{"slug":"tmp938.tmp938.opp-lat1","id":"latin:ogl-pl:tmp938.tmp938.opp-lat1","title":"Excerptum Ex GregorioTuronensis","title_source":"Excerptum Ex GregorioTuronensis","author":"Eugenius Carthaginensis Episcopus","genre":"other","date":"","tradition":"latin","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T05:59:17Z","cost_usd":0.001488},"source":{"registry_id":"latin:ogl-pl:tmp938.tmp938.opp-lat1","work_id":"tmp938.tmp938.opp-lat1","edition":"ogl-pl","language":"","license":"Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License","url":"https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/patrologia_latina-dev/blob/master/data/tmp938/tmp938/tmp938.tmp938.opp-lat1.xml"},"stats":{"passages":2,"english_words":371,"coptic_letters":0,"source_letters":1585,"commentary_units":11,"commentary_kinds":6,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":3,"work_notes":5,"external_links":0,"timeline":5},"summary":{"work":"tmp938.tmp938.opp-lat1","abstract":"The Excerptum Ex GregorioTuronensis — Eugenius Carthaginensis Episcopus is a brief Latin excerpt from Gregory of Tours preserving a notice on Eugenius, bishop of Carthage (fl. ca. 505). It belongs to the hagiographical or historical epitome tradition and survives only as an extracted fragment, likely from one of Gregory’s historical or hagiographical works. The text’s independent circulation is uncertain, and it may have been used in later martyrologies or breviaries, though direct evidence is lacking. The edition does not identify the specific source work or provide a critical apparatus.","historical_context":"The excerpt originates from the late 6th-century writings of Gregory of Tours, a Gallo-Roman bishop and historian. Gregory’s works, such as the Historia Francorum and various hagiographical collections, often included notices on contemporary or near-contemporary figures. Eugenius of Carthage was a bishop in Vandal North Africa during the early 6th century, a period of persecution under Arian Vandal kings. The excerpt likely reflects Gregory’s reliance on oral or written sources for African church history. The text survives only as an isolated excerpt, possibly extracted in a medieval manuscript for liturgical or compilatory use. Its transmission is obscure, and no independent manuscript tradition is attested. The edition lacks a critical apparatus, leaving the source and textual history uncertain.","significance":"This excerpt preserves a rare near-contemporary notice on Eugenius of Carthage, a figure venerated as a saint in some traditions. It illustrates how late antique historians like Gregory of Tours compiled and transmitted information about distant Christian communities. The text also exemplifies the epitome tradition, where longer works were condensed for practical use, potentially influencing later martyrologies and breviaries.","timeline":[{"date":"ca. 505","event":"Eugenius serves as bishop of Carthage during Vandal rule."},{"date":"late 6th c.","event":"Gregory of Tours writes his historical and hagiographical works, including the notice on Eugenius."},{"date":"6th–9th c.","event":"The excerpt is possibly extracted and circulated independently, though evidence is lacking."},{"date":"medieval period","event":"The excerpt may be used in martyrologies or breviaries, but direct attestation is absent."},{"date":"modern","event":"The text is edited and published without identification of its source or critical apparatus."}],"relations":[{"work":"Historia Francorum","relation":"likely source of the excerpt, though not identified in the edition","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Liber in gloria martyrum","relation":"possible alternative source for the hagiographical notice","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Martyrologium Hieronymianum","relation":"later martyrology that may have drawn on such excerpts","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Vita Eugenii Carthaginensis","relation":"later hagiographical account possibly dependent on Gregory’s notice","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[],"cautions":["The date of the excerpt’s independent circulation is unknown; it may be a modern extraction.","The specific source work of Gregory from which the excerpt is taken is not identified in the edition.","The text’s use in later martyrologies or breviaries is conjectural, lacking direct evidence.","The edition provides no critical apparatus, so textual reliability and transmission history are uncertain."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.00041,"generated":"2026-11-15T05:59:17Z"},"links":[{"kind":"source","label":"Open Greek and Latin Patrologia Latina","url":"https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/patrologia_latina-dev/blob/master/data/tmp938/tmp938/tmp938.tmp938.opp-lat1.xml"}],"checks":{"work":"tmp938.tmp938.opp-lat1","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":2,"translated":2,"commentary_passages":2,"commentary_units":11,"english_words":371,"source_letters":1569,"commentary_kinds":6},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The work is an excerpt from Gregory of Tours, preserving a brief notice on Eugenius, bishop of Carthage. It belongs to the hagiographical or historical epitome tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The text survives only as an excerpt, likely extracted from Gregory’s longer historical or hagiographical work. Its independent circulation is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Eugenius of Carthage was bishop in the early 6th century (fl. ca. 505). Gregory of Tours wrote in the late 6th century, so the notice is contemporary or near-contemporary.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Eugenius is venerated as a saint in some traditions. This excerpt may have been used in later martyrologies or breviaries, but direct evidence is lacking.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"This edition does not identify the source work of Gregory from which the excerpt was taken, nor does it provide a critical apparatus for the Latin text.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: other in Latin; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 2 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: ogl-pl — Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":2},"term_index":[],"citations":{},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"PROFESSIO FIDEI EPISCOPORUM CATHOLICORUM AFRICÆ AB EUGENIO CARTHAGINENSI % REDACTA.\n\n(Hanc Professionem fidei, quæ librum tertium historiæ Persecutionis Vandalicæ constituit, videsis supra, col. )\n\nEXCERPTUM EX GREGORIO TURONENSI DE S. EUGENIO CARTHAGINENSI ET ALIIS CONFESSORIBUS QUI SUB HUNERICO RRGE PASSI SUNT.\n\nI. Vandali a loco suo digressi cum Gunderico reye in Callias ruunt, quibus valde vastatis Hispanias appetunt. Hos secuti Suevi, idest Alamani, Galliciam apprehendunt. Nec mu'to post scandalum inter utrumque oritur populum, quoniam propinqui (Colb., ibi) sibi erant..... Post hæc prosequentibus Alamannis usque ad Traductam, transito mari Vandali per totam Africam ac Mauritaniam sunt dispersi.\n\nII. Sed quoniam eorum tempore persecutio in Christianos invaluit, videtur ut aliqua ex his quæ circa Dei Ecclesias intulerunt, vel quemadmodum de regno expulsi sunt, memorarem. Defuncto igitur a Trasimundo, post scelera quæ in sanctis Dei exercuit, Honoricus mente crudelior Africanum occupat regnum, atque ex electione Vandalorum ipsis præponitur, cujus sub temport quanti Christianorum populi pro ipso Christi sacratissimo nomine cæsi; in, ab hominibus non potest comprehendi. Testis est tamen Africa quæ misit, et Christi dextera quæ gemmis immarcessibilibus coronaI it.","english":"Profession of Faith of the Catholic Bishops of Africa, composed by Eugenius of Carthage.\n\n(This Profession of Faith, which constitutes the third book of the History of the Vandal Persecution, is to be seen above, col. )\n\nEXCERPT FROM GREGORY OF TOURS CONCERNING ST. EUGENIUS OF CARTHAGE AND OTHER CONFESSORS WHO SUFFERED UNDER KING HUNERIC.\n\nI. The Vandals, having departed from their own place with King Gunderic, rush into Gaul, and having greatly ravaged it, they seek Spain. The Suevi, that is, the Alamanni, following them, seize Gallicia. And not long after, a conflict arises between the two peoples, because they were neighbors to each other... After this, with the Alamanni pursuing them as far as Traducta, the Vandals, having crossed the sea, were scattered throughout all Africa and Mauretania.\n\nII. But since in their time persecution raged against Christians, it seems fitting that I should recall some of the things they inflicted upon the Churches of God, or how they were driven from the kingdom. Therefore, after the death of Thrasamund, following the crimes he committed against the saints of God, Huneric, more cruel in mind, seizes the African kingdom, and by the election of the Vandals is set over them. In his time, how many multitudes of Christian people were slain for the most sacred name of Christ Himself cannot be comprehended by men. Yet Africa, which sent them forth, and the right hand of Christ, which crowns them with unfading jewels, are witnesses.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"PROFESSIO FIDEI EPISCOPORUM CATHOLICORUM AFRICÆ AB EUGENIO CARTHAGINENSI % REDACTA","severity":"info","text":"The opening heading identifies the work as a profession of faith redacted by Eugenius, but the excerpt that follows is from Gregory of Tours, not the profession itself.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Vandali ... cum Gunderico rege","severity":"info","text":"Gregory of Tours (6th century) here summarizes Vandal and Suevic migrations, but his chronology is compressed: Gunderic (Gundahar) died c. 428, while the Vandal crossing to Africa occurred in 429 under Geiseric.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Suevi, idest Alamani","severity":"info","text":"Gregory equates the Suevi with the Alamanni, a conflation common in late antique sources; historically the Suevi were a distinct group that settled in Gallaecia.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"Defuncto igitur a Trasimundo","severity":"caution","text":"Gregory states Huneric succeeded Thrasamund, but historically Thrasamund died in 523 and was succeeded by Geiseric's grandson, not Huneric; Huneric (Huneric) reigned 477–484, before Thrasamund.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"Testis est tamen Africa quæ misit, et Christi dextera quæ gemmis immarcessibilibus coronat","severity":"info","text":"This rhetorical flourish echoes the language of martyrdom common in hagiography; Gregory presents the slain as martyrs crowned by Christ, a topos found in earlier African passion narratives.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Honoricus mente crudelior Africanum occupat regnum","severity":"caution","text":"The name 'Honoricus' likely conflates Huneric (Vandal king 477–484) with Honorius (Roman emperor); Gregory's account of the Vandal persecution is historically unreliable in details.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The excerpt's relation to the professio fidei is unclear; the heading refers to a separate work not included here.","Gregory's chronology of Vandal kings is confused: Huneric is placed after Thrasamund, contrary to historical sequence."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"Legimus tamen quorumdam ex ipsis martyrum passiones, ex quibus quædam replicanda sunt, ut ad ea quæ spopondimus veniamus.\n\nIII. Igitur Ciroa, falso vocatus episcopus, hareticorum tunc maximus habebatur assertor; cumque ad persequendum Christianos rex per diversa transmitteret, sunctum Eugenium episcopum, virum inenarrabilis sanctifatis, qui tunc ferebatur magnæ prudentiæ esse in suburbano civitatis suæ reperit persecutor. Quem ita violenter rapuit, ut nec ad cohortandum gregem Christi locum habere permitteret. Ille vero cum se videret abduci, epistolam civibus suis pro custodienda fide catholica hoc modo transmisit:","english":"We read, however, the passions of some of those martyrs, from which certain things are to be repeated, so that we may come to what we have promised.\n\nIII. Therefore, Ciroa, falsely called bishop, was then considered the greatest champion of the heretics; and when the king was sending men throughout various places to persecute Christians, the persecutor found the blessed Eugenius, bishop, a man of ineffable holiness, who was then said to be of great prudence, in the suburb of his city. He seized him so violently that he did not even permit him to have the opportunity to exhort Christ’s flock. But when he saw himself being led away, he sent this letter to his citizens for the preservation of the Catholic faith:","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"III.","severity":"info","text":"The Roman numeral 'III.' marks a new section within the excerpt, following the introductory paragraph. This structural division is typical of Gregory's compilation method, where he selects and orders discrete episodes.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Ciroa","severity":"info","text":"'Ciroa' is a Latinized form of the Vandal name, likely representing a historical figure, possibly a Homoian ('Arian') bishop. The phrase 'falso vocatus episcopus' ('falsely called bishop') reflects the Catholic author's denial of the legitimacy of Homoian episcopal titles.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Huneric","severity":"info","text":"King Huneric (or Hunneric) ruled the Vandal Kingdom in North Africa from 477 to 484. He was a fervent Homoian ('Arian') Christian and conducted a severe persecution of Nicene Christians, including the exile of bishops like Eugenius.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"sunctum Eugenium episcopum","severity":"info","text":"Eugenius of Carthage was venerated as a confessor and saint in the Latin tradition. Gregory of Tours includes this account in his work, likely drawing on earlier African sources, to edify his readers and to document the Nicene resistance to Vandal Homoianism.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Legimus tamen quorumdam ex ipsis martyrum passiones","severity":"caution","text":"Gregory states he has read 'passions of some of those martyrs,' but the precise sources he used are not identified. The phrase may refer to now-lost African passion narratives, and the selection of 'certain things' (quædam) suggests an editorial choice, not a full transcription.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Ciroa' is uncertain; it may be a corruption or variant of a known Vandal name. The exact location of the 'suburb' (suburbano) of Eugenius's city is not specified."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}