܪܳܐ ܟܽܠܳܗ̇ ܒܢܽܘܚܳܡܳܐ ܡܢܳܬܳܐ ܗ̱ܝ ܕܚܰܝܽܘܬܳܐ ܀܀܀ ܚܽܘܪ ܬܽܘܒ ܒܪܽܘܟܳܒܳܐ ܕܺܝܠܗܶܝܢ ܕܚܰܝ̈ܘܳܬܳܐ ܘܰܚܙܳܝ ܕܫܰܠܶܡ ܗ̱ܽܘ ܠܝܳܬܶܗ ܒܟܽܠܡܶܕܶܡ ܟܽܠܶܗ ܫܘܶܐ ܒܗܳܕܶܐ ܕܟܽܠܶܗ ܕܠܳܐ ܣܰܒܪܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܕܢܰܟܶܣ ܠܛܳܥܰܝ̈ܳܐ ܕܦܰܠܓܽܘܗ̱ܝ ܟܝܳܢܶܗ ܕܒܰܪܢܳܫܳܐ ܕܟܰܕ ܗ̱ܽܘ ܫܘܶܐ ܣܳܡܽܘܗ̱ܝ ܦܰܠܓܶܗ ܬܚܶܝܬ ܣܰܒܪܳܐ ܘܦܰܠܓܶܗ ܕܠܳܐ ܣܰܒܪܳܐ ܣܳܗܕܳܐ ܠܦܽܘܪܥܳܢܰܢ ܒܥܺܝܪܳܐ ܕܡܶܬܛܰܠܡܳܐ ܕܥܰܡܠܳܗ̇ ܕܠܳܐ ܣܰܒܪܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܘܪܶܗܛܳܗ̇ ܕܠܳܐ ܐܰܓܪܳܐ ܘܚܰܫܶܗ ܕܠܳܐ ܡܽܘܠܟܳܢ ܘܟܽܠܳܗ̇ ܕܠܳܐ ܢܽܘܚܳܡ ܕܢܰܠܶܦ ܠܒܰܪܢܳܫܳܐ ܕܬܶܛܦܺܝܣ ܕܰܬܪ̈ܶܝܢ ܒܚܰܕ ܢܺܝܪܳܐ ܪܶܗܛܗܽܘܢ ܕܟܽܘܠܳܠܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܥܰܡܠܗܽܘܢ ܕܡܽܘܠܟܳܢܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܘܚܰܫܗܽܘܢ ܕܢܰܨܺܝܚܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܗܳܐ ܕܶܝܢ ܬܪ̈ܶܝܢ ܫܰܪ̈ܒܺܝܢ ܡܶܬܬܰܠܝܳܢ ܒܚܰܠܳܫܳܐ ܕܰܢܦܺܝܣ ܥܰܠ ܪܶܗܛܳܐ ܛܠܺܝܡܳܐ ܕܚ̈ܰܝܘܳܬܳܐ ܘܕܰܢܦܺܝܣ ܥܰܠ ܐܰܓܪܳܐ ܡܠܺܝܟܳܐ ܕܒܰܪܢܳܫܳܐ ܘܕܰܢܦܺܝܣ ܕܠܳܐ ܥܽܘܠ ܒܶܪܝܳܢ ܕܰܡܠܶܟ ܠܒܰܪܢܳܫܳܐ ܀܀܀
English
In the voice of his son, the good one created the body, which teaches the erring how great is the work of his hands. And for the worlds, the enduring one, the troubled one breathed forth the soul, which teaches how great a thing is from that of the beasts, which did not breathe. For that which is not breathed, its mouth is silent and mute, but this one which breathed, its mouth is also a speaker. A discourse: The soul and the body, my Lord, rejoice in your power. Weigh their worth for the human alongside that of the beasts, in the scales of judgment, and see them in the pasture, how like that of the brute. It is a gift of nature, and it is entirely a creature in every form. Thus also the art of living is a treasure of virtue, entirely in power, it is a gift of life. Look again at the composition of the beasts, and see that it was complete in its essence in every way. It is entirely equal in this, that it is entirely without reason, which concealed from the erring that they divided the nature of the human, so that when they set it as equal, they divided it: half under reason, and half without reason. A witness to the reward in the brute that is trained, that its labor is without reason, and its running without wage, and its suffering without recompense, and all of it without power, which teaches the human to be convinced that two in one yoke, their running is of exhaustion, their labor is of recompense, and their suffering is of victory. Behold, then, two species are suspended in weakness, that it is fitting for the running, the exhausted one of the beasts, and that it is fitting for the wage, the gentle one of the human, and that it is fitting without injustice, the creation which counsels the human.
dsc-298:2 · narrativemedium
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ܓܰܢܬܳܐ ܘܓܺܗܰܢܳܐ ܘܰܐܣܓܺܝ ܠܚܰܝ̈ܘܳܬܳܐ ܢܝ̈ܳܚܶܐ ܕܠܳܐ ܚܰܘ̈ܒܶܐ ܚܽܘܪ ܬܽܘܒ ܒܚܰܝ̈ܘܳܬܳܐ ܕܠܳܐ ܐܶܬܐܶܠܶܨ ܘܰܐܘܙܶܦ ܡܶܕܶܡ ܠܰܐܠܳܗܳܐ ܕܢܺܐܡܰܪ ܕܡܶܬܛܰܠܡܳܢ ܦܰܓܪܳܐ ܐܰܠܺܝܨ ܕܰܐܘܙܶܦ ܨܰܘܡܶܗ ܠܟܺܐܢܽܘܬܳܐ ܘܶܐܢ ܠܰܝܬ ܠܶܗ ܢܽܘܚܳܡ ܐܶܬܛܠܶܡ ܘܛܳܒ ܡܶܢ ܕܡܶܗ ܕܗܳܒܶܝܠ ܫܶܬܩܶܗ ܒܓܰܘ ܐܰܪܥܳܐ ܓܳܥܶܐ ܥܰܠ ܓܽܘܥܠܳܢܶܗ ܩܕܳܡܰܘܗ̱ܝ ܕܰܦܪܰܥ ܟܽܠ ܩܳܛܽܘܠ ܚܰܝܽܘܬܳܐ ܘܺܝܠܶܦ ܕܠܳܐ ܐܺܝܬ ܕܩܳܛܶܠ ܠܳܟ ܕܥܳܒܽܘܪܬܳܐ ܗ̱ܝ ܢܰܦܫܳܗ̇ ܥܰܡܶܗ ܕܗܰܘ ܦܰܓܪܳܐ ܘܠܳܐ ܐܺܝܬ ܒܳܗ̇ ܡܶܕܶܡ ܕܐܶܬܳܐ ܠܢܽܘܚܳܡܳܐ ܡܶܠܬܳܐ ܗ̱ܝ ܕܟܽܠ ܚܶܪܝܳܢ ܫܪܳܝܳܐ ܕܰܐܝܟܰܢ ܕܚܰܝ̈ܘܳܬܳܐ ܕܢܰܦܫܗܶܝܢ ܐܰܝܟ ܦܰܓܪ̈ܰܝܗܶܝܢ ܗܳܟܰܢ ܥܬܺܝܕ ܦܰܓܪܰܢ ܕܢܺܚܳܐ ܒܪܳܙ ܢܰܦܫܰܢ ܟܬܳܒ̈ܶܐ ܠܦܳܪ̈ܽܘܫܶܐ ܟܝܳܢܳܐ ܠܟܳܦܽܘܪ̈ܶܐ ܡܰܠܶܦ ܕܥܳܒܽܘܪܳܐ ܡܶܬܢܰܛܰܪ ܡܠܶܐ ܙܰܒܢܳܐ ܘܰܐܝܢܳܐ ܕܠܳܐ ܥܳܒܰܪ ܠܥܳܠܰܡ ܕܢܽܘܛܳܪܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܘܰܐܝܢܳܐ ܕܩܳܛܶܠ ܠܶܗ ܡܶܬܩܛܶܠ ܫܪܳܝܶܗ ܡܦܺܝܣ ܕܳܐܦ ܗ̱ܽܘ ܩܰܒܥܶܗ ܠܥܳܠܰܡ ܗܳܘܶܐ ܐܰܬܠܺܝܛ ܒܟܽܠ ܡܶܢ ܟܽܠ ܚܶܘܝܳܐ ܕܰܢܟܶܠ ܘܰܫܪܳܝܗ̱ܝ ܗܳܐ ܓܶܝܪ ܦܳܪܰܚܬܳܐ ܘܢܽܘ̈ܢܶܐ ܘܚܰܝ̈ܘܳܬܳܐ ܒܒܽܘܪܟܬܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܡܶܬܢܰܟܣܶܝܢ ܘܒܳܗ̇ ܬܽܘܒ ܡܶܬܐܰܟܠܶܝܢ ܒܳܗ̇ ܡܶܬܚܨܶܕ ܙܰܪܥܳܐ ܒܳܗ̇ ܡܶܬܩܛܶܦ ܦܺܐܪܳܐ ܘܠܳܐ ܡܶܬܠܺܝܛ ܕܢܰܟܼܶܣ ܐܰܘ ܩܼܛܰܦ ܘܶܐܢ ܗܽܘ ܕܚܽܘܒܳܠܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܦܰܓܪܶܗ ܕܒܰܪ ܐ̱ܢܳܫܳܐ ܠܡܰܢ ܡܶܬܠܺܝܛ ܐܰܘ ܠܺܝܛ ܚܶܘܝܳܐ ܘܩܳܛܽܘܠܳܐ ܙܰܪܥܳܐ ܕܥܳܦ ܘܰܢܬܰܪ ܦܺܐܪܳܐ ܕܦܰܓ ܘܦܰܟܶܗ ܪܺܝܫܺܝܢ ܠܦܰܠܳܚܳܐ ܕܰܐܘܚܰܪ ܘܠܳܐ ܩܰܛܦܶܗ ܘܠܳܐ ܐܰܫܠܚܶܗ ܘܦܰܪܫܶܗ ܠܙܰܪܥܳܐ ܡܶܢ ܓܰܘ ܬܶܒܢܳܐ ܙܳܕܶܩ ܐܰܝܟ ܡܶܠܰܬܗܽܘܢ ܕܢܶܬܪܫܶܐ ܐܰܝܢܳܐ ܕܠܳܐ ܩܳܛܶܠ ܠܣܳܒܳܐ ܕܦܰܟܶܗ ܛܰܥܡܶܗ ܕܢܶܫܪܳܐ ܡܶܢ ܗܳܝ ܢܰܦܫܳܐ
English
the body and the soul, and he added to the beasts breaths without sin. Look again at the beasts, which were not constrained and added nothing to God. He who says that the constrained body, which added its fast to sorrow, is to be compared, and there is no profit for it, is to be compared. And better than the blood of Abel, his silence in the earth cries out for his redemption before the one who repays all. The killer of beasts learned that there is none who kills you, for the grave is itself with that body, and there is nothing in it that comes to profit. It is the word that all are free, the beginning, that as the beasts themselves are like their bodies, so too is the body destined to be like its soul in mystery. The scriptures for the separators, nature for the deniers, teach that the grave is filled with time, and that which does not pass to the world of profit is that which kills itself. Its beginning, the reconciler, adds that its end is to the world, it is contentious with all. The serpent that ate and its beginning, for here is the flying one and the birds and beasts, are covered by the blessing, and in it again they are eaten. In it the seed is reaped, in it the fruit is plucked, and it is not contentious whether it covers or plucks. And if that which is of destruction is the body of the son of man, to what is it contentious or not? The serpent and the killer, the seed that flew and multiplied, the fruit that ripened and sweetened, their heads to the farmer who delayed and did not pluck it, and did not strip it and separate the seed from within the ear. It is fitting according to your word that it be healed. That which does not kill the old man who sweetened its taste, that it might be loosed from that same one.
dsc-298:3 · narrativemedium
Source
ܐܰܣܽܘܪܶܗ ܕܝܰܩܺܝܪܳܐ ܘܟܽܠܶܗ ܕܡܶܫܬܰܒܩܺܝܢ ܣ̈ܳܒܶܐ ܕܠܳܐ ܚܫܰܚܘ̱ ܀܀܀ ܕܢܺܠܰܦ ܒܗܽܘܢ ܛܳܒܳܐ ܫܪܳܪܳܐ ܠܟܰܕܳܒ̈ܶܐ ܕܟܰܕ ܛܳܒ ܗ̱ܽܘ ܣܰܝܦܳܐ ܠܣܳܒܳܐ ܡܢܺܝܚܳܢܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܥܠܰܝܡܳܐ ܕܢܰܥܶܓ ܠܶܗ ܡܶܬܢܰܥܰܓ ܡܚܰܒܶܠ ܠܛܰܠܝܽܘܬܳܐ ܕܚܰܒܠܰܬ ܠܣܰܝܒܽܘܬܳܐ ܕܢܺܠܰܦ ܟܡܳܐ ܚܰܒܺܝܒ ܦܰܓܪܳܐ ܠܓܳܒܽܘܠܶܗ ܣܳܒܳܐ ܕܟܽܠ ܡܽܘ̈ܡܺܝܢ ܡܰܘܒܠܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܕܥܳܩ̈ܳܬܳܐ ܠܡܰܘܬܶܗ ܡܣܰܟܶܐ ܟܽܠ ܘܠܳܐ ܐܺܝܬ ܕܩܳܛܶܠ ܠܶܗ ܕܟܰܕ ܛܳܒ ܪܚܺܝܡ ܡܰܘܬܶܗ ܣܰܓܺܝ ܕܚܰܝܶܠ ܩܰܛܠܶܗ ܕܢܺܠܰܦ ܒܫܺܝܛܽܘܬܶܗ ܟܡܳܐ ܫܒܺܝܚ ܘܕܰܟܡܳܐ ܡܝܰܩܰܪ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܟܰܕ ܗ̱ܽܘ ܒܦܰܪܕܰܝܣܳܐ ܘܕܰܟܡܳܐ ܗ̱ܝ ܬܶܫܒܽܘܚܬܶܗ ܡܳܐ ܕܩܳܡ ܘܶܐܬܢܰܚܰܡ
English
He imprisoned the heavy one, and all of the one who is to be left behind. The elders who were not sufficient. He learned from them the good. Truth to liars, for when the sword was good, it was gentle to the elder. The youth who hastened himself is amazed. He destroys childhood, which destroyed old age. He learned how beloved the body is to its creator. The elder of all the days is a bearer of afflictions. Everyone covers his death, and there is no one who kills him. For when he loves his death, many kill him by force. He learned in his foolishness how glorious he was, and how honored he was when he was in Paradise, and how great his praise was when he arose and was troubled.
Citation. Tergwame, “Nisibis 44”, dsc-298:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/dsc-298#s1
Colophon. Source: syriac · licence: CC BY 4.0 · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0024 · generated 2026-11-15.