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Syriac · Other · mid-4th century

Nisibis 10

Ephrem the Syrian · syriac

BothSourceEnglish
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machine-draft · no human review 2 passages · 508 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

Nisibis 10 is one of the Nisibine hymns attributed to Ephrem the Syrian, composed during the Persian sieges of Nisibis (350–363 CE). The hymn reflects the community's experience of war and divine judgment, using imagery such as locusts and walls of water to convey despair and lament. It survives in Syriac manuscripts, the earliest from the 6th century, and was incorporated into East Syriac liturgy, notably in the Office of the Martyrs and the Fast of Nineveh. The text alternates between first-person and third-person voices, employing antitheses and repetitive laments. Attribution to Ephrem is traditional but not universally accepted; some hymns may be later or reworked.

Nisibis 10 is significant as part of Ephrem's earliest poetic corpus, offering insight into 4th-century Syriac Christian responses to war and divine judgment. Its liturgical use in East Syriac tradition underscores its communal authority. The hymn's imagery and rhetorical structure exemplify Ephrem's poetic technique, though the lack of metrical commentary limits analysis. It relates to other Nisibine hymns and to biblical prophetic laments, reflecting a tradition of communal lament in Syriac Christianity.

Historical context

The Nisibine hymns, including Nisibis 10, were composed in the mid-4th century in the city of Nisibis (modern Nusaybin, Turkey), a frontier town of the Roman Empire frequently besieged by the Sasanian Persians. Ephrem the Syrian (c. 306–373 CE) wrote these hymns during the sieges of 350 and 363 CE, drawing on the community's trauma and theological reflection. The hymns were originally in Syriac, the liturgical language of the Syriac Christian tradition, and were transmitted through East Syriac manuscripts, the earliest from the 6th century. They were later used in the East Syriac liturgical calendar, especially in the Office of the Martyrs and the Fast of Nineveh, indicating their enduring authority. The attribution to Ephrem is traditional but debated; some hymns may be later compositions or heavily reworked. The edition collates multiple manuscripts but does not record all variant readings, and the translation lacks commentary on poetic meter and strophic structure.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

10 commentary units 2 term2 background2 structure2 caution1 sense1 scripture 0 derived notes 4 open questions 2 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: other in classical Syriac; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 2 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: syriac — CC BY 4.0

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
dsc-267:1 · narrativemedium
Source
ܓ ܕܥܰܠ ܐܶܢܙܺܝܛ ܚܶܣܢܳܐ ܒܰܪ ܩܳܠܶܗ ܐܶܬܩܰܛܰܠܘ̱ ܝܰܠܕ̈ܰܝ ܘܰܒܢ̈ܳܬܝ̱ ܕܰܠܒܰܪ ܡܶܢܝ̱ ܥܩܺܝܪ̈ܺܝܢ ܫܽܘܪ̈ܰܝܗܶܝܢ ܘܕܳܪܶܝܢ ܝܰܠܕܰܝ̈ܗܶܝܢ ܘܕܺܝܫܺܝܢ ܩܽܘܫ̈ܰܝܗܶܝܢ ܥܽܘܢܺܝܬܳܐ: ܒܪܺܝܟܳܐ ܗ̱ܝ ܡܰܪܕܽܘܬܳܟ ܓܦܰܘ ܗ̱ܘܰܘ ܨܰܝ̈ܳܕܶܐ ܝܰܘ̈ܢܰܝ ܡܶܢ ܚ̈ܶܣܢܰܝ ܕܰܫܒܼܰܩ ܩܰܢܳܝ̈ܗܶܝܢ ܘܰܥܪܰܩܘ̱ ܠܰܓ̈ܦܺܝܦܶܐ ܒܓܽܘܦܳܐ ܨܳܕܘ ܐܶܢܶܝܢ ܒܛܽܘܦܣܳܐ ܕܫܳܥܽܘܬܳܐ ܕܰܫܚܰܬ ܡܶܢ ܢܽܘܪܳܐ ܫܳܚܘ̱ ܘܰܦܫܰܪܘ̱ ܦܰܓܪ̈ܶܐ ܕܰܒ̈ܢܰܝ ܡܶܢ ܚܽܘܡܳܐ ܘܨܰܗܝܳܐ ܕܰܒܚ̈ܶܣܢܶܐ ܘܰܚܠܳܦ ܡܰܒ̈ܽܘܥܶܐ ܕܚܰܠܒܳܐ ܕܪ̈ܳܕܶܝܢ ܗ̱ܘܰܘ ܠܰܒ̈ܢܰܝ ܘܰܠܫܰܒܪ̈ܰܝ ܠܥܽܘ̈ܳܠܶܐ ܓܳܙ ܚܰܠܒܳܐ ܘܡ̈ܰܝܳܐ ܠܰܚܣ̈ܺܝܠܶܐ ܘܰܢܦܰܠ ܘܶܐܬܦܰܪܦܰܪ ܥܽܘܠܳܐ ܡܶܢ ܐܶܡܶܗ ܕܠܳܐ ܠܶܗ ܠܡܶܐܢܰܩ ܘܠܳܐ ܠܳܗ̇ ܠܡܶܫܬܳܐ ܪܽܘܚܳܐ ܣܰܩܘ̱ ܘܡܺܝܬܘ̱ ܐܰܝܟܰܢ ܐܶܬܡܰܨܝܰܬ ܕܬܶܐܚܽܘܕ ܛܰܝܒܽܘܬܳܟ ܦܓܽܘ̈ܕܶܐ ܕܡ̈ܰܒܽܘܥܶܝܗ̇ ܕܠܳܐ ܡܨܶܝܢ ܡܶܬܬܰܟܣܺܝܢ ܫ̈ܶܦܥܶܐ ܕܢܶܒ̈ܥܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܘܰܐܝܟܰܢ ܟܰܝ ܐܶܚܕܰܬ ܪ̈ܰܚܡܶܝܗ̇ ܛܰܝܒܽܘܬܳܟ ܘܰܟܠܳܬ ܡܰܒ̈ܽܘܥܶܝܗ̇ ܡܶܢ ܥܰܡܳܐ ܕܰܓܥܳܐ ܕܢܰܪܛܶܒ ܠܶܫܳܢܶܗ ܘܰܗܘܳܐ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܦܶܚܬܳܐ ܒܶܝܬ ܠܗܽܘܢ ܠܰܐܚ̈ܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܒܰܕܡܽܘܬ ܥܰܬܺܝܪܳܐ ܕܓܳܥܶܐ ܘܠܰܝܬ ܕܥ̇ܳܢܶܐ ܕܢܰܪܛܶܒ ܠܶܫܳܢܶܗ ܘܰܐܝܟ ܕܰܒܓܰܘ ܢܽܘܪܳܐ ܐܰܪܡܺܝܢ ܗ̱ܘܰܘ ܚܰܠܳܫ̈ܶܐ ܘܚܽܘܡܳܐ ܒܓܰܘ ܨܗ̈ܰܝܳܐ ܢܽܘܪܳܐ ܢܳܫ̇ܶܡ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܘܰܒܗܽܘܢ ܕܳܠܶܩ̇ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܫܳܚܘ̱ ܗ̱ܘܰܘ ܓܽܘܫܡ̈ܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܘܰܦܫܰܪܘ̱ ܡܶܢ ܚܽܘܡܳܐ ܘܰܗܦܼܰܟܘ̱ ܨܗ̈ܰܝܳܐ ܕܢܶܫܩܽܘܢܳܗ̇ ܠܰܐܪܥܳܐ ܒܪܶܗܠܳܐ ܕܦܰܓܪ̈ܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܘܚܶܣܢܳܐ ܕܰܩܛܰܠ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܒܨܶܗܝܳܐ ܠܥܳܡܽܘܪ̈ܰܘܗ̱ܝ ܗܼܦܰܟ ܠܶܗ ܕܢܶܫܬܶܐ ܗܽܘ ܪܶܕܝܳܐ ܕܰܫ̈ܠܰܕܶܐ ܕܫܼܳܚܘ̱ ܗ̱ܘܰܘ ܡܶܢ ܨܶܗܝܳܐ ܡܰܢܽܘ ܚܼܙܳܐ ܥܰܡܳܐ ܕܨܰܝܺܝܦ ܡܶܢ ܨܶܗܝܳܐ
English
The voice of the locust was heard, and my children and my daughters were slain outside of me. Their roots were uprooted, and their children and their young were crushed, and their thorns were broken. Blessed is your discipline. The hunters were spreading nets from the locusts, who left their nests and fled to the wings. In the body they hunted the locusts. In the pattern of the hour that destroyed from the mountain, the bodies of those who were from the heat bowed and dissolved, and the thirst of the locusts. And instead of the springs of milk that were flowing for my children and my infants, milk flowed to the sucklings, and water to the needy. And the suckling fell and was scattered from its mother, for it had no one to nurse it, nor she to drink. The spirit ascended and died. How was your grace able to hold the veins of its springs, which cannot be covered, the floods of its locusts? And how did your grace take hold of its mercies, and its springs ceased from the people who were proud, who moistened their tongue? And there was a snare among them for their brothers, like a rich man who is proud, and there is no one who knows, who moistens his tongue. And as within the mountain, the strong ones were casting, and heat within the thirsty, the mountain was placing, and within them it was burning. Their bodies bowed and dissolved from the heat, and the thirsty turned to drink the earth with the moisture of their bodies. And the locust that was killing the inhabitants of the region with thirst turned to drink the moisture of the corpses that had bowed from thirst. How long will the people who are smitten by thirst see?
dsc-267:2 · narrativemedium
Source
ܘܟܳܪܶܟ ܠܶܗ ܫܽܘܪܳܐ ܕܡ̈ܰܝܳܐ ܘܠܳܐ ܡܶܫܟܰܚ ܕܢܰܪܛܶܒ ܠܶܫܳܢܶܗ ܒܕܺܝܢܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܟܰܝ ܕܰܣܕܽܘܡ ܐܶܬܕܺܝܢܘ̱ ܚܰܒ̈ܺܝܒܰܝ ܘܶܐܬܢܰܓܰܕܘ̱ ܝ̈ܰܠܕܰܝ ܫܽܘܢܳܩܳܗ̇ ܕܰܣܕܽܘܡ ܕܚܰܕ ܗ̱ܘܳܐ ܠܚܽܘܕ ܝܰܘܡܳܐ ܫܽܘܢܳܩܳܗ̇ ܕܢܽܘܪܳܐ ܕܰܚܕܳܐ ܗ̱ܝ ܡܳܪܝ̱ ܫܳܥܳܐ ܒܨܶܗܝܳܐ ܢܰܓܺܝܪܳܐ ܡܰܘܬܳܐ ܢܰܓܺܝܪܳܐ ܘܢܶܓܕܳܐ ܩܰܛܺܝܢܳܐ ܒܳܬܰܪ ܡܳܪܝ̱ ܐܶܒ̈ܠܰܝ ܘܚ̈ܰܫܰܝ ܡܰܪ̈ܺܝܪܶܐ ܗܳܢܰܘ ܒܽܘܝܳܐܳܐ ܐ̱ܚܪܺܢܳܐ ܕܒܰܝܰܐܬܳܢܝ̱ ܕܰܐܣܓܺܝܬ ܐܰܟܡܰܪܬܳܢܝ̱ ܣܰܡܳܐ ܕܠܶܗ ܣܰܟܺܝܬ ܟܺܐܒܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܚܰܬܺܝܬܳܐ ܥܶܨܒܳܐ ܕܠܶܗ ܚܳܪܶܬ ܬܶܒܪܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܡܰܪܺܝܪܳܐ ܨܳܒܶܐ ܕܢܶܥܒܶܕ ܠܺܝ ܘܰܕܣܰܟܺܝܬ ܕܶܐܣܰܩ ܡܶܢ ܓܰܘ ܡܰܚܫܽܘܠܳܐ ܒܐ̱ܢܳܫ ܠܺܝ ܡܰܚܫܽܘܠܶܗ ܕܺܝܠܶܗ ܕܰܠܡܺܐܢܳܐ ܡܶܢ ܗܰܘ ܕܰܒܝܰܡܳܐ ܕܣܶܒܪܶܬ ܒܥܰܛܳܠܽܘܬܝ̱ ܕܣܶܒܟܶܬ ܐܳܦ ܣܶܠܩܶܬ ܡܶܢ ܓܰܘ ܓܽܘܡܳܨܳܐ ܫܕܰܐܽܘܢܝ̱ ܚ̈ܛܳܗܰܝ ܡܶܕܪܺܝܫ ܠܓܰܘܶܗ ܚܙܺܝ ܡܳܪܝ̱ ܗܰܕܳܡ̈ܰܝ ܕܣܰܝ̈ܦܶܐ ܣܒܺܝܣܺܝܢ ܒܺܝ ܘܨܳܝܪ̈ܺܝܢ ܒܰܕܪ̈ܳܥܰܝ ܘܟܽܘܬܡ̈ܳܬܳܐ ܕܓܺܐܪ̈ܶܐ ܫܬܺܝܠܳܢ ܥܰܠ ܓܰܒ̈ܰܝ ܕܶܡ̈ܥܶܐ ܒܓܰܘ ܥܰܝ̈ܢܶܐ ܘܒܶܐܕ̈ܢܶܐ ܕܰܫܡ̇ܽܘܥܬܳܐ ܘ̈ܳܝܶܐ ܒܓܰܘ ܦܽܘܡܳܐ ܘܶܐܒܠܳܐ ܒܓܰܘ ܠܶܒܳܐ ܠܳܐ ܡܳܪܝ̱ ܬܰܘܣܶܦ ܠܺܝ
English
And the wall of water encircles it, but it cannot moisten its tongue. For it is in Sodom that my beloved were destroyed, and my children were slaughtered in the street of Sodom, which was in a single day. The street of the city is one hour, O Lord. In the drought, a bitter death, a bitter thread. After my lamentations and my bitter sorrows, there came another calamity that increased my mourning. The medicine for which I hoped was pain, a broken thing; the herb for which I plucked was bitter grief. He desires to do to me, and I hoped to ascend from within the whirlpool. His own whirlpool of the hundred is hateful to me, from that which is in the sea. For in my folly I thought that I had both gathered and ascended from within the abyss, but my sins cast me back into it. See, O Lord, my limbs: swords are sated with me, and arrows are fixed in my arms, and the points of javelins are planted on my sides. Tears are within the eyes and in the ears of hearing, and woe is within the mouth and lamentation within the heart. Do not add to me, O Lord.
Citation. Tergwame, “Nisibis 10”, dsc-267:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/dsc-267#s1
Colophon. Source: syriac · licence: CC BY 4.0 · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0018 · generated 2026-11-15.