{"slug":"tmp336.tmp336.opp-lat1","id":"latin:ogl-pl:tmp336.tmp336.opp-lat1","title":"Descriptio Urbis Romae","title_source":"Descriptio Urbis Romae","author":"Publius Victor","genre":"other","date":"","tradition":"latin","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T06:44:16Z","cost_usd":0.012401},"source":{"registry_id":"latin:ogl-pl:tmp336.tmp336.opp-lat1","work_id":"tmp336.tmp336.opp-lat1","edition":"ogl-pl","language":"","license":"Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License","url":"https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/patrologia_latina-dev/blob/master/data/tmp336/tmp336/tmp336.tmp336.opp-lat1.xml"},"stats":{"passages":26,"english_words":3714,"coptic_letters":0,"source_letters":16957,"commentary_units":155,"commentary_kinds":9,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":55,"work_notes":6,"external_links":0,"timeline":4},"summary":{"work":"tmp336.tmp336.opp-lat1","abstract":"The Descriptio Urbis Romae, traditionally attributed to Publius Victor, is a late antique descriptive catalogue of Rome's monuments and administrative regions. The extant text is a composite, with a core likely dating to the 4th century CE, but it survives in multiple recensions with significant interpolations from the 8th–12th centuries. Written in a plain, enumerative style, it follows the 14-region division of Rome established by Augustus, listing monuments and administrative data per region. The work was used as a source for medieval mirabilia and Renaissance antiquarian studies, influencing topographical descriptions of Rome until the 18th century. The attribution to Publius Victor is widely doubted, and the text may be a later compilation falsely ascribed to a 4th-century authority.","historical_context":"The Descriptio Urbis Romae is rooted in the late antique administrative and antiquarian tradition of cataloguing Rome's regions and monuments, similar to the Regionary Catalogues (Notitia and Curiosum). The core likely dates to the 4th century CE, a period of transformation for Rome as the empire shifted eastward and the city faced decline. The text was transmitted through medieval manuscripts, with significant interpolations from the 8th–12th centuries, reflecting continued interest in Rome's classical heritage. The work was used by medieval mirabilia writers and later Renaissance antiquarians, shaping topographical studies until the 18th century. The attribution to Publius Victor is conventional and widely doubted; the text may be a later compilation falsely ascribed to a 4th-century authority. The manuscript tradition is complex, with multiple recensions, and the edition used (ogl-pl) lacks a critical apparatus, making it difficult to assess textual variants.","significance":"The Descriptio Urbis Romae is significant as a key source for the topography of late antique Rome, bridging classical administrative records and medieval mirabilia. It influenced Renaissance antiquarian studies and shaped topographical descriptions of Rome until the 18th century. Its complex transmission and disputed authorship highlight the challenges of reconstructing late antique texts and the enduring legacy of Roman urban identity.","timeline":[{"date":"4th c. CE","event":"Core of the Descriptio likely composed, reflecting late antique administrative catalogues of Rome."},{"date":"8th–12th c.","event":"Significant interpolations added to the text during medieval transmission."},{"date":"1651","event":"Publication by Philippe Labbe, a key figure in the transmission of the text."},{"date":"18th c.","event":"The Descriptio continued to influence topographical descriptions of Rome."}],"relations":[{"work":"Notitia Urbis Romae","relation":"Similar genre and structure; both are regionary catalogues of Rome.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Curiosum Urbis Romae","relation":"Closely related regionary catalogue, often transmitted together with the Descriptio.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Mirabilia Urbis Romae","relation":"Medieval guidebooks that used the Descriptio as a source.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"De Regionibus Urbis Romae","relation":"Another regionary catalogue, sometimes confused with the Descriptio.","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[],"cautions":["The attribution to Publius Victor is widely doubted; the work may be a later compilation falsely ascribed to a 4th-century authority.","The manuscript tradition is complex, with significant interpolations from the 8th–12th centuries, making reconstruction of an original difficult.","The edition used (ogl-pl) does not provide a critical apparatus or stemma, so readers cannot assess textual variants or editorial choices.","The administrative figures in the text may be formulaic and copied from earlier catalogues rather than reflecting contemporary reality."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000473,"generated":"2026-11-15T06:44:16Z"},"links":[{"kind":"source","label":"Open Greek and Latin Patrologia Latina","url":"https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/patrologia_latina-dev/blob/master/data/tmp336/tmp336/tmp336.tmp336.opp-lat1.xml"}],"checks":{"work":"tmp336.tmp336.opp-lat1","status":"warn","blocking":[],"warnings":[{"code":"commentary-single-kind","i":"9","kind":"term"}],"stats":{"passages":26,"translated":26,"commentary_passages":26,"commentary_units":155,"english_words":3714,"source_letters":16957,"commentary_kinds":9},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The work is traditionally attributed to Publius Victor, a late antique author, but the text as extant is a composite of several periods, with the core likely dating to the 4th century CE.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The manuscript tradition is complex; the text survives in multiple recensions, with significant interpolations from the 8th–12th centuries, making reconstruction of an original difficult.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Descriptio was used as a source for medieval mirabilia and later Renaissance antiquarian studies, influencing topographical descriptions of Rome until the 18th century.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"This edition (ogl-pl) does not provide a critical apparatus or stemma; readers cannot assess the textual variants or the editor's choices among manuscript witnesses.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The attribution to Publius Victor is widely doubted; the work may be a later compilation falsely ascribed to a 4th-century authority, so use the name as a conventional label only.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The text is a descriptive catalogue of Roman monuments and regions, written in a plain, enumerative style typical of late antique administrative or antiquarian registers.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: other in Latin; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 26 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: ogl-pl — Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":26},"term_index":[],"citations":{},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"DESCRIPTIO URBIS ROMAE.\n\nEx editione P. Philippi Labbe soc. Jesu anno 1651.\n\nDESCRIPTIO URBIS ROMAE, QUAE ALIQUANDO DESOLATA, NUNC GLORIOSIOR PIISSIMO IMPERIO RESTAURATA. INCERTO AUCTORE, QUI VIXIT SUB HONORIO, AUT VALENTINIANO III.\n\nREGIO I.\n\nPorta Capena. Continet aedem Honoris, et Virtutis. Camenas, et lacum Promethei.\n\nBalneum Torquati, et Vespasiani.\n\nThermas Severianas, et Commodianas.\n\nAream Apollinis, et Spei, et Galli.\n\nVicum Vitriarium.\n\nAream Panariam.\n\nMutatorium Caesaris.\n\nBalneum Bolani, et Mamertini.\n\nAream Carsurae.\n\nBalneum Abascanti, et Antiochiani.\n\nAEdem Martis, et Minervae, et Tempestatis.\n\nFlumen Almonis.\n\nArcum divi Veri Parthici, et D. Trajani, et Drusi.\n\nVici decem.\n\nAEdiculae decem.\n\nVicomagistri quadraginta octo.\n\nCuratores duo.\n\nInsulae tria millia ducentae quinquaginta.\n\nHorrea tredecim.\n\nBalnea octoginta sex.","english":"DESCRIPTION OF THE CITY OF ROME.\n\nFrom the edition of P. Philippus Labbe of the Society of Jesus, in the year 1651.\n\nDESCRIPTION OF THE CITY OF ROME, WHICH ONCE DESOLATE, NOW MORE GLORIOUS RESTORED UNDER THE MOST PIOUS EMPIRE. BY AN UNCERTAIN AUTHOR, WHO LIVED UNDER HONORIUS, OR VALENTINIAN III.\n\nREGION I.\n\nPorta Capena. It contains the Temple of Honor and Virtue. The Camenae, and the Lake of Prometheus.\n\nThe Baths of Torquatus and of Vespasian.\n\nThe Baths of Severus and of Commodus.\n\nThe Square of Apollo, and of Spes, and of Gallus.\n\nThe Glassmakers' District.\n\nThe Panaria Square.\n\nThe Mutatorium of Caesar.\n\nThe Baths of Bolanus and of Mamertinus.\n\nThe Carsura Square.\n\nThe Baths of Abascantus and of Antiochus.\n\nThe Temple of Mars, and of Minerva, and of Tempestas.\n\nThe River Almo.\n\nThe Arch of the Divine Verus Parthicus, and of the Divine Trajan, and of Drusus.\n\nTen Districts.\n\nTen Shrines.\n\nForty-eight District Magistrates.\n\nTwo Curators.\n\nThree thousand two hundred and fifty Insulae.\n\nThirteen Warehouses.\n\nEighty-six Baths.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"Ex editione P. Philippi Labbe soc. Jesu anno 1651","severity":"info","text":"This note indicates the source edition is the 1651 publication by the Jesuit scholar Philippe Labbe, a key figure in the transmission of this text.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"sub Honorio, aut Valentiniano III","severity":"info","text":"The attribution to the reigns of Honorius (395–423) or Valentinian III (425–455) places the original composition in the early to mid-5th century, a period of decline for Rome.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"Insulae tria millia ducentae quinquaginta","severity":"info","text":"Insulae here refers to multi-story apartment blocks, a standard term in Roman urban topography for rental housing, distinct from private domus.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"Porta Capena","severity":"info","text":"Porta Capena was a gate in the Servian Wall through which the Via Appia entered Rome, a key topographical marker in the Regionary Catalogues.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"REGIO I","severity":"info","text":"The text follows the standard 14-region division of Rome established by Augustus, as seen in the Regionary Catalogues, listing monuments and administrative data per region.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Vici decem ... Curatores duo","severity":"caution","text":"The administrative figures (vici, aediculae, vicomagistri, curatores) are formulaic and may be copied from earlier catalogues rather than reflecting contemporary reality.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The author is uncertain, attributed to the 5th century but possibly a later compilation; the numbers for vici, aediculae, etc., may be schematic rather than accurate."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"Lacos octoginta quatuor.\n\nPistrina viginti.\n\nContinet pedes duodecim millia ducentos, et novemdecim.\n\nREGIO II.\n\nCaelimontium. Continet templum Claudii.\n\nMacellum magnum.\n\nLuparios.\n\nAntrum Cyclopis.\n\nCohortes vigilum.\n\nCastra peregrina.\n\nCaput Africae.\n\nArborem sanctam.\n\nDomum Philippi, et Vectilianam.\n\nLudum Matutinum, et Gallicum.\n\nSpoliarium.\n\nSamarium.\n\nArmamentarium.\n\nMicam auream.\n\nVici septem.\n\nAEdiculae septem.\n\nVicomagistri quadraginta octo.\n\nCuratores duo.\n\nInsulae tria millia et sexcenta.\n\nEx codice Vaticano unciali millenariae antiquitatis num, et collato cum altero num. 1984.\n\nINCIPIT CURIOSUM URBIS ROMAE REGIONUM XIV CUM BREBIARIIS (BREVIARIIS) SUIS.\n\nREGIO I.\n\nPorta Capena. Continet aedem Honoris, et Virtutis.\n\nCamenas.\n\nLacum Promethei.\n\nBalneum Torquati.\n\nThermas Severianas, et Commodianas.\n\nAream Apollinis, et Splenis.","english":"Eighty-four lakes.\n\nTwenty bakeries.\n\nIt contains twelve thousand two hundred and nineteen feet.\n\nREGION II.\n\nCaelimontium. It contains the temple of Claudius.\n\nThe Great Market.\n\nThe Wolf-pens.\n\nThe Cave of the Cyclops.\n\nThe Watch Cohorts.\n\nThe Foreign Camp.\n\nThe Head of Africa.\n\nThe Sacred Tree.\n\nThe House of Philippus, and the Vectilian House.\n\nThe Morning School, and the Gallic School.\n\nThe Spoliarium.\n\nThe Samarium.\n\nThe Armory.\n\nThe Golden Mica.\n\nSeven districts.\n\nSeven shrines.\n\nForty-eight district magistrates.\n\nTwo curators.\n\nThree thousand six hundred insulae.\n\nFrom a Vatican codex in uncial script of millennial antiquity, number, and collated with another number 1984.\n\nHERE BEGINS THE CURIOUS ACCOUNT OF THE FOURTEEN REGIONS OF THE CITY OF ROME WITH THEIR BREVIARIES.\n\nREGION I.\n\nPorta Capena. It contains the temple of Honor and Virtue.\n\nThe Camenae.\n\nThe Lake of Prometheus.\n\nThe Bath of Torquatus.\n\nThe Baths of Severus and Commodus.\n\nThe Area of Apollo and of the Spleen.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"REGIO II. Caelimontium.","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from Region I to Region II, Caelimontium, following the standard regional division of the fourteen Augustan regions of Rome. This structural break mirrors the format of the Notitia and Curiosum regionary catalogues.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Luparios","severity":"info","text":"Luparios likely refers to enclosures for wolves (lupus), possibly used for spectacles or animal-keeping. The term is rare and may be a variant of lupanar or a toponym; its precise meaning is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Spoliarium","severity":"info","text":"Spoliarium denotes a place where the spoils (spolia) of gladiators or animals were removed, often in the amphitheater. It is a technical term from the Roman games, attested in the regionary catalogues.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Samarium","severity":"caution","text":"Samarium is a hapax legomenon in the regionary catalogues; its meaning is obscure. It may be a corruption of sarmarium (a place for repairing arms) or a toponym. The reading is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"Ex codice Vaticano unciali millenariae antiquitatis num, et collato cum altero num. 1984.","severity":"info","text":"This note records the manuscript basis: a Vatican codex in uncial script of millennial antiquity (likely 9th–10th century) collated with another manuscript numbered 1984. It reflects the editorial practice of the 1651 Labbe edition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"INCIPIT CURIOSUM URBIS ROMAE REGIONUM XIV CUM BREBIARIIS (BREVIARIIS) SUIS.","severity":"info","text":"This incipit introduces a second, more detailed list of the fourteen regions with their breviaries (summaries), suggesting the text is a composite of two regionary catalogues: a brief one (the first list) and a fuller one (the Curiosum).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The relationship between the two lists (the first ending with Region II and the second beginning with Region I) is unclear; they may represent different recensions or a conflation of sources.","The meaning of Samarium and the precise referent of Luparios are uncertain.","The number of lakes (84) in Region I is unusually high and may be corrupt or refer to cisterns rather than natural lakes."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"Vicum Vitriarium.\n\nAream Pannariam.\n\nMutatorium Caesaris.\n\nBalneum Abascanti, et Mamertini.\n\nAream Carrucae.\n\nAEdem Martis.\n\nFlumen Almonis.\n\nArcum divi Veri, et Trajani, et Drusi.\n\nVici x.\n\nAEd. (aedes) x.\n\nVicomag. xlviii.\n\nCuriae ii.\n\nInsulae iiiccl.\n\nDomus cxx.\n\nHorrea xvi.\n\nBalnea lxxxvi.\n\nLacos lxxxi.\n\nPistrina xx.\n\nContinet pedes xii. cc. xi.\n\nREGIO II.\n\nCaelimontium. Continet Claudium.\n\nMacellum magnum.\n\nLuparios (cod. alt. lupanarios).\n\nAtrium Cyclopis.\n\nCohortes V. Vigilum.\n\nCaput Africes.\n\nArborem sanctam.\n\nCastra peregrina.\n\nDomum Philippi, Victiliana.\n\nLudum Matutinum, et Dacicum.\n\nSpoliarium.\n\nSaniarium.\n\nMicam auream.\n\nVici vii.\n\nAEdes vii.\n\nVicomag. xlviii.\n\nCurat. (alt. cod. Curatoria ) ii.\n\nInsulae iiii. dc. (alt. cod. iii. dc )\n\nDomus centum viginti quatuor.\n\nHorrea quatuordecim.\n\nBalnea octoginta duo.\n\nLacus sexaginta duo.","english":"The Glassmakers' District.\n\nThe Cloth Market.\n\nCaesar's Changing Station.\n\nThe Bath of Abascantus and of Mamertinus.\n\nThe Carriage Square.\n\nThe Temple of Mars.\n\nThe River Almo.\n\nThe Arch of the Divine Verus, and of Trajan, and of Drusus.\n\nDistricts: 10.\n\nTemples: 10.\n\nDistrict Magistrates: 48.\n\nCuriae: 2.\n\nApartment Blocks: 2,250.\n\nPrivate Houses: 120.\n\nWarehouses: 16.\n\nBaths: 86.\n\nLakes: 81.\n\nBakeries: 20.\n\nIt contains 12,211 feet.\n\nREGION II.\n\nCaelimontium. It contains the Temple of Claudius.\n\nThe Great Market.\n\nThe Wolf-pens (in another codex: brothels).\n\nThe Courtyard of the Cyclops.\n\n5 Cohorts of the Watch.\n\nThe African Head.\n\nThe Sacred Tree.\n\nThe Foreign Camp.\n\nThe House of Philippus, Victiliana.\n\nThe Morning School, and the Dacian School.\n\nThe Spoliarium.\n\nThe Saniarium.\n\nThe Golden Mica.\n\nDistricts: 7.\n\nTemples: 7.\n\nDistrict Magistrates: 48.\n\nCurators (in another codex: Curatoria): 2.\n\nApartment Blocks: 4,600 (in another codex: 3,600).\n\nPrivate Houses: 124.\n\nWarehouses: 14.\n\nBaths: 82.\n\nLakes: 62.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Vicum Vitriarium","severity":"info","text":"The Latin 'Vicum Vitriarium' likely refers to a district of glassmakers (vitriarius). The English draft renders it as 'The Glassmakers' District'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Luparios","severity":"caution","text":"The manuscript reading 'Luparios' (wolf-pens) is contested; an alternative codex reads 'lupanarios' (brothels). The English draft notes both possibilities.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Cohortes V. Vigilum","severity":"info","text":"The 'Cohortes V. Vigilum' refers to the five cohorts of the Roman fire brigade (vigiles) established by Augustus. Their presence in Region II indicates an organized public safety service.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Castra peregrina","severity":"info","text":"'Castra peregrina' denotes the camp of the peregrini, foreign troops stationed in Rome, often identified with the frumentarii or imperial couriers. Its location in Caelimontium is attested elsewhere.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Vici x ... Continet pedes xii. cc. xi.","severity":"info","text":"This passage follows a formulaic structure: after listing monuments, it gives summary statistics (vici, aedes, vicomagistri, etc.) and a total perimeter in feet. The same pattern recurs for each region.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"Insulae iiii. dc. (alt. cod. iii. dc )","severity":"caution","text":"The number of insulae (apartment blocks) varies between manuscripts: one reads 4,600, another 3,600. This textual instability suggests scribal error or divergent traditions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The reading 'Luparios' vs. 'lupanarios' is uncertain; the English draft includes both possibilities.","The number of insulae in Region II is given as 4,600 in one manuscript and 3,600 in another.","The term 'Curat.' may be expanded as 'Curatoria' or 'Curatores' depending on the manuscript."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"Pistrina duodecim.\n\nContinet pedes duodecim millia et ducentos.\n\nREGIO III.\n\nIsis et Serapis. Continet Monetam.\n\nAmphitheatrum, quod capit loca octoginta septem millia.\n\nLudum Matutinum, et Dacicum.\n\nDomum Brytti.\n\nPraesentissimum choragium.\n\nLacum Pastoris.\n\nScholam quaestorum, et capulatorum.\n\nThermas Trajanas, et Titianas.\n\nPorticum Livii.\n\nCastra Misenatium.\n\nVici duodecim.\n\nAEdiculae duodecim.\n\nMagistri quadraginta novem.\n\nCuratores duo.\n\nInsulae duo millia septingentae quinquaginta septem.\n\nDomus sexaginta.\n\nHorrea quatuordecim.\n\nBalnea octoginta.\n\nLacus sexaginta quinque.\n\nPistrina sexdecim.\n\nContinet pedes duodecim millia trecentos quadraginta.\n\nREGIO IV.\n\nTemplum Pacis. Continet porticum absidatam.\n\nAream Vulcani.\n\nAureum Bucinum.\n\nApollinem Sandaliarium.\n\nTelluris templum.\n\nHorrea Chartaria.\n\nTigillum Jororium.\n\nColossum altum pedes centum.","english":"Twelve bakeries.\n\nIt contains twelve thousand two hundred feet.\n\nREGION III.\n\nIsis and Serapis. It contains the Mint.\n\nThe Amphitheatre, which holds eighty-seven thousand places.\n\nThe Morning Gladiatorial School, and the Dacian Gladiatorial School.\n\nThe House of Bryttius.\n\nThe most ready stage-property store.\n\nThe Shepherd's Pool.\n\nThe School of the Quaestors, and of the Capulati.\n\nThe Baths of Trajan, and of Titus.\n\nThe Portico of Livius.\n\nThe Camp of the Misenian Fleet.\n\nTwelve districts.\n\nTwelve small shrines.\n\nForty-nine Masters.\n\nTwo Curators.\n\nTwo thousand seven hundred fifty-seven apartment blocks.\n\nSixty houses.\n\nFourteen warehouses.\n\nEighty baths.\n\nSixty-five public fountains.\n\nSixteen bakeries.\n\nIt contains twelve thousand three hundred forty feet.\n\nREGION IV.\n\nThe Temple of Peace. It contains the apsidal portico.\n\nThe Area of Vulcan.\n\nThe Golden Horn.\n\nApollo Sandaliarius.\n\nThe Temple of Tellus.\n\nThe Paper Warehouses.\n\nThe Shrine of Jororius.\n\nThe Colossus, one hundred feet high.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"REGIO III","severity":"info","text":"The passage marks the beginning of Region III, following the formulaic pattern of the regionary catalogues, which list monuments and statistics for each of the fourteen Augustan regions of Rome.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Amphitheatrum","severity":"info","text":"The Amphitheatre is the Flavian Amphitheatre (Colosseum), whose capacity of 87,000 is a standard figure in the regionary catalogues, though modern estimates are lower.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Ludum Matutinum, et Dacicum","severity":"info","text":"The Ludus Matutinus and Ludus Dacicus were gladiatorial training schools in Rome, the former named for morning games, the latter for Dacian prisoners of war.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"choragium","severity":"info","text":"Choragium (from Greek χορηγεῖον) denotes a storehouse for stage properties and equipment, used in theatrical and gladiatorial contexts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Castra Misenatium","severity":"info","text":"The Castra Misenatium was the barracks of the Misenum fleet, the main Roman naval base near Naples, stationed in Rome for imperial service.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"REGIO IV","severity":"info","text":"The passage transitions to Region IV, again following the catalogue format, beginning with the Temple of Peace and listing notable monuments.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Domum Brytti' (House of Bryttius) is uncertain; the name may be corrupt or refer to an otherwise unknown figure.","The 'Scholam quaestorum, et capulatorum' is obscure; 'capulatorum' may be a textual error or refer to a specific group of attendants.","The 'Tigillum Jororium' is unattested elsewhere; the reading may be corrupt, possibly for 'Tigillum Sororium' or another shrine."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":5,"ref":"p5","source":"Habet in capite radia numero septem, singula pedum viginti duorum semis.\n\nMetam sudantem.\n\nTemplum Romae et Veneris.\n\nAEdem Jovis Statoris.\n\nViam Sacram.\n\nBasilicam Constantinianam\n\nTemplum Faustinae.\n\nBasilicam Pauli.\n\nForum Transitorium.\n\nSuburram.\n\nBalneum Daphnidis.\n\nVici octo.\n\nVicomagistri quadraginta octo.\n\nCuratores duo.\n\nInsulae duo millia septingentae quinquaginta septem.\n\nDomus octoginta octo.\n\nHorrea decem et octo.\n\nBalnea septuaginta quinque.\n\nDomus cxxvii.\n\nHorrea xxvii.\n\nBalnea lxxxv.\n\nLacos lxv.\n\nPistrina xv.\n\nContinet pedes xii. cc.\n\nREGIO III.\n\nIsis et Serapis. Continet Monetam.\n\nAmphitheatrum, qui capit loca lxxxvii.\n\nLudum Magnum.\n\nDomum Britti.\n\nPraesentis summum choragum\n\nLacum Pastorum.\n\nScholam quaestorum et caplatorum.\n\nThermas Titianas, et Trajanas.\n\nPorticum Libies (seu Liviae).\n\nCastra Misenantium.\n\nVici xii.","english":"It has at its head seven rays, each of twenty-two and a half feet.\n\nThe Meta Sudans.\n\nThe Temple of Rome and Venus.\n\nThe Shrine of Jupiter Stator.\n\nThe Via Sacra.\n\nThe Basilica of Constantine.\n\nThe Temple of Faustina.\n\nThe Basilica of Paul.\n\nThe Forum Transitorium.\n\nThe Subura.\n\nThe Bath of Daphnis.\n\nEight districts.\n\nForty-eight district magistrates.\n\nTwo curators.\n\nTwo thousand seven hundred fifty-seven insulae.\n\nEighty-eight houses.\n\nEighteen warehouses.\n\nSeventy-five baths.\n\nOne hundred twenty-seven houses.\n\nTwenty-seven warehouses.\n\nEighty-five baths.\n\nSixty-five basins.\n\nFifteen bakeries.\n\nIt contains twelve thousand two hundred feet.\n\nREGION III.\n\nIsis and Serapis. It contains the Mint.\n\nThe Amphitheatre, which holds eighty-seven thousand places.\n\nThe Great Gladiatorial School.\n\nThe House of Brittus.\n\nThe Office of the Chief Stage Manager.\n\nThe Lake of the Shepherds.\n\nThe School of the Quaestors and Caplators.\n\nThe Baths of Titus and Trajan.\n\nThe Portico of Livia.\n\nThe Camp of the Misenian Fleet.\n\nTwelve districts.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Metam sudantem","severity":"info","text":"The Meta Sudans was a large conical fountain near the Colosseum, built under the Flavian dynasty. Its name means 'sweating turning-post,' referring to its shape and the water that seemed to seep from it.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"Templum Romae et Veneris","severity":"info","text":"The Temple of Rome and Venus, dedicated by Emperor Hadrian in 135 CE, was one of the largest temples in Rome. It housed cult statues of the goddess Venus Felix and the personified city of Rome.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"AEdem Jovis Statoris","severity":"info","text":"The Shrine of Jupiter Stator (Jupiter the Stayer) was associated with a vow by Romulus to halt a Roman retreat. Its location on the Via Sacra is attested in literary sources.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Vici octo ... Vicomagistri quadraginta octo","severity":"info","text":"The list of eight vici (districts) and forty-eight vicomagistri (district magistrates) follows the administrative pattern of the Augustan regionary divisions, where each region had a fixed number of vici and officials.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Domus cxxvii ... Horrea xxvii ... Balnea lxxxv","severity":"caution","text":"The repeated and inconsistent numbers for houses, warehouses, and baths (e.g., domus 88 then 127) suggest textual corruption or conflation of two different regionary lists. The passage may be a composite of multiple sources.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Porticum Libies (seu Liviae)","severity":"info","text":"The Portico of Livia, built by Augustus in honor of his wife Livia, is here given a variant spelling 'Libies.' The parenthetical correction 'seu Liviae' indicates scribal uncertainty or a known alternate form.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The repeated and conflicting numbers for domus, horrea, and balnea may indicate a scribal error or the merging of two distinct regionary lists.","The phrase 'Praesentis summum choragum' is obscure; the translation 'Office of the Chief Stage Manager' is conjectural."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":6,"ref":"p6","source":"AEd. xii.\n\nVicomag. xlviii.\n\nCurat. ii.\n\nInsulae iidcclvii.\n\nDomos lx.\n\nHorrea xviii.\n\nBalnea lxxx.\n\nLacos lxv.\n\nPistrina xvi.\n\nContinet pedes xiicccl.\n\nREGIO IV.\n\nTemplum Pacis. Continet porticum absidatam.\n\nAura Bucinum.\n\nApollinem Sandaliarum.\n\nTemplum Telluris.\n\nVigilum Sororum.\n\nColossum altum pedes cii. -s-.\n\nHabet in capita vii, singula pedum xxii. s-.\n\nMetam sudantem.\n\nTemplum Romi (alt. cod. Romae).\n\nAEdem lobis.\n\nViam Sacram.\n\nBasilicam novam, et Pauli.\n\nTemplum Faustinae.\n\nForum Transitorium.\n\nSuburam.\n\nBalneum Dafinidis.\n\nVici viii.\n\nAEdes octo.\n\nVicomag. xlviii.\n\nCurat. (alt. cod. curatoria) ii.\n\nInsulae iidclvii.\n\nDomus lxxxviii.\n\nHorrea xviii.\n\nBalnea lxv.\n\nLacus septuaginta octo.\n\nPistrina duodecim.\n\nContinet pedes tredecim millia.\n\nREGIO V.\n\nEsquiliae. Continet lacum Orphei.\n\nMacellum Liviani.\n\nNymphaeum D. Alexandri.","english":"The twelfth district.\n\nForty-eight district magistrates.\n\nTwo curators.\n\nTwo thousand seven hundred fifty-seven tenement blocks.\n\nSixty houses.\n\nEighteen granaries.\n\nEighty baths.\n\nSixty-five fountains.\n\nSixteen bakeries.\n\nIt contains eleven thousand two hundred fifty feet.\n\nREGION IV.\n\nThe Temple of Peace. It contains an apsidal portico.\n\nThe Aura Bucinum.\n\nThe Apollo of the Sandal-makers.\n\nThe Temple of Tellus.\n\nThe Sisters' Watchtower.\n\nThe Colossus, one hundred two feet high. — half.\n\nIt has at its head seven rays, each of twenty-two and a half feet. — half.\n\nThe Meta Sudans.\n\nThe Temple of Romus (in other manuscripts, of Rome).\n\nThe Shrine of Jupiter.\n\nThe Via Sacra.\n\nThe New Basilica, and that of Paul.\n\nThe Temple of Faustina.\n\nThe Forum Transitorium.\n\nThe Subura.\n\nThe Baths of Daphnis.\n\nEight districts.\n\nEight shrines.\n\nForty-eight district magistrates.\n\nTwo curators (in other manuscripts, curatorship).\n\nTwo thousand six hundred fifty-seven tenement blocks.\n\nEighty-eight houses.\n\nEighteen granaries.\n\nSixty-five baths.\n\nSeventy-eight fountains.\n\nTwelve bakeries.\n\nIt contains thirteen thousand feet.\n\nREGION V.\n\nThe Esquiline. It contains the Lake of Orpheus.\n\nThe Livian Market.\n\nThe Nymphaeum of Alexander.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"AEd. xii","severity":"info","text":"The abbreviation 'AEd.' likely stands for 'Aedes' (shrine or temple), but the numeral xii (12) is anomalous in a list of regions; it may be a scribal error for a district number or a heading for the twelfth region.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Vicomag. xlviii","severity":"info","text":"'Vicomag.' abbreviates 'Vicomagistri' (district magistrates), officials overseeing the vici (neighborhoods) in Rome; the number 48 recurs in multiple regions, suggesting a standardized administrative count.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Insulae iidcclvii","severity":"info","text":"'Insulae' (tenement blocks) are a key metric of urban density; the numeral 'iidcclvii' (2,757) in the first list contrasts with 'iidclvii' (2,657) in Region IV, indicating textual variation or different counting methods.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"Colossum altum pedes cii","severity":"info","text":"The Colossus of Nero, later associated with the Flavian Amphitheater, is recorded here as 102 feet high; this measurement aligns with other ancient sources, though the structure was later modified.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"Templum Romi (alt. cod. Romae)","severity":"caution","text":"The variant 'Romi' (genitive of Romus, a rare form) versus 'Romae' (of Rome) indicates manuscript divergence; the Temple of Rome and Venus is the likely referent, but the reading is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Continet pedes xiicccl","severity":"info","text":"The total perimeter of Region IV is given as 13,000 feet, while the preceding list (likely Region III) has 11,250 feet; these figures are part of a systematic survey of Rome's regions, though their accuracy is debated.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The heading 'AEd. xii' may be a corruption or misplacement; the numeral 12 does not correspond to the standard 14 Augustan regions.","The variant readings for 'Templum Romi' and 'Curat.' suggest scribal errors or alternative manuscript traditions.","The counts of insulae, domus, and other structures differ between the first list and Region IV, possibly due to different sources or copying mistakes."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":7,"ref":"p7","source":"Cohortes duas vigilum.\n\nHerculem Syllanum.\n\nHortos Pallantianos.\n\nAmphitheatrum castrense.\n\nCampum Viminalem sub aggere.\n\nMinervam Medicam.\n\nIsidem Patriciam.\n\nVici quindecim.\n\nVicomagistri quadraginta octo.\n\nCuratores duo.\n\nInsulae tria millia octingentae quinquaginta.\n\nDomus centum octoginta.\n\nHorrea viginti tria.\n\nBalnea septuaginta quinque.\n\nLacus septuaginta quatuor.\n\nPistrina quindecim.\n\nContinet pedes quindecim millia et sexcentos.\n\nREGIO VI.\n\nAlta semita. Continet templum Salutis et Serapis.\n\nTemplum Florae.\n\nCapitolium antiquum.\n\nStatuam Mamurii plumbeam.\n\nAEdem Quirini.\n\nMalum Punicum.\n\nHortos Salustianos\n\nGentem Flaviam.\n\nThermas Diocletianas et Constantianas.\n\nDecem tabernas.\n\nGallinas albas.\n\nAream Candidi.\n\nCohortes tres vigilum.\n\nVici decem et septem.\n\nAEdiculae decem et septem.\n\nVicomagistri decem et octo.\n\nCuratores duo.","english":"Two cohorts of the watch.\n\nThe Temple of Hercules Sylvanus.\n\nThe Gardens of Pallas.\n\nThe Amphitheatre of the Camp.\n\nThe Viminal Field under the rampart.\n\nThe Temple of Minerva Medica.\n\nThe Temple of Isis Patricia.\n\nFifteen districts.\n\nForty-eight district magistrates.\n\nTwo curators.\n\nThree thousand eight hundred fifty tenement blocks.\n\nOne hundred eighty houses.\n\nTwenty-three granaries.\n\nSeventy-five baths.\n\nSeventy-four fountains.\n\nFifteen bakeries.\n\nIt contains fifteen thousand six hundred feet.\n\nRegion VI.\n\nThe Alta Semita. It contains the Temple of Salus and Serapis.\n\nThe Temple of Flora.\n\nThe Old Capitol.\n\nThe Leaden Statue of Mamurius.\n\nThe Temple of Quirinus.\n\nThe Pomegranate.\n\nThe Gardens of Sallust.\n\nThe Flavian Family.\n\nThe Baths of Diocletian and Constantine.\n\nTen shops.\n\nThe White Hens.\n\nThe Field of Candidus.\n\nThree cohorts of the watch.\n\nSeventeen districts.\n\nSeventeen shrines.\n\nEighteen district magistrates.\n\nTwo curators.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Cohortes duas vigilum","severity":"info","text":"The phrase refers to the urban fire and night watch, a paramilitary force established by Augustus. The number of cohorts listed per region varies in the Regionary Catalogues, and this entry is consistent with the administrative data typical of such catalogues.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"Herculem Syllanum","severity":"info","text":"The Temple of Hercules Sylvanus (or Syllanus) is a known cult site in Rome, possibly associated with the Sullan family. Its inclusion here reflects the topographical listing of notable monuments in the Regionary Catalogues.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"Amphitheatrum castrense","severity":"info","text":"The Amphitheatrum Castrense was a small amphitheater near the Sessorian Palace, later incorporated into the Aurelian Wall. Its listing here is typical of the Regionary Catalogues' inventory of public buildings.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Vici quindecim","severity":"info","text":"Vici (districts or wards) were administrative subdivisions of a region, each overseen by vicomagistri. The numbers given here (15 vici, 48 vicomagistri) are part of the statistical summary that characterizes the Regionary Catalogues.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"REGIO VI","severity":"info","text":"The passage marks the transition from Region V to Region VI (Alta Semita). This structural division is a defining feature of the Regionary Catalogues, which systematically list each of Rome's 14 regions with their monuments and statistics.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"Thermas Diocletianas et Constantianas","severity":"info","text":"The Baths of Diocletian (dedicated 306 CE) and the Baths of Constantine (built early 4th century) are major imperial thermae in Region VI. Their inclusion provides a chronological anchor, as the Regionary Catalogues are thought to date from the 4th century CE.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The exact identification of some monuments (e.g., Herculem Syllanum, Minervam Medicam) is uncertain; the English draft's renderings are conventional but not always secure.","The numbers of vici, insulae, etc., vary between manuscripts of the Regionary Catalogues; the figures here may reflect a particular recension."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":8,"ref":"p8","source":"Insulae tria millia quadringentae tres.\n\nDomus centum quadraginta sex.\n\nHorrea septemdecim.\n\nBalnea septuaginta quinque.\n\nLacus septuaginta tres.\n\nPistrina sexdecim.\n\nContinet pedes quindecim millia et septingentos.\n\nREGIO VII.\n\nVia Lata. Continet lacum Ganymedis.\n\nCohortes septem vigilum.\n\nArcum novum.\n\nNymphaeum Jovis.\n\nAEdiculam Caprariam.\n\nLacos lxxi.\n\nPistrina xv.\n\nContinet pedes xiii.\n\nREGIO V.\n\nExquiliae. Continet lacum Orfei.\n\nMacellum Liviani.\n\nNympheum Alexandri.\n\nCohortes ii vigilum.\n\nHortos Pallantianos.\n\nHerculem Syllanum.\n\nAmphitheatrum castrense.\n\nCampum Viminalem sub aggere.\n\nMinerbam Medicam.\n\nIsidem Patriciam.\n\nVici xv.\n\nVicomag. xlviii.\n\nCurat. ii.\n\nInsulae iiidcccl.\n\nDomus clxxx.\n\nHorrea xxiii.\n\nBalnea lxxv.\n\nLacos lxxiv.\n\nPistrina xv.\n\nContinet pedes xvdc.\n\nREGIO VI.\n\nAlta semita. Continet templum Salutis et Serapis.","english":"Three thousand four hundred and three apartment blocks.\n\nOne hundred and forty-six houses.\n\nSeventeen warehouses.\n\nSeventy-five baths.\n\nSeventy-three public fountains.\n\nSixteen bakeries.\n\nIt measures fifteen thousand seven hundred feet.\n\nREGION VII.\n\nThe Via Lata. It contains the Lake of Ganymede.\n\nSeven cohorts of the watch.\n\nThe New Arch.\n\nThe Nymphaeum of Jupiter.\n\nThe Caprarian Shrine.\n\nSeventy-one public fountains.\n\nFifteen bakeries.\n\nIt measures thirteen thousand feet.\n\nREGION V.\n\nThe Esquiline. It contains the Lake of Orpheus.\n\nThe Livian Market.\n\nThe Nymphaeum of Alexander.\n\nTwo cohorts of the watch.\n\nThe Gardens of Pallas.\n\nHercules Sylvanus.\n\nThe Amphitheatre of the Camp.\n\nThe Viminal Field under the rampart.\n\nMinerva Medica.\n\nIsis Patricia.\n\nFifteen districts.\n\nForty-eight crossroads magistrates.\n\nTwo curators.\n\nThree thousand eight hundred and fifty apartment blocks.\n\nOne hundred and eighty houses.\n\nTwenty-three warehouses.\n\nSeventy-five baths.\n\nSeventy-four public fountains.\n\nFifteen bakeries.\n\nIt measures fifteen thousand six hundred feet.\n\nREGION VI.\n\nThe Alta Semita. It contains the Temple of Salus and Serapis.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"REGIO VII / REGIO V / REGIO VI","severity":"info","text":"The passage presents three region entries (VII, V, VI) out of order, suggesting a textual dislocation or a source that listed regions non-sequentially.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"lacus","severity":"info","text":"Lacus (pl. lacos) here denotes public fountains or basins, a standard feature of Roman urban infrastructure, distinct from natural lakes.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"Cohortes septem vigilum","severity":"info","text":"Seven cohorts of the vigiles (fire watch) for Region VII is unusually high; the standard was one cohort per two regions, suggesting either a textual error or a special status for Via Lata.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Continet pedes xiii","severity":"caution","text":"The measurement for Region VII (13,000 feet) is implausibly small compared to other regions (15,000+), likely a scribal corruption or omission of a numeral.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"Insulae iiidcccl","severity":"info","text":"The count of insulae (3,850) in Region V matches the total given in the previous passage (3,850), confirming consistency within the source tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"Descriptio Urbis Romae","severity":"info","text":"This text, attributed to Publius Victor, is a late antique or medieval compilation of regionary catalogues, often transmitted with the Notitia and Curiosum, and used by Renaissance antiquarians.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The order of regions (VII, V, VI) is non-sequential; the text may be a composite from different sources or a scribal rearrangement.","The measurement for Region VII (13,000 feet) is likely corrupt; the original may have been larger.","The number of vigiles cohorts for Region VII (seven) is anomalous and may reflect a textual error or a special administrative status."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":9,"ref":"p9","source":"Floram.\n\nCapitolium antiquum.\n\nThermas Constantinianas.\n\nStatuam Mamyri.\n\nTemplum Dei Quirini.\n\nHortos Sallustianos.\n\nGentem Flabiam.\n\nThermas Diocletianas.\n\nCohortes iii vigilum.\n\nX Tabernas.\n\nGallinas albas.\n\nVici xvii.\n\nAEdes xvii.\n\nVicomag. xlviii.\n\nBalnea lxxv.\n\nLacos lxxiii.\n\nPistrina xvi.\n\nContinet pedes xvdcc.\n\nREGIO VII.\n\nVia Lata continet lacum Ganymedis.\n\nCohortes v vigilum.\n\nArcum novum.\n\nNympheum Iobis.\n\nAEdicula Capraria.\n\nCampum Agrippae.\n\nTemplum Solis, et castra.\n\nPorticum Gypsiani, et Constantini.\n\nTempla duo nova Spei et Fortunae\n\nEquum Tiridatis regis Armeniorum.\n\nForum Suarium.\n\nHortos Largianos.\n\nMansuetas.\n\nLapidem pertusum.\n\nVici quindecim.\n\nAEdiculae quindecim\n\nVicomagistri quadraginta octo.\n\nCuratores duo.\n\nInsulae tria millia octingentae quinque.\n\nDomus centum viginti.\n\nHorrea viginti quinque.\n\nBalnea septuaginta quinque.","english":"Floram.\n\nThe ancient Capitolium.\n\nThe Baths of Constantine.\n\nThe Statue of Mamyrius.\n\nThe Temple of the God Quirinus.\n\nThe Gardens of Sallust.\n\nThe Gens Flavia.\n\nThe Baths of Diocletian.\n\nThree cohorts of the watch.\n\nTen Shops.\n\nThe White Hens.\n\nSeventeen districts.\n\nSeventeen shrines.\n\nForty-eight district magistrates.\n\nSeventy-five baths.\n\nSeventy-three fountains.\n\nSixteen bakeries.\n\nIt measures fifteen thousand seven hundred feet.\n\nREGION VII.\n\nThe Via Lata contains the Lake of Ganymede.\n\nFive cohorts of the watch.\n\nThe New Arch.\n\nThe Nymphaeum of Jupiter.\n\nThe Caprarian Shrine.\n\nThe Campus of Agrippa.\n\nThe Temple of the Sun, and the barracks.\n\nThe Portico of Gypsianus, and of Constantine.\n\nTwo new temples, of Hope and of Fortune.\n\nThe Horse of Tiridates, king of the Armenians.\n\nThe Forum Suarium.\n\nThe Gardens of Largus.\n\nThe Mansuetae.\n\nThe Perforated Stone.\n\nFifteen districts.\n\nFifteen shrines.\n\nForty-eight district magistrates.\n\nTwo curators.\n\nThree thousand eight hundred and five apartment blocks.\n\nOne hundred and twenty houses.\n\nTwenty-five warehouses.\n\nSeventy-five baths.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Floram","severity":"info","text":"Floram likely refers to a temple or shrine of Flora, the Roman goddess of flowers and spring. The term appears as a topographical entry in the regionary catalogues.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Capitolium antiquum","severity":"info","text":"Capitolium antiquum denotes the ancient Capitolium, possibly a distinct structure from the main Capitoline temple, or an earlier phase of it. The adjective distinguishes it from later buildings.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Statuam Mamyri","severity":"info","text":"Statuam Mamyri likely refers to a statue of Mamyrius, an obscure figure possibly a local benefactor or official. The name is rare in surviving sources.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Gentem Flabiam","severity":"info","text":"Gentem Flabiam is a variant spelling of Gens Flavia, the Flavian family. The entry may denote a monument or district associated with this imperial dynasty.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Gallinas albas","severity":"info","text":"Gallinas albas (White Hens) is an enigmatic toponym, possibly a street name or a landmark derived from a statue or sign depicting white hens.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Mansuetas","severity":"info","text":"Mansuetas may refer to a place or structure named after the Mansueti, a Roman family, or derive from mansuetus (tame), perhaps indicating a park or animal enclosure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["Several toponyms (Floram, Statuam Mamyri, Gallinas albas, Mansuetas) are obscure and their exact referents are uncertain. The text may be a later compilation with corrupt or interpolated entries."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":10,"ref":"p10","source":"Laci septuaginta sex.\n\nPistrina quindecim.\n\nContinet pedes quindecim millia septingentos.\n\nREGIO VIII.\n\nForum Romanum, et magnum. Continet rostra.\n\nGenium populi Romani aureum, et equum Constantini.\n\nSenatulum.\n\nAtrium Minervae.\n\nForum Caesaris, Augusti, Nervae Trajani.\n\nTemplum D. Trajani, et columnam cochlidem, altam pedes centum viginti octo semis: gradus intus habet centum octingentos quinque; fenestras quadraginta quinque.\n\nCohortes sex vigilum.\n\nBasilicam Argentariam.\n\nTemplum Concordiae.\n\nUmbilicum Romae.\n\nTemplum Saturni, et Vespasiani.\n\nCapitolium.\n\nMiliarium Aureum.\n\nJuliae templum, Castorum, Vestae.\n\nHorrea Germanica, et Agrippinae.\n\nAquam cernentem quatuor scauros sub aede.\n\nAtrium Caci.\n\nVicum jugarium unguentarium.\n\nGraecostasim.\n\nPorticum Margaritariam.\n\nElephantum Herbarium.\n\nVici triginta quatuor.\n\nAEdiculae viginti novem.","english":"Seventy-six Ponds.\n\nFifteen Bakeries.\n\nIt contains fifteen thousand seven hundred feet.\n\nREGION VIII.\n\nThe Roman Forum, and the Great Forum. It contains the Rostra.\n\nThe Golden Genius of the Roman People, and the Horse of Constantine.\n\nThe Senatulum.\n\nThe Atrium of Minerva.\n\nThe Forum of Caesar, of Augustus, of Nerva, of Trajan.\n\nThe Temple of the Deified Trajan, and the spiral column, one hundred twenty-eight and a half feet high: it has one hundred eighty-five steps inside; forty-five windows.\n\nSix cohorts of the watch.\n\nThe Basilica Argentaria.\n\nThe Temple of Concord.\n\nThe Umbilicus Romae.\n\nThe Temple of Saturn, and of Vespasian.\n\nThe Capitolium.\n\nThe Golden Milestone.\n\nThe Temple of Julia, of the Castors, of Vesta.\n\nThe Granaries of Germanicus and of Agrippina.\n\nThe water-gazing four scauros under the temple.\n\nThe Atrium of Cacus.\n\nThe Vicus Jugarius, the Vicus Unguentarius.\n\nThe Graecostasis.\n\nThe Porticus Margaritaria.\n\nThe Elephantus Herbarius.\n\nThirty-four Streets.\n\nTwenty-nine Shrines.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Laci","severity":"info","text":"Laci (ponds) is a rare term in this context; it likely refers to artificial water basins or reservoirs, not natural lakes.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Senatulum","severity":"info","text":"Senatulum is a diminutive of Senatus, possibly denoting a small meeting hall or a subordinate council chamber, distinct from the main Curia.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"Elephantum Herbarium","severity":"info","text":"Elephantum Herbarium likely refers to a market or portico associated with herbs or spices, possibly near the Forum Boarium; the name may derive from an elephant statue.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"REGIO VIII","severity":"info","text":"This passage begins the description of Region VIII, the Forum Romanum region, one of the 14 Augustan regions of Rome, following the earlier summary of Region VII.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Aquam cernentem quatuor scauros sub aede","severity":"caution","text":"This phrase is obscure and likely corrupt; 'scauros' may be a misreading for 'scalae' (stairs) or 'scauri' (a type of water conduit), and the overall sense is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"columnam cochlidem","severity":"info","text":"The spiral column of Trajan, described here with 185 steps and 45 windows, became a model for later commemorative columns, such as that of Marcus Aurelius.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The reading of 'Laci' as ponds is uncertain; it could also refer to lacus (basins) or lacus (public water features).","The phrase 'Aquam cernentem quatuor scauros sub aede' is corrupt; the intended meaning is unclear."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":11,"ref":"p11","source":"Vicomagistri quadraginta octo.\n\nCuratores duo.\n\nInsulae tria millia (??) octoginta.\n\nDomus centum triginta.\n\nHorrea decem et octo.\n\nBalnea octoginta tria.\n\nLaci centum viginti.\n\nCampum Agrippae.\n\nTemplum Solis, et castra.\n\nPorticum Gypsiani, et Constantini.\n\nEquos Tiridatis regis Armeniorum.\n\nForum Suarium.\n\nMansuetas.\n\nLapidem pertusum\n\nVici xv.\n\nAEdes xv.\n\nVicomag. xlviii.\n\nCurat. ii.\n\nInsulae iii dcccv.\n\nDomus cxx.\n\nHorrea xxv.\n\nBalnea lxxv.\n\nLacos lxxvi.\n\nPistrina xvi.\n\nContinet pedes xiii ccc.\n\nREGIO VIII.\n\nForum Romanum magnum. Continet rostras iii.\n\nGenium populi Romani\n\nSenatum.\n\nAtrium Minervae.\n\nForum Caesaris, Augusti, Nervae Trajani.\n\nTemplum Trajani, et columnam cochlidem, altam pedes cxxvii -s-.; grados intus habet clxxx, fenestras XLV.\n\nCohortes vi vigilum.\n\nBasilicam Argentariam.\n\nTemplum Concordiae, et Saturni, et Vespasiani, et Tit(??).","english":"Forty-eight District Wardens.\n\nTwo Curators.\n\nThree thousand eighty (??) Insulae.\n\nOne hundred thirty Houses.\n\nEighteen Warehouses.\n\nEighty-three Baths.\n\nOne hundred twenty Fountains.\n\nThe Field of Agrippa.\n\nThe Temple of the Sun, and the Barracks.\n\nThe Portico of Gypsianus, and of Constantine.\n\nThe Horses of Tiridates, King of the Armenians.\n\nThe Pig Market.\n\nThe Tame Beasts.\n\nThe Perforated Stone.\n\nFifteen Districts.\n\nFifteen Shrines.\n\nForty-eight District Wardens.\n\nTwo Curators.\n\nThree thousand eight hundred five Insulae.\n\nOne hundred twenty Houses.\n\nTwenty-five Warehouses.\n\nSeventy-five Baths.\n\nSeventy-six Fountains.\n\nSixteen Bakeries.\n\nIt contains thirteen thousand three hundred feet.\n\nREGION VIII.\n\nThe Great Roman Forum. It contains three Rostra.\n\nThe Genius of the Roman People.\n\nThe Senate.\n\nThe Atrium of Minerva.\n\nThe Forum of Caesar, of Augustus, of Nerva, of Trajan.\n\nThe Temple of Trajan, and the Spiral Column, one hundred twenty-seven feet high; it has one hundred eighty steps inside, and forty-five windows.\n\nSix Companies of Watchmen.\n\nThe Basilica of the Silversmiths.\n\nThe Temple of Concord, and of Saturn, and of Vespasian, and of Titus (??).","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Vicomagistri","severity":"info","text":"Vicomagistri were local officials in charge of the vici (districts) of Rome, responsible for cults and order. The number 48 appears twice, suggesting a standard count.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Insulae","severity":"caution","text":"Insulae are apartment blocks, but the numbers differ: first 3,080 (??), then 3,805. The discrepancy may reflect textual corruption or different sources for the same region.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Equos Tiridatis regis Armeniorum","severity":"info","text":"Tiridates I of Armenia visited Rome in 66 CE, and Nero gave him gifts. Statues of horses may commemorate this event, though the exact monument is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"REGIO VIII","severity":"info","text":"The passage lists Region VIII (Forum Romanum) with a separate inventory, repeating some categories (e.g., vici, aedes) from the earlier summary. This suggests a two-level catalog: city-wide totals then regional details.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"columnam cochlidem","severity":"info","text":"The spiral column of Trajan (dedicated 113 CE) is described with height, steps, and windows. This detail influenced later medieval and Renaissance descriptions of Roman monuments.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Templum Concordiae, et Saturni, et Vespasiani, et Tit(??)","severity":"caution","text":"The list of temples may be corrupt: 'Tit(??)' likely refers to Titus, but the Temple of Vespasian and Titus was a single structure. The abbreviation suggests a manuscript error.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The numbers for insulae (3,080 vs. 3,805) and horrea (18 vs. 25) differ between the two lists, possibly due to scribal error or different sources.","The abbreviation 'Tit(??)' may stand for Titus or be a truncated form; the intended temple is uncertain."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":12,"ref":"p12","source":"Capitolium.\n\nMiliarium aureum.\n\nVicum Lugarium.\n\nGraecostadium.\n\nBasilica Julia, templum Castrorum (alt. cod. Castorum) et Minervae, Vestam.\n\nHorrea Agrippiana.\n\nAquam cernentem iiii scaros (alt. cod. sacros) sub eadem.\n\nAtrium Caci.\n\nPorticum Margaritariam.\n\nElephantum Herbarium.\n\nVici xxxiv.\n\nAEdes xxxiv.\n\nVicomag. xlviii.\n\nCurat. ii.\n\nInsulae iii. cccclxxx.\n\nDomus cxxx.\n\nHorrea xviii.\n\nBalnea lxxxvi.\n\nLacos cxx.\n\nPistrina viginti.\n\nContinet pedes tredecim millia sexaginta septem.\n\nREGIO IX.\n\nCircus Flaminius. Continet stabula numere quatuor factionum.\n\nAEdes Herculis\n\nPorticum Philippi.\n\nMinutias duas veterem, et frumentariam.\n\nCryptam Balbi.\n\nTheatra quatuor, in primis Balbi, quod capit loca triginta millia octoginta quinque.\n\nCampum Martium.\n\nTrigarium.\n\nCiconias Nixas.\n\nPantheum.\n\nBasilicam Matidii, et Martiani.\n\nTemplum D. Antonini, et columnam cochlidem, altam pedes centum septuaginta quinque semis; gradus intus habet ducentos tres; fenestras quinquaginta sex.","english":"The Capitol.\n\nThe Golden Milestone.\n\nThe Lugarian Street.\n\nThe Graecostasis.\n\nThe Basilica Julia, the Temple of Castor (alternate reading: Castorum) and Minerva, Vesta.\n\nThe Horrea Agrippiana.\n\nThe water-gushing with four scaros (alternate reading: sacros) under the same.\n\nThe Atrium of Cacus.\n\nThe Pearl Portico.\n\nThe Elephant Herbarium.\n\nThirty-four Streets.\n\nThirty-four Temples.\n\nForty-eight District Wardens.\n\nTwo Curators.\n\nThree thousand four hundred eighty Insulae.\n\nOne hundred thirty Houses.\n\nEighteen Warehouses.\n\nEighty-six Baths.\n\nOne hundred twenty Fountains.\n\nTwenty Bakeries.\n\nIt contains thirteen thousand sixty-seven feet.\n\nREGION IX.\n\nThe Flaminian Circus. It contains the stables of the four factions.\n\nThe Temple of Hercules.\n\nThe Portico of Philip.\n\nThe two Minutias, the old and the grain.\n\nThe Crypt of Balbus.\n\nFour Theaters, foremost among them that of Balbus, which holds thirty thousand eighty-five places.\n\nThe Field of Mars.\n\nThe Trigarium.\n\nThe Ciconiae Nixae.\n\nThe Pantheon.\n\nThe Basilica of Matidius and of Martianus.\n\nThe Temple of the Deified Antoninus, and the spiral column, one hundred seventy-five and a half feet high; it has two hundred three steps inside; fifty-six windows.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"Capitolium","severity":"info","text":"The Capitolium is the Capitoline Hill, a central religious and political site in Rome, housing the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Miliarium aureum","severity":"info","text":"The Golden Milestone was a gilded bronze marker erected by Augustus in the Roman Forum, listing distances to major cities of the empire.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Graecostadium","severity":"info","text":"The Graecostadium was a building in Rome used for the reception of foreign ambassadors, particularly from Greek-speaking regions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Aquam cernentem iiii scaros (alt. cod. sacros) sub eadem","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'aquam cernentem iiii scaros' is obscure; 'scaros' may be a corruption of 'sacros' (sacred) or refer to a type of fish, leaving the meaning uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"REGIO IX","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts to Region IX (Circus Flaminius), following the same catalog format of monuments and statistics as earlier regions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"columnam cochlidem","severity":"info","text":"The spiral column of Antoninus Pius, with 203 steps and 56 windows, is a known monument; its description here matches later sources like the Column of Marcus Aurelius.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The alternate readings 'Castorum' vs. 'Castorum' (likely 'Castorum' for Castor and Pollux) and 'scaros' vs. 'sacros' indicate textual corruption. The number of baths (lxxxvi) differs from the previous passage (lxxxiii), possibly a scribal error. The 'Elephantum Herbarium' is obscure, possibly a garden or market."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":13,"ref":"p13","source":"Hadrianium.\n\nThermas Alexandrinas, et Agrippinas.\n\nPorticum Argonautarum, et Meleagri.\n\nIseum, et Serapeum.\n\nInsulam Feliculae.\n\nVici triginta quinque.\n\nAEdiculae triginta quinque.\n\nVicomagistri triginta quinque.\n\nCuratores duo.\n\nInsulae duo millia septingentae septuaginta quatuor.\n\nDomus centum quadraginta.\n\nHorrea viginti duo.\n\nBalnea sexaginta tria.\n\nLacus sexaginta tres.\n\nPistrina viginti.\n\nContinet pedes triginta duo millia quingentos.\n\nREGIO X.\n\nPalatium. Continet casam Romuli.\n\nAEdem Matris deum, et Apollinis Rhamnusii.\n\nPentapylum.\n\nDomum Augustanam, et Tiberianam.\n\nAEdes Jovis Victoris.\n\nDomum Dionis.\n\nCuriam veterem.\n\nFortunam respicientem.\n\nSeptizonium D. Severi.\n\nVictoriam Germanicianam.\n\nLupercal.\n\nVici viginti.\n\nAEdiculae viginti.\n\nVicomagisiri quad (??)eginta octo.\n\nCuratores duo.\n\nInsulae duo millia sexcentae quadraginta tres.","english":"Hadrianium.\n\nThe Baths of Alexander and Agrippa.\n\nThe Portico of the Argonauts and of Meleager.\n\nThe Iseum and Serapeum.\n\nThe Insula of Felicula.\n\nThirty-five Vici.\n\nThirty-five Shrines.\n\nThirty-five Vicomagistri.\n\nTwo Curatores.\n\nTwo thousand seven hundred seventy-four Insulae.\n\nOne hundred forty Houses.\n\nTwenty-two Horrea.\n\nSixty-three Baths.\n\nSixty-three Lacus.\n\nTwenty Bakeries.\n\nIt contains thirty-two thousand five hundred feet.\n\nREGIO X.\n\nThe Palatium. It contains the Hut of Romulus.\n\nThe Temple of the Mother of the Gods and of Apollo Rhamnusius.\n\nThe Pentapylum.\n\nThe Augustan and Tiberian House.\n\nThe Temples of Jupiter Victor.\n\nThe House of Dio.\n\nThe Old Curia.\n\nFortuna Respiciens.\n\nThe Septizonium of Septimius Severus.\n\nVictoria Germanicia.\n\nThe Lupercal.\n\nTwenty Vici.\n\nTwenty Shrines.\n\nForty-eight Vicomagistri.\n\nTwo Curatores.\n\nTwo thousand six hundred forty-three Insulae.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Hadrianium","severity":"info","text":"A building or monument named after Hadrian, likely a temple or public structure, but its exact identification is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Thermas Alexandrinas, et Agrippinas","severity":"info","text":"The Baths of Alexander Severus and the Baths of Agrippa were major public bath complexes in Rome, built in the 3rd and 1st centuries AD respectively.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Porticum Argonautarum, et Meleagri","severity":"info","text":"The Portico of the Argonauts and the Portico of Meleager were porticoes in the Campus Martius, likely decorated with mythological scenes.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Iseum, et Serapeum","severity":"info","text":"The Iseum and Serapeum were temples dedicated to the Egyptian gods Isis and Serapis, located in the Campus Martius.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Septizonium D. Severi","severity":"info","text":"The Septizonium of Septimius Severus was a monumental nymphaeum on the Palatine Hill, built in the early 3rd century AD.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Vicomagisiri quad (??)eginta octo","severity":"caution","text":"The text is corrupt here; 'quad' likely represents a numeral, but the intended number is unclear. The English draft reads 'forty-eight'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The exact identification of Hadrianium is uncertain.","The numeral in 'Vicomagisiri quad (??)eginta octo' is corrupt; the reading 'forty-eight' is conjectural."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":14,"ref":"p14","source":"Domus octoginta octo.\n\nPistrina xx.\n\nContinet pedes xiiiilxvii.\n\nREGIO IX.\n\nCircus Flaminius. Continet stabula iiii, factionum vi.\n\nPorticum Philippi.\n\nMinuciam veterem et frumentariam.\n\nCryptam Balbi.\n\nTheatra iii (alt, cod. v) in primis Balbi, quod capit loca xidx. Pompeii, capit loca xvii. dlxxx. Marcelli, capit xx. Odeum, capit loca x. dc. Stadium, capit loca xxx. lxxxviii.\n\nCampum Martium.\n\nTrigarium.\n\nCiconias Nixas.\n\nPantheum.\n\nBasilicas Neptuni, Matidies, Marciani.\n\nTemplum Antonini, et columnam cochlidem, altam pedes clxxv. -s-. gradus intus habet (??), fenestras LVI.\n\nThermas Alexandrinas, et Agrippinas.\n\nPorticum Argonautarum, et Meleagri.\n\nIseum, et Serapeum.\n\nMinervam Chalcidicam.\n\nDivorum Mensule (aut Mensale) Felicles (alt cod• Mensulem).\n\nVici xxxv.\n\nAEdes xxxv.\n\nVicomag. xlviii.\n\nCurat. ii.\n\nInsulae ii. dcclxxvii.","english":"Eighty-eight houses.\n\nTwenty bakeries.\n\nIt measures 14,967 feet.\n\nREGION IX.\n\nThe Circus Flaminius. It contains four stables, of six factions.\n\nThe Portico of Philippus.\n\nThe Old and Grain Minucia.\n\nThe Crypt of Balbus.\n\nThree theaters (according to another codex, five): first, the Theater of Balbus, which holds 11,500 seats; the Theater of Pompey, which holds 17,580 seats; the Theater of Marcellus, which holds 20,000 seats. The Odeum, which holds 10,600 seats. The Stadium, which holds 30,088 seats.\n\nThe Campus Martius.\n\nThe Trigarium.\n\nThe Ciconiae Nixae.\n\nThe Pantheon.\n\nThe Basilicas of Neptune, of Matidia, of Marcianus.\n\nThe Temple of Antoninus, and the spiral column, 175 feet high. It has (?) steps inside, 56 windows.\n\nThe Baths of Alexander and of Agrippa.\n\nThe Portico of the Argonauts and of Meleager.\n\nThe Iseum and Serapeum.\n\nMinerva Chalcidica.\n\nThe Mensula (or Mensale) of the Divine Felicula (according to another codex, Mensulem).\n\nThirty-five Vici.\n\nThirty-five Shrines.\n\nForty-eight Vicomagistri.\n\nTwo Curatores.\n\n2,777 Insulae.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"Domus octoginta octo","severity":"info","text":"The count of 88 houses (domus) in Region IX contrasts with the 140 houses given for Region VIII in the previous passage, indicating variation in residential density across regions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Pistrina xx","severity":"info","text":"Pistrina (bakeries) are listed as 20, a standard facility count in regionary catalogues, reflecting the importance of bread distribution in Rome.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Circus Flaminius","severity":"info","text":"The Circus Flaminius was a major circus in the Campus Martius, used for games and assemblies; its inclusion here anchors the region's topography.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"Theatra iii (alt, cod. v)","severity":"caution","text":"The manuscript variation between three and five theaters indicates textual instability; the list that follows names three, suggesting the variant 'five' may be an error.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Ciconias Nixas","severity":"info","text":"Ciconiae Nixae (literally 'Snowy Storks') is a toponym of uncertain origin, possibly a monument or district in the Campus Martius.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"Templum Antonini, et columnam cochlidem","severity":"info","text":"The Temple of Antoninus and the spiral column (columna cochlis) likely refer to the Column of Antoninus Pius, though the description of 175 feet and 56 windows matches the Column of Marcus Aurelius, indicating possible conflation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The count of theaters varies between three and five in different manuscripts; the text lists three, but the variant is noted.","The phrase 'Mensule (aut Mensale) Felicles' is obscure; the reading 'Mensulem' in another codex suggests a possible corruption or alternative name for a monument."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":15,"ref":"p15","source":"Domus cxl.\n\nHorrea xxv.\n\nBalnea lxiii.\n\nLacos cxx.\n\nPistrina xx.\n\nContinet pedes xxxii d.\n\nREGIO X.\n\nPalatium. Continet casam Romuli.\n\nAEdem Matris deum, et Apollinis Rhamnusii.\n\nSypentadylus (alt. cod. sypenta dalius).\n\nDomum Augustianam, et Tiberianam.\n\nAEdem lobis.\n\nCuriam veterem.\n\nFortunam respicientem.\n\nSeptizonium divi Severi.\n\nVictoriam Germanianam.\n\nLupercam.\n\nVici xx.\n\nAEdes xx.\n\nVicomag. xlviii.\n\nCurat. ii.\n\nInsulae ii. dccxlii.\n\nDomus lxxxix.\n\nHorrea quadraginta octo.\n\nBalnea quatuordecim.\n\nLaci octoginta novem.\n\nPistrina viginti.\n\nContinet pedes undecim millia sexcentos.\n\nREGIO XI.\n\nCircus Maximus. Qui capit loca quadringenta octoginta quinque millia. Continet duodecim portas.\n\nTemplum Mercurii.\n\nAEdes Ditis Patris.\n\nCererem.\n\nPortam trigeminam.\n\nApollinem Coelispicem.\n\nHerculem Olivarium.\n\nVelabrum.\n\nArcum D. Constantini.","english":"One hundred forty houses.\n\nTwenty-five granaries.\n\nSixty-three baths.\n\nOne hundred twenty reservoirs.\n\nTwenty bakeries.\n\nIt measures 32,500 feet.\n\nREGION X.\n\nThe Palatine. It contains the Hut of Romulus.\n\nThe Temple of the Mother of the Gods, and of Apollo of Rhamnus.\n\nThe Sypentadylus (in another manuscript: sypenta dalius).\n\nThe Augustan House, and the Tiberian House.\n\nThe Temple of Jupiter.\n\nThe Old Senate House.\n\nFortune Looking Back.\n\nThe Septizonium of the Deified Severus.\n\nVictory Germaniana.\n\nThe Lupercal.\n\nTwenty districts.\n\nTwenty temples.\n\nForty-eight district magistrates.\n\nTwo curators.\n\n2,742 apartment blocks.\n\nEighty-nine houses.\n\nForty-eight granaries.\n\nFourteen baths.\n\nEighty-nine reservoirs.\n\nTwenty bakeries.\n\nIt measures 11,600 feet.\n\nREGION XI.\n\nThe Circus Maximus. Which holds 485,000 seats. It contains twelve gates.\n\nThe Temple of Mercury.\n\nThe Temple of Father Dis.\n\nCeres.\n\nThe Triple Gate.\n\nApollo the Sky-Watcher.\n\nHercules the Olive-Man.\n\nThe Velabrum.\n\nThe Arch of the Deified Constantine.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Sypentadylus","severity":"caution","text":"The term 'Sypentadylus' (variant 'sypenta dalius') is obscure and likely corrupt; it may refer to a structure with five columns or a misreading of a toponym.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"Septizonium divi Severi","severity":"info","text":"The Septizonium was a monumental nymphaeum built by Septimius Severus on the Palatine, serving as a façade for the imperial palace.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"Lupercam","severity":"info","text":"The Lupercal was a cave on the Palatine associated with the she-wolf that nursed Romulus and Remus, central to Rome's foundation myth.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"REGIO X","severity":"info","text":"Region X (Palatine) is the only region in the list that includes a mythological site (Hut of Romulus) and imperial residences, reflecting its symbolic and political centrality.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"Arcum D. Constantini","severity":"info","text":"The Arch of Constantine, listed in Region XI, was erected in 315 CE to commemorate Constantine's victory at the Milvian Bridge; its inclusion shows the text's terminus post quem.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Continet pedes xxxii d","severity":"caution","text":"The measurement 'xxxii d' (32,500 feet) for Region IX is likely corrupt; the numeral may be misread or the unit ambiguous, as other regions give round figures.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The term 'Sypentadylus' is of uncertain meaning and may be a scribal error.","The measurement 'xxxii d' in Region IX is ambiguous and possibly corrupt.","The number of theaters in Region IX is given as three in the main text but five in another codex, indicating textual variation."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":16,"ref":"p16","source":"Vici decem et octo.\n\nAEdiculae novemdecim.\n\nVicomagistri quadraginta octo.\n\nCuratores duo.\n\nInsulae duo millia sexcentae.\n\nDomus octoginta novem.\n\nHorrea sexdecim.\n\nBalnea quindecim.\n\nLaci viginti.\n\nPistrina quindecim.\n\nContinet pedes undecim millia quingentos.\n\nREGIO XII.\n\nPiscina publica. Continet aream Radicariam.\n\nViam novam.\n\nFortunam Mammosam.\n\nIsidem Athenodoriam.\n\nAEdem Bonae deae Subsaxanae.\n\nSignum delphini.\n\nThermas Antoninianas.\n\nSeptem domos Parthorum.\n\nCampum Lanatarium.\n\nDomum Chilonis.\n\nCohortes quatuor vigilum.\n\nDomum Cornificii.\n\nPrivatum Hadriani\n\nVici quatuordecim.\n\nAEdiculae septemdecim.\n\nVicomagistri quadraginta octo.\n\nCuratores duo.\n\nInsulae duo millia quadringentae octoginta septem.\n\nDomus centum quatuordecim.\n\nHorrea septemdecim.\n\nBalnea sexaginta tria.\n\nLaci octoginta et unus.\n\nPistrina viginti.\n\nContinet pedes duodecim millia.","english":"Eighteen districts.\n\nNineteen shrines.\n\nForty-eight district magistrates.\n\nTwo curators.\n\nTwo thousand six hundred apartment blocks.\n\nEighty-nine houses.\n\nSixteen granaries.\n\nFifteen baths.\n\nTwenty reservoirs.\n\nFifteen bakeries.\n\nIt measures 11,500 feet.\n\nREGION XII.\n\nThe Public Fishpond. It contains the Radicarian Area.\n\nThe New Road.\n\nFortune of the Large Breast.\n\nIsis of Athenodorus.\n\nThe Temple of the Good Goddess beneath the Saxa.\n\nThe Sign of the Dolphin.\n\nThe Antonine Baths.\n\nThe Seven Houses of the Parthians.\n\nThe Wool-Washing Field.\n\nThe House of Chilo.\n\nFour Companies of the Watch.\n\nThe House of Cornificius.\n\nThe Private Estate of Hadrian.\n\nFourteen districts.\n\nSeventeen shrines.\n\nForty-eight district magistrates.\n\nTwo curators.\n\nTwo thousand four hundred eighty-seven apartment blocks.\n\nOne hundred fourteen houses.\n\nSeventeen granaries.\n\nSixty-three baths.\n\nEighty-one reservoirs.\n\nTwenty bakeries.\n\nIt measures 12,000 feet.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Vici","severity":"info","text":"Vici here denotes administrative districts or wards within a Roman region, not villages. The term is standard in the Regionary Catalogues for subdivisions of a regio.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"AEdiculae","severity":"info","text":"AEdiculae refers to small shrines or chapels, often associated with the Lares Compitales. The count of shrines per region is a regular feature of the Regionary Catalogues.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Vicomagistri","severity":"info","text":"Vicomagistri were local officials in charge of the vici, responsible for cult and order. The number 48 per region is formulaic in the Catalogues, suggesting a conventional rather than precise figure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"REGIO XII","severity":"info","text":"Regio XII (Piscina Publica) was one of the fourteen Augustan regions of Rome. The landmarks listed, such as the Thermae Antoninianae (Baths of Caracalla) and the Privatum Hadriani, reflect the region's topography in the later imperial period.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Continet pedes undecim millia quingentos","severity":"caution","text":"The measurement of 11,500 feet for Regio XII is likely corrupt or conventional; other manuscripts give different figures. The total for the region in the previous passage (32,500 feet) and the sum of all regions do not align, indicating textual instability.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"REGIO XII","severity":"info","text":"The passage follows the standard structure of the Regionary Catalogues: a list of landmarks, then a statistical summary (vici, aediculae, etc.), and a perimeter measurement. The repetition of the statistical formula for each region is a defining feature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The reading 'Sypentadylus' in the previous passage is obscure and may be a corruption; the landmarks in Regio XII include several toponyms of uncertain identification (e.g., area Radicaria, Fortuna Mammosa). The perimeter figures for regions are inconsistent across manuscripts, suggesting scribal error or interpolation."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":17,"ref":"p17","source":"REGIO XIII.\n\nAventinus. Continet templum Dianae, et Minervae.\n\nNymphea tria.\n\nHorrea xlviii.\n\nBalnea xliiii.\n\nLacos xc.\n\nPistrina xx.\n\nContinet pedes xi. dx.\n\nREGIO XI.\n\nCircus Maximus. Continet templum Solis, et Lunae, et\n\nTemplum Mercurii.\n\nAEdem Matris deum, et Iobis.\n\nCererem.\n\nxii portas.\n\nPortam trigeminam.\n\nApollinem Coelispicem.\n\nHerculem Olivarium.\n\nVelabrum.\n\nArcum Constantini.\n\nVici xxi.\n\nAEdes xxi.\n\nVicomag. xlviii.\n\nCurat. ii.\n\nInsulae ii. d.\n\nDomus lxxxviii.\n\nHorrea xvi.\n\nBalnea xv.\n\nLacos xx.\n\nPistrina xvi.\n\nContinet pedes xi. d.\n\nREGIO XII.\n\nPiscina publica. Continet aream Radicariam.\n\nViam novam.\n\nFortunam Mammosam.\n\nIsidem Apenodariam.\n\nAEdem Bonae deae Subsaxanae.\n\nClevum (alt. cod. clivum) Delfini.\n\nThermas Antonianas.\n\nvii domus Parthorum.\n\nCampum Janatarium.\n\nDomum Cilonis.\n\nCohortes iiii vigilum.\n\nDomum Cornificies.","english":"Region XIII.\n\nThe Aventine. Contains the temple of Diana and of Minerva.\n\nThree nymphaea.\n\nForty-eight granaries.\n\nForty-four baths.\n\nNinety reservoirs.\n\nTwenty bakeries.\n\nContains 11,510 feet.\n\nRegion XI.\n\nThe Circus Maximus. Contains the temple of the Sun and of the Moon, and the temple of Mercury.\n\nThe shrine of the Mother of the Gods, and of Jupiter.\n\nCeres.\n\nTwelve gates.\n\nThe Trigemina Gate.\n\nApollo Coelispicem.\n\nHercules Olivarius.\n\nThe Velabrum.\n\nThe Arch of Constantine.\n\nTwenty-one wards.\n\nTwenty-one shrines.\n\nForty-eight district magistrates.\n\nTwo curators.\n\n2,500 apartment blocks.\n\nEighty-eight houses.\n\nSixteen granaries.\n\nFifteen baths.\n\nTwenty reservoirs.\n\nSixteen bakeries.\n\nContains 11,500 feet.\n\nRegion XII.\n\nThe Public Fishpond. Contains the Radicarian Square.\n\nThe New Way.\n\nFortuna Mammosa.\n\nIsis Apenodaria.\n\nThe shrine of Bona Dea Subsaxana.\n\nThe Slope of the Dolphin.\n\nThe Antonine Baths.\n\nSeven houses of the Parthians.\n\nThe Janatarian Field.\n\nThe House of Cilo.\n\nFour cohorts of the watch.\n\nThe House of Cornificia.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"REGIO XIII. / REGIO XI. / REGIO XII.","severity":"info","text":"The passage presents three regions out of the canonical fourteen of Augustan Rome, but the numbering is disordered: XIII, XI, XII. This suggests either a textual corruption or a non-standard ordering in the manuscript tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Nymphea tria","severity":"info","text":"Nymphaea (singular nymphaeum) were monumental fountains or shrines dedicated to nymphs. The listing of three in Region XIII is a plausible but modest count for the Aventine.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Lacos xc","severity":"caution","text":"Lacos (Greek λάκκος) means 'reservoirs' or 'cisterns'. The number ninety for Region XIII is unusually high and may be a scribal error; the parallel entry for Region XI gives twenty (Lacos xx), which is more typical.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Apollinem Coelispicem","severity":"info","text":"Apollinem Coelispicem is a corrupt or variant form of Apollo Caelispex ('Heaven-watcher'), an epithet otherwise unattested. It may refer to a statue or shrine of Apollo in the Circus Maximus area.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Herculem Olivarium","severity":"info","text":"Hercules Olivarius ('Hercules of the Olive') likely denotes a statue or cult site of Hercules associated with olive oil trade, perhaps near the Forum Boarium. The epithet is rare.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Isidem Apenodariam","severity":"caution","text":"Isidem Apenodariam is a corrupt form; the English draft reads 'Isis Apenodaria'. The intended epithet is uncertain—possibly a garbled reference to Isis Athenodoria (after the sculptor Athenodorus) or a toponym. The text is likely corrupt.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The order of regions (XIII, XI, XII) is non-sequential and may reflect a lacuna or misarrangement in the manuscript.","The counts for reservoirs (Lacos) in Region XIII (90) and Region XI (20) are inconsistent with typical Augustan regionary data; the figure 90 is suspect.","Several epithets (Apollinem Coelispicem, Herculem Olivarium, Isidem Apenodariam) are obscure or corrupt, making identification uncertain."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":18,"ref":"p18","source":"Privata Hadriani.\n\nVici xvii.\n\nAEdes xvii.\n\nVicomag. xlviii.\n\nCurat. ii\n\nInsulae ii. cccclxxxvii.\n\nDomus cxiii.\n\nHorrea xxvii.\n\nBalnea lxiii.\n\nLacos lxxx.\n\nPistrina xxv.\n\nContinet pedes xii.\n\nREGIO XIII.\n\nAventinus. Continet armilustrium, templum Dianae et Minervae\n\nNymphea iii.\n\nThermas Varianas, et Decianas.\n\nDoliolum.\n\nMappam auream.\n\nPlatanones.\n\nHorrea Galbae.\n\nPorticum Fabariam.\n\nScolam Cassii.\n\nForum Pistorium.\n\nVici septemdecim.\n\nAEdiculae septemdecim.\n\nVicomagistri quadraginta octo.\n\nCuratores duo.\n\nInsulae duo millia quadringentae octoginta septem.\n\nDomus centum triginta.\n\nHorrea viginti quinque.\n\nBalnea sexaginta quatuor.\n\nLacus octoginta octo.\n\nPistrina viginti.\n\nContinet pedes ducenta novem millia.\n\nREGIO XIV.\n\nTranstiberina. Continet Gaianum\n\nVaticanum.\n\nFrygianum.\n\nNaumachias quinque.\n\nHortos Domitios.\n\nBalneum Ampelidis, et Prisci, et Dianae Molinas.","english":"Private property of Hadrian.\n\nSeventeen districts.\n\nSeventeen shrines.\n\nForty-eight district magistrates.\n\nTwo curators.\n\nTwo thousand four hundred eighty-seven apartment blocks.\n\nOne hundred thirteen houses.\n\nTwenty-seven granaries.\n\nSixty-three baths.\n\nEighty reservoirs.\n\nTwenty-five bakeries.\n\nContains twelve feet.\n\nRegion XIII.\n\nThe Aventine. Contains the Armilustrium, temple of Diana and of Minerva.\n\nThree nymphaea.\n\nThe Baths of Varianus and of Decius.\n\nThe Doliolum.\n\nThe Golden Map.\n\nThe Plane-tree groves.\n\nThe Granaries of Galba.\n\nThe Portico of Fabaria.\n\nThe School of Cassius.\n\nThe Pistorian Forum.\n\nSeventeen districts.\n\nSeventeen small shrines.\n\nForty-eight district magistrates.\n\nTwo curators.\n\nTwo thousand four hundred eighty-seven apartment blocks.\n\nOne hundred thirty houses.\n\nTwenty-five granaries.\n\nSixty-four baths.\n\nEighty-eight reservoirs.\n\nTwenty bakeries.\n\nContains two hundred nine thousand feet.\n\nRegion XIV.\n\nThe Transtiberine region. Contains the Gaianum,\n\nthe Vatican,\n\nthe Phrygianum,\n\nfive naumachiae,\n\nthe Gardens of Domitius,\n\nthe Bath of Ampelis, and of Priscus, and of Diana Molinas.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Privata Hadriani","severity":"info","text":"This phrase likely refers to a private property or estate of the emperor Hadrian within Region XIII, possibly a residence or administrative building. The term 'privata' is unusual in the regionary catalogues and may indicate a specific named structure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Continet pedes xii","severity":"caution","text":"The figure 'xii' (12 feet) for Region XIII is implausibly small compared to other regions and likely a scribal error. The English draft follows the Latin, but the correct reading may be a larger number, as seen in Region XIV's 'ducenta novem millia' (209,000 feet).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Thermas Varianas, et Decianas","severity":"info","text":"These baths are named after the emperors Varius (perhaps a corruption of 'Varianus' for Caracalla) and Decius. The Baths of Decius are known from other sources to have been on the Aventine, confirming the topographical accuracy of this catalogue.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Mappam auream","severity":"info","text":"The 'Golden Map' (Mappa Aurea) is a unique toponym in the regionary catalogues, possibly a landmark or a decorated map displayed in the area. Its exact nature is unknown, but it may refer to a monument or a building with a gilded map.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"Horrea Galbae","severity":"info","text":"The Granaries of Galba are also mentioned in the Notitia and Curiosum Urbis Romae, confirming their location on the Aventine. They were large public warehouses, likely built or restored by the emperor Galba.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"REGIO XIV. Transtiberina","severity":"info","text":"Region XIV, the Transtiberine (across the Tiber), corresponds to modern Trastevere. The catalogue lists landmarks like the Vatican and Phrygianum, reflecting the area's religious and imperial significance, though the text breaks off before completing the region's entries.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The figure 'xii' for Region XIII's perimeter is likely corrupt; the intended number may be larger, as in other regions.","The term 'Privata Hadriani' is ambiguous: it could be a private property or a specific building type not fully understood.","The list for Region XIV is incomplete, ending mid-entry, which may reflect manuscript damage or a lacuna."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":19,"ref":"p19","source":"Janiculum.\n\nStatuam Valerianam.\n\nCohortes septem vigilum.\n\nCaput Gorgonis.\n\nFortis Fortunae templum.\n\nAream Septimiam.\n\nHerculem cubantem.\n\nCampum Brytianum et Codetanum.\n\nHortos Getae.\n\nCastra lecticariorum.\n\nVici septuaginta octo.\n\nVicomagistri quadraginta octo.\n\nAEdiculae septuaginta octo.\n\nCuratores tres.\n\nInsulae quatuor millia quadringentae quinque.\n\nDomus centum quinquaginta.\n\nHorrea viginti duo.\n\nBalnea octoginta sex.\n\nLacus centum octoginta.\n\nPistrina viginti tria.\n\nContinet pedes triginta tria millia quadringentos octoginta octo.\n\nBibliothecae xxix.\n\nEx his praecipue duae Palatina, et Ulpia.\n\nOBELISCI V.\n\nIn circo maximo unus, altus pedes octoginta octo semis.\n\nIn Vaticano unus, altus pedes septuaginta unum. campo Martio unus, altus pedes octoginta duos semis.\n\nThermas Syres et Decianas.\n\nDolocenum.\n\nMappa aurea.\n\nPlatanonis.","english":"Janiculum.\n\nThe Valerian Statue.\n\nSeven cohorts of the night watch.\n\nThe Gorgon's Head.\n\nTemple of Fors Fortuna.\n\nThe Septimian Square.\n\nHercules Reclining.\n\nThe Brytian and Codetan Fields.\n\nThe Gardens of Geta.\n\nThe Barracks of the Litter-Bearers.\n\nSeventy-eight districts.\n\nForty-eight district magistrates.\n\nSeventy-eight shrines.\n\nThree curators.\n\nFour thousand four hundred five apartment blocks.\n\nOne hundred fifty houses.\n\nTwenty-two granaries.\n\nEighty-six baths.\n\nOne hundred eighty public fountains.\n\nTwenty-three bakeries.\n\nIt contains thirty-three thousand four hundred eighty-eight feet.\n\nTwenty-nine libraries.\n\nAmong these, especially two: the Palatine and the Ulpian.\n\nFive obelisks.\n\nIn the Circus Maximus, one, eighty-eight and a half feet high.\n\nIn the Vatican, one, seventy-one feet high. In the Campus Martius, one, eighty-two and a half feet high.\n\nThe Syrian and Decian Baths.\n\nThe Dolocenum.\n\nThe Golden Map.\n\nPlatanonis.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Janiculum","severity":"info","text":"The Janiculum is one of the seven hills of Rome, located on the right bank of the Tiber. Its inclusion here marks the start of Region XIV, the Transtiberim.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Cohortes septem vigilum","severity":"info","text":"The seven cohorts of the night watch (vigiles) were the fire brigade and night police of Rome, established by Augustus. Their presence here indicates the region's administrative organization.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Caput Gorgonis","severity":"info","text":"Caput Gorgonis likely refers to a statue or emblem of the Gorgon's head, possibly associated with a temple or public monument in the region.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Dolocenum","severity":"caution","text":"Dolocenum is a hapax legomenon; its meaning is uncertain. It may be a toponym or a structure, possibly related to a cult or a type of building.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Mappa aurea","severity":"caution","text":"Mappa aurea ('Golden Map') is obscure; it may refer to a gilded map or a landmark. Its exact nature is unknown.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Platanonis","severity":"caution","text":"Platanonis is likely a toponym, possibly derived from 'platanus' (plane tree), indicating a grove or location. Its precise identification is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The list format leaves unclear whether each item is a distinct monument, district, or administrative unit. The term 'Dolocenum' and 'Mappa aurea' are particularly obscure and may be corrupt or misread."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":20,"ref":"p20","source":"Horrea Galbes, et Aniciana.\n\nPorticum Fabariam.\n\nScalam Cassim.\n\nForum Pistorum.\n\nVici xviii.\n\nAEdes xviii.\n\nVicomag. xlviii.\n\nCurat. ii.\n\nInsulae ii cccclxxxvii.\n\nHorrea xxxv\n\nBalnea xliii.\n\nLacos lxxxix (alt. cod. lxxxi).\n\nPistrina xx.\n\nContinet pedes xviii.\n\nREGIO XIV.\n\nTranstyberina. Continet Gaianum, et\n\nFrigianum.\n\nNaumachias v et Vaticanum.\n\nHortos Domities.\n\nMolinas.\n\nBalneum Ampelidis, et Dianes.\n\nCohortes vii vigilum.\n\nStatuam Valerianam.\n\nCaput Gorgonis.\n\nFortis Fortuna.\n\nCorariam Septimianam.\n\nHerculem sub terram medium cubantem sub quem plurimum aurum positum est.\n\nCampum Bruttianum (alt. cod. Brutianum) et Codetanum.\n\nHortos Getes.\n\nCastra tecticariorum.\n\nVici lxxviii.\n\nAEdes lxxviii.\n\nVicomag. xlviii.\n\nCurat. ii.\n\nInsulae iiii ccccv.\n\nDomus cl.\n\nHorrea xxii.\n\nBalnea lxxxvi.\n\nLacos clxxx.\n\nPistrina xxiiii.\n\nContinet pedes xxxiii.","english":"Granaries of Galba and the Anician.\n\nThe Fabarian Portico.\n\nThe Cassian Stairway.\n\nThe Bakers' Forum.\n\nEighteen districts.\n\nEighteen temples.\n\nForty-eight district magistrates.\n\nTwo curators.\n\nTwo thousand four hundred eighty-seven apartment blocks.\n\nThirty-five granaries.\n\nForty-three bathhouses.\n\nEighty-nine reservoirs (in another manuscript: eighty-one).\n\nTwenty bakeries.\n\nIt contains 18,000 feet.\n\nREGION XIV.\n\nTrans-Tiberim. It contains the Gaianum and the\n\nFrigianum.\n\nFive naumachiae and the Vatican.\n\nThe Gardens of Domitia.\n\nThe Mills.\n\nThe Baths of Ampelis and of Diana.\n\nSeven cohorts of the night watch.\n\nThe Valerian Statue.\n\nThe Gorgon's Head.\n\nFors Fortuna.\n\nThe Septimian Leather Market.\n\nHercules lying beneath the earth, in the middle, under whom a great quantity of gold is placed.\n\nThe Bruttian Field (in another manuscript: Brutian) and the Codetan Field.\n\nThe Gardens of Geta.\n\nThe Barracks of the Tent-Makers.\n\nSeventy-eight districts.\n\nSeventy-eight temples.\n\nForty-eight district magistrates.\n\nTwo curators.\n\nFour thousand four hundred five apartment blocks.\n\nOne hundred fifty houses.\n\nTwenty-two granaries.\n\nEighty-six bathhouses.\n\nOne hundred eighty reservoirs.\n\nTwenty-four bakeries.\n\nIt contains 33,000 feet.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"Horrea Galbes, et Aniciana","severity":"info","text":"The Granaries of Galba and the Anician were public storage facilities in Regio XIV, named after the emperor Galba and the Anician family.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Porticum Fabariam","severity":"info","text":"The Fabarian Portico is a portico named after the Fabian family; the spelling 'Fabariam' may reflect a variant or scribal error.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Herculem sub terram medium cubantem sub quem plurimum aurum positum est","severity":"info","text":"This describes a statue of Hercules reclining beneath the earth, with gold placed under it, possibly a cult image or a reference to a hidden treasure tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"Lacos lxxxix (alt. cod. lxxxi)","severity":"info","text":"The variant reading for the number of reservoirs (89 vs. 81) indicates textual instability in the manuscript tradition of the Descriptio.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"REGIO XIV","severity":"info","text":"The passage marks the beginning of Region XIV (Trans-Tiberim), following the same formulaic listing of monuments and administrative statistics as earlier regions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Campum Bruttianum (alt. cod. Brutianum) et Codetanum","severity":"caution","text":"The alternate spelling 'Brutianum' for 'Bruttianum' may reflect a scribal error or a genuine variant; the Codetan Field is otherwise unattested.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The exact location and identification of several monuments (e.g., Frigianum, Gaianum) are uncertain; the numbers of reservoirs and the spelling of Bruttianum vary between manuscripts."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":21,"ref":"p21","source":"Bibliothecae xxviii.\n\nOBELISCI VI.\n\nIn circo maximo duo; minor habet pedes lxxxviii.-s-; major habet pedes cxxii. -s-.\n\nIn campo Martio unus, altus pedes lxxii. -s-\n\nIn Vaticano unus altus pedes lxxv.\n\nIn mausoleo Augusti duo; singuli pedes octoginta duos semis.\n\nPONTES SEPTEM.\n\nAElius.\n\nAurelius.\n\nMolvius.\n\nSublicius.\n\nFabricius.\n\nCestius et Probi.\n\nMONTES SEPTEM.\n\nCaelius.\n\nAventinus.\n\nTarpeius.\n\nPalatinus.\n\nEsquilinus.\n\nVaticanus.\n\nJaniculensis.\n\nCAMPI OCTO.\n\nViminalis.\n\nAgrippae.\n\nMartius\n\nCodetanus.\n\nOctavius.\n\nPecuarius.\n\nLanatarius.\n\nBrytianus.\n\nFORA UNDECIM.\n\nRomanum.\n\nMagnum.\n\nCaesaris.\n\nAugusti.\n\nNervae Trajani.\n\nAEnobarbi.\n\nForum Boarium.\n\nSuarium.\n\nPistorum.\n\nGallorum.\n\nEt Rusticorum.\n\nBASILICAE DECEM.\n\nJulia.\n\nUlpia.\n\nPauli.\n\nNeptuni.\n\nMatidii.\n\nMarciana.\n\nBascellaria.\n\nFloscellaria.\n\nSicinii.\n\nConstantiniana.\n\nTHERMAE UNDECIM","english":"Twenty-eight libraries.\n\nSix obelisks.\n\nIn the Circus Maximus, two; the smaller is 88½ feet high; the larger is 122½ feet high.\n\nIn the Campus Martius, one, 72½ feet high.\n\nIn the Vatican, one, 75 feet high.\n\nIn the Mausoleum of Augustus, two; each 82½ feet high.\n\nSeven bridges.\n\nThe Aelian.\n\nThe Aurelian.\n\nThe Mulvian.\n\nThe Sublician.\n\nThe Fabrician.\n\nThe Cestian and the Probi.\n\nSeven hills.\n\nThe Caelian.\n\nThe Aventine.\n\nThe Tarpeian.\n\nThe Palatine.\n\nThe Esquiline.\n\nThe Vatican.\n\nThe Janiculan.\n\nEight plains.\n\nThe Viminal.\n\nThe Plain of Agrippa.\n\nThe Campus Martius.\n\nThe Codetan.\n\nThe Octavian.\n\nThe Cattle Plain.\n\nThe Wool Plain.\n\nThe Brytian.\n\nEleven forums.\n\nThe Roman Forum.\n\nThe Great Forum.\n\nThe Forum of Caesar.\n\nThe Forum of Augustus.\n\nThe Forum of Nerva Trajan.\n\nThe Forum of AEnobarbus.\n\nThe Cattle Forum.\n\nThe Swine Forum.\n\nThe Bakers' Forum.\n\nThe Gauls' Forum.\n\nAnd the Rustic Forum.\n\nTen basilicas.\n\nThe Basilica Julia.\n\nThe Basilica Ulpia.\n\nThe Basilica of Paul.\n\nThe Basilica of Neptune.\n\nThe Basilica of Matidia.\n\nThe Basilica of Marciana.\n\nThe Basilica Bascellaria.\n\nThe Basilica Floscellaria.\n\nThe Basilica of Sicinius.\n\nThe Basilica Constantiniana.\n\nEleven baths.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Bibliothecae xxviii.","severity":"info","text":"The list of twenty-eight libraries follows the pattern of enumerating public amenities, a common feature in regional catalogues of Rome.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Obelisci","severity":"info","text":"Obelisci refers to Egyptian obelisks brought to Rome, often erected in circuses and public spaces as symbols of imperial power.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"PONTES SEPTEM","severity":"info","text":"The list of seven bridges includes the Aelian (Pons Aelius, now Ponte Sant'Angelo), Aurelian (Pons Aurelius, possibly Ponte Sisto), Mulvian (Pons Mulvius, site of Constantine's victory), Sublician (oldest wooden bridge), Fabrician (Pons Fabricius, still standing), Cestian (Pons Cestius), and Probi (Pons Probi, now lost).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"MONTES SEPTEM","severity":"info","text":"The canonical seven hills of Rome are usually Palatine, Aventine, Caelian, Esquiline, Viminal, Quirinal, and Capitoline; this list substitutes Tarpeian (a part of Capitoline), Vatican, and Janiculan, reflecting a later or alternative tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"CAMPI OCTO","severity":"info","text":"Campi (plains) here include the Viminal (a hill, but listed as plain), Campus Martius (the famous field), and specialized markets like Pecuarius (cattle) and Lanatarius (wool), indicating a broad use of 'campus' for open spaces.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"FORA UNDECIM","severity":"info","text":"The list of eleven forums includes the Forum of Nerva Trajan (usually called Forum of Trajan) and Forum of AEnobarbus (otherwise unknown), suggesting a compilation from diverse sources or a later tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The list of hills includes Vatican and Janiculan, which are not among the traditional seven hills of Rome, indicating a possible later expansion or confusion.","The Forum of AEnobarbus is otherwise unattested; it may be a corruption or a local name.","The number of obelisks (six) and their heights vary in other manuscripts, suggesting textual instability."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":22,"ref":"p22","source":"Trajanae.\n\nTitianae.\n\nAgrippinae.\n\nSyrae.\n\nCommodianae.\n\nSeverianae.\n\nAlexandrinae.\n\nIn Mausoleo Augusti ii, alti singuli pedes xlii. s-.\n\nPONTES VIII.\n\nAElius.\n\nAEmilius.\n\nAurelius.\n\nMilvius.\n\nSublicius\n\nFabricius.\n\nCaestius et Probi.\n\nMONTES SEPTEM.\n\nCaelius.\n\nAventinus.\n\nTarpeius.\n\nPalatinus.\n\nExquilinus.\n\nVaticanus\n\nEt Janiculensis.\n\nCAMPI VIII.\n\nViminalis.\n\nAgrippae.\n\nMartius.\n\nCodetanus.\n\nOctavius.\n\nDequarius.\n\nLanatarius\n\nEt Brutianus.\n\nFORA XI.\n\nRomanum.\n\nMagnum.\n\nCaesaris.\n\nAugusti.\n\nNervae Trajani.\n\nAEnobarbi.\n\nBoarium.\n\nSuarium.\n\nPistorum.\n\nGallorum\n\nEt Rusticorum.\n\nBASILICAE X.\n\nJulia.\n\nUlpia.\n\nPauli.\n\nBestilia (alt. cod. Vestilia).\n\nNeptunia.\n\nMatidies.\n\nMarcianes.\n\nVascolaria.\n\nFloscellaria.\n\nConstantiniana.\n\nTHERMAE XI (alt. cod. X).\n\nTrajanoe\n\nTitianae.\n\nCommodianae\n\nAntonidianae.\n\nSyranae.\n\nAgrippianae.\n\nAlexandrinae","english":"Twenty-eight libraries. Six obelisks. In the Circus Maximus, two; the smaller is 88½ feet high; the larger is 122½ feet high. In the Campus Martius, one, 72½ feet high. In the Vatican, one, 75 feet high. In the Mausoleum of Augustus, two, each 42½ feet high.\n\nBridges, eight.\n\nAelian.\n\nAemilian.\n\nAurelian.\n\nMilvian.\n\nSublician.\n\nFabrician.\n\nCaestian and Probi.\n\nSeven Hills.\n\nCaelian.\n\nAventine.\n\nTarpeian.\n\nPalatine.\n\nEsquiline.\n\nVatican.\n\nAnd Janiculan.\n\nEight Fields.\n\nViminal.\n\nAgrippa’s.\n\nMartian.\n\nCodetan.\n\nOctavian.\n\nDequarian.\n\nLanatarian.\n\nAnd Brutian.\n\nEleven Fora.\n\nRoman.\n\nGreat.\n\nCaesar’s.\n\nAugustus’s.\n\nNerva Trajan’s.\n\nAhenobarbus’s.\n\nCattle.\n\nSwine.\n\nBakers’.\n\nGauls’.\n\nAnd Rustics’.\n\nTen Basilicas.\n\nJulia.\n\nUlpia.\n\nPaulus’s.\n\nBestilia (in other manuscripts, Vestilia).\n\nNeptune’s.\n\nMatidia’s.\n\nMarcia’s.\n\nVascolaria.\n\nFloscellaria.\n\nConstantinian.\n\nEleven Baths (in other manuscripts, ten).\n\nTrajan’s.\n\nTitian’s.\n\nCommodian.\n\nAntoninian.\n\nSyrian.\n\nAgrippa’s.\n\nAlexandrian.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"PONTES VIII","severity":"info","text":"The list of bridges, hills, fields, fora, basilicas, and baths follows a consistent enumerative pattern, each introduced by a numeral and a category heading. This structure is typical of late antique urban catalogues.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Tarpeius","severity":"info","text":"Tarpeius is an alternative name for the Capitoline Hill, derived from the Tarpeian Rock. Its inclusion here alongside the more common Caelian, Aventine, etc., reflects a variant in the list of Rome's seven hills.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Janiculensis","severity":"info","text":"Janiculensis refers to the Janiculum Hill. Its inclusion as the seventh hill, instead of the Capitoline, shows that the canonical list of seven hills was not fixed; different sources included different hills.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"FORA XI","severity":"info","text":"The list of eleven fora includes specialized markets (Boarium, Suarium, Pistorum, Gallorum, Rusticorum) alongside imperial fora. This reflects the diversity of public spaces in Rome, not all of which were political or ceremonial.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"Bestilia (alt. cod. Vestilia)","severity":"caution","text":"The variant reading 'Vestilia' for 'Bestilia' in the basilica list indicates textual instability. This may reflect a scribal error or a genuine alternative name for a basilica otherwise unattested.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"THERMAE XI (alt. cod. X)","severity":"caution","text":"The numeral for baths varies between eleven and ten in different manuscripts. This discrepancy suggests that the list may be incomplete or that some baths were counted differently by scribes.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The list of hills includes Tarpeius and Janiculensis, which are not the standard seven; the intended set is unclear.","The basilica 'Bestilia' or 'Vestilia' is not securely identified with any known building.","The count of baths (XI or X) is uncertain due to manuscript variation."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":23,"ref":"p23","source":"Antoninianae.\n\nDecianae.\n\nDiocletianae.\n\nConstantinianae.\n\nAQUAE XIX.\n\nTrajana.\n\nAnnia.\n\nAlsia.\n\nClaudia.\n\nMartia.\n\nHerculea.\n\nJulia.\n\nAugustea.\n\nAppia.\n\nAlsetina.\n\nSetina.\n\nCiminia.\n\nAurelia.\n\nDamnata.\n\nVirgo.\n\nTepula.\n\nSeveriana.\n\nAntoniana.\n\nAlexandrina.\n\nVIAE XXIX.\n\nTrajana.\n\nAppia.\n\nLatina.\n\nLavicana.\n\nPraenestina.\n\nTiburtina.\n\nNomentana.\n\nSalaria.\n\nFlaminia.\n\nAEmilia.\n\nClodia.\n\nValeria.\n\nAurelia.\n\nCampana.\n\nOstiensis.\n\nPortuensis.\n\nJaniculensis.\n\nLaurentina.\n\nArdeatina.\n\nSetina.\n\nQuintia.\n\nCassia.\n\nGallica.\n\nCornelia.\n\nTriumphalis\n\nPatinaria.\n\nAsinaria.\n\nCiminia.\n\nTiberina.\n\nHORUM BREVIARIUM\n\nCapitolia duo.\n\nCirci duo.\n\nAmphitheatra duo.\n\nDiocletianae.\n\nConstantinianae.\n\nSeverianae.\n\nAQUAE XVIIII.\n\nTrajana.\n\nAnnia.\n\nMarcia.\n\nCaerulea.\n\nClaudia.\n\nHerculea.\n\nJulia.\n\nAugustea.\n\nAttica.\n\nAppia.\n\nAlseatina (alt. cod. Setina).\n\nAEtina.","english":"of the Antonines.\n\nOf the Decians.\n\nOf the Diocletians.\n\nOf the Constantines.\n\nWATERS XIX.\n\nTrajan’s.\n\nAnnia’s.\n\nAlsia’s.\n\nClaudia’s.\n\nMartia’s.\n\nHerculea’s.\n\nJulia’s.\n\nAugustea’s.\n\nAppia’s.\n\nAlsetina’s.\n\nSetina’s.\n\nCiminia’s.\n\nAurelia’s.\n\nDamnata’s.\n\nVirgo’s.\n\nTepula’s.\n\nSeveriana’s.\n\nAntoniana’s.\n\nAlexandrina’s.\n\nROADS XXIX.\n\nTrajan’s.\n\nAppia’s.\n\nLatina’s.\n\nLavicana’s.\n\nPraenestina’s.\n\nTiburtina’s.\n\nNomentana’s.\n\nSalaria’s.\n\nFlaminia’s.\n\nAEmilia’s.\n\nClodia’s.\n\nValeria’s.\n\nAurelia’s.\n\nCampana’s.\n\nOstiensis’s.\n\nPortuensis’s.\n\nJaniculensis’s.\n\nLaurentina’s.\n\nArdeatina’s.\n\nSetina’s.\n\nQuintia’s.\n\nCassia’s.\n\nGallica’s.\n\nCornelia’s.\n\nTriumphalis’s.\n\nPatinaria’s.\n\nAsinaria’s.\n\nCiminia’s.\n\nTiberina’s.\n\nA SUMMARY OF THESE\n\nTwo Capitols.\n\nTwo Circuses.\n\nTwo Amphitheaters.\n\nOf the Diocletians.\n\nOf the Constantines.\n\nOf the Severans.\n\nWATERS XIX.\n\nTrajan’s.\n\nAnnia’s.\n\nMarcia’s.\n\nCaerulea’s.\n\nClaudia’s.\n\nHerculea’s.\n\nJulia’s.\n\nAugustea’s.\n\nAttica’s.\n\nAppia’s.\n\nAlseatina (alternate manuscript: Setina).\n\nAEtina’s.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"AQUAE XIX","severity":"info","text":"The list of aqueducts (AQUAE XIX) and roads (VIAE XXIX) follows a standard catalog format typical of late antique urban descriptions, mirroring the earlier enumeration of obelisks and bridges.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Antoninianae","severity":"info","text":"Antoninianae refers to the Aqua Antoniniana, an aqueduct built under Caracalla (official name Marcus Aurelius Antoninus), supplying the Baths of Caracalla.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Damnata","severity":"info","text":"Aqua Damnata (or Damnata) is a poorly attested aqueduct; the name may derive from a location or a corruption, and its identification remains uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"Alseatina (alt. cod. Setina)","severity":"caution","text":"The variant readings Alseatina and Setina in the summary section indicate textual instability; the earlier list has both Alsetina and Setina as separate entries, suggesting possible scribal duplication or confusion.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"HORUM BREVIARIUM","severity":"info","text":"The phrase HORUM BREVIARIUM introduces a summary that repeats and reorders some items from the preceding lists, a common feature in late antique compilations to provide a condensed overview.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"AQUAE XVIIII","severity":"caution","text":"The summary lists AQUAE XVIIII (19 waters) but enumerates only 12 names; the discrepancy suggests either textual loss or that the number is a scribal error carried over from the earlier list.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The summary section (HORUM BREVIARIUM) lists only 12 aqueducts despite claiming 19, leaving the count uncertain.","The variant readings Alseatina/Setina and the presence of both Alsetina and Setina in the main list create ambiguity about whether these are distinct aqueducts or scribal duplicates."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":24,"ref":"p24","source":"Ciminia.\n\nAurelia.\n\nDamnata.\n\nVirgo.\n\nTepula.\n\nSeveriana.\n\nAntoniana.\n\nAlexandrina.\n\nVIAE XVIII.\n\nTrajana.\n\nAp(??).\n\nLatina.\n\nLavicana.\n\nPraenestina.\n\nTiburtina.\n\nNumentana.\n\nSalaria.\n\nFlaminia.\n\nAEmilia.\n\nClodia.\n\nValeria.\n\nAurelia.\n\nCampana.\n\nOstiensis.\n\nPortuensis.\n\nJaniculensis.\n\nLaurentina.\n\nArdeatina.\n\nSetina.\n\nTiberina.\n\nQuintia.\n\nGallica.\n\nCasia.\n\nCornelia.\n\nTriumphalis.\n\nPatinaria.\n\nAsinaria.\n\nCiminia.\n\nHORUM BREVIARIUM.\n\nCapitolia ii.\n\nCirci ii.\n\nAmphitheatra ii.\n\nColossi duo.\n\nColumnae cochlides du(??).\n\nMacella duo.\n\nTheatra tria.\n\nLudi quatuor.\n\nNaumachiae quinque.\n\nNymphaea quindecim.\n\nEqui magni viginti tres.\n\nDeaurati octoginta.\n\nEburnei octoginta quatuor.\n\nArcus marmorei triginta sex.\n\nPortae triginta septem.\n\nVici quadringenti viginti quatuor.\n\nAEdes quadringentae viginti quatuor.\n\nVicomagistri sexcenti septuaginta duo.","english":"Ciminia.\n\nAurelia.\n\nDamnata.\n\nVirgo.\n\nTepula.\n\nSeveriana.\n\nAntoniana.\n\nAlexandrina.\n\nROADS XVIII.\n\nTrajana.\n\nAp(??).\n\nLatina.\n\nLavicana.\n\nPraenestina.\n\nTiburtina.\n\nNumentana.\n\nSalaria.\n\nFlaminia.\n\nAEmilia.\n\nClodia.\n\nValeria.\n\nAurelia.\n\nCampana.\n\nOstiensis.\n\nPortuensis.\n\nJaniculensis.\n\nLaurentina.\n\nArdeatina.\n\nSetina.\n\nTiberina.\n\nQuintia.\n\nGallica.\n\nCasia.\n\nCornelia.\n\nTriumphalis.\n\nPatinaria.\n\nAsinaria.\n\nCiminia.\n\nBREVIARY OF THESE.\n\nCapitolia ii.\n\nCircuses ii.\n\nAmphitheatres ii.\n\nColossi two.\n\nSpiral columns two.\n\nMarkets two.\n\nTheatres three.\n\nGames four.\n\nNaumachiae five.\n\nNymphaea fifteen.\n\nLarge horses twenty-three.\n\nGilded eighty.\n\nIvory eighty-four.\n\nMarble arches thirty-six.\n\nGates thirty-seven.\n\nDistricts four hundred twenty-four.\n\nTemples four hundred twenty-four.\n\nVicomagistri six hundred seventy-two.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"VIAE XVIII","severity":"info","text":"The heading 'VIAE XVIII' marks a new section listing roads, but the count 'XVIII' (18) does not match the 29 names that follow, suggesting textual corruption or a miscount in the manuscript tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Ap(??)","severity":"caution","text":"The entry 'Ap(??)' is an abbreviation or corruption; it likely stands for 'Appia' (the Appian Way), but the manuscript is damaged or unclear at this point.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Numentana","severity":"info","text":"The form 'Numentana' is a variant spelling of 'Nomentana' (the Via Nomentana), a road leading to Nomentum; such orthographic variation is common in late Latin manuscripts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Naumachiae quinque","severity":"info","text":"Naumachiae were artificial basins used for staged naval battles; the claim of five in Rome is not confirmed by other sources, which typically mention only one or two, indicating possible exaggeration or confusion.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"HORUM BREVIARIUM","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'HORUM BREVIARIUM' (Breviary of These) introduces a summary list of monuments; this format influenced later medieval and Renaissance catalogues of Roman antiquities, such as the Mirabilia Urbis Romae.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Vicomagistri sexcenti septuaginta duo","severity":"caution","text":"The number 672 for vicomagistri (district officials) is suspiciously precise and high; it may derive from a source that conflated different administrative lists, or it could be a scribal error.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The count of roads (XVIII) does not match the list of 29 names; the abbreviation 'Ap(??)' is uncertain; the total for vicomagistri (672) may be corrupt or based on a different administrative system."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":25,"ref":"p25","source":"Curatores viginti quatuor.\n\nInsulae per totam urbem numero quadraginta sex millia sexcentae duae.\n\nDomus mille septingentae octoginta.\n\nBalnea octingenta quinquaginta sex.\n\nLacus mille trecenti quinquaginta duo.\n\nPistrina ducenta quinquaginta quatuor.\n\nLupanaria quadraginta quinque.\n\nLatrinae publicae quadraginta quatuor.\n\nCohortes praetoriae decem.\n\nUrbanae quatuor.\n\nVigilum septem, quarum excubitoria quatuordecim\n\nVexilla communia duo.\n\nCastra equitum salgamariorum peregrinorum\n\nDescriptionis Romae finis.\n\nColossi ii.\n\nColumnae cochlides ii.\n\nTheatra iii.\n\nLudi iiii.\n\nNaumachiae v.\n\nNymphea xv.\n\nEqui magni xxii.\n\nDei aurei lxxx.\n\nEburnei lxxiiii.\n\nArci marmorei xxxvii.\n\nPortae xxxvii\n\nVici ccccxxiii.\n\nAEdes ccccxxiii.\n\nVicomagistri dcclxxii.\n\nCuratores xxviii.\n\nInsulae per totam urbem xlvi dcii\n\nDomus mdccxc.\n\nHorrea ccxc.\n\nBalnea dccclvi. (alt. Cod. dccclxv.)","english":"Twenty-four curators.\n\nApartments throughout the entire city: forty-six thousand six hundred and two.\n\nHouses: one thousand seven hundred and eighty.\n\nBaths: eight hundred and fifty-six.\n\nFountains: one thousand three hundred and fifty-two.\n\nBakeries: two hundred and fifty-four.\n\nBrothels: forty-five.\n\nPublic latrines: forty-four.\n\nPraetorian cohorts: ten.\n\nUrban cohorts: four.\n\nVigiles: seven, of which watch-stations: fourteen.\n\nCommon standards: two.\n\nCamp of the foreign cavalry provisioners.\n\nEnd of the Description of Rome.\n\nColossi: two.\n\nSpiral columns: two.\n\nTheaters: three.\n\nGames: four.\n\nNaumachiae: five.\n\nNymphaea: fifteen.\n\nLarge horses: twenty-two.\n\nGolden gods: eighty.\n\nIvory gods: seventy-four.\n\nMarble arches: thirty-seven.\n\nGates: thirty-seven.\n\nDistricts: four hundred and twenty-three.\n\nTemples: four hundred and twenty-three.\n\nDistrict magistrates: six hundred and seventy-two.\n\nCurators: twenty-eight.\n\nApartments throughout the entire city: forty-six thousand six hundred and two.\n\nHouses: one thousand seven hundred and ninety.\n\nWarehouses: two hundred and ninety.\n\nBaths: eight hundred and fifty-six. (alternate manuscript: eight hundred and sixty-five.)","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"Curatores viginti quatuor","severity":"info","text":"The list begins with 24 curatores, likely the curatores regionum (district supervisors) of the fourteen Augustan regions, though the number 24 suggests two per region or a later reorganization.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"Insulae ... Domus","severity":"info","text":"The distinction between insulae (apartment blocks) and domus (private houses) is standard in Roman urban statistics, reflecting the dense, multi-story housing of the poor versus elite dwellings.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"Balnea dccclvi. (alt. Cod. dccclxv.)","severity":"caution","text":"The variant bath count (856 vs. 865) indicates textual instability in the manuscript tradition, a common feature of the Descriptio Urbis Romae, which survives in multiple recensions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Descriptionis Romae finis","severity":"info","text":"The phrase marks a clear break between two sections: the first (with curatores, insulae, etc.) and a second list (colossi, columns, etc.) that repeats some items, suggesting compilation from different sources.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"Lupanaria quadraginta quinque","severity":"info","text":"The inclusion of brothels (lupanaria) and public latrines in a city description reflects the encyclopedic, moralizing tone of late antique regional catalogues, not a practical census.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Castra equitum salgamariorum peregrinorum","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'camp of the foreign cavalry provisioners' is syntactically incomplete and may be a scribal error or a heading; the term salgamariorum is obscure, possibly a corruption of salariorum (salt-merchants) or a military unit.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The number of curatores (24 vs. 28 later in the passage) is inconsistent, possibly reflecting different administrative periods or scribal error.","The phrase 'Castra equitum salgamariorum peregrinorum' is corrupt; salgamariorum is unattested elsewhere and may be a misreading."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":26,"ref":"p26","source":"Lacos, quod est putea, mccclii.\n\nPistrina ccliii.\n\nLupanariae xlvi.\n\nLatrinae publicae, quod est sicessos, cxliiii.\n\nCohortes praetoriae x.\n\nUrbanae iiii.\n\nVigilum vii. Quorum excuvitoria xiiii.\n\nVexilla communia duo.\n\nCastra equitum singulariorum, peregrinorum, Ravennantium, lecticariorum, silagariorum, misenantium, tabellariorum, victimariorum.\n\nMensae oleariae per totam urbem ii. ccc.\n\nExplicit.","english":"Lakes, that is, wells: 1,352.\n\nBakeries: 253.\n\nBrothels: 46.\n\nPublic latrines, that is, cesspits: 144.\n\nPraetorian cohorts: 10.\n\nUrban cohorts: 4.\n\nVigiles: 7. Their guard stations: 14.\n\nCommon standards: 2.\n\nCamps of the singular horsemen, the foreigners, the Ravennates, the litter-bearers, the silagarii, the Misenates, the couriers, the victimarii.\n\nOil-distributing counters throughout the entire city: 2,300.\n\nThe end.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Lacos","severity":"info","text":"Lacos is a Latinized Greek loanword (λάκκος) meaning a reservoir or cistern; the gloss 'putea' (wells) clarifies the sense for a Latin audience.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"sicessos","severity":"info","text":"Sicessos is a Latinized Greek term (σικόσσος) for a cesspit or latrine; the gloss 'latrinae publicae' shows the author is explaining an unfamiliar word.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Castra equitum singulariorum, peregrinorum, Ravennantium, lecticariorum, silagariorum, misenantium, tabellariorum, victimariorum","severity":"info","text":"This list enumerates specialized military and support units stationed in Rome: imperial horse guards (equites singulares), foreign troops (peregrini), sailors from Ravenna and Misenum, litter-bearers, couriers, and sacrificial attendants (victimarii).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Explicit","severity":"info","text":"Explicit is a standard Latin colophon marking the end of a work or section, here signaling the conclusion of the Descriptio Urbis Romae.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Mensae oleariae per totam urbem ii. ccc.","severity":"caution","text":"The numeral 'ii. ccc.' (2,300) is unusually high for oil-distributing counters; the figure may be corrupt or reflect a different counting method, as other totals in the text are smaller.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The term 'silagariorum' is obscure; it may refer to a type of military standard-bearer or a unit associated with silage (fodder), but its exact meaning is uncertain.","The numeral for mensae oleariae (2,300) is anomalously large compared to other counts, raising suspicion of textual corruption or a different unit of measurement."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]}]}