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Syriac · Other · mid-4th century

Nisibis 4

Ephrem the Syrian · syriac

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JSON Dossier
machine-draft · no human review 3 passages · 898 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

The four Nisibis hymns (madrāšē) of Ephrem the Syrian are among his earliest works, composed during the Persian sieges of Nisibis (c. 338–350 CE). They survive in a single 6th-century Syriac manuscript (Vat. Syr. 113) and later copies, with a critical edition by Edmund Beck (1957). These hymns entered the West Syriac liturgical tradition as part of the 'Nisibis cycle' for the Feast of the Forty Martyrs and were excerpted in Byzantine hymnography via Greek translations. The edition omits full Syriac vocalization and later strophic divisions, obscuring performative and musical features integral to the madrāšā genre.

These hymns are among the earliest works of Ephrem, a key figure in Syriac Christianity, and provide insight into the theological and liturgical responses to persecution and siege. They reflect the development of the madrāšā genre, combining poetry, music, and theology, and influenced later Syriac and Byzantine hymnography. Their survival in a single early manuscript highlights the fragility of textual transmission.

Historical context

Ephrem the Syrian (c. 306–373 CE) composed these hymns in Nisibis, a city in Roman Mesopotamia, during the Persian sieges under Shapur II (c. 338–350 CE). The dating relies on internal references to the sieges and the city's cession to Persia in 363 CE, after which Ephrem moved to Edessa. The Syriac text survives in a single 6th-century manuscript (Vat. Syr. 113) and a few later copies, with the critical edition by Edmund Beck (1957) collating these witnesses. The hymns were transmitted within the West Syriac liturgical tradition as part of the 'Nisibis cycle' for the Feast of the Forty Martyrs and were also translated into Greek for Byzantine hymnography. The community was Syriac-speaking Christian, likely using these hymns in liturgical settings, though the original performative context remains uncertain.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

18 commentary units 4 term3 background3 structure2 sense2 scripture2 caution1 parallel1 reception 0 derived notes 7 open questions 3 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: other in classical Syriac; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 3 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: syriac — CC BY 4.0

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
dsc-262:1 · narrativemedium
Source
ܒܰܪ ܩܳܠܶܗ ܕܟܶܢܫܳܐ ܕܽܐܘ̈ܠܨܳܢܝ̱ ܐܰܠܳܗܝ̱ ܕܠܳܐ ܡܰܡܐܶܢ ܐܶܕܪܽܘܫ ܬܪܰܥ ܒܰܝܬܳܟ ܕܛܶܠܡܶܬ ܠܟܽܠ ܛܰܝܒܽܘ ܐܶܫܰܐܠ ܒܡܰܪܳܚܽܘ ܕܶܐܣܰܒ ܒܰܚܨܺܝܦܽܘ ܥܽܘܢܺܝܬܳܐ: ܣܰܒܪܰܢ ܗܼܘܺܝ ܫܽܘܪܰܢ ܐܶܢ ܓܶܝܪ ܡܳܪܝ̱ ܐܰܪܥܳܐ ܠܚܶܛܬܳܐ ܡܫܰܘܚܰܕܬܳܐ ܡܥܰܬܪܳܐ ܒܣܰܓܺܝ̈ܐܶܐ ܟܡܳܐ ܢܶܥܬܪ̈ܳܢ ܗܳܟܺܝܠ ܨܠܰܘ̈ܳܬܝ̱ ܒܛܰܝܒܽܘܬܳܟ ܒܩ̈ܳܠܶܐ ܕܝܰܠܽܘ̈ܕܰܝ̱ ܚܢܺܝ̈ܓܶܐ ܘܪ̈ܰܥܽܘܡܶܐ ܦܬܼܰܚ ܠܺܝ ܬܼܪܰܥ ܪ̈ܰܚܡܰܝܟ ܐܶܦܨܰܚ ܒܩܳܠܰܝ̈ܗܽܘܢ ܐܶܒܠܳܐ ܕܣܳܩ̈ܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܒܽܘܟܪܳܐ ܕܰܗܘܳܐ ܚܣܺܝܠܳܐ ܘܰܢܩܶܦ ܠܝܰܠܽܘ̈ܕܶܐ ܒܢ̈ܰܝ ܢܳܨܪܰܬ ܠܺܝ̈ܛܶܐ ܥܢܺܝ ܠܶܐܡܪ̈ܰܝ ܕܰܚܙܰܘ ܕܺܐܒ̈ܶܐ ܘܗܳܐ ܓܳܥܶܝܢ ܘܰܥܢܳܐ ܒܕܰܒܪܳܐ ܡܳܪܝ̱ ܐܶܢܗܽܘ ܕܰܚܙܳܬ ܕܺܐܒ̈ܶܐ ܛܳܦܣܳܐ ܒܥܰܠܳܢܳܐ ܡܶܬܓܰܘܣܳܐ ܒܚܽܘܛܪܳܐ ܕܰܪܕܰܦ ܠܳܐܟܽܘ̈ܠܶܝܗ̇ ܥܳܢܳܟ ܚܙܳܬ ܕܺܐܒ̈ܶܐ ܘܗܳܐ ܓܳܥܝܳܐ ܪܳܒܰܬ ܐܰܕܪܶܟ ܕܶܐܬܪܰܗܒܰܬ ܨܠܺܝܒܳܟ ܢܶܗܘܶܐ ܚܽܘܛܪܳܐ ܕܰܪܕܰܦ ܠܒܳܠܽܘ̈ܥܶܝܗ̇ ܩܰܒܶܠ ܓܥܳܬܝ̱ ܫܰܒܪ̈ܰܝ ܕܰܕܟܶܝܢ ܒܟܽܠܡܶܕܶܡ ܗܰܘ ܗܽܘ ܛܠܶܐ ܝܰܘܡ̈ܶܐ ܡܶܫܟܰܚ ܡܪܰܥܶܐ ܡܳܪܝ̱ ܠܥܰܬܺܝܩ ܝܰܘܡ̈ܳܬܳܐ ܝܰܘܡܳܐ ܕܰܢܦܰܠ ܥܽܘܠܳܐ ܒܓܰܘ ܐܽܘܪܝܳܐ ܒܶܗ ܗܽܘ ܥܺܝܪ̈ܶܐ ܢܚܶܬܘ̱ ܣܰܒܰܪܘ̱ ܫܠܳܡܳܐ ܕܗܽܘ ܢܶܗܘܶܐ ܒܫܽܘ̈ܩܰܝ ܠܟܽܠ ܫܰܒܪ̈ܰܝ ܫܰܒܥܺܝܢ ܘܰܬܪ̈ܶܝܢ ܣܳܒܺܝ̈ܢ ܣ̈ܳܒܰܘܗ̱ܝ ܕܗܰܘ ܥܰܡܳܐ ܠܳܐ ܣܦܼܰܩܘ̱ ܠܬܽܘܪ̈ܥܳܬܳܐ ܥܽܘܠܰܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܒܰܪ ܡܰܪܝܰܡ ܫܰܝܶܢ ܠܟܽܠ ܦܶܢܝܳܢ ܚܽܘܢ ܡܳܪܝ̱ ܠܝܰܠܽܘܕ̈ܰܝ ܒܝ̈ܰܠܕܰܝ ܥܗܰܕ ܝܰܠܕܳܟ ܕܰܗܘܰܝܬ ܝܰܠܽܘܕܳܐ ܕܕܳܡܶܝܢ ܠܛܰܠܝܽܘܬܳܟ ܢܺܚܽܘܢ ܒܛܰܝܒܽܘܬܳܟ ܒܠܺܝ̈ܠܝܳܢ ܒܓܰܘ ܥܳܢܳܟ ܦܳܥܝܳܐ ܕܬܰܡܺܝ̈ܡܶܐ ܘܩܳܠܳܐ ܕܰܢܩ̈ܰܘܳܬܳܐ ܕܩܳܪܶܝܢ ܠܪܳܥܶܐ ܟܽܠ ܕܡܶܢ ܟܽܠ ܢܦܰܨܶܐ ܐܶܢܽܘܢ
English
The voice of the cry of the oppressed, my God who does not weary, open the door of your house, so that I may ask for all goodness through your mercy, that I may receive through your grace. The cry: Hope is the beginning, for if the Lord of the earth forgives the confessed sin, how much more will the rich one in many things enrich? Therefore, my prayers through your goodness, with the voices of my children, the wretched and the mourners, open for me the door of your mercies, that I may rejoice in their voices, and mourn for their ascents. Through the remembrance of what was lacking, and it pressed upon the children, the wicked women bore children for the lambs that saw wolves, and behold, they are crying out. And the cry in the wilderness: My Lord, if you saw wolves, a pattern in the flock, being shorn with a staff, that pursues their devourers. Your flock saw wolves, and behold, a great cry, hasten, for your cross became a staff that pursues their swallowers. Receive my cry, my pure children in everything, that youth may find days to pasture, my Lord, for the ancient days. The day the wicked one fell within the city, on that day the watchers descended, they hoped for the peace that would be in my streets for all my children. Seventy-two elders, the elders of that people, did not suffice for the gates; the wicked one is the son of Mary, he spreads to every side. Show, my Lord, to my children through my parents; remember your child, that I was a child who resembles your youth, and show through your goodness. At night, within your flock, the cry of the perfect ones, and the voice of the cries that call to the shepherd, all that is like all, and he saves through the sign.
dsc-262:2 · narrativemedium
Source
ܐܶܓܕܽܘܠ ܠܟܽܠ ܩ̈ܳܠܶܝܢ ܘܶܐܥܒܶܕ ܟܠܺܝܠ ܩ̈ܳܠܶܐ ܐܶܩܰܪܒܺܝܘܗ̱ܝ ܠܰܐܒܽܘܟ ܐܶܙܒܶܢ --- ----- a ܘܳܝ ܠܺܝ ܕܡܰܢܽܘ ܠܺܝ ܫܒܳܒܳܐ ܘܩܰܪܺܝܒܳܐ ܕܠܳܐ ܟܳܝ̈ܫܳܢ ܪ̈ܶܓܠܰܘܝ ܒܰܐܬܪܶܗ ܕܟܽܠܥܶܕܳܢ ܥܰܠ ܪܺܝܫܝ̱ ܐܰܡܺܝܢ ܘܩܳܐܶܡ b ܘܳܝ ܠܺܝ ܕܡܰܢܽܘ ܠܺܝ ܐܳܪܚܳܐ ܕܠܺܝ ܘܰܠܠܰܚܡܝ̱ ܒܳܥܶܐ ܕܢܶܐܟܽܘܠ ܡܳܪܝ̱ ܬܰܨܪܺܝܘܗ̱ܝ ܟܺܐܢܽܘܬܳܐ ܕܰܟܦܶܢ ܠܝܰܥܢܽܘܬܳܐ c ܘܳܝ ܠܺܝ ܕܡܰܢܽܘ ܠܺܝ ܣܳܐܢܳܐ ܘܩܰܪܺܝܒܳܐ ܛܽܘܒܰܝ ܕܡܰܢܽܘ ܠܺܝ ܡܳܪܳܐ ܘܦܳܪܽܘܩܳܐ ܕܙܰܓܪܶܗ ܘܰܙܓܰܪ ܠܶܗ ܚܰܕܽܘܬܳܐ ܕܣܽܘܓܦܳܢܳܐ ܥܳܩܬܳܐ ܛܡܺܝܪܳܐ ܒܳܗ̇ ܥܳܩܬܳܐ ܕܥܽܘܕܪܳܢܳܐ ܡܥܺܝܢܳܐ ܗ̱ܝ ܕܚ̈ܰܕܘܳܬܳܐ ܒܗܰܘ ܥܳܠܡܳܐ ܚܰܕܬܳܐ ܛܽܘܒܳܐ ܕܰܩܢܳܐ ܪܳܕܽܘܦܝ̱ ܘ̈ܳܝܶܐ ܛܡܺܝܪ̈ܺܝܢ ܒܶܗ ܒܰܕܓܽܘܢ ܦܨܺܝܚܳܐ ܐ̱ܢܳܐ ܕܘܳܝܳܐ ܕܰܩܢܺܝܬ ܡܶܢܶܗ ܛܽܘܒܳܐ ܟܣܶܐ ܠܺܝ ܒܶܗ ܡܰܢܽܘ ܕܠܳܐ ܢܰܘܕܶܐ ܠܗܰܘ ܡܰܢ ܕܰܐܘܠܶܕ ܠܰܢ ܘܰܡܨܶܐ ܕܢܰܘܠܶܕ ܬܽܘܒ ܡܶܢ ܓܰܘ ܫܡܽܘ̈ܥܳܬܳܐ ܩ̈ܳܠܶܐ ܕܣܰܒܪ̈ܳܬܳܐ ܐܰܢ̱ܬ ܗܽܘ ܡܰܐܣܶܐ ܟܽܠ ܣܥܰܪܬܳܢܝ̱ ܒܟܽܘܪ̈ܗܳܢܰܝ ܐܰܓܪܳܐ ܕܣܰܡ̈ܡܳܢܰܝܟ ܠܳܐ ܐܶܬܡܨܺܝܬ ܕܶܐܬܶܠ ܕܕܳܡܶܝܢ ܠܰܝܬ ܠܗܽܘܢ ܙܳܟܶܝܢ ܠܣܰܡ̈ܳܡܢܰܝܟ ܪ̈ܰܚܡܰܝܟ ܥܰܬܺܝܪ̈ܶܐ ܠܳܐ ܡܨܶܝܢ ܡܶܙܕܰܒܢܺܝܢ ܡܰܓܳܢ ܡܶܬܝܰܗܒܺܝܢ ܒܕܶܡ̈ܥܶܐ ܗ̱ܘ ܡܶܬܢܰܣܒܺܝܢ ܟܡܳܐ ܡܶܫܟܚܳܐ ܪܰܒܽܘܢܝ̱ ܡܕܺܝܢ̱ܬܳܐ ܡܓܰܙܰܝܬܳܐ ܕܪܰܚܺܝܩ ܒܰܪ ܡܰܠܟܳܗ̇ ܘܩܰܪܺܝܒ ܒܥܶܠܕܰܪܳܗ̇ ܕܰܬܩܽܘܡ ܕܠܳܐ ܪ̈ܰܚܡܶܐ ܠܡܺܐܢܳܐ ܘܒܶܝܬ ܓܰܘܣܳܐ ܐܰܢ̱ܬ ܗܽܘ ܒܟܽܠ ܥܶܕܳܢ ܟܰܕ ܚܰܦܝܽܘܢܝ̱ ܝܰܡ̈ܡܶܐ ܢܚܼܶܬܘ̱ ܕܰܠܝܽܘܢܝ̱ ܪ̈ܰܚܡܰܝܟ ܬܽܘܒ ܢܶܕܪܟܰܢܝ̱ ܥܶܕܪܳܟ ܐܰܣܪܰܚ ܠܒܽܘ̈ܣܒܳܣܰܝ ܣܰܡܳܐ ܕܦܽܘܪܩܳܢܳܟ ܘܚܰܫܳܐ ܕܥܽܘܕܪܳܢܳܟ ܢܺܝܫܳܟ ܡܨܶܐ ܕܢܶܗܘܶܐ ܣܰܡܳܐ ܡܰܐܣܶܐ ܟܽܠ
English
I shall make a crown of all voices, and bring it to your father, I shall offer it. Woe is me, for my neighbor and my kinsman have made me poor, whose feet are not worn out in the land of all eternity, while over my head he stands and is firm. Woe is me, for the guest has made me poor, who for me and my bread seeks to eat my lord; preserve him from the evil of hunger, that he may not go to theft. Woe is me, for the oppressor and the kinsman have made me poor; blessed is he who has made me poor, the lord and savior, who rebuked him and he rebuked the joy of the stumbling, the hidden oppression in it, the oppression of the darkness, it is the mixture of joys in that new world. Blessed is he who has quenched my pursuer, and the woes hidden in him, in the judgment he is joyful; I have found the woe which I quenched from him; blessed is he who has hidden it from me in him. The poor one who does not beget that which begets, and is able to beget again from within the hearings, the voices of the hopes. You are the one who heals all my sicknesses with your cures; the reward of your medicines I was not able to come, for which there is no likeness to them. Your rich mercies conquer your medicines; they are not able to be sold, they are given freely, they are acquired with tears. How much can my lord, the city of the treasury, whose king's son is far and whose enemy is near, stand without mercy? For the hundred and the house of the pit, you are in all time, when my seas are calm, your mercies descend to my calm; again, my help, help me. I have disturbed my spices, the medicine of your salvation, and the pain of your darkness, your life is able to be a medicine that heals all.
dsc-262:3 · narrativemedium
Source
ܣܰܓܺܝ ܐܰܠܺܝܨܳܐ ܐ̱ܢܳܐ ܘܕܶܐܩܒܽܘܠ ܐܰܟܺܝܦܳܐ ܐ̱ܢܳܐ ܥܰܠ ܡܰܢ ܕܫܰܓܶܫ ܠܺܝ ܚܢܳܢܳܟ ܢܦܰܟܶܗ ܡܳܪܝ̱ ܟܳܣܳܐ ܕܰܡܼܙܰܓܘ ܚܰܘ̈ܒܰܝ ܚܳܪܶܬ ܠܟܽܠ ܓܰܒܺܝ̈ܢ ܘܰܒ̇ܟܺܝܬ ܕܶܐܬܓܰܙܺܝܬ ܟܰܕ ܛܳܒ ܣܰܓܺܝ̈ܐܺܝܢ ܪ̈ܺܝܫܰܝ ܘܦܳܪ̈ܽܘܩܰܝ ܚܰܕ ܗܽܘ ܕܰܦܪܰܩ ܠܺܝ ܦܰܪܘ̱ ܡܳܪܝ̱ ܢܦܰܩܘ̱ ܝܰܠܕ̈ܰܝ ܘܕܳܡܽܘ ܠܦܰܪ̈ܽܘܓܶܐ ܕܢܶܫܪܳܐ ܪܕܰܦ ܐܶܢܽܘܢ ܗܳܐ ܛܫܶܝܢ ܒܣܶܬܪܳܐ ܫܰܝܢܳܟ ܢܰܦܢܶܐ ܐܶܢܽܘܢ ܨܰܘܬܳܐ ܕܟܰܪ̈ܡܰܝ ܗܳܐ ܦܳܩܕܳܢ ܐܶܕ̈ܢܰܝ ܕܓܰܪܕܺܝܘ ܩܳܠܰܝ̈ܗܽܘܢ ܢܶܪܥܰܡ ܒܣܰܒܪ̈ܳܬܳܐ ܛܶܒܳܐ ܕܦܽܘܪܩܳܢܳܟ ܩܳܠܳܐ ܕܣܽܘܪܳܕܳܐ ܥܰܠ ܡ̈ܰܓܕܠܰܝ ܫܶܡ̇ܥܶܬ ܕܩܳܥܶܝܢ ܦܪ̈ܽܘܩܰܝ ܟܰܕ ܢܳܛܪܺܝܢ ܫܽܘܪ̈ܰܝ ܫܰܠܳܝܗ̱ܝ ܒܩܳܠ ܫܰܝܢܳܟ ܪܒܳܒܬܳܐ ܕܦܰܠܳܚ̈ܰܝ ܬܫܰܝܶܢ ܠܒܰܪ ܡܶܢ ܫܽܘܪܝ̱ ܪܰܥܡܳܐ ܕܥܳܡܽܘܪ̈ܰܝ ܢܫܰܝܶܢ ܠܓܰܘ ܡܶܢ ܫܽܘܪܝ̱ ܕܰܐܘܕܶܐ ܠܒܰܪ ܘܰܠܓܰܘ ܫܪܺܝ ܡܳܪܝ̱ ܐܰܒܺܝܠܽܘܬܶܗ ܕܗܰܘ ܡܰܕܒܚܳܟ ܕܰܟܝܳܐ ܘܰܕܟܳܗܢܳܟ ܢܰܟܦܳܐ ܕܩܳܐܶܡ ܠܒܺܝܫ ܐܶܒܠܳܐ ܡܶܢ ܠܥܶܠ ܟܒܺܝܢ ܣܰܩܳܐ ܬܰܘܕܶܐ ܒܦܽܘܪܩܳܢܳܟ ܥܺܕ̱ܬܳܐ ܘܫܰܡܳܫܶܝ̈ܗ̇ ܡܕܺܝܢ̱ܬܳܐ ܘܥܳܡܪ̈ܶܝܗ̇ ܢܗܶܐ ܡܳܪܝ̱ ܩܳܠ ܫܰܝܢܳܐ ܐܰܓܪܳܐ ܕܩܳܠܰܝ̈ܗܽܘܢ
English
I am greatly distressed, I groan, and I bear a heavy burden, I groan. Because of what disturbs me, your love, O Lord, is my delight. The cup of my sins they have mixed. I longed for all the chosen ones, and I wept that I was shorn, while many good ones are my head and my redeemers. One is he who redeemed me. Fruitful, O Lord, and fruitful are my children, and they resemble the redeemers of the city; the pursuer has pursued, behold, they are hidden in a secret place. Your fruitful one, O Lord, is fruitful. The voice of my vineyards, behold, commands my hands that they should cut off their voices; thunder with hopes. The goodness of your redemption. The voice of the saw I heard upon the towers, which cries out, "My redeemers," while they guard my walls. Their peace with the voice of your fruitful one. The multitude of my laborers will send out to the son from my wall. The thunder of my inhabitants will send within from my wall, so that I may praise outside and within. Loosen, O Lord, the mourning of that pure altar of yours, and of your priest, the stone that stands clothed in mourning. From above, a sackcloth is pressed. Thanksgiving with your redemption, the church and its ministers, the city and its inhabitants; and, O Lord, the voice of the fruitful one. The reward of your voices.
Citation. Tergwame, “Nisibis 4”, dsc-262:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/dsc-262#s1
Colophon. Source: syriac · licence: CC BY 4.0 · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0026 · generated 2026-11-15.