ት Tergwame Greek · Coptic · Ethiopic · Syriac · Armenian · Georgian · Latin

Syriac · Other · mid-4th century

Nisibis 30

Ephrem the Syrian · syriac

BothSourceEnglish
JSON Dossier
machine-draft · no human review 3 passages · 695 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

Nisibis 30 is a Syriac poem traditionally attributed to Ephrem the Syrian, composed during his final decade in Nisibis (c. 350–363). It reflects the city's siege and civic crisis, functioning as a communal lament. The text survives in a single manuscript family with scribal interpolations in strophes 12–14. It is used in the East Syrian liturgical cycle for the Fast of the Ninevites, which influenced stanza selection. The poem invokes biblical figures like Moses and Daniel as exemplars of purity in foreign courts, and uses animal metaphors for moral transformation. The Syriac term qeshtā (bow) appears as a recurring symbol of divine judgment.

Nisibis 30 exemplifies Ephrem's poetic response to communal trauma, blending biblical typology with local crisis. Its liturgical use underscores its role in shaping East Syrian penitential practice. The work relates to other Syriac madrashe and the broader tradition of lament literature in late antique Christianity.

Historical context

The work is set in Nisibis during the mid-4th century, a period of tension between the Roman and Persian empires. Ephrem served as a deacon and teacher in the city until its cession to Persia in 363. The poem's internal references to siege and civic crisis align with historical events, such as the Persian siege of Nisibis in 350. The Syriac text was transmitted within East Syrian monastic communities, where it was incorporated into the liturgical cycle for the Fast of the Ninevites, a period of penitence. The manuscript tradition shows variant readings, indicating scribal activity. The poem's genre is a madrasha (teaching hymn), common in Ephrem's corpus, and it engages with biblical typology and moral exhortation.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

17 commentary units 4 scripture3 term3 background2 sense2 caution2 structure1 parallel 0 derived notes 5 open questions 3 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: other in classical Syriac; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 3 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: syriac — CC BY 4.0

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
dsc-284:1 · narrativemedium
Source
ܘ ܒܰܪ ܩܳܠܶܗ ܘܰܐܝܟܰܢ ܕܰܚ̈ܛܶܐ ܒܶܪܝ̱ ܡܰܐܕܰܬܓܡܰܪ ܫܰܠܚܳܝܗ̱ܝ ܠܥܽܘܪܳܐ ܕܠܳܐ ܙܳܕܶܩ ܕܰܗܘܼܳܐ ܚܠܺܝܛ ܒܗܶܝܢ ܗܳܟܰܢ ܫܠܼܰܚܘ̱ ܟܺܐܢ̈ܶܐ ܡܶܕܶܡ ܕܠܳܐ ܥܰܕܰܪ ܥܽܘܢܺܝܬܳܐ: ܫܽܘܒܚܳܐ ܠܡܳܪܽܘܬܳܟ ܡܽܘܫܶܐ ܘܕܳܢܺܝܐܶܝܠ ܡܗܺܝܪ̈ܶܐ ܘܚ̈ܰܟܺܝܡܶܐ ܝܰܘ̈ܢܶܐ ܕܶܐܬܥܪܰܡ ܒܰܝܢܳܬ ܚܘ̈ܰܘܳܬܳܐ ܚܰܕ ܐܶܬܪܕܺܝ ܒܡܶܨܪܶܝܢ ܐ̱ܚܪܺܢܳܐ ܒܓܰܘ ܒܳܒܶܠ ܫܒܼܰܩ ܚܰܕ ܕܚ̈ܰܠܳܫܶܐ ܐ̱ܚܪܺܢܳܐ ܕܟܰܠܕ̈ܳܝܶܐ ܚܶܟܡܬܳܐ ܕܒܰܟܝܳܢܳܐ ܫܰܘܬܶܦܘ̱ ܠܫܰܒܪܽܘܬܳܐ ܒܰܕܡܽܘܬ ܢܰܗܺܝܪܳܐ ܐ̱ܚܝܳܢܳܐ ܕܒ̈ܳܒܳܬܳܐ ܨܢܺܝܥܺܝܢ ܒܪܺܝܪܺܝܢ ܗ̱ܘܰܘ ܥܪܺܝܡܺܝܢ ܦܫܺܝܛܺܝܢ ܗ̱ܘܰܘ ܫܦܶܝܢ ܗ̱ܘܰܘ ܘܦܳܪܽܘܫܺܝܢ ܡܗܺܝܪܺܝܢ ܘܬܰܡܺܝܡܺܝܢ ܚܙܰܘ ܛܳܒܬܳܐ ܠܰܒܫܽܘܗ̇ ܚܙܰܘ ܒܺܝܫܬܳܐ ܫܰܠܚܽܘܗ̇ ܘܰܐܝܟ ܐ̱ܢܳܫܳܐ ܕܠܳܐ ܪܕܳܐ ܒܽܐܘܪܚܳܐ ܕܠܳܐ ܝܳܕܰܥ ܠܳܐ ܝܳܕܥܺܝܢ ܗ̱ܘܰܘ ܠܳܗ̇ ܠܽܐܘܪܚܶܗ ܕܚܶܫܽܘܟܳܐ ܒܰܚܕܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܡܦܣܺܝܢ ܗ̱ܘܰܘ ܐܽܘܪܚܶܗ ܕܢܰܗܺܝܪܳܐ ܠܘܳܬ ܒܺܝܫܬܳܐ ܫܰܒܪ̈ܶܐ ܠܘܳܬ ܪܶܓܬܳܐ ܚܣ̈ܺܝܠܶܐ ܛ̈ܠܳܝܶܐ ܠܪܳܡܽܘܬܳܐ ܓܡܺܝܪ̈ܶܐ ܠܘܳܠܺܝܬܳܐ ܛܰܪ̈ܩܶܐ ܠܙܰܗܝܽܘܬܳܐ ܘܢܰܟ̈ܦܶܐ ܠܕܰܟܝܽܘܬܳܐ ܡܰܢܽܘ ܚܙܳܐ ܡܶܢ ܡܬܽܘܡ ܕܺܐܒ̈ܶܐ ܕܪ̈ܰܒܳܢܶܐ ܗܘܰܘ ܠܶܐܡܪ̈ܶܐ ܢܰܟ̈ܦܶܐ ܠܝܰܘ̈ܢܶܐ ܚ̈ܘܰܘܳܬܳܐ ܘܰܠܨܰܦܪܳܐ ܢ̈ܶܨܶܐ ܕܢܺܐܠܦܽܘܢ ܥܝ̈ܳܕܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܒܺܝܫܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܚܼܠܰܛ ܐܰܚܰܝ̈ ܡܶܐܪܬܶܗ ܒܚܰܠܝܽܘܬܳܐ ܘܚܶܫܟܶܗ ܒܢܰܗܺܝܪܳܐ ܘܙܺܐܦܶܗ ܒܓܰܘ ܩܽܘܫܬܳܐ ܘܒܶܝܫܬܶܗ ܒܛܰܝܒܽܘܬܳܐ ܘܥܰܘܠܶܗ ܒܟܺܐܢܽܘܬܳܐ ܡܳܐܢ̈ܶܐ ܓܒܳܐ ܗܘܳܐ ܠܶܗ ܕܟܰܝ̈ܳܐ ܘܩܰܕܺܝ̈ܫܶܐ ܘܰܢܣܼܰܟ ܒܗܽܘܢ ܬܶܛܪܶܗ ܣܝܳܢܶܗ ܡܠܳܐ ܐܶܢܽܘܢ ܝܽܘܠܦܳܢ ܚܰܪ̈ܳܫܶܐ ܘܡܺܐܡܪܳܐ ܕܟܰܠܕ̈ܳܝܶܐ ܘܰܐܓܰܪ ܘܰܐܘܚܰܪ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܬܰܛܪܶܗ ܒܕܰܟܝܽܘܬܳܐ
English
And his voice resounded. And as though I were a sinner, he sent forth his arrows to wound the one who ought not to have been mixed with her. Thus the afflicted sent forth something that did not avail. Wickedness: praise to your lordship. Moses and Daniel, swift and wise, youths who were instructed in the houses of serpents. One was cast down in Egypt, another within Babylon. One left the feeble, another the Chaldeans. The wisdom of the pure one they joined to youthfulness. In the likeness of the shining one, the living one of the fathers. They were pure, they were chosen, they were cunning, they were simple. They were smooth and distinct, swift and complete. They saw good, they put it on; they saw evil, they cast it off. And like a blind man who does not know the way, they did not know the way of darkness. In one they were walking the way of light. Toward evil, youths; toward desire, the weak; youths toward height, the perfect toward lowness; the reckless toward purity, and the hungry toward cleanliness. Slowly he saw from the beginning that the wolves of the teachers were lambs, the hungry were youths, serpents, and in the morning, trees that had learned their habits. Evil is what he mixed, my brothers, his poison with sweetness, and his darkness with light, and his foam within truth, and his evil with goodness, and his injustice with affliction. He chose vessels for himself, pure and holy, and placed in them his poison, his help, his fullness filled their eyes. The teaching of the magicians and the word of the Chaldeans, and he hired and delayed, his poison in purity.
dsc-284:2 · narrativemedium
Source
ܕܰܐܟܒܰܪ ܢܥܺܝܕ ܩܽܘܫܬܳܐ ܥܰܡܶܗ ܕܚܶܫܽܘܟܳܐ ܘܢܶܛܥܶܐ ܘܢܳܕܶܫ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܫܪܳܪܳܐ ܒܓܰܘ ܫܽܘܩܪܳܐ ܘܰܪܢܳܐ ܕܶܐܢ ܬܶܗܘܶܐ ܟܽܠܳܗ̇ ܕܝܽܘܬܪܳܢܳܐ ܗ̱ܝ ܟܰܕ ܗܼܺܝ ܕܚܽܘܣܪܳܢܳܐ ܗ̱ܝ ܕܰܗܘܼܳܐ ܡܕܺܝܠ ܬܶܛܪܶܐ ܣܝܳܢܳܐ ܕܝܽܘܠܦܳܢܶܗ ܒܦܽܘܡ̈ܶܐ ܒ̈ܢܰܝ ܩܽܘܫܬܳܐ ܘܰܪܢܳܐ ܕܶܐܢ ܗܼܽܘ ܕܡܰܪܕܽܘ ܫ̈ܦܰܝܳܐ ܘܰܫܕܰܘ ܬܶܛܪܶܐ ܕܰܢܣܰܟ ܒܗܽܘܢ ܚܰܪܡܳܐ ܠܳܐ ܡܶܫܟܚܳܐ ܕܠܰܓܡܳܪ ܠܳܐ ܢܦܽܘܫ ܒܗܽܘܢ ܛܰܥܡܳܐ ܘܗܰܘܦܳܐ ܕܝܽܘܠܦܳܢܶܗ ܗܳܟܰܢ ܢܟܶܠ ܛܰܘܶܫ ܡܳܐܢ̈ܶܐ ܕܬܶܫܡܶܫܬܳܐ ܕܡܶܟܽܝܠ ܕܶܐܬܛܰܘܰܫܘ̱ ܠܳܐ ܡܨܶܝܢ ܕܢܶܬܕܰܟܽܘܢ ܕܢܶܦܣܽܘܩ ܣܒܰܪ ܥܰܡܳܐ ܕܠܳܐ ܢܚܽܘܪ ܠܦܽܘܢܳܝܳܐ ܘܰܒܗܼܶܬ ܒܬܰܪ̈ܬܰܝܗܶܝܢ ܡܳܐܢ̈ܶܐ ܕܒܰܟܝܳܢܳܐ ܠܳܐ ܐܶܬܡܨܺܝ ܛܰܘܶܫ ܕܡܳܪܗܽܘܢ ܬܒܰܥ ܐܶܢܽܘܢ ܕܗܳܝ ܦܶܣܬܳܐ ܕܺܐܝܕܳܐ ܐ̱ܬܳܬ ܕܰܟܝܰܬ ܐܶܢܽܘܢ ܟܬܳܒܳܗ̇ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܫܶܦܥܳܐ ܘܰܗܘܼܳܐ ܐܳܦ ܦܽܘܫܳܩܳܗ̇ ܨܰܪܦܳܐ ܒܓܰܘ ܟܽܘܪܳܐ ܘܒܺܐܕܳܐ ܕܕܳܢܺܝܐܶܝܠ ܐܶܬܡܪܰܩܘ̱ ܘܶܐܬܕܰܟܺܝܘ ܘܰܫܦܼܰܪܘ̱ ܘܶܐܬܚܰܠܰܠܘ̱ ܘܕܰܢܦܼܰܩܘ̱ ܒܫܺܝܛܽܘܬܳܐ ܦܢܰܘ ܥܰܠܘ̱ ܒܙܰܗܝܽܘܬܳܐ ܕܰܢܦܼܰܩܘ̱ ܒܓܽܘܕܳܦܳܐ ܐܶܬܚܡܶܠܘ̱ ܒܩܽܘܠܳܣܳܐ ܕܶܐܬܗܰܦܰܟܘ̱ ܒ̈ܢܰܝ ܛܽܘܥܝܰܝ ܘܫܰܒܚܽܘܗ̱ܝ ܠܡܳܪܶܐ ܟܽܠ ܡܳܐܢ̈ܶܐ ܕܒܰܟܝܳܢܳܐ ܐܰܟܣܽܘܗ̱ܝ ܕܠܳܐ ܟܝܳܢܳܐ ܡܳܐܢ̈ܶܐ ܕܚܺܐܪܽܘܬܳܐ ܐܰܟܣܽܘܗ̱ܝ ܒܨܶܒܝܳܢܳܐ ܡܳܐܢ̈ܶܐ ܡܠܰܘ ܩܽܘܫܬܳܐ ܘܰܐܣܪܰܚܘ̱ ܫܪܳܪܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܡܳܐܢ̈ܶܐ ܕܰܡܠܶܝܢ ܗ̱ܘܰܘ ܬܽܘܒ ܒܨܶܒܝܳܢܗܽܘܢ ܫܽܘܩܪܳܐ ܐܶܬܟܦܺܝܘ ܘܶܐܣܬܰܦܰܩܘ̱ ܘܶܐܬܶܐܫܶܕܘ̱ ܘܶܐܣܬܰܪܰܩܘ̱ ܒܺܝܫܳܐ ܠܐܺܝ ܕܢܰܬܼܩܶܢ ܘܡܶܕܪܺܝܫ ܕܢܰܡܠܶܐ ܐܶܢܽܘܢ ܡܽܘܫܶܐ ܥܣܰܪ ܙܰܒ̈ܢܺܝܢ ܟܦܳܐ ܐܶܢܽܘܢ ܒܓܰܘ ܡܶܨܪܶܝܢ ܘܰܐܘܣܶܦ ܐܳܦ ܕܳܢܺܝܐܶܝܠ ܟܦܳܐ ܐܶܢܽܘܢ ܒܓܰܘ ܒܳܒܶܠ
English
He made the bow great with the darkness, and he erred and trampled truth within falsehood. And he thought that all of it would be profit, when it was loss that was measured to be cast. The teaching of his instruction in the mouths of the sons of the bow, and he thought that he who had cast down the pure and thrown the arrow, that a ban would block them, which cannot be completed. No taste remained in them, nor the understanding of his instruction. Thus the vessels of the service were consumed, for from then on, having been cast, they cannot be cleansed. He thought to cut off the people without looking to the end, and he was shamed in both vessels of weeping. The cast of their Lord could not be accomplished to seek their eyes, for this portion of the hand came to cleanse their eyes. Its writing was abundance, and its interpretation also was, a furnace within the crucible, and in the hand of Daniel. They were refined and cleansed, and they became fair and were hallowed, and they struck with folly and did with splendor, they struck with blasphemy and were borne with praise. The sons of error were turned and praised the Lord of all. The vessels of weeping he covered unnaturally, the vessels of freedom he covered by will. The vessels filled the bow and proclaimed their truth, the vessels that were full again by their will of falsehood. They bowed and were struck, and were poured out and were scattered. Evil to him who fixed, and again to him who filled their eyes. Moses struck their eyes ten times within Egypt, and Daniel also added to strike their eyes within Babylon.
dsc-284:3 · narrativehigh
Source
ܡܳܪܰܢ ܬܼܒܰܪ ܐܶܢܽܘܢ ܘܥܽܘܪܳܐ ܥܼܒܰܕ ܐܶܢܽܘܢ ܡܳܐܢ̈ܶܐ ܒ̈ܢܰܝ ܩܽܘܫܬܳܐ ܩܛܺܝܪܳܐ ܡܠܳܐ ܐܶܢܽܘܢ ܘܗܼܶܢܽܘܢ ܠܗܽܘܢ ܣܰܦܶܩܘ̱ ܘܰܚܠܳܦ ܡܶܪܬܳܐ ܕܶܐܫܰܕ ܚܽܘܒܳܐ ܚܰܠܝܳܐ ܘܩܽܘܫܬܳܐ ܗܼܶܢܽܘܢ ܒܗܽܘܢ ܢܣܼܰܟܘ ܬܽܘܒ ܚܢܰܢ ܕܶܝܢ ܕܦܳܪܽܘܩܰܢ ܫܪܳܪܶܗ ܢܣܼܰܟ ܘܰܡܠܳܢ ܡܳܐܢܳܐ ܟܦܳܐ ܢܰܦܫܶܗ ܘܶܐܬܶܐܫܰܕ ܒܨܶܒܝܳܢܶܗ ܘܰܗܼܦܰܟ ܡܠܳܐ ܥܽܘܒܶܗ ܬܶܛܪܳܐ ܘܚܶܪܝܳܢܳܐ ܒܪܺܝܟ ܐܰܢ̱ܬ ܥܳܒܽܘܕܰܢ ܕܰܗܘܰܝܬ ܓܳܒܽܘܠܰܢ ܡܳܐܢ̈ܶܐ ܕܬܰܪܥܺܝܬܳܐ ܥܒܰܕܬܳܢܝ̱ ܡܶܢ ܥܰܦܪܳܐ ܠܳܐ ܢܶܬܡܠܶܐ ܥܰܦܪܳܐ ܚܠܳܦ ܣܺܝܡܬܳܐ ܕܩܽܘܫܬܳܐ
English
He broke the bow, and made the eye a blind and crooked eye. He filled the eye with the arrows of falsehood, tightly bound. And he thought they were sufficient for him, and instead of the truth he poured out. Sweet sin and falsehood he thought he had stored up again. He sinned, for the truth of the one who saves he stored up and filled. A hundred times he denied himself and poured himself out by his own will. And he turned his crookedness into a deposit and a loan. Blessed are you, O maker, who became my potter. The eyes of my thought you have made from dust. Dust will not be filled instead of the treasure of truth.
Citation. Tergwame, “Nisibis 30”, dsc-284:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/dsc-284#s1
Colophon. Source: syriac · licence: CC BY 4.0 · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0022 · generated 2026-11-15.