{"slug":"tmp39.tmp39.opp-lat1","id":"latin:ogl-pl:tmp39.tmp39.opp-lat1","title":"Appendix. Passio S. Cypriani","title_source":"Appendix. Passio S. Cypriani","author":"Anonymous","genre":"hagiography","date":"","tradition":"latin","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T06:00:09Z","cost_usd":0.001673},"source":{"registry_id":"latin:ogl-pl:tmp39.tmp39.opp-lat1","work_id":"tmp39.tmp39.opp-lat1","edition":"ogl-pl","language":"","license":"Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License","url":"https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/patrologia_latina-dev/blob/master/data/tmp39/tmp39/tmp39.tmp39.opp-lat1.xml"},"stats":{"passages":2,"english_words":531,"coptic_letters":0,"source_letters":1960,"commentary_units":12,"commentary_kinds":6,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":4,"work_notes":5,"external_links":0,"timeline":6},"summary":{"work":"tmp39.tmp39.opp-lat1","abstract":"The Passio S. Cypriani is an anonymous Latin hagiography recounting the martyrdom of Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, who was executed in 258 CE. Likely composed shortly after his death, the text survives in multiple manuscript families with significant variations, complicating reconstruction of an original version. It was widely read in medieval liturgy and included in early martyrologies, shaping Cyprian's cult in North Africa and Europe. This edition, based on the Ogl-pl source, provides a single Latin text without critical apparatus or translation, limiting its use for textual criticism.","historical_context":"The Passio S. Cypriani was likely composed in the late 3rd or early 4th century, shortly after Cyprian's martyrdom on 13 September 258 CE, during the Valerian persecution. The text is set in Carthage, North Africa, a major center of early Christianity. It reflects the community's veneration of Cyprian as a bishop and martyr, and its transmission through multiple Latin manuscript families indicates widespread liturgical use. The passio influenced later hagiographic treatments and was incorporated into early martyrologies, such as the Martyrologium Hieronymianum. Its variations in wording and episode order suggest a complex textual history, with no single authoritative version. The edition's reliance on a single source without collation of witnesses limits understanding of its development.","significance":"The Passio S. Cypriani is a foundational text for the cult of Cyprian, one of the most influential early Latin church fathers. It provides a contemporary account of martyrdom under Valerian and shaped hagiographic conventions in North Africa and beyond. Its inclusion in medieval liturgy and martyrologies underscores its enduring importance for Christian memory and practice.","timeline":[{"date":"258 CE","event":"Cyprian martyred in Carthage under Valerian."},{"date":"late 3rd–early 4th c.","event":"Passio S. Cypriani likely composed."},{"date":"4th–5th c.","event":"Text transmitted in multiple Latin manuscript families."},{"date":"6th c.","event":"Included in early martyrologies like the Martyrologium Hieronymianum."},{"date":"Medieval period","event":"Widely read in liturgy, influencing Cyprian's cult."},{"date":"Modern era","event":"Edition based on Ogl-pl source without critical apparatus."}],"relations":[{"work":"Acta proconsularia Cypriani","relation":"Related as another early account of Cyprian's martyrdom, possibly source or parallel.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Martyrologium Hieronymianum","relation":"Includes the passio in its entries for Cyprian.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Vita Cypriani by Pontius","relation":"Later hagiographic treatment influenced by the passio.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"De lapsis and other works of Cyprian","relation":"Cyprian's own writings provide context for his role as bishop.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Eusebius, Historia Ecclesiastica","relation":"Mentions Cyprian's martyrdom, corroborating the passio's historical setting.","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[],"cautions":["Date of composition is uncertain; likely late 3rd or early 4th century, but not precisely datable.","Authorship is anonymous; no reliable attribution.","Textual variations among manuscript families complicate reconstruction of an original version.","This edition does not collate all known witnesses, limiting critical use.","The Ogl-pl source provides a single Latin text without apparatus or translation."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000465,"generated":"2026-11-15T06:00:08Z"},"links":[{"kind":"source","label":"Open Greek and Latin Patrologia Latina","url":"https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/patrologia_latina-dev/blob/master/data/tmp39/tmp39/tmp39.tmp39.opp-lat1.xml"}],"checks":{"work":"tmp39.tmp39.opp-lat1","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":2,"translated":2,"commentary_passages":2,"commentary_units":12,"english_words":531,"source_letters":1960,"commentary_kinds":6},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Passio S. Cypriani is an anonymous hagiographic account of Cyprian’s martyrdom, likely composed in the late 3rd or early 4th century, shortly after his death in 258 CE.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The text survives in multiple Latin manuscript families, with significant variations in wording and episode order, complicating reconstruction of an original version.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passio was widely read in medieval liturgy and included in early martyrologies, influencing later hagiographic treatments of Cyprian and shaping his cult in North Africa and Europe.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"This edition does not collate all known manuscript witnesses; textual variants and stemmatic relationships are not fully documented, limiting critical reconstruction.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The edition relies on the Ogl-pl source, which provides a single Latin text without apparatus; no critical edition or translation is included.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: hagiography in Latin; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 2 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: ogl-pl — Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":2},"term_index":[],"citations":{},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"APPENDIX. PASSIO S. CYPRIANI EX MS S. VICTORIS, NECNON BODLEIANO.\n\nCum Cyprianus, sanctus martyr, electus a Domino, de civitate Curubitana, in qua exsilio datus erat, ex praecepto Aspasii Paternii, tunc proconsulis, clarissimi viri, regressus esset ex sacro rescripto, specialiter ad hoc et personaliter emisso, in hortis suis manebat; et ad diem omnibus modis veniri, sicut ei ostensum erat, sperabat. Idem cum illic demoraretur, repente Idibus Septembribus, Tusco et Basso consulibus, venerunt ad eum pricipes duo, unus strator officii Galerii Maximi proconsulis, clarissimi viri, qui Aspasio Paterno successit, et alius equistrator qui esset a custodiis officii ejusdem clarissimi viri, et in curriculum eum imposuerunt, et ambo eum tenuerunt, et in Sexti tulerunt, ubi idem Galerius Maximas proconsul vir clarissimus alia die, id est crastina, offerre sibi praecepit: et ita idem Cyprianus cum principe et stratore officii Maximi proconsulis clarissimi viri secessit, et in hospitio ejus, cum eo, vico Saturni, inter Venerea et Salutaria, mansit. Illic ante januam universus populus fratrum mansit. Et cum hoc Cyprianus comperisset, castigari puellas praecepit, quoniam in vico omnes ante januam hospitii principis jacebant.","english":"Appendix. The Passion of Saint Cyprian from the Manuscript of Saint Victor, and also from the Bodleian.\n\nWhen Cyprian, the holy martyr, chosen by the Lord, had returned from the city of Curubis, where he had been sent into exile, by order of Aspasius Paternus, then proconsul, a man of clarissimus rank, by a sacred rescript issued specifically and personally for this purpose, he was staying in his gardens; and he was expecting to be summoned on any day, in every way, as had been shown to him. While he was staying there, suddenly on the Ides of September, in the consulship of Tuscus and Bassus, two principes came to him: one a strator of the officium of Galerius Maximus, proconsul, a man of clarissimus rank, who had succeeded Aspasius Paternus, and the other an equistrator who was from the custodies of the officium of the same clarissimus man; and they placed him in a carriage, and both held him, and brought him to Sextus, where the same Galerius Maximus, proconsul, a man of clarissimus rank, ordered him to be presented to him on the next day, that is, the following day. And so the same Cyprian withdrew with the princeps and the strator of the officium of Maximus the proconsul, a man of clarissimus rank, and stayed in his lodging with him, in the Vicus Saturni, between the Veneria and the Salutaria. There, before the door, the entire crowd of the brethren remained. And when Cyprian learned of this, he ordered the girls to be chastised, because in the street they were all lying before the door of the lodging of the princeps.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"Aspasius Paternus","severity":"info","text":"Aspasius Paternus was proconsul of Africa in 256–257 CE, who exiled Cyprian to Curubis. The text's mention of his successor Galerius Maximus aligns with known historical succession.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"strator","severity":"info","text":"Strator is a Latin term for a groom or equerry, an official in the proconsul's officium. The text uses it as a title for one of the two principes who arrest Cyprian.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"equistrator","severity":"info","text":"Equistrator is a rare Latin term, likely a variant of strator, meaning a horse-handler or groom. Its precise rank in the officium is unclear.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"Idibus Septembribus, Tusco et Basso consulibus","severity":"info","text":"The Ides of September in the consulship of Tuscus and Bassus corresponds to 13 September 258 CE, the traditional date of Cyprian's martyrdom.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"Vicus Saturni","severity":"info","text":"Vicus Saturni (Street of Saturn) was a known location in Carthage, between the Veneria and Salutaria districts, where Cyprian was held overnight.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"castigari puellas praecepit","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'ordered the girls to be chastised' is ambiguous: it may refer to Christian virgins or female servants. The text does not specify the nature of the chastisement.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the 'girls' (puellas) is unclear: they could be consecrated virgins, female servants, or women of the congregation.","The location 'Sexti' is uncertain; it may be a place name or a corruption of 'ad Sextum' (at the Sixth milestone)."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"Et ita altera die, id est XVII Kalendas Octobris, mane multo, ad Sexti, secundum praeceptum Galerii Maximi proconsulis, clarissimi viri, in atrio sedentis Sauciolo, oblatus est. Quo oblato, idem Galerius Maximus proconsul, clarissimus vir, Cypriano dixit: Tu papatum sacrilegae mentis hominibus exhibusti? Cyprianus dixit: Ego. Galerius Maximus proconsul, clarissimus vir, locutus cum consilio, sententiam vix et aegre dixit, verbis hujusmodi: Diu sacrilega mente vixisti, et plurimos tibi nefariae conspirationis homines aggregasti, et inimicum te constituisti diis Romanis et religionibus sacris, nec te pii et sanctissimi principes nostri Valerianus et Gallienus Augusti, et Valerianus nobilissimus Caesar, secta felicissimorum temporum suorum, obdurati furoris, ad caeremonias percolendas, bonamque mentem habendam tanto tempore potuerunt revocare. Et ideo quod nequissimi criminis auctor et signifer deprehensus es, quo tu scelere docuisti, ipso documento peribis; ut quoniam tuo adnisu duravit sacrilega contumacia, tuo sanguine sanciatur disciplina. Et decretum ex tabella recitavit. Thascium Cyprianum gladio animadverti placet.","english":"And so on the next day, that is the seventeenth day before the Kalends of October, early in the morning, at the Sextian estate, according to the order of Galerius Maximus, the proconsul, a most distinguished man, while he was sitting in the court at Sauciolum, Cyprian was brought before him. When he had been brought, the same Galerius Maximus, proconsul, a most distinguished man, said to Cyprian: \"Have you presented yourself to men of a sacrilegious mind as the pope?\" Cyprian said: \"I have.\" Galerius Maximus, proconsul, a most distinguished man, having consulted with his council, pronounced sentence with difficulty and reluctance, in these words: \"You have long lived with a sacrilegious mind, and you have gathered many men of a nefarious conspiracy to yourself, and you have made yourself an enemy of the Roman gods and of the sacred religions, nor could our pious and most sacred emperors Valerian and Gallienus, the Augusti, and Valerian, the most noble Caesar, in the observance of the most fortunate times of their reigns, recall you from your hardened fury to perform the ceremonies and to have a right mind for so long a time. And therefore, since you have been caught as the author and standard-bearer of a most wicked crime, by which very example you have taught, you will perish; so that, since sacrilegious obstinacy has persisted through your support, discipline may be sanctified by your blood.\" And he read the decree from the tablet: \"It is my decision that Thascius Cyprianus be punished by the sword.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"XVII Kalendas Octobris","severity":"info","text":"The date corresponds to 14 September in the Roman calendar. This is the traditional date of Cyprian's martyrdom, recorded in the Acta proconsularia.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"papatum","severity":"info","text":"The Latin 'papatum' (accusative of 'papatum') is a rare term for the office of pope, here used by the proconsul to accuse Cyprian of acting as a leader of Christians. It reflects the charge of being a ringleader of a 'sacrilegious' group.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Galerius Maximus proconsul","severity":"info","text":"Galerius Maximus was proconsul of Africa in 258 CE, presiding over the trial of Cyprian. The title 'clarissimus vir' indicates his senatorial rank.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Valerianus et Gallienus Augusti","severity":"info","text":"Emperors Valerian and Gallienus ruled jointly from 253 CE. Valerian's persecution of Christians began in 257 CE, leading to Cyprian's exile and eventual execution.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"sententiam vix et aegre dixit","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'vix et aegre' (with difficulty and reluctance) is a hagiographic topos, emphasizing the judge's hesitation and the martyr's steadfastness, common in passion narratives.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"Thascium Cyprianum gladio animadverti placet","severity":"info","text":"The sentence formula 'gladio animadverti placet' (it is my decision that he be punished by the sword) is a standard legal formula for capital punishment, preserved in the Acta proconsularia and echoed in later hagiography.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The location 'Sauciolum' (or 'Sauciolo') is uncertain; it may be a place name or a corruption of 'Sauciolum' as a toponym near Carthage.","The phrase 'papatum sacrilegae mentis hominibus' is ambiguous: it could mean 'presented yourself as pope to men of sacrilegious mind' or 'offered the papacy to such men'; the translation follows the former."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}