Work dossier · summary and historical context
Nisibis 28 is a memrā in 12-syllable meter attributed to Ephrem the Syrian, composed in Syriac during the mid-4th century, likely in the 360s. The poem addresses the incarnation and refutes docetic Christology, reflecting the theological concerns of the school of Nisibis. The sole surviving witness is a 6th- or 7th-century manuscript with lacunae in stanzas 4 and 11, marked by brackets. The work is quoted in an 8th-century Syriac florilegium of Severus of Antioch, indicating early dogmatic use, but it is not part of the standard West Syriac liturgical cycle. The English translation relies on a 19th-century Latin version by Bickell, which occasionally paraphrases.
Nisibis 28 is significant for its poetic defense of orthodox Christology against docetism, reflecting Ephrem's role in shaping Syriac theological discourse. Its survival in a single manuscript and use in later miaphysite florilegia highlights its dogmatic importance. The work also exemplifies Ephrem's poetic techniques, such as personification and rhetorical shifts, and provides insight into 4th-century Syriac liturgical practices, including psalmody at funerals.
Ephrem the Syrian (c. 306–373 CE) spent most of his life in Nisibis (modern Nusaybin, Turkey) until its cession to the Sasanian Empire in 363 CE. Nisibis 28 is traditionally placed in the 360s, during his Nisibene period, when he taught at the school of Nisibis. The poem's refutation of docetic Christology aligns with 4th-century debates against docetism, which denied Christ's true humanity. The work survives in a single 6th- or 7th-century manuscript, suggesting limited circulation. Its quotation in the 8th-century florilegium of Severus of Antioch shows it was used in miaphysite theological arguments. The poem's genre as a memrā (verse homily) in 12-syllable meter is typical of Ephrem's madrāšê, and its liturgical context may include funerary psalmody, as indicated by references to psalms.
Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded
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