Work dossier · summary and historical context
The Image of Salāmā is an anonymous Geʿez hagiography celebrating Salāmā, a foundational figure in Ethiopian Christianity traditionally identified with Frumentius, the fourth-century missionary credited with introducing Christianity to the Aksumite kingdom. The text survives in manuscript form from the betmas source, though its exact date and authorship remain unknown. Likely composed after the sixth century, it belongs to the genre of hagiography and may have served liturgical or commemorative functions within the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. The edition lacks critical apparatus or textual variants, limiting its use for source-critical study. The work employs poetic and metaphorical language, including imagery of spiritual warfare and biblical allusions, to depict Salāmā as an apostle and martyr.
The Image of Salāmā is significant as a witness to the hagiographic reception of Frumentius, a pivotal figure in Ethiopian church history. It reflects how later Ethiopian Christianity constructed its apostolic origins through poetic and metaphorical language, linking Salāmā to biblical and patristic imagery. The work relates to broader traditions of Christian hagiography in the Horn of Africa and the development of Geʿez literary culture.
The work is rooted in the Ethiopian Christian tradition, which traces its origins to the fourth-century conversion of the Aksumite king Ezana under the influence of Frumentius, known in Geʿez as Salāmā. The text likely emerged from the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, where Salāmā is venerated as a key evangelist. The Geʿez language, a South Semitic language, was the liturgical and literary language of Ethiopia from the Aksumite period onward. The hagiography probably postdates the sixth century, as the cult of Salāmā developed over time, but no precise dating evidence is provided. The betmas source suggests transmission through monastic or ecclesiastical channels, though the manuscript stemma is unclear. The genre of hagiography served to edify the faithful and reinforce the saint's role in Christianizing Ethiopia, often blending historical memory with legendary elements. The text's survival in Geʿez manuscripts indicates its continued use in liturgical or devotional contexts, though its exact function is not specified.
Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded
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