Work dossier · summary and historical context
This anonymous Geʿez homily is a festal encomium for the Archangel Michael, appointed for the month of Naḥase (August) in the Ethiopian liturgical calendar. It emphasizes Michael’s intercessory role and protection of the faithful, blending praise of the archangel with a narrative about a gazelle named Sosna—a loanword from Coptic—and three judges. The homily survives only in Ethiopic manuscripts, with no known Coptic or Arabic source. Its structure, which shifts from encomium to hagiographic story and concludes with blessings invoking Mary, is typical of Ethiopic angelological homilies. The text is part of a broader corpus of Michaeline literature in Ethiopian Orthodox tradition, often read during the annual commemoration of Michael on the 12th of Naḥase.
This homily exemplifies the integration of angel veneration, local hagiography, and Marian devotion in Ethiopian Orthodox tradition. Its narrative of the gazelle Sosna reflects Coptic influence on Ethiopic literature, while its liturgical assignment to Naḥase underscores the centrality of Michael in the Ethiopian calendar. The text contributes to understanding the development of angelological homilies in the later Aksumite and Zagwe periods, though its uncertain dating and anonymous authorship caution against firm historical conclusions.
The homily is anonymous and undated, with composition conventionally placed in the later Aksumite or early Zagwe period (13th–15th centuries) based on linguistic and liturgical features, though this remains uncertain. It survives only in Geʿez manuscripts, transmitted within Ethiopian monastic circles that cultivated angelological homilies. The text is appointed for Naḥase (August), the month of Michael’s feast in the Ethiopian calendar, and belongs to a larger Ethiopic corpus of Michaeline literature, including works attributed to Theodosius of Alexandria. No Coptic or Arabic Vorlage has been identified, suggesting either a lost source or original composition in Geʿez. The homily’s narrative of the gazelle Sosna and the three judges echoes Copto-Arabic hagiographic motifs, indicating cultural and literary exchange between Egypt and Ethiopia. The source edition (betmas) lacks a critical apparatus, limiting assessment of textual stability or manuscript stemma.
Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded
| Coptic | Rendering | Count | First |
|---|---|---|---|
| no glossary terms recorded | |||