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Restoration of gʷǝlt by Tasfāna ʾƎgzi’

Anonymous · betmas

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machine-draft · no human review 2 passages · 479 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

The document records the restoration of gʷǝlt (hereditary land rights) by Tasfāna ʾƎgziʾ, likely to a church in the ʾAwegər region of medieval Ethiopia. It opens with a Trinitarian invocation, declares the restoration, lists donated items, and closes with a blessing and reaffirmation. The text survives only in the betmas edition, with no known manuscript witnesses, and its original language (Geʿez or Amharic) and date remain uncertain. The name Tasfāna ʾƎgziʾ and the legal context suggest a period after the 13th century, but external corroboration is lacking.

The document provides insight into medieval Ethiopian land tenure and ecclesiastical patronage, illustrating how gʷǝlt grants were restored and reaffirmed. It relates to broader patterns of pious endowment in the Christian Horn of Africa and offers a rare glimpse into local elite networks. Its survival, though fragmentary, contributes to understanding legal and social practices in the period after the 13th century.

Historical context

The work belongs to the Ethiopian tradition of gʷǝlt grants, which were hereditary land endowments often tied to ecclesiastical or noble tenure, common from the 13th century onward. The donor Tasfāna ʾƎgziʾ, son of ʾƎngǝda ʾƎgziʾ and Maʿakǝla Baḥr, is identified as a servant of the latter, situating him in the local elite. The text mentions the Era of Mercy year 200, corresponding to the reign of King Wǝdǝm ʾArʿada, providing a relative date. The restoration of gʷǝlt to the church of Maṭāʿ reflects a pattern of pious endowment in medieval Ethiopia. The manuscript tradition is unknown; the text survives only in the betmas edition, limiting knowledge of its transmission and textual history. The original language (Geʿez or Amharic) and whether it is a copy or original are unclear.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

11 commentary units 3 term2 background2 structure2 caution1 dating1 reception 0 derived notes 4 open questions 2 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: other in Geʿez; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 2 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: betmas — CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
LIT6322CCR15:1 · narrativemedium
Source
በአኰቴተ፡ አብ፡ ወወልድ፡ ወመንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ዘአግባእኩ፡ ጕልተ፡ በተገፍዐ፡ አነ፡ ተስፋነ፡ እግዚእ፡ ለመጣዕ፡ ዘአህም፡ ከመ፡ ይትወኀሰኒ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ በመንግሥተ፡ ሰማያት፡ በድ ዕዱዕ፡ ጊ፡ ዐድ፡ በአዌግር፡ ር፡ ዐድ፡ ወእለንታ፡ ሲሴት፡ ወገዕበ፡ ለሐማ፡ ወማጕልብታ፡ ቤሐት፡ ወእንቀርዖ፡ ወመስቀል፡ ዘምሉ እ፡ ዘወርቅ፡ ወብሩር፡ ወሰርፍ፡ ወ፪፡ ብርኪናይ፡ ወአርብዓ፡ ላ ህም፡ ወለደቂቀ፡ መካንኒ፡ ኀምሰ፡ ላህም፡ ወለገበዝ፡ በአህም፡ ብርዔናይ፡ ወሀብኩ፡ ዘንተ፡ ኵሎ፡ አነ፡ ተስፋነ፡ እግዚእ፡ ከመ፡ ይትወሐሰኒ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ በመንግሥተ፡ ሰማያት፡ ምስለ፡ እ ምየ፡ ወውሉድየ፡ ወብእሲትየ፡ ወደቂቀ፡ ደቂቅየ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓ ለም፡ አሜን። ወበንተ፡ ኵሎ፡ ወሀብኩ፡ ወአግባእኩ፡ ጕልተ፡ ዘተገፍዐ፡ አነ፡ ተስፋነ፡ እግዚእ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ መጣዕ፡ አእሚርየ፡ ከመ፡ የኀልፍ፡ ኵሎ፡ ወመጠዕኒ፡ ከመ፡ ይኩነኒ፡ መርሐ፡ በመ ንግሥተ፡ ሰማያት፡ ወያኑኅ፡ መዋዕልየ፡ በዲበ፡ ምድር፡ ወይዕ ቀብ፡ ነፍስየ፡ ወሥጋየ፡ ወበውስተ፡ ፩ብእኒ፡ ያግርር፡ ጸርየ፡ ወ ጸላእትየ፡ ወይሖር፡ ምስሌየ፡ በኀበ፡ ሐርኩ፡ እመሂ፡ በውስተ፡
English
In the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, I, Tasfāna ʾƎgziʾ, have restored the gʷǝlt which had been destroyed, for the church of Maṭāʿ, so that the Lord may forgive me in the kingdom of heaven, at the appointed time, in the land of ʾAwegər, at the appointed time. And these are: Sīset and Gaʿba for Ḥāma, and the enclosure of the gʷǝlt, the house, and the incense burner, and the cross of silver, of gold and of silver, and the cloth, and two cushions, and forty loaves, and for the poor of the monastery five loaves, and for the priest in the month of Bərʿennāy. And I have given all this, I, Tasfāna ʾƎgziʾ, so that the Lord may forgive me in the kingdom of heaven, together with my mother, my children, my wife, and my grandchildren, forever and ever. Amen. And with all this, I have given and restored the gʷǝlt which had been destroyed, I, Tasfāna ʾƎgziʾ, for the holy Maṭāʿ, my lord, so that it may pass all and be my guide, so that it may be for me a guide in the kingdom of heaven, and may prolong my days upon earth, and may protect my soul and my body, and within one house may it destroy my enemy and my adversaries, and may it go with me to the place where I go, if within.
LIT6322CCR15:2 · narrativemedium
Source
ፍኖት፡ ወእመሂ፡ በውስተ፡ ብሔር፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን። ወዓዲ፡ ይምሐራ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ለእምየ፡ ባሕሮ፡ እንተ፡ ትዓ ቅብ፡ መንግሥትየ፡ በአፍቅሮተ፡ ቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ወበምሒረ፡ ነዳያን፡ ወምስኪናን፡ ወያኑኅ፡ መዋዕሊሃ፡ በዲበ፡ ምድር፡ ወይ ዕቀብ፡ ነፍሳ፡ ወሥጋ፡ በጸሎቱ፡ ለቅዱስ፡ መጣዕ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓ ለም፡ አሜን፡ ወአሜን። ወዘንተ፡ ዘአጽሐፍኩ፡ አነ፡ ተስፋነ፡ እግዚእ፡ ቦ፪፡ ምእት፡ ትወ፩፡ ዓመተ፡ ምሕረት፡ እንዘ፡ ንጉሥ፡ ውድም፡ አርዐደ፡ ወሥዩመ፡ አንትርታ፡ ወዐቃቤ፡ ጸንጸን፡ ወ ሐሳን፡ አነ፡ ተስፋነ፡ እግዚእ፡ ወልዱ፡ ለእንግዳ፡ እግዚእ፡ ወማ እክለ፡ ባሕር፡ ገብሩ፡ ወእንዘ፡ ሥዩመ፡ ደብረ፡ ማዕጸ፡ ዝዋቦ፡ እግዚእ፡ ወእመቦ፡ ዘተኀየለ፡ ዘንተ፡ ጕልተ፡ ዘአርታዕኩ፡ አነ፡ ተስፋነ፡ እግዚእ፡ እመሂ፡ ስዩም፡ ወእመሂ፡ መኰንን፡ ወእመሂ፡ ቃለ፡ ነጋሂ፡ ውጉዘ፡ ለይኩን፡ በሰማይ፡ ወበምድር፡ በአፈ፡ ፲ወር፡ ነቢያት፡ ወበአፈ፡ ፲ወ፪፡ ሐዋርያት፡ ወበአፈ፡ ፫የወ፰፡ ርቱዓነ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ ወበአፉሁ፡ ለብፁዕ፡ መጣዕ፡ ዘኢይትፈታ ሕ፡ በጸም፡ ወበጸሎት፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን፡ ወአሜን። ወ አንትሙሂ፡ ቅዱሳን፡ እለ፡ ትነብሩ፡ ውስተ፡ መካን፡ ጸልዩ፡ ሰ ተስፋነ፡ እግዚእ፡ ሰርክ፡ ወነግሀ፡ ሌሊተ፡ ወምዓልተ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡ አሜን፡ ወአሜን። ወተርጓሚሁ፡ አነ፡ አስፍሐ፡ ዐቃቤ፡ ሶበት፡ ዘመጣዕ።
English
...the way, and if in the land, for ever and ever, amen. And again, may the Lord have mercy on my mother, the sea which receives my kingdom, through the love of the church and through the mercy of the poor and the needy, and may He prolong her days upon the earth, and may He preserve her soul and body through the prayer of Saint Maṭāʿ, for ever and ever, amen and amen. And this which I, Tasfāna ʾƎgziʾ, have written, in the year 200 of the Era of Mercy, while King Wǝdǝm ʾArʿada was reigning, and while the governor of Ẓǝnẓǝn and Ḥasan was appointed, I, Tasfāna ʾƎgziʾ, son of ʾƎngǝda ʾƎgziʾ and Maʿakǝla Baḥr, his servant, and while the governor of Dabra Maʿǝẓa was appointed, this gʷǝlt which I have restored, I, Tasfāna ʾƎgziʾ, if a governor, or if a judge, or if a herald, let him be accursed in heaven and on earth, by the mouth of the ten prophets and by the mouth of the twelve apostles and by the mouth of the three hundred and eighteen orthodox fathers, and by the mouth of the blessed Maṭāʿ of Qʷayyǝtfaḥ, by curse and by prayer, for ever and ever, amen and amen. And you, O saints who dwell in this place, pray for Tasfāna ʾƎgziʾ, evening and morning, night and day, for ever and ever, amen and amen. And its interpreter, I, ʾAsfǝḥa, the guardian of the Sabbath of Maṭāʿ.
Citation. Tergwame, “Restoration of gʷǝlt by Tasfāna ʾƎgzi’”, LIT6322CCR15:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/LIT6322CCR15#s1
Colophon. Source: betmas · licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0017 · generated 2026-11-15.