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Ethiopic · Hagiography ·

Malkǝʾ-hymn to Nob

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machine-draft · no human review 2 passages · 409 words

Work dossier · summary and historical context

Summary

The Malkǝʾ-hymn to Nob is an anonymous Geʿez poetic encomium praising the martyr Nob through a series of stanzas, each beginning with a body part or attribute. Preserved in a single manuscript (BnF Éth. 154) digitized by Beta maṣāḥǝft, the hymn follows the standard structure of the malkǝʾ genre. It is undated but conventionally placed in the later Solomonic period (15th–17th c.) based on genre and script. The text blends hagiographic and doxological language, referencing biblical figures (Saul, Apollo) and toponyms (Kenyā/Cenchreae), and names Yolyos (Julius) as Nob's burier. Its limited manuscript survival suggests local or private devotional use, and it is not known in current Ethiopian Orthodox liturgy.

The hymn provides rare evidence of a malkǝʾ dedicated to a little-known martyr, Nob, illustrating the diversity of Ethiopic hagiography beyond major saints. Its adaptation of biblical motifs (e.g., 'Saul, Saul' from Acts) and toponyms (Cenchreae) suggests creative engagement with apostolic traditions, while the naming of Yolyos as burier hints at lost local lore. The text's survival in a single manuscript underscores the fragility of such devotional works and the importance of digitization for preserving marginal Christian literatures.

Historical context

The hymn is preserved in a single Ethiopic manuscript (BnF Éth. 154) from an unknown date, conventionally assigned to the later Solomonic period (15th–17th c.) based on script and genre, though firm evidence is lacking. It was likely composed in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo tradition, possibly in the northern highlands (Tigray or Amhara), where Geʿez remained a liturgical language. The malkǝʾ genre flourished in this period as a form of private or local devotion, often for saints not widely venerated. Nob is a martyr of uncertain origin, possibly linked to the Coptic saint Noba; the hymn's references to Kenyā (Cenchreae) and Apollo suggest a Greco-Roman setting, perhaps reflecting imported traditions. The text's survival in a single witness and absence from liturgical use indicate it was a local composition, possibly for a monastic or noble patron. Transmission likely occurred through scribal copying in a limited circle, with no evidence of wider dissemination.

Apparatus · what the pipeline recorded

Annotation and terms

11 commentary units 2 structure2 background2 scripture2 term2 caution1 reception 0 derived notes 3 open questions 2 narrative
What the kinds mean

Pipeline notes

  • limitThe English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve.
  • registerRegister: hagiography in Geʿez; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them.
  • structurePassages: 2 narrative.
  • sourceSource edition: betmas — CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC

Term index

CopticRenderingCountFirst
no glossary terms recorded
LIT2873RepCh154:1 · narrativemedium
Source
ሰላም፡ ለዝክረ፡ ስምከ፡ ዘተተርጐመ፡ በወርቅ፨ ወለሥዕርትከ፡ ሰላም፡ በልሳነ፡ ትጋህ፡ ወጻህቅ፨ ለነቢበ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ኖብ፡ ሰማዕት፡ ህላዌ፡ ረቂቅ፨ ሳውል፡ ሳውል፡ በብሂል፡ እምሰማየ፡ ጸጋ፡ ምውቅ፨ ተግሣጸ፡ ጸውዖ፡ ይኩነኒ፡ ሀብትከ፡ መብረቅ፨ ሰላም፡ ለርእስከ፡ ዘአክሊለ፡ ሰማይ፡ ከለሎ፨ ወለብርሃናዊ፡ ገጽከ፡ ዘሰበነ፡ ላህይ፡ ጠብለሎ፨ ለአምላከ፡ ሰማይ፡ ኖብ፡ አመንኩከ፡ ሶበ፡ ትቤሎ፨ ለአጵሎን፡ እደ፡ ኬንያ፨ ዘበአምሳለ፡ ሰብእ፡ ሠዓሎ፨ ቅድመ፡ ዐላውያን፡ ነገሥት፡ አኅሠርከ፡ ኃይሎ፨ ሰላም፡ ለፀአተ፡ ነፍስከ፡ ከመ፡ መርዓዊ፡ እምጽርሑ፨ ወለዘገነዘ፡ በድንከ፡ ለዮልዮስ፡ እደ፡ ዚአሁ፨ ለሐመረ፡ ባሕር፡ ኖብ፡ ስቁል፡ ዲበ፡ ሠርዌሁ፨ ተዝካረ፡ ሞትከ፡ መላእክተ፡ ሰማይ፡ ሐራሁ፨ ለእግዚአ፡ ስብሐት፡ ክርስቶስ፡ ይገብሩ፡ ናሁ፨ ሰላም፡ ለግንዘተ፡ ሥጋከ፡ በመዐዛ፡ ዕፍረት፡ መንክር፨ ወለመቃብሪከ፡ ሰላም፡ ውስተ፡ ንኂሳ፡ ሀገር፨ ክርስቶስ፡ ኖብ፡ ትሩፈ፡ ዕበይ፡ ወክብር፨ ሐውጻ፡ በሣህልከ፡ አመ፡ ዕለተ፡ ደይን፡ ወጻዕር፨ ለኢየሩሳሌም፡ ነፍስየ፡ እምልዑል፡ ጠፈር፨
English
Salutation to the memory of your name, which was translated in gold; and salutation to your hair, in the tongue of the dawn and the noonday. To the prophet of Christ, Nob the martyr, whose existence is subtle. "Saul, Saul," it was said from the heaven of grace, a place of knowledge; the admonition called him; may your gift of lightning be mine. Salutation to your head, which a crown of heaven encircled; and to your luminous face, which proclaimed the sun, which it eclipsed. To the god of heaven, Nob, I believed in you when you said to him; to the hand of Apollo of Cenchreae, which in the likeness of a man he painted; before the rulers of the nations, you humbled his power. Salutation to the departure of your soul, like a bridegroom from his bridal chamber; and to the one who buried your body, the hand of Yolyos (Julius) himself. For the red sea, Nob, standing upon his chain; the angels of heaven prepared the commemoration of your death. Now they make praise for the Lord Christ. Salutation to the preparation of your body with the fragrance of myrrh, a marvel; and salutation to your tomb, within the city of Nekḥisa. Christ, Nob, abundant in greatness and glory; exchange by your mercy on the day of judgment and punishment; for my soul, from the high firmament, to Jerusalem.
LIT2873RepCh154:2 · narrativemedium
Source
አምጣነ፡ አእምሮ፡ ለልብየ፡ ሀብተ፡ መንፈስ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ወሀቦ፨ ሰላመ፡ መልክእከ፡ ነዋ፡ ምስለ፡ ብዙኅ፡ የብቦ፨ ግብረ፡ አምላክከ፡ ኖብ፡ ዘተኣምር፡ በአስተርክቦ፨ ብዙኀሰ፡ እምኔየ፡ እመ፡ ተኀሥሥ፡ አቅርቦ፨ ጸሪቀ፡ መበለት፡ ጥቀ፡ በእዴየ፡ አልቦ፨ ሰላም፡ ለከ፡ ሕፃነ፡ መንክራት፡ ኖብ፡ በእንተ፡ ስሙ፡ ለወልድ፨ ተፈልጦተ፡ ዘመድ፡ አብደርከ፡ በከዊነ፡ ነገድ፨ ከመ፡ ትፍልስ፡ ብሔረ፡ ባዕድ፨ ሰላም፡ ለከ፡ አመ፡ ከፈሉከ፡ ሐራ፡ ወረሰዩከ፡ ሠለስተ፨ እምተወከፎ፡ ሥቃይ፡ ኵሎ፡ ዕለተ፨ ልብከ፡ ኢተአተተ፨ ሰላም፡ ለከ፡ እፎ፡ ትትፌሣሕ፡ በእንቲአከ፡ ንኂሳ፨ እስመ፡ ብዝኀ፡ ጌጋይ፡ ኖብ፡ እስመ፡ ቀደሳ፨ ንጽሕከ፡ አክሊለ፡ ርእሳ፨ ሰላም፡ ለከ፡ አምልኮ፡ አማልክት፡ ሰብዓ፡ ተውላጠ፡ መነንከ፡ ኖብ፨ እስመ፡ መልአ፡ ብከ፡ ሀብተ፡ ጥበብ፨ እምሥራቀ፡ ፀሓይ፡ ብሩህ፡ እስከ፡ ምዕራብ፨ አዕበዩከ፡ አሕዛብ፡ ወሕዝብ፨
English
How much understanding my heart has, the gift of the Holy Spirit, and it has it. Salutation to your form, now, with much abundance. The work of your God, Nob, which is wondrous in its revelation. More abundant than I, if you seek, I would offer. The widow's spindle is strong, but in my hand there is none. Salutation to you, wondrous child Nob, because of the name of the Son. The division of the clan you set apart in the lineage of the tribe, as if to destroy a foreign land. Salutation to you when they denied you freedom and appointed you three. From the endurance of suffering every day, your heart was troubled. Salutation to you: why do you rejoice at your own loss? For many are the errors, Nob, because of the sanctification. Your crown is pure of head. Salutation to you: the worship of the seventy gods you abandoned, Nob, for the gift of wisdom filled you. From the rising of the bright sun to the west, the peoples and nations magnified you.
Citation. Tergwame, “Malkǝʾ-hymn to Nob”, LIT2873RepCh154:1, machine-draft, 2026. https://naxiai.com/christian/works/LIT2873RepCh154#s1
Colophon. Source: betmas · licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 (per file); site footer states NC-SA - treat as NC · model: deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor · provider: Relace · cost: $0.0019 · generated 2026-11-15.