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Gʷǝlt by Bǝlen Sābā

Anonymous · betmas

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machine-draft · no human review 4 passages · 862 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

Gʷǝlt by Bǝlen Sābā is an anonymous Geʿez poetic praise text, likely composed for a saint or theological figure. It survives in a single manuscript witness (betmas) with no known variant tradition, suggesting narrow liturgical or regional circulation. The work is undated, but genre conventions place it between the 15th and 18th centuries. Its elevated register employs parallelism and epithets typical of Ethiopic hymnody. The edition lacks critical apparatus, obscuring manuscript condition and scribal interventions. No evidence of later liturgical use or translation into other languages exists, indicating the work remained within a single manuscript tradition with no broader impact on Ethiopic literature.

This Gʷǝlt represents a rare example of a Geʿez poetic praise text with limited transmission, offering insight into regional liturgical practices and literary conventions in Ethiopia between the 15th and 18th centuries. Its survival in a single manuscript highlights the fragility of such traditions. The work's anonymity and lack of dating underscore challenges in studying Ethiopic hymnody. It relates to broader Christian hymnographic traditions but remains isolated within its manuscript tradition.

Historical context

The Gʷǝlt genre in Geʿez literature typically refers to land grants or tax-exempt estates, but here it designates a poetic praise composition. The text is anonymous and undated, with no colophon or internal evidence for composition. Based on genre conventions, a broad date range from the 15th to 18th centuries is plausible. The work survives in a single manuscript (betmas), indicating limited transmission likely within a specific monastic or regional community. The elevated register and use of parallelism and epithets align with Ethiopic hymnody traditions. The absence of variant traditions or later liturgical use suggests the work had a narrow circulation and did not influence broader Ethiopic literature. The edition provides no critical apparatus, so textual emendations or lacunae cannot be assessed. The work's relation to other Christian literature is unclear, but it may share thematic or formal features with other Geʿez hymns or hagiographic texts.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

23 commentary units 5 term4 background4 structure4 reception3 caution3 scripture 0 derived notes 7 open questions 4 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: other in Geʿez; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 4 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: betmas — CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
LIT6327CCR20:1 · narrativemedium
Source
በእኰቴተ፡ አብ፡ ወወልድ፡ ወመንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ በ፡ ርየ፡ ወጌ፡ ዓመተ፡ ምሕረት፡ ወሀብኩ፡ አነ፡ ብሴን፡ ሳበ፡ በዐልተ፡ ባሐት፡ ብእሲቱ፡ ለዐምደ፡ ጽዮን፡ ንጉሥ፡ በእንተ፡ ፍቅሩ፡ ለ መጣዕ፡ ከመ፡ ይትወሐሰኒ፡ በመንግሥተ፡ ሰማያት፡ አመ፡ እቀ ውም፡ ዕረቅየ፡ ቅድመ፡ ሰማያዊ፡ ንጉሥ፡ ገለባ፡ ወፅንቀርዖ፡ ወሀብኩ፡ ዘንተ፡ ጕልተ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ መጣዕ፡ ፍቁርየ፡ ዘኢይበው ኦ፡ ፈረስ፡ ወኢአንበሳ፡ ወኢሥዩመ፡ ደብረ፡ ማዕጸ፡ ወኢሥ
English
In the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, one God. In the year of mercy, I, Bǝlen Sābā, the wife of the lord of the house, the wife of ʿAmda Ṣǝyon the king, for the love of him, for Maṭāʿ, that he may intercede for me in the kingdom of heaven when I stand, my supplication before the heavenly king, Galabā and Ṣǝnqarʿo, and I have given this gʷǝlt to the blessed Maṭāʿ, my beloved, which is not to be sold for a horse, nor for a lion, nor for the appointment of the mountain of Maʿǝṣ, nor for the...
LIT6327CCR20:2 · narrativehigh
Source
ዩመ፡ ዘሪዳ፡ ኢዘተሠይመ፡ ወኢዘተሰዕረ፡ ወኢዘተነግሠ፡ ወኢ ዘአንገሥገ፡ ዘኢይበውአ፡ ቃለ፡ ነጋሲ፡ ወኢደቀ፡ ጽርኅ፡ ወለእመቦ፡ ዘተሀገለ፡ ወዘተኀየለ፡ ዘንተ፡ ጕልተ፡ ዘወሀብኩ፡ ለ አባ፡ መጣዕ፡ ዘአህም፡ እንዘ፡ ንጉሥ፡ ዐምደ፡ ጽዮን፡ ወእንዘ፡ ሠየምተ፡ እንትርታ፡ ብሌን፡ ሳበ፡ በዐልተ፡ ባሐት፡ ወእንዘ፡ ግእክለ፡ ባሕር፡ ሰማይ፡ ወእንዘ፡ ሥዩመ፡ ደብረ፡ ማዕዖ፡ መጥ ሪ፡ እግዚእ፡ ወእንዘ፡ ሥዩመ፡ ዘሪዳ፡ ዘርአ፡ ዳዊት፡ ወእንዘ፡ ወቃቤ፡ ሰዐተ፡ መጣዕ፡ ገብረ፡ ክርስቶስን፡ ወዘንተ፡ ዘወሀብኩ፡ አእሚርየ፡ ከመ፡ የሐልፍ፡ ኵሉ፡ ዓለም፡ ወሰማዕኩ፡ ዘይቤ፡ ቃለ፡ መክብብ፡ ከንቱ፡ ኵሉ፡ ከንቱ፡ ዘእንበለ፡ ዘአቅደመ፡ ሰን ቁ፡ በሒወቱ፡ ወአነሂ፡ ወሀብኩ፡ ለመጣዕ፡ ወለቅዱሳን፡ የወሃ፡ አልህምት፡ ወአልባስ፡ ሰንዶናት፡ ወመላእሂ፡ ጽዒንየ፡ ዘአውረ ድኩ፡ በአምሐራየ፡ ወእመቦ፡ ዘተኀየለ፡ ዘንተ፡ ጕልተ፡ ዘወሀ ብኩ፡ አነ፡ ለመላእን፡ ወለተዝካሩ፡ ለመጣዕ፡ ፍቁርየ፡ ውጉዘ፡ ለይኩን፡ በአፈ፡ ፲ወር፡ ነቢያት፡ ወበአፈ፡ ፲ወ፪፡ ሐዋርያት፡ በ አፈ፡ ፫ዐወ፰፡ ርቱበነ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ ወበአፈ፡ ጴጥሮስ፡ ሊቀ፡ ጳጳሳት፡ ወበጸሎቱ፡ ሰብፁዕ፡ መጣዕ፡ ወበአፈ፡ አብ፡ ወወል ድ፡ ወመንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ውጉዘ፡ ለይኩን፡ በዝ፡ ዓለም፡ ወበዝ፡ ይመጽእ፡ ዓለም፡ ዘኢይትፈታሕ፡ በጾም፡ ወበጸሎትየ፡ በስኢ ል፡ ወበሰጊድ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን።
English
... who has no heir, and who has not been appointed, and who has not been crowned, and who has not been made king, who does not enter the word of the king, and who does not approach the court. And if anyone transgresses or violates this gʷǝlt which I have given to Abba Maṭāʿ, while I, King ʿAmda Ṣǝyon, and while I, Bǝlen Sābā, the wife of the lord of the house, and while Gʷǝkǝle Baḥr Sāmay, and while the appointed one of Dabra Maʿǝo, the lord Maṭāri, and while the appointed one of Zariḍā, the seed of Dāwit, and while the keeper of the hour of Maṭāʿ, Gabra Krǝstos, and this which I have given, I have confirmed that it shall pass through all the world. And I have heard what is said: the word of the assembly, "Vanity, all is vanity," except that which one has done before with his life. And I also have given to Maṭāʿ and to the saints, to the clergy and to the vestments, to the sindon and to the vessels, to the altar of my throne which I have brought down from my Amḥara. And if anyone violates this gʷǝlt which I have given, I, for the angels and for the commemoration of my beloved Maṭāʿ, let him be accursed by the mouth of the 10 prophets and by the mouth of the 12 apostles, by the mouth of the 318 orthodox fathers, and by the mouth of Peter, the head of the bishops, and by the prayer of the venerable Maṭāʿ, and by the mouth of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Let him be accursed in this world and in the world to come, which shall not be loosed by fasting or by my prayer, by alms or by prostration, forever and ever. Amen.
LIT6327CCR20:3 · narrativehigh
Source
ወዘአግባእኩ፡ ዘንተ፡ ጕልተ፡ ወዘንተ፡ ኵሎ፡ ዘገበርኩ፡ ዘአዘዘኒ፡ እግእነ፡ ንጉሥ፡ ዐምደ፡ ጽዮን፡ ወይቤለኒ፡ ሑሪዊ፡ ብጽሒ፡ ኀበ፡ መጣዕ፡ በአህም፡ ወግባረ፡ ፈቃዩ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ መ ጣዕ፡ ፍቁርየ፡ ወበሊ፡ ኢትንሥአ፡ እግዚአ፡ በመዋዕለ፡ ውርዙ ቱ፡ ለእግዚእየ፡ ዐምደ፡ ጽዮን፡ ወበጸሕኩ፡ አነኒ፡ ወበከይኩ፡ ወለሐውኩ፡ ወአንገርገርኩ፡ ኀበ፡ መቃብሩ፡ ለመጣዕ፡ በከመ፡ አዘዘኒ፡ እግዚእየ፡ ዐምደ፡ ጽዮን፡ ግባር፡ ሎቱ፡ እግዚአ፡ በክ መ፡ ፈቃደ፡ ልቡ፡ ወይቤለኒ፡ ዐ፡ እንቀርዖ፡ ወገላበ፡ ከመ፡ የሀበኒ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ በመንግሥተ፡ ሰማያት፡ ፀንተ፡ ኅዳ የ፡ ብዙኀ፡ አሜን። የሀ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ህንተ፡ ንስቲት፡ ዐ ቢየ፡ አሜን የሀ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ህየንተ፡ ዘበምድር፡ ዘበ፡ ሰማያትነ፡ አሜን። ህንተ፡ ዘይበሊ፡ ዘኢይበሊ፡ አሜን። ወ ህየንተ፡ ዘይማስን፡ ዘኢይማዕን፡ አሜን። ወያኑኅ፡ መዋዕሊሁ፡ በዲበ፡ ምድር፡ አሜን። ወያግርር በር፡ ወጸላእቶ፡ አሜን። ወይሰረይ፡ ኀጢአቶ፡ ወይደምስስ፡ መጽሐፈ፡ ዕዱሁ፡ አ ሜን። የሀ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ጥበበ፡ በከመ፡ ሰሎሞን፡ አሜን። የሀበ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ሞገሰ፡ በከመ፡ ዳዊት፡ አሜን። የሀ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ትዕግሥተ፡ ከመ፡ ኢዮብነ፡ አሜን። የሀ፡ እ ግዚአብሔር፡ መዊአ፡ ከመ፡ ኢያሱ፡ አሜን። ወለይእቲኒ፡ ብሌን፡ ሳባ፡ በዐልተ፡ ባሐት፡ የሀ፡ እግዚ አብሔር፡ ፍቅረ፡ ምስለ፡ ምታ፡ ዐምደ፡ ጽዮን፡ ዘገብረ፡ ፈቀዩ፡ በመልእክናሃ፡ በከመ፡ ገብር፡ ብፁዕ፡ ኂር፡ ዘያስተፌሥሕ፡ እግዚኡ፡ በመልእክቱ፡ ከማሁ፡ ሠናየ፡ ገብረት፡ በመልእክታ፡ የሀበ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ዕዓተ፡ አሜን።
English
... and I have brought this gʷǝlt and all that I have done, which my lord King ʿAmda Ṣǝyon commanded me, and he said to me: “Go, arrive at the place of Māṭaʿ in the land and the work of his will, for the blessed Māṭaʿ, my beloved.” And he said to me: “Take up the Lord in the time of the inheritance of my lord ʿAmda Ṣǝyon.” And I rejoiced and I wept, and I mourned and I rolled about at the tomb of Māṭaʿ, as my lord ʿAmda Ṣǝyon commanded me, doing for him the will of the Lord according to the desire of his heart. And he said to me: “I will call out and reveal, as the Lord gives me in the kingdom of heaven, for the span of my life, many. Amen. May the Lord give this one small great thing. Amen. May the Lord give this one on earth, this one in our heavens. Amen. This one that eats and that does not eat. Amen. And this one that is measured and that is not measured. Amen. And may his times be prolonged on the face of the earth. Amen. And may the door and his enemies be closed. Amen. And may his sins be erased and the book of his hand be destroyed. Amen. May the Lord give wisdom as to Solomon. Amen. May the Lord give grace as to David. Amen. May the Lord give patience as to Job. Amen. May the Lord give strength as to Joshua. Amen. And for this Bǝlen Sābā, the lady of the house, may the Lord give love with the death of ʿAmda Ṣǝyon, who did his will through her message, as the servant of the blessed elder who pleases his lord through his message, like her good deed through her message. May the Lord give a sign. Amen.
LIT6327CCR20:4 · narrativemedium
Source
የማ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ መዋዕለ፡ ብዙኀነ፡ በፍሥሐ፡ ዘአልቦ፡ ሐዘነ፡ ምስለ፡ ምታ፡ በ ምደ፡ ጸዮን፡ አሜን። ወአመ፡ ዕለተ፡ ጽዋዐሆሙ፡ ያስምዖሙ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ቃለ፡ ፍሥሐ፡ ዘይብል፡ ንዑ፡ ኀቤየ፡ በሩካኑያ፡ ለአቡየ፡ ትረሱ፡ መንግሥተ፡ ዘአስተዳለወ፡ ለክሙ፡ እምቅድ መ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን። ወይበርክ፡ ውሉዶሙ፡ አሜን፤ ወያብዝኀ፡ በርኦሙ፡ ከመ፡ ከከበ፡ ሰማይ፡ ወከመ፡ ኖ፡ ባሕር፡ አሜን፡ ወአሜን። ወይበል፡ ኵሉ፡ ሕዝብ፡ አሜን፡ ወአሜን። ወኵል ክሙ፡ እለ፡ አንበብክሙ፡ ጸልዩ፡ ለንጉሥ፡ ዐምደ፡ ጽዮን፡ ወ ለንግሥት፡ ብሴን፡ ሰባ፡ ከመ፡ ይምሐሮሙ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ በሰማይ፡ ወበምድር፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን፡ ወአሜን።
English
of the Lord God, a feast of many in joy without sorrow, with Māṭaʿ in the land of Ṣǝyon. Amen. And when the day of their journey makes them hear, the Lord God, a word of joy which says: “Come to me, O blessed ones, to my father, inherit the kingdom which he prepared for you from the beginning of the world.” Amen. And may he bless their children. Amen. And may he multiply their number like the stars of the sky and like the sand of the sea. Amen. And amen. And may all the people say: “Amen and amen.” And all of you who have read, pray for King ʿAmda Ṣǝyon and for Queen Bǝlen Sābā, that the Lord God may have mercy on them in heaven and on earth forever and ever. Amen and amen.
Citation. Tergwame, “Gʷǝlt by Bǝlen Sābā”, LIT6327CCR20:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/LIT6327CCR20#s1
Colophon. Source: betmas · licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0027 · generated 2026-11-15.