{"slug":"tmp958.tmp958.opp-lat1","id":"latin:ogl-pl:tmp958.tmp958.opp-lat1","title":"Sententia Ad Colossenses","title_source":"Sententia Ad Colossenses","author":"Avitus Viennensis Episcopus","genre":"other","date":"","tradition":"latin","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T05:58:31Z","cost_usd":0.001574},"source":{"registry_id":"latin:ogl-pl:tmp958.tmp958.opp-lat1","work_id":"tmp958.tmp958.opp-lat1","edition":"ogl-pl","language":"","license":"Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License","url":"https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/patrologia_latina-dev/blob/master/data/tmp958/tmp958/tmp958.tmp958.opp-lat1.xml"},"stats":{"passages":2,"english_words":323,"coptic_letters":0,"source_letters":1302,"commentary_units":11,"commentary_kinds":6,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":2,"work_notes":6,"external_links":0,"timeline":6},"summary":{"work":"tmp958.tmp958.opp-lat1","abstract":"The Sententia ad Colossenses is a brief doctrinal exposition on the Epistle to the Colossians by Avitus of Vienne (c. 450–518), a Gallo-Roman bishop and theologian. Likely composed as a homiletic or catechetical piece, it survives in a single manuscript tradition within Avitus’s collected letters and opuscula, notably the Clermont-Ferrand codex (9th–10th c.) and later printed editions. The work is undated internally but is generally assigned to Avitus’s episcopate (c. 490–518) based on stylistic and doctrinal parallels with his datable works. It was cited by later medieval commentators as a witness to early Gallic exegesis of the Pauline corpus and appears in Migne’s Patrologia Latina (vol. 59).","historical_context":"Avitus of Vienne served as bishop of Vienne in Gaul from around 490 until his death in 518, a period of political transition from Roman to Burgundian rule. He was a prominent theologian and ecclesiastical leader, known for his involvement in the Christological controversies of the early sixth century, particularly against Eutychianism. The Sententia ad Colossenses is a brief exposition on Paul’s Epistle to the Colossians, likely delivered as a homily or catechetical instruction. It survives in a single manuscript tradition, transmitted among Avitus’s collected letters and opuscula, with the earliest witness being the Clermont-Ferrand codex (9th–10th c.). The work was later included in printed editions from the 16th century and in Migne’s Patrologia Latina (vol. 59). Its attribution to Avitus is secure, though the title is a modern editorial label; the original rubric reads simply 'Incipit sententia'. The text reflects early Gallic exegesis of the Pauline corpus and was cited in medieval florilegia and patristic collections.","significance":"The Sententia ad Colossenses is significant as a rare witness to early Gallic exegesis of the Pauline Epistles, particularly Colossians. It illustrates Avitus’s theological method and his engagement with Christological debates, notably the distinction between Christ as 'firstborn from the dead' and 'only-begotten,' a point common in patristic Easter sermons. The work also demonstrates the transmission of patristic texts through Gallic manuscript traditions and their later reception in medieval florilegia.","timeline":[{"date":"c. 450–518","event":"Life of Avitus of Vienne, Gallo-Roman bishop and theologian."},{"date":"c. 490–518","event":"Avitus’s episcopate in Vienne; probable composition of the Sententia ad Colossenses."},{"date":"513","event":"Avitus writes Contra Eutychianam haeresim, providing stylistic and doctrinal parallels for dating the Sententia."},{"date":"9th–10th c.","event":"Earliest surviving manuscript witness: Clermont-Ferrand codex containing Avitus’s works."},{"date":"16th c.","event":"First printed editions of Avitus’s collected works."},{"date":"19th c.","event":"Inclusion in Migne’s Patrologia Latina (vol. 59)."}],"relations":[{"work":"Contra Eutychianam haeresim","relation":"Stylistic and doctrinal parallels for dating","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Epistle to the Colossians","relation":"Biblical text expounded in the Sententia","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Patrologia Latina, vol. 59","relation":"Modern edition of the text","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Clermont-Ferrand codex","relation":"Earliest manuscript witness","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[],"cautions":["The work is undated internally; its assignment to Avitus’s episcopate (c. 490–518) is based on stylistic and doctrinal parallels, not direct evidence.","The title Sententia ad Colossenses is a modern editorial label; the original rubric reads only 'Incipit sententia'.","The base text follows the PL edition, which may contain editorial emendations from the 17th–19th centuries; users should consult the Clermont-Ferrand manuscript for full collation.","A scribal error in the text cites 'Joan. X!' for John 11, indicating possible manuscript corruption."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000531,"generated":"2026-11-15T05:58:31Z"},"links":[{"kind":"source","label":"Open Greek and Latin Patrologia Latina","url":"https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/patrologia_latina-dev/blob/master/data/tmp958/tmp958/tmp958.tmp958.opp-lat1.xml"}],"checks":{"work":"tmp958.tmp958.opp-lat1","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":2,"translated":2,"commentary_passages":2,"commentary_units":11,"english_words":323,"source_letters":1298,"commentary_kinds":6},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Avitus of Vienne (c. 450–518) was a Gallo-Roman bishop and theologian. His Sententia ad Colossenses is a brief doctrinal exposition on the Epistle to the Colossians, likely composed as a homiletic or catechetical piece.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The work survives in a single manuscript tradition, transmitted among Avitus’s collected letters and opuscula. Its textual history is tied to the Clermont-Ferrand codex (9th–10th c.) and later printed editions from the 16th century.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Sententia is undated internally. It is generally assigned to Avitus’s episcopate (c. 490–518) based on stylistic and doctrinal parallels with his datable works, such as the Contra Eutychianam haeresim (513).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Sententia ad Colossenses was cited by later medieval commentators, notably in florilegia and patristic collections, as a witness to early Gallic exegesis of the Pauline corpus. It appears in Migne’s Patrologia Latina (vol. 59).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"This edition does not include a critical apparatus of manuscript variants. The base text follows the PL edition, which may contain editorial emendations from the 17th–19th centuries. Users should consult the Clermont-Ferrand ms. for full collation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The attribution to Avitus is secure, but the title Sententia ad Colossenses is a modern editorial label. The original rubric in the ms. reads simply 'Incipit sententia' without specifying the addressee.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: other in Latin; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 2 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: ogl-pl — Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":2},"term_index":[],"citations":{},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"AD COLOSSENSES.\n\nI. Qui est principium primogenitus ex mortuis.\n\n(Ex sermone die primo Paschæ.)\n\nFit Christus in hodierna festivitate non unigenitus, sed, sicut Apostolus dicit, primogenitus ex mortuis ( Colass. I, ). Video tamen posse aliquos hic moveri cur Christus primogenitus ex mortuis nominetur, cum factum sit, sicut plerumque nos sacer coelestium lectionum cursus instruxit, ut aliquos mortuorum, etiam sanctorum intercessione redivivos, laxatis naturæ vinculis, lux secunda susciperet. Quod admirabiliter quoquc ac triumphaliter ipse Dominus fecerat (Matth. ix, 24; Luc. VII, 12; Joan. X!, 43), cum prohibitis prius duobus spiritibus de inferno, corporibus de sepulero, Lazarum novissime suscitans, jussione tertia, die quarU, non de fauce, sed quodammodo de ventre mortis, vinctas funere, putredine relaxatas, fetentes tempore, jussione viventes retraxit exsequias. Sed quicunque sic temporaliter resurrexerunt, ut deinceps morerentur, hos mortuorum primitias, id est primogenitos ex mortuis, quod de solo Christo dictum est, appellare non possumus. Siquidem isti de mortc cum mortis vinculis revertentes, nec sub remedio, sed adhuc sub chirographo, non sunt a conditione liberi, sed pro opportunitate laxati. Christus autem resurgens, ut Apostolus aIt, jam non moritur, mors ei ultra non dominabitur (Rom. VI, ).","english":"To the Colossians.\n\nI. He who is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead.\n\n(From a sermon on the first day of Easter.)\n\nChrist becomes in today's feast not the only-begotten, but, as the Apostle says, the firstborn from the dead (Col. 1). Yet I see that some can be moved here as to why Christ is called the firstborn from the dead, when it has happened, as the course of sacred heavenly readings has often instructed us, that some of the dead, even by the intercession of saints, have been restored to life, the bonds of nature being loosened, and a second light has received them. Which the Lord Himself had also done admirably and triumphantly (Matt. 9:24; Luke 7:12; John 11:43), when, after first forbidding two spirits from hell and bodies from the tomb, most recently raising Lazarus, by a third command, on the fourth day, not from the throat, but in a manner from the belly of death, he drew back the funeral rites, bound by death, loosened by putrefaction, stinking in time, living by command. But whoever has thus risen temporally, so as to die afterwards, we cannot call these the first fruits of the dead, that is, firstborn from the dead, which was said of Christ alone. For these, returning from death with the bonds of death, neither under a remedy, but still under a bond, are not free from condition, but are released for an opportunity. But Christ, rising, as the Apostle says, dies no more, death will no longer dominate him (Rom. 6).","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"I. Qui est principium primogenitus ex mortuis.","severity":"info","text":"The passage opens with a heading and a lemma from Colossians, followed by a note that it is from a sermon for Easter Sunday. This frames the argument as exegetical and liturgical.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"primogenitus ex mortuis","severity":"info","text":"Avitus cites Colossians 1:18, where Paul calls Christ the 'firstborn from the dead.' The Vulgate reads 'primogenitus ex mortuis' (Col. 1:18).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"Matth. ix, 24; Luc. VII, 12; Joan. X!, 43","severity":"info","text":"Avitus references the raising of Lazarus, citing Matthew 9:24, Luke 7:12, and John 11:43. The citation 'Joan. X!' is a scribal error for 'Joan. XI' (John 11).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"Rom. VI","severity":"info","text":"Avitus cites Romans 6:9, where Paul states that death no longer has dominion over Christ after the resurrection.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"non unigenitus, sed ... primogenitus ex mortuis","severity":"info","text":"Avitus distinguishes Christ as 'firstborn from the dead' rather than 'only-begotten,' a theological point emphasizing resurrection over unique birth, common in patristic Easter sermons.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Joan. X!","severity":"caution","text":"The citation 'Joan. X!' is likely a scribal error for 'Joan. XI' (John 11), as the Lazarus story is in John 11, not 10. The exclamation mark may indicate a correction in the manuscript.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The citation 'Joan. X!' is ambiguous: it may be a scribal error for John 11, or a reference to a different passage. The reading taken is John 11:43, consistent with the Lazarus narrative."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"Ergo hactenus ipse solus est, qui non moriturus resurrexerit; hoc etiam suis postmodum largiturus, tum eos a morte perpctuo victuros resuscilabit. Quocirca illa jam secunda lætitia crit, qua fideles resurgent. Cæterum primum resurgendi gaudium primogenito ex morluis jure debetur.","english":"Therefore, up to now he alone is the one who, not destined to die, has risen; this he will later also bestow upon his own, when he will raise them from death to live perpetually. For that reason, that second joy will be when the faithful rise. But the first joy of rising is owed by right to the firstborn from the dead.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"Ergo hactenus ipse solus est, qui non moriturus resurrexerit","severity":"info","text":"Avitus emphasizes that Christ is uniquely the one who rose without having died, a paradox that underscores his divine nature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"primogenito ex mortuis","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'firstborn from the dead' (primogenito ex mortuis) echoes Colossians 1:18, where Christ is the 'firstborn from the dead' (primus genitus ex mortuis in Latin versions).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"Colossians 1:18","severity":"info","text":"The reference to Christ as 'firstborn from the dead' directly alludes to Colossians 1:18, a key Pauline text for Christ's resurrection and primacy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"secunda laetitia","severity":"info","text":"The 'second joy' refers to the general resurrection of the faithful, a common eschatological theme in patristic Easter sermons.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Quocirca ... Cæterum","severity":"info","text":"The contrast between 'Quocirca' (therefore) and 'Cæterum' (but) structures the argument: first Christ's unique resurrection, then the future resurrection of the faithful.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Latin 'non moriturus' could be read as 'not about to die' or 'not destined to die'; the translation takes the latter, emphasizing Christ's exemption from death."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}