ት Tergwame Greek · Coptic · Ethiopic · Syriac · Armenian · Georgian · Latin

Syriac · Other · mid-4th century

Nisibis 16

Ephrem the Syrian · syriac

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machine-draft · no human review 3 passages · 709 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

The Nisibis cycle of madrāšê (teaching hymns) attributed to Ephrem the Syrian is a collection of liturgical poems composed in Syriac, traditionally dated to the 360s CE during the Persian sieges of Nisibis. The hymns employ isosyllabic stanzas and refrains, developing typological and exegetical themes. The Syriac text survives in manuscripts from the 6th century onward, with significant variation in stanza order and number. These hymns were later incorporated into the East Syriac liturgical cycle for the Feast of the Nicene Fathers and Rogation days, indicating their enduring catechetical use. The edition lacks a full critical apparatus; readers are directed to Beck’s CSCO edition for detailed stemmatic analysis.

The Nisibis hymns are a key witness to Ephrem’s poetic and theological method, blending liturgical form with exegetical reflection on contemporary events. They provide insight into the Syriac Christian response to persecution and siege, and their later liturgical use demonstrates their enduring authority in East Syriac tradition. The hymns also illustrate the development of the madrāšâ genre and its role in communal worship and instruction.

Historical context

Ephrem the Syrian (c. 306–373 CE) composed the Nisibis hymns in Syriac, likely in the 360s CE, during the Persian sieges of Nisibis under Shapur II. Nisibis, a frontier city of the Roman Empire in Upper Mesopotamia, was a center of Syriac Christianity. The hymns reflect the community's experience of siege and their theological response, using typology and exegesis to interpret contemporary events. The collection as transmitted may include later editorial additions, as the earliest surviving Syriac manuscripts date from the 6th century. The hymns were later incorporated into the East Syriac liturgical cycle, indicating their ongoing use in catechesis and liturgy. The textual tradition shows significant variation in stanza order and number across witnesses, complicating reconstruction of the original cycle.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

16 commentary units 4 term3 background3 structure3 caution2 parallel1 sense 2 derived notes 7 open questions 3 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: other in classical Syriac; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 3 narrative.
  • caution2 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note.
  • sourceSource edition: syriac — CC BY 4.0

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
dsc-273:1 · narrativemedium
Source
ܒ ܒܰܪ ܩܳܠܶܗ ܒܗܳܕܶܐ ܥܕܺܝܠܳܐ ܡܰܚܙܺܝܬܳܐ ܐܶܢ ܥܰܡܽܘܛܳܐ ܫܰܦܝܽܘܬܳܗ̇ ܕܺܐܝܬ ܟܽܘܬܡ̈ܳܬܳܐ ܒܰܩܢܽܘܡܳܗ̇ ܕܗܳܘܝܳܐ ܠܳܗ̇ ܨܳܐܬܳܐ ܕܰܥܠܶܝܗ̇ ܬܰܚܦܺܝܬܳܐ ܩܕܳܡ ܚ̈ܰܙܳܝܶܐ ܥܽܘܢܺܝܬܳܐ: ܒܪܺܝܟ ܕܡܰܪܩܳܗ̇ ܠܡܰܚܙܺܝܬܰܢ ܕܠܳܐ ܫܽܘܦܪܳܐ ܡܶܨܛܰܒܰܬ ܒܳܗ̇ ܘܠܳܐ ܡܽܘܡܳܐ ܡܶܬܟܰܐܰܪ ܒܳܗ̇ ܬܽܘܟܳܐ [ܗ̱ܝ ܟܽܠܳܗ̇ ܠܫܰܦܺܝܪ̈ܶܐ ܕܠܳܐ ܡܶܬܬܰܓܪܺܝܢ ܫܽܘܦܪ̈ܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܬܰܨ̈ܒܝܳܬܳܐ ܐܰܝܟ ܝܽܘܬܪ̈ܳܢܶܐ ܠܳܐ ܡܽܘܡ̈ܶܐ ܡܶܬܥܰܩܪܺܝܢ ܒܳܗ̇ ܐܳܦ ܠܳܐ ܨ̈ܶܒܬܶܐ ܣܳܓܺܝܢ ܒܳܗ̇ ܡܽܘܡܳܐ ܕܩܰܘܺܝ ܐܰܝܟ ܬܽܘܟܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܕܠܳܐ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܨܶܒܬܳܐ ܚܽܘܣܪܳܢܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܦܓܰܥ ܠܶܗ ܬܽܘܟܳܐ ܒܚܽܘܣܪܳܢܳܐ ܡܰܚܙܺܝܬܰܢ ܐܶܢ ܚܶܫܽܘܟܳܐ ܚܰܕܽܘܬܳܐ ܗ̱ܝ ܟܽܠܳܗ̇ ܕܰܣܢ̈ܰܝܳܐ ܕܠܳܐ ܡܶܬܟܰܣܣܺܝܢ ܡܽܘܡܰܝ̈ܗܽܘܢ ܐܶܢ ܕܶܝܢ ܡܪܺܝܩܳܐ ܘܢܰܗܺܝܪܳܐ ܕܚܺܐܪܽܘܬܰܢ ܗܳܝ ܕܬܶܨܰܛܒܰܬ݀ ܥܰܦ ܠܶܗ ܬܽܘܟܳܐ ܒܚܽܘܣܪܳܢܳܐ ܠܰܣ̈ܢܰܝܳܐ ܘܰܠܫܰܦܺܝܪ̈ܶܐ ܕܠܳܐ ܫܰܦܺܝܪ̈ܶܐ ܐܶܬܟ̇ܰܠܠܰܘ ܘܳܐܦ ܠܳܐ ܣ̈ܢܰܝܳܐ ܐܶܨܛܰܒܰܬܘ̱ ܬܽܘܟܳܐ ܦܶܠܓܰܬ ܡܰܚܙܺܝܬܳܐ ܠܳܐ ܡܬܽܘܡ ܕܰܒܪ̱ܰܬ ܡܰܚܙܺܝܬܳܐ ܒܰܩܛܺܝܪܳܐ ܠܰܕܚܳܐܰܪ ܒܳܗ̇ ܐܳܦ ܠܳܐ ܛܰܝܒܽܘܬܳܐ ܕܶܐܬܳܬ݀ ܥܰܠ ܟܺܐܢܽܘܬܶܗ ܕܢܳܡܽܘܣܳܐ ܩܳܢܼܝܳܐ ܩܛܺܝܪܶܗ ܕܢܳܡܽܘܣܳܐ ܗܼܘܳܬ ܟܺܐܢܽܘܬܳܐ ܠܛܰܠܝܽܘܬܳܐ ܡܨܰܒܬܳܢܺܝܬܳܐ ܕܰܩܛܺܝܪܳܐ ܕܛܰܠܝܳܐ ܗܘܳܬ ܓܶܝܪ ܐ̱ܢܳܫܽܘܬܳܐ ܨܰܒܶܬܬܳܗ̇ ܗܘܳܬ ܒܰܩܛܺܝܪܳܐ ܟܰܕ ܠܳܐ ܓܶܠܙܰܬ ܚܺܐܪܽܘܬܳܗ̇ ܫܕܳܠܳܐ ܘܫܰܒܛܳܐ ܐܶܚܕܰܬ ܗܘܳܬ ܟܺܐܢܽܘܬܳܐ ܨܶܝܕ ܛܰܠܝܽܘܬܳܐ ܡܳܐ ܕܰܡܚܳܬܳܗ̇ ܫܰܓܶܫܬܳܗ̇ ܫܰܒܛܳܗ̇ ܚܽܘܨܦܳܐ ܙܰܓܰܪ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܫܕܳܠܳܗ̇ ܪܰܓܺܝ ܪ̈ܶܥܝܳܢܶܐ] ------ ܕܢܶܨܛܰܒܰܬ ܝܰܘܡܳܢ ܐܰܚ̈ܰܝ ܠܣܰܒܪܽܘܬܳܐ ܐ̱ܚܰܪܬܳܐ ܫܰܒܪܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܒܙܰܒܢܳܐ ܕܪܰܒܽܘܬ ܪܶܥܝܳܢܳܐ
English
In the voice of his son, In this present spectacle, the beautiful one shows the depth of her simplicity, That there are seals in her substance, that she has a side upon which A covering is placed before the viewers: A hidden one. Blessed is the one who adorns the spectacle Without beauty being fashioned in it, and without a blemish being defiled in it. A middle [is] she, all of her, for the beautiful ones whose beauties are not bartered. Adornments like advantages, Blemishes are not uprooted in her, nor do faults increase in her. A blemish that is firm like a middle, that which was not a fault, a loss it was. The middle encountered loss. The spectacle is a dark joy, all of her, for the blind, Whose blemishes are not covered; but for the empty and clear one, That freedom of yours which is to be fashioned, The middle encountered loss for the blind and the beautiful ones. The not-beautiful were crowned, and the blind were not fashioned. The middle divided the spectacle. There is no end that the spectacle bore in the short one for the one who looks after her, Nor the grace that came upon the distress of the tyrant. The short one of the tyrant is a voice. Distress was for youth, a fashioning of the short one, For the youth was indeed a service; its fashioning was in the short one, While its freedom did not shave. Throwing and striking, distress began against youth. When her blow disturbed her, her strike, insolence, rebuked; Her throw is pleasing to the minds. ------ That was fashioned on the days of my brothers For another hope, it is a child in the sacrifice of the greatness of the mind.
dsc-273:2 · narrativemedium
Source
ܗܳܘܶܐ ܠܶܗ ܗܽܘ ܕܠܳܐ ܪܶܥܝܳܢܳܐ ܒܕܰܪܓܳܐ ܓܶܝܪ ܕܰܓܡܺܝܪܽܘܬܳܐ ܢܚܼܶܬ ܠܶܗ ܗ̱ܽܘ ܠܺܝܠܽܘܕܽܘܬܳܐ ܠܗܰܘ ܢܳܡܽܘܣ ܥܰܒ̈ܕܶܐ ܪܳܚܶܡ ܕܰܐܝܟܳܐ ܕܡܰܡܪܰܚ ܡܳܚܶܐ ܠܶܗ ܘܰܐܝܟܳܐ ܕܡܰܦܨ̇ܰܚ ܩܳܦܰܚ ܠܶܗ ܟܽܠܶܗ ܨܶܒܬܶܗ ܕܰܩܛܺܝܪܳܐ ܠܳܐ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܫܰܪܺܝܪܳܐ ܕܰܫܐܺܝܠܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܗܳܕܶܐ ܪܰܒܳܐ ܠܰܐܠܳܗܳܐ ܕܡܶܢ ܢܰܦܫܶܗ ܐ̱ܢܳܫ ܢܶܨܛܰܒܰܬ݀ ܒܰܕܓܽܘܢ ܫܰܩܠܶܗ ܠܰܩܛܺܝܪܳܐ ܕܰܐܝܟܰܢܳܐ ܕܦܳܪܽܘܫܳܐܺܝܬ ܒܙܰܒܢܶܗ ܝܰܗܒܶܗ ܠܰܩܛܺܝܪܳܐ ܗܳܟܰܢܳܐ ܦܳܪܽܘܫܳܐܺܝܬ ܫܰܩܠܶܗ ܒܙܰܒܢܳܐ ܕܰܚܠܳܦܰܘܗ̱ܝ ܡܰܟܺܝܟܽܘܬܳܐ ܡܶܬܒܰܥܝܳܐ ܕܰܟܡܳܐ ܕܝܳܐܶܐ ܠܛܰܠܝܽܘܬܳܐ ܕܰܗܘܳܬ ܪܶܗܛܳܐ ܬܚܶܝܬ ܫܰܒܛܳܐ ܣܢܳܐ ܣܰܓܺܝ ܕܰܬܚܶܝܬ ܫܰܒܛܳܐ ܬܶܫܬܰܥܒܰܕ ܚܰܟܺܝܡܽܘܬܳܐ ܕܰܩܛܺܝܪܳܐ ܡܳܪܳܐ ܢܗܶܐ ܠܳܗ̇ ܚܽܘܪ ܗܳܟܺܝܠ ܐܰܝܟ ܛܰܟܶܣ ܐܳܦ ܐܰܠܳܗܳܐ ܝܽܘܒ̈ܳܠܰܝ ܒܪ̈ܳܥܰܘܳܬܳܐ ܕܰܗܘܰܘ ܠܺܝ ܘܰܒܡ̈ܰܠܦܳܢܶܐ ܕܝܰܗ̱ܒ ܠܺܝ ܘܒܰܐܒ̈ܳܗܶܐ ܕܡܰܢܺܝ ܠܺܝ ܕܰܬܩܺܝܠܺܝܢ ܥܰܡ ܙܰܒ̈ܢܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܥܽܘܕܪ̈ܳܢܶܐ ܕܶܐܣܟܺܡ̈ܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܕܒܰܐܝܢܳܐ ܕܙܳܕܶܩ ܕܽܘܚܳܠܳܐ ܘܒܰܐܝܢܳܐ ܕܚܳܫܰܚ ܠܽܘܒܳܒܳܐ ܘܒܰܐܝܢܳܐ ܕܘܳܠܶܐ ܡܽܘܟܳܟܳܐ ܒܡܰܬܩܳܠܳܐ ܗܰܠܶܟ ܡܽܘܫ̈ܚܳܬܝ̱ ܠܛܰܠܝܽܘܬܝ̱ ܐܰܣܪܰܚ ܣܽܘܪܳܕܳܐ ܐܳܦ ܠܰܥܠܰܝܡܽܘܬܝ̱ ܕܽܘܚܳܠܳܐ ܠܚܰܟܺܝܡܽܘܬܝ̱ ܘܰܠܦܳܪܽܘܫܽܘܬܝ̱ ܐܰܣܪܰܚ ܝܰܗ̱ܒ ܠܳܗ̇ ܡܽܘܟܳܟܳܐ ܒܚܽܘܨܦܳܐ ܘܕܰܪܓܳܐ ܕܛܰܠܝܽܘܬܳܐ ܡܪܰܒܝܳܢܳܐ ܕܚܺܝܠܳܐ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܠܺܝ ܫܰܒܛܶܗ ܙܰܓܪܰܢܝ̱ ܡܶܢ ܫܶܒܝܳܐ ܘܡܶܢ ܣܽܘܪܚܳܢܳܐ ܣܽܘܪܳܕܶܗ ܘܡܶܢ ܦܽܘܢܳܩܳܐ ܕܽܘܚܳܠܶܗ ܐܰܒܳܐ ܐ̱ܚܪܺܢܳܐ ܝܰܗ̱ܒ ܠܰܥܠܰܝܡܽܘܬܝ̱ ܕܺܐܝܬ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܒܺܝ ܡܶܢ ܛܰܠܝܽܘܬܳܐ ܐܺܝܬ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܒܶܗ ܡܶܢ ܩܰܫܝܽܘܬܳܐ ܕܺܐܝܬ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܒܺܝ ܡܶܢ ܣܰܝܒܽܘܬܳܐ ܐܺܝܬ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܒܶܗ ܡܰܟܺܝܟܽܘܬܳܐ
English
He had that which is without thought, For by the step of perfection, that one descended to infancy, To that law which loves servants, where it extends, it strikes him, And where it expands, it leaps upon him. All his intention regarding the knot was not true, for it was a question. This great thing for God, who from himself made a sign, was prepared. In the likeness he took the knot, So that just as distinctly in his offering he gave the knot, So distinctly he took it in the offering of his replacements. Humility is required, For how fitting it is for the childhood that was a run under the rod. It is very fitting that under the rod, wisdom be subjected, For the knot is master over it. Look therefore, according to the order, also my God, In the intentions that were mine and in the teachings that he gave me, And in the fathers who brought me, That they be weighed with their offerings, the forms of their schemes, In which one is worthy of authority and in which one is suitable for reproach, And in which one is fitting for humility. In the balance, let my habits walk; for my childhood I let loose the rein. Also for my youth, authority for my wisdom and for my distinctness, I let loose, giving it humility. In boldness and the step of childhood, the nourisher of strength was to me. His rod restrained me from captivity and from the corruption of its rein, And from the loosening of its authority. A different father gave to my youth that which was in me from childhood. There was in him from the hardness that was in me from old age. There was in him humility.
dsc-273:3 · narrativemedium
Source
ܟܰܕ ܐܶܬܥܰܠܺܝܬ ܡܶܢ ܕܰܪ̈ܓܶܐ ܕܛܰܠܝܽܘܬܳܐ ܘܰܥܠܺܝܡܽܘܬܳܐ ܥܒܼܰܪ ܣܽܘܪܳܕܳܐ ܩܰܕܡܳܝܳܐ ܥܒܼܰܪ ܕܽܘܚܳܠܳܐ ܬܶܢܝܳܢܳܐ ܝܰܗ̱ܒ ܠܺܝ ܪܳܥܝܳܐ ܒܰܣܺܝܡܳܐ ܗܳܐ ܠܰܓܡܺܝܪܽܘܬܝ̱ ܡܶܐܟܽܘܠܬܶܗ ܘܰܠܚܰܟܺܝܡܽܘܬܝ̱ ܬܽܘܪ̈ܓܳܡܰܘܗ̱ܝ ܘܰܠܫܰܠܝܽܘܬܝ̱ ܡܰܟܺܝܟܽܘܬܶܗ ܘܰܠܢܺܝܚܽܘܬܝ̱ ܒܰܣܺܝܡܽܘܬܶܗ ܘܰܠܢܰܟܦܽܘܬܝ̱ ܝܰܩܺܝܪܽܘܬܶܗ ܒܪܺܝܟ ܗ̱ܽܘ ܕܰܐܝܟ ܕܒܰܡܣܰܐܬܳܐ ܬܰܩܶܠ ܘܝܰܗ̱ܒ ܠܺܝ ܐܰܒ̈ܳܗܶܐ ܕܠܽܘܩܒܰܠ ܙܰܒ̈ܢܰܝ ܥܽܘܕܪ̈ܳܢܰܝ ܘܠܽܘܩܒܰܠ ܟܺܐܒ̈ܰܝ ܣܰܡ̈ܳܡܢܰܝ [ܘܠܽܘܩܒܰܠ ܫܽܘܦܪ̈ܰܝ ܬܰܨ̈ܒܺܝܬܰܝ ܚܢܰܢ ܗܽܘ ܗܳܟܺܝܠ ܕܰܘܶܕܢܳܝܗ̱ܝ ܠܝܽܘܒܳܠܳܐ ܘܛܶܟܼܣܳܐ ܦܰܐܝܳܐ ܕܰܒܙܰܒܢܳܐ ܕܰܪܡܺܝܣܽܘܬܳܐ ܗܳܐ ܒܳܥܶܝܢܰܢ ܩܰܫܝܽܘܬܳܐ ܕܬܶܟܼܐܶܐ ܒܰܢ ܐܰܝܟ ܒܰܛܠܳܝ̈ܶܐ]
English
When I was raised from the steps of childhood and youth, the first threshold passed, the threshold of adolescence passed, it gave me a sweet shepherd. Behold, for my perfection, his food; and for my wisdom, his interpretations; and for my tranquility, his humility; and for my sweetness, his pleasantness; and for my severity, his gravity. Blessed is he who, as if by a measure, weighed and gave me fathers against my storms of wrath, and against my pains of poison, [and against my beauties of desire. He it is, then, who prepared for me a yoke and a seemly order, that in the storm of trampling, behold, harshness seeks to be seated in it like a child.]
Citation. Tergwame, “Nisibis 16”, dsc-273:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/dsc-273#s1
Colophon. Source: syriac · licence: CC BY 4.0 · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0023 · generated 2026-11-15.