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ካልእት፡ መልእክተ፡ ጳውሎስ፡ ኀበ፡ ሰብአ፡ ተሰሎንቄ፡

Anonymous · betmas

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machine-draft · no human review 7 passages · 1,235 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

The Geʿez version of the Second Epistle of Paul to the Thessalonians (ካልእት መልእክተ ጳውሎስ ኀበ ሰብአ ተሰሎንቄ) is a translation of the canonical New Testament letter, preserved within the Ethiopian Orthodox tradition. The text includes unique expansions and liturgical adaptations, such as a chapter heading and thematic subtitle absent from the Greek original. Its precise date of translation is unknown, but it likely originated in the medieval period of Ethiopic biblical translation. The source edition (betmas) provides the Geʿez text and an English draft without detailed manuscript provenance or critical apparatus.

This Geʿez version of 2 Thessalonians is significant for illustrating how a canonical New Testament text was adapted within the Ethiopian Orthodox tradition, incorporating local liturgical and pastoral elements. It provides evidence of the transmission of Pauline literature in the Horn of Africa and the creative reception of biblical texts in a non-Greek context. The unique additions, such as the thematic subtitle and expanded eschatological promises, offer insights into Ethiopian exegetical and liturgical practices.

Historical context

The Geʿez version of 2 Thessalonians belongs to the broader Ethiopic Pauline corpus, transmitted within the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church as part of the canonical New Testament. The translation likely occurred during the medieval period (possibly 5th–14th centuries), when Geʿez biblical manuscripts were produced in monastic scriptoria, often based on earlier Greek or Syriac exemplars. The Ethiopian church accepted the Pauline epistles as authoritative, and they were read liturgically. The text shows local adaptations, such as expanded eschatological promises and pastoral additions, reflecting the community's theological and liturgical needs. The lack of precise dating and manuscript provenance in the source edition (betmas) limits certainty about the translation's origin, but it aligns with the broader tradition of Ethiopic biblical translation, which flourished under the Aksumite and later Solomonic dynasties.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

37 commentary units 9 term7 structure7 background5 scripture5 reception3 caution1 sense 0 derived notes 13 open questions 7 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • coverageNo English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed.
  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: other in Geʿez; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 7 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: betmas — CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
LIT3523Epistle:1 · narrativehigh
Source
Introduction Epistle Text of the EOTC printed Bible ምዕራፍ 1 በእንተ፡ ተመክሖ፡ በፍቅረ፡ አኀው እምጳውሎስ፡ ወስልዋኖስ፡ ወጢሞቴዎስ፡ ለቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ ዘተሰሎንቄ። ምእመናን፡ በእግዚአብሔር፡ አቡነ፡ ወእግዚእነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ። ሰላም፡ ለክሙ፡ ወጸጋ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አቡነ፡ ወእግዚእነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ። ርቱዕ፡ ናእኵቶ፡ ለእግዚአብሔር፡ በኵሉ፡ ጊዜ፡ በእንቲኣክሙ፡ አኀዊነ፡ በከመ፡ ይደልዎ። እስመ፡ ዐብየት፡ ሃይማኖትክሙ፡ ወፈድፈደት፡ ተፋቅሮትክሙ፡ ምስለ፡ ኵሉ፡ ቢጽክሙ። ከመ፡ ንሕነኒ፡ ንትመካሕ፡ ብክሙ፡ በቤተ፡ ክርስቲያኑ፡ ለእግዚአብሔር። በእንተ፡ ሃይማኖትክሙ፡ ወትዕግሥትክሙ፡ በሕማምክሙ፡ ወምንዳቤክሙ፡ ዘትትዔገሡ፡ ወትትዌከፉ። ከመ፡ ታርእዩ፡ ኵነኔ፡ ጽድቁ፡ ለእግዚአብሔር። ከመ፡ ይክፍልክሙ፡ መንግሥቶ፡ ዘበእንቲኣሁ፡ ተሐምሙ። በእንተ፡ ምጽአተ፡ እግዚእነ ወርቱዕሰ፡ ይትፈደዩ፡ በኀበ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ሕማመ፡ እለ፡ ያሐምሙክሙ።
English
Second Epistle of Paul to the People of Thessalonica — Anonymous Chapter 1 Concerning the Consolation in Brotherly Love From Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy to the Church of the Thessalonians, the faithful in God our Father and our Lord Jesus Christ. Peace to you and grace from God our Father and our Lord Jesus Christ. We give thanks to God at all times for you, our brothers, as is fitting. For great is your faith and abundant your love with all your patience. As we also take pride in you in the Church of God, on account of your faith and your endurance in your suffering and your affliction, which you endure and bear. So that you may show the judgment of the righteousness of God, that He may grant you His kingdom for which you have suffered. Concerning the coming of our Lord. And it is right that they be comforted by God, those who cause you suffering.
LIT3523Epistle:2 · narrativehigh
Source
ወለክሙ፡ ለእለ፡ ተሐምሙ፡ ዕረፍተ፡ ምስሌነ። በምጽአቱ፡ ለእግዚእነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ እምሰማያት፡ ምስለ፡ መላእክተ፡ ኀይሉ። ከመ፡ ይትበቀሎሙ፡ በነደ፡ እሳት፡ ለእለ፡ ኢየአምርዎ፡ ለእግዚአብሔር። ወለእለ፡ ኢይሰምዑ፡ ትምህርተ፡ ወንጌሉ፡ ለእግዚእነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ። ወይረክቡ፡ ፍዳሆሙ፡ ኵነኔ፡ ሀጕል፡ ወተሠርዎ፡ ዘለዓለም። እምቅድመ፡ ገጹ፡ ለእግዚእነ፡ ወእምስብሐተ፡ ኀይሉ። በእንተ፡ ነሢአ፡ ዕሴት አመ፡ ይመጽእ፡ ይሴባሕ፡ በቅዱሳኒሁ፡ ወይትአኰት፡ በእለ፡ የአምኑ፡ ቦቱ። እስመ፡ ይትአመነነ፡ ስምዕነ፡ በላዕሌክሙ፡ በይእቲ፡ ዕለት። ወበእንተ፡ ዝ፡ እጼሊ፡ ዘልፈ፡ በእንቲኣክሙ። ከመ፡ ይክፍልክሙ፡ ርስቶ፡ ዘጸውዐክሙ፡ እግዚአብሔር። ወይፈጽም፡ ለክሙ፡ ኵሎ፡ ሣህሎ፡ ወሠናይቶ፡ ወምግባረ፡ ሃይማኖት፡ በኀይሉ። ከመ፡ ይሰባሕ፡ ስመ፡ ለእግዚእነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ በላዕሌክሙ። ወአንትሙሂ፡ ቦቱ፡ በከመ፡ ጸጋሁ፡ ለአምላክነ፡ ወእግዚእነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ። ወአንትሙሂ፡ ተሀልዉ፡ ቦቱ።
English
And for you who have found rest with us in the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ from the heavens with the angels of his power, so that he may avenge them with the fire of those who did not know the Lord God and those who did not heed the teaching and gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ. And they shall receive their punishment, judgment of sorrow and eternal separation from before the face of our Lord and from the glory of his power, because of the lack of worth. When he comes, he will be praised among his saints and glorified among those who believe in him, for the hearing of faith will be confirmed over you on that day. And because of this, I pray continually on your behalf, that he may grant you the inheritance to which the Lord God has called you, and that he may accomplish for you all his mercy and goodness and the works of faith through his power, so that the name of our Lord Jesus Christ may be praised over you. And you also, abide in him, according to the grace of our God and Lord Jesus Christ.
LIT3523Epistle:3 · narrativemedium
Source
ምዕራፍ 2 በእንተ፡ ምጽአቱ፡ ለእግዚእነ ንነግረክሙ፡ አኀዊነ፡ በእንተ፡ ምጽአተ፡ እግዚእነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ። ወአንትሙሂ፡ ውስተ፡ ማኅበሩ፡ ዑቁ፡ ኢያደንግፁክሙ፡ ፍጡነ። ወኢትትሀወኩ፡ እምአእምሮ፡ ኢ፡ በመንፈስ፡ ወኢ፡ በነገር፡ ወኢ፡ በመጽሐፍ። ከመ፡ ዘእምኀቤነ፡ ለእመ፡ ትመጽእ፡ ዕለተ፡ እግዚእነ። በእንተ፡ ሐሳዊ፡ መሲሕ አልቦ፡ ዘያስሕተክሙ፡ ወኢ፡ በምንትኒ። እስመ፡ ኢትመጽእ፡ ይእቲ፡ ዕለት፡ ለእመ፡ ኢቀደመ፡ መጺአ፡ ዘየሀውክ። ወይትከሠት፡ ብእሴ፡ ዐመፃ፡ ወልደ፡ ሕርትምና። ዐላዊ፡ ወሐሳዊ፡ ዘያዐቢ፡ ርእሶ፡ ወይብል፡ ለኵሉ። አነ፡ ውእቱ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ አምላክ። ወይነብር፡ በቤተ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ወይሬሲ፡ ርእሶ፡ ከመ፡ እግዚአብሔር። ኢትዜከሩኑ፡ ከመ፡ አመ፡ ሀሎኩ፡ ኀቤክሙ፡ አቅደምኩ፡ ወነገርኩክሙ፡ ዘንተ። ወይእዜኒ፡ ተአምሩ፡ ዘይከልኦ፡ አስተርእዮ፡ እስከ፡ ይበጽሕ፡ ዕድሜሁ። እስመ፡ እከየ፡ ምክረ፡ ኀጢአት፡ ወድአ፡ ይትገበር፡ በላዕሌሁ። ወዳእሙ፡ ይእዜሰ፡ እኁዝ፡ እስከ፡ ይትኀደግ፡ እማእከል። በእንተ፡ ግብረ፡ ሐሳዌ፡ መሲሕ
English
Chapter 2 Concerning the coming of our Lord We tell you, our brothers, concerning the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ. And you, within his assembly, stand firm and do not let them shake you quickly. And do not be confused in mind, neither in spirit, nor in word, nor in scripture, as if from us, if the day of our Lord comes concerning the hidden Messiah. There is none who can lead you astray, nor in anything, for that day will come if the one who has come, whom you know, arrives first. And the man of iniquity, the son of perdition, will be revealed. The arrogant and hidden one who raises his head and says to all, "I am the Lord God," and dwells in the house of the Lord God, and raises his head like the Lord God. Do you not remember that when I was with you, I preceded and told you this? And now, know what he is able to manifest until his age is fulfilled. For such a counsel of sin and evil is done against him. And his mother now holds him until he is released from the midst concerning the work of the hidden Messiah.
LIT3523Epistle:4 · narrativehigh
Source
ወይእተ፡ አሚረ፡ ይትከሠት፡ ወልደ፡ ዐመፃ፡ ኃጥእ። ዘሀለዎ፡ ያጥፍኦ፡ መንፈሱ፡ ለእግዚእነ፡ ኢየሱስ። ወይስዕሮ፡ በአስተርእዮተ፡ ምጽአቱ። ወምጽአቱሰ፡ ለዝንቱ፡ በኀይለ፡ ሰይጣን፡ በኵሉ፡ ኀይል፡ ወትእምርት፡ ወመንክር፡ ዘሐሰት። ወበኵሉ፡ አስሕቶ፡ ዘኀጢአት፡ ለሕርቱማን። እስመ፡ ኢተወክፉ፡ ፍቅረ፡ ቃለ፡ ጽድቅ፡ በዘየሐይዉ። ወበእንተ፡ ዝ፡ ይፌኑ፡ ሎሙ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ኀይለ፡ መስሕተ፡ ከመ፡ ይእመኑ፡ በሐሰት። ከመ፡ ይትኰነኑ፡ ኵሎሙ፡ እለ፡ ኢየአምኑ፡ በጽድቅ፡ ወየኀብሩ፡ በዐመፃ። አኰቴተ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ በእንተ፡ ምእመናን ወንሕነሰ፡ አኀዊነ፡ ርቱዕ፡ ናእኵቶ፡ ለእግዚአብሔር፡ ዘልፈ፡ በእንቲኣክሙ። እለ፡ አፍቀረክሙ፡ እግዚአብሔር። እስመ፡ ኀረየክሙ፡ ወተሣሀለክሙ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ርእሰ፡ ሕይወት። በተቀድሶ፡ መንፈስ፡ ወበሃይማኖተ፡ ጽድቅ። ዘበእንቲኣሁ፡ ጸውዐክሙ፡ በትምህርተ፡ ወንጌሉ። ከመ፡ ትሕየዉ፡ በስብሐቲሁ፡ ለእግዚእነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ።
English
And that one, the son of iniquity, the sinner, who has it, will destroy the spirit of our Lord Jesus, and will lead astray through the revelation of his coming. And the coming of this one is by the power of Satan, with all force, sign, and false wonder. And with every seduction of sin for the pagans, for they have abandoned the love of the word of righteousness in which they lived. And because of this, the Lord God will punish them with the power of falsehood, so that they believe in falsehood. So that all those who believe in righteousness and join in iniquity will be condemned. The praise of the Lord God for the faithful. And we, our steadfast brothers, praise the Lord God always for you, whom the Lord God has loved, for the Lord God has chosen you and had mercy on you, the head of life, through the Holy Spirit and the faith of righteousness. For this reason, he called you through the teaching of his Gospel, so that you may live in the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ.
LIT3523Epistle:5 · narrativehigh
Source
ወይእዜኒ፡ አኀዊነ፡ ቁሙ፡ ወዕቀቡ፡ ትእዛዘ። ዘመሀሩክሙ፡ ወሠርዑክሙ፡ ዘበቃልነ፡ ወዘበመጽሐፍነ። ወውእቱ፡ እግዚእነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ወእግዚአብሔር፡ አቡነ። ዘአፍቀረነ፡ ወወሀበነ፡ ፍሥሓ፡ ዘለዓለም፡ ወተስፋ፡ ሠናየ። ጸጋሁ፡ ውእቱ፡ ያስተፍሥሕክሙ፡ ልበክሙ። ወያጽንዕክሙ፡ በኵሉ፡ ምግባር፡ ወበኵሉ፡ ቃል፡ ሠናይ። ምዕራፍ 3 ጸሎት፡ በእንተ፡ ስፍሐተ፡ ትምህርት ወይእዜኒ፡ አኀዊነ፡ ጸልዩ፡ ለነ፡ ከመ፡ ይሩጽ፡ ቃለ፡ እግዚአብሔር። ወይሰባሕ፡ በከመ፡ በኀቤክሙ። ወከመ፡ ንድኀን፡ እምሰብእ፡ እኩያን፡ ወዐላውያን። እስመ፡ አኮ፡ ኵሉ፡ ዘየአምን። ወእግዚአብሔርሰ፡ ምእመን፡ ወጻድቅ፡ ዘያጸንዐክሙ፡ ወየዐቅበክሙ፡ እምኵሉ፡ እኩይ። ንትአመነክሙ፡ ምስለ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ከመ፡ ትግበሩ፡ ዘአዘዝናክሙ፡ ወገበርክሙሂ። ወእግዚእነ፡ ያርትዕ፡ ልበክሙ፡ ውስተ፡ ፍቅረ፡ እግዚአብሔር፡ ወውስተ፡ ተስፋሁ፡ ለክርስቶስ። ዘከመ፡ ይደሉ፡ በሊዕ፡ በተቀንዮ አኀዊነ፡ ንኤዝዘክሙ፡ በስመ፡ እግዚእነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ። ተገሐሥዎሙ፡ ለኵሎሙ፡ ቢጽ፡ እለ፡ የሐውሩ፡ በትምይንት። ወአኮ፡ በሥርዐት፡ ዘሠራዕናሆሙ።
English
And now, our brothers, stand firm and keep the commandment of him who taught you and commanded you, both by our word and by our book. And that one, our Lord Jesus Christ and God our Father, who loved us and gave us eternal joy and good hope. His grace it is that will gladden your heart and strengthen you in every good deed and in every good word. Chapter 3 Prayer concerning the spreading of teaching And now, our brothers, pray for us that the word of God may spread and be praised among you. And that we may be saved from evil and hostile men, for not everyone who believes. But God, faithful and just, will strengthen you and protect you from all evil. We trust you with God that you will do what we have commanded you and what you have done. And our Lord will direct your heart into the love of God and into the hope of Christ, which is fitting, having been consumed in humility. Our brothers, we exhort you in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ: rebuke all those who walk in error and not in the order which we have established for them.
LIT3523Epistle:6 · narrativemedium
Source
ለሊክሙ፡ ተአምሩ፡ ከመ፡ ርቱዕ፡ ትትመሰሉነ፡ ከመ፡ ኢሰሳዕነ፡ ላዕሌክሙ። ወኢበላዕነ፡ እክለ፡ ባዕድ፡ በከንቱ። ዘእንበለ፡ ዳእሙ፡ ዘንጻሙ፡ ወንሠርሕ፡ መዓልተ፡ ወሌሊተ። ወንትጌበር፡ ከመ፡ ኢናክብድ፡ ላዕሌክሙ። ወአኮሰ፡ ዘኢኮነ፡ ብዉሐነ። ዳእሙ፡ አርአያ፡ ከመ፡ ንኩንክሙ፡ ከመ፡ አንትሙ፡ ትትመሰሉነ። ትእዛዝ፡ በእንተ፡ ቅኔ ወአመሂ፡ ሀለውኩ፡ ኀቤክሙ፡ ዘንተ፡ አዘዝኩክሙ። ዘኢይፈቅድ፡ ይትቀነይ፡ ኢይሴሰይ። ሰማዕነ፡ ከመ፡ ቦ፡ እምውስቴትክሙ፡ እለ፡ የሐውሩ፡ በሁከት። ወአልቦ፡ ዘይትቀነዩ፡ ዓዲ፡ መስተሐውራን። ወለእለ፡ ከመ፡ ዝ፡ ንኤዝዞሙ፡ ወንጌሥጾሙ፡ በስመ፡ እግዚእነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ። ከመ፡ በየውሀት፡ ወበጽምው፡ ይትገበሩ፡ ተግባሮሙ፡ ወይሴሰዩ፡ ሲሳዮሙ። ወአንትሙሂ፡ አኀዊነ፡ ኢትትሐከዩ፡ ገቢረ፡ ሠናይ፡ ኵሉ፡ ጊዜ። ሥርዐት፡ በእንተ፡ ዘኢይትኤዘዝ ወእመ፡ ቦ፡ ዘኢይትኤዘዝ፡ ለቃልክሙ፡ ወለመጽሐፍክሙ። ይትፈለጥ፡ ወኢትትሐወልዎ፡ ከመ፡ ይትኀፈር።
English
Be amazed at yourselves, that you imitate us rightly, as our labor is upon you. And we have not eaten the bread of another in vain, without your knowledge. We are watchful by day and night, and we act so that we may honor you. And indeed, what was abundant, your knowledge is an example that we may be to you as you imitate us, a commandment concerning the reed. And when I was with you, I commanded you this: that he who wishes to be shorn should not be shorn. We have heard that there are among you those who walk in confusion, and there is no one who is shorn, nor again wanderers. And to those who are like this, we command and rebuke them in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that their deeds be done in sweat and thirst, and their shorn ones be shorn. And you also, our brothers, be zealous in doing good at all times, a custom concerning him who will not be commanded. And if there is one who will not be commanded by your word and your book, let him be separated, and do not associate with him, so that he may be ashamed.
LIT3523Epistle:7 · narrativehigh
Source
ወከመሰ፡ ጸላኢ፡ ኢትረስይዎ፡ አላ፡ ገሥጽዎ፡ ከመ፡ እኁክሙ። ወውእቱ፡ አምላከ፡ ሰላም፡ የሀብክሙ፡ ሰላመ፡ በኵሉ፡ ጊዜ፡ ወበኵሉ፡ ግብር። ወእግዚእነ፡ የሀሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ኵልክሙ። ዘንተ፡ አምኃ፡ ጸሐፍኩ፡ ለክሙ፡ በእዴየ፡ አነ፡ ጳውሎስ። ወዝንቱ፡ ትእምርትየ፡ ውስተ፡ ኵሉ፡ መጻሕፍትየ፡ ከመ፡ ዝ፡ እጽሕፍ። ጸጋሁ፡ ለእግዚእነ፡ ኢየሱስ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ የሀሉ፡ ምስለ፡ ኵልክሙ፡ አሜን።
English
And as for the enemy, I have not ceased to rebuke him, that he may be your brother. And may the God of peace give you peace at all times and in every deed. And may our Lord be with all of you. This much I have written to you with my own hand, I, Paul. And this is my sign in all my letters, that I write thus. May the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with all of you. Amen.
Citation. Tergwame, “ካልእት፡ መልእክተ፡ ጳውሎስ፡ ኀበ፡ ሰብአ፡ ተሰሎንቄ፡”, LIT3523Epistle:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/LIT3523Epistle#s1
Colophon. Source: betmas · licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0038 · generated 2026-11-15.