{"slug":"tmp191.tmp191.opp-lat1","id":"latin:ogl-pl:tmp191.tmp191.opp-lat1","title":"Appendix","title_source":"Appendix","author":"SS Damasus I","genre":"other","date":"","tradition":"latin","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T05:58:46Z","cost_usd":0.001557},"source":{"registry_id":"latin:ogl-pl:tmp191.tmp191.opp-lat1","work_id":"tmp191.tmp191.opp-lat1","edition":"ogl-pl","language":"","license":"Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License","url":"https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/patrologia_latina-dev/blob/master/data/tmp191/tmp191/tmp191.tmp191.opp-lat1.xml"},"stats":{"passages":2,"english_words":388,"coptic_letters":0,"source_letters":1398,"commentary_units":12,"commentary_kinds":6,"derived_notes":1,"ambiguities":5,"work_notes":5,"external_links":0,"timeline":5},"summary":{"work":"tmp191.tmp191.opp-lat1","abstract":"The Appendix to Pope Damasus I (366–384) collects poems, epigrams, and letters traditionally attributed to him, though their dates of composition are uncertain. Surviving in medieval manuscripts of the Liber Pontificalis and other collections, the appendix often supplements Damasus’s known epigrams. Its contents were used in later liturgical books and canon law collections but are not uniformly cited in early medieval councils. The edition presents these texts as traditionally assigned to Damasus without adjudicating authenticity; variant readings from key manuscripts are not recorded. The appendix reflects Damasus’s role as a patron of Christian epigraphy and poetry, with some items of disputed authenticity.","historical_context":"Damasus I served as bishop of Rome from 366 to 384, a period of consolidation for the Latin Church after the Constantinian shift. He promoted the cult of martyrs, commissioned epigrams for Roman catacombs, and supported liturgical Latin. The appendix likely originated in Rome or its environs, transmitted through medieval manuscript traditions, often as a supplement to the Liber Pontificalis. Its contents—poems, letters, and decrees—were copied in Carolingian and later liturgical and canonical collections. The language is Latin, with some Greek-based abbreviations (e.g., XPM for Christum). The genre is miscellaneous, mixing epigraphy, hagiography, and ecclesiastical regulation. The appendix’s relation to other Christian literature is indirect: it echoes Damasus’s known epigrams and later forgeries, but its precise community of origin and date of compilation remain uncertain.","significance":"The appendix matters because it preserves texts that shaped medieval perceptions of Damasus as a poet and legislator. It relates to the development of papal authority, the cult of martyrs, and Latin liturgical poetry. Its disputed authenticity highlights the fluid boundaries between genuine and pseudepigraphal works in late antique and medieval Christianity.","timeline":[{"date":"366–384","event":"Pontificate of Damasus I; composition of his authentic works."},{"date":"4th–5th c.","event":"Earliest possible compilation of texts attributed to Damasus."},{"date":"6th–9th c.","event":"Transmission of the appendix in medieval manuscripts of the Liber Pontificalis and other collections."},{"date":"Medieval period","event":"Use of appendix texts in liturgical books and canon law collections."},{"date":"Modern era","event":"Scholarly debate over the authenticity of the appendix’s contents."}],"relations":[{"work":"Liber Pontificalis","relation":"The appendix often survives as a supplement to this collection of papal biographies.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Epigrams of Damasus","relation":"The appendix collects additional poems and letters attributed to Damasus, supplementing his known epigrams.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Decretum Gelasianum","relation":"Some appendix texts may relate to early canon law collections like the Decretum.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Martyrologies","relation":"The appendix’s martyrdom narratives influenced later liturgical martyrologies.","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[],"cautions":["The dates of composition for the appendix’s texts are uncertain; they may span Damasus’s pontificate or be later forgeries.","The attribution to Damasus is disputed; the edition does not adjudicate authenticity.","The appendix’s contents are not uniformly cited in early medieval councils, suggesting variable reception.","Variant readings from key manuscripts are not recorded in this edition, limiting textual criticism."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000399,"generated":"2026-11-15T05:58:45Z"},"links":[{"kind":"source","label":"Open Greek and Latin Patrologia Latina","url":"https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/patrologia_latina-dev/blob/master/data/tmp191/tmp191/tmp191.tmp191.opp-lat1.xml"}],"checks":{"work":"tmp191.tmp191.opp-lat1","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":2,"translated":2,"commentary_passages":2,"commentary_units":12,"english_words":388,"source_letters":1398,"commentary_kinds":6},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Damasus I was pope from 366 to 384. The appendix collects texts attributed to him, but their dates of composition are uncertain and may span his pontificate.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The appendix survives in medieval manuscripts of the Liber Pontificalis and other collections, often as a supplement to Damasus’s epigrams and letters.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Damasus’s texts were used in later liturgical books and canon law collections, but the appendix’s contents are not uniformly cited in early medieval councils.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"Some items in the appendix are of disputed authenticity; the edition does not adjudicate attributions but presents them as traditionally assigned to Damasus.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This edition does not include a critical apparatus for the appendix; variant readings from key manuscripts are not recorded here.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: other in Latin; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 2 narrative."},{"kind":"caution","severity":"caution","text":"1 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: ogl-pl — Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":2},"term_index":[],"citations":{},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"APPENDIX AD OPERA SANCTI DAMASI PAPAE. (Carmina a Grutero ex eod. Palatin. edita.)\n\nOmnia, quaeque vides, proprio quaesita labore, Cum mihi gentilis jamdudum vita maneret. Institui, cultum cupiens cognoscere mundi. Judicio post multa Dei meliora sequutus, Contemptis opibus, malui cognoscere XPM: Haec mihi cura fuit, nudos vestire petentes, Fundere pauperibus, quidquid concesserat annus; Psallere et in populis volui modulante Propheta: Sic merui plebem XPI retinere Sacerdos.\n\nII.\n\nTempore, quo gladius secuit pia viscera matris *, Sexaginta duo capti feri tale Tyranni, Extemplo ducibus missis sua colla dedere\n\nConfessi XPM, superato Principe mundi AEtheriam petiere domum, regnumque piorum.\n\nIII.\n\nDiscite, quid meriti praestet pro rege feriri, Foemina non timuit gladium, cum natus obivit; Confessa XMP meruit per saecula nomen.\n\nIV.","english":"Appendix to the Works of Saint Pope Damasus. (Poems edited by Gruter from the Palatine Codex.)\n\nAll that you see, acquired by my own labor, while the life of a pagan still remained with me for a long time, I undertook, desiring to know the culture of the world. After many things, by the judgment of God, following better things, having despised wealth, I preferred to know Christ: this was my care, to clothe the needy who begged, to pour out for the poor whatever the year had granted; I wished to sing psalms among the people with the Prophet modulating: thus I merited to retain the people of Christ as a Priest.\n\nII.\n\nAt the time when the sword cut the pious vitals of the mother, sixty-two captives, fierce from such a Tyrant, immediately gave their necks to the leaders sent, confessed Christ, and, having overcome the Prince of the world, sought the heavenly home and the kingdom of the pious.\n\nIII.\n\nLearn what merit is granted for being struck for the king; a woman did not fear the sword when her son perished; having confessed Christ, she merited a name through the ages.\n\nIV.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"Damasus","severity":"info","text":"Damasus I, bishop of Rome (366–384), was a patron of Christian epigraphy and poetry. The appendix collects poems attributed to him, edited by Janus Gruter from a Palatine manuscript.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"XPM","severity":"info","text":"XPM is a Greek-based abbreviation for Christum (accusative), common in Latin Christian inscriptions and manuscripts. The chi-rho symbol is implied.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"Psallere et in populis volui modulante Propheta","severity":"info","text":"The phrase echoes the practice of psalmody, possibly referencing the Psalms of David (the Prophet). Damasus promoted liturgical singing in Rome.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"gladius secuit pia viscera matris","severity":"info","text":"This likely refers to the persecution of Christians under a Roman emperor, possibly Valens or Julian. The 'mother' may be the Church or a literal mother martyred.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"I, II, III","severity":"info","text":"The poem is divided into three numbered sections: I autobiographical, II a martyrdom narrative, III a moral exhortation. The numbering is editorial.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Appendix","severity":"caution","text":"The attribution to Damasus is uncertain. The poems are from a Palatine codex edited by Gruter; their authenticity is debated among scholars.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the 'mother' in line 1 of section II is ambiguous: it could be the Church or a literal mother. The 'tyrant' is unspecified.","The phrase 'cum natus obivit' in section III is ambiguous: it may mean 'when her son died' or 'when her son was born' (obivit as a variant of obiit)."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"Stringe, dolor, lacrymas; quaeris, plebs sancta, re- Levitam, subito rapuit sibi Regia coeli. [demptum Dulcia nectareo promebat mella canore, Prophetam celebrans sacro modulamine senem; Haec fuit insontis vita laudata juventus: Invidia infelix tandem compressa quiescit; Nunc Paradisus habet, sumpsit qui ex hoste tropaea.\n\nTHEODORA, QUAE VIXIT ANNOS XXI. MENSES VII. DIES XXIV. IN PACE. (Ex Spon. Itiner. tom I. pag. 317.)\n\nAmplificam sequitur vitam dum casta Aphrodite Fecit ad astra viam, XPI modo gaudet in aula: Restitit haec mundo semper, coelestia quaerens, Optima servatrix legis, fideique magistra;\n\nDedit egregiam sanctis per saecula mentem Inter eximios paradisi regnat odores, Tempore continuo vernant ubi gramina quaevis: Expectatque Deum, superas quo surgat ad auras. Hoc posuit corpus tumulo, mortalia linquens, Fundavitque locum conjux Eva.... A. N. S. DEP. DIE.... ANTONIO ET SUAGRIO CONS.","english":"Restrain your tears, O grief; you seek, holy people, the Levite, snatched away from you, whom the court of heaven suddenly took for itself. He used to pour forth sweet honey with a nectar-sweet song, celebrating the old prophet with sacred melody; this was the praised life of his innocent youth. Unhappy envy, at last suppressed, rests quiet. Now Paradise holds him, who took trophies from the enemy.\n\nTheodora, who lived 21 years, 7 months, 24 days. In peace.\n\nWhile chaste Aphrodite follows an ampler life, she made a way to the stars; now she rejoices in the hall of Christ. She always stood apart from this world, seeking heavenly things, an excellent keeper of the law and a teacher of faith. She gave an outstanding mind to the saints through the ages; among the distinguished ones she reigns in the odors of paradise, where all grasses are ever green. And she awaits God, by whom she may rise to the upper airs. This body she placed in the tomb, leaving mortal things, and her husband Eva founded the place... A. N. S. Dep. day... in the consulship of Antonius and Suagrius.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Stringe, dolor, lacrymas; quaeris, plebs sancta, re- Levitam, subito rapuit sibi Regia coeli.","severity":"info","text":"The line break after 're-' suggests a textual crux: the prefix may be part of 're- Levitam' (perhaps 're-levitam' for 'relevitam'? but the sense is 'the Levite'). The English draft treats it as 'the Levite, snatched away'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Levitam","severity":"info","text":"'Levitam' (accusative of 'levita') means a deacon or Levite, a clerical rank. Here it likely refers to a specific deceased cleric, possibly a martyr or confessor, whose identity is not given in the passage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Theodora, quae vixit annos XXI. menses VII. dies XXIV. in pace.","severity":"info","text":"The epitaph for Theodora follows the first poem. 'In pace' is a standard Christian funerary formula indicating she died in the peace of the Church. The consular date 'Antonio et Suagrio cons.' points to the year 393 CE (consulship of Antonius and Suagrius).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"Amplificam sequitur vitam dum casta Aphrodite","severity":"info","text":"The use of 'Aphrodite' as a personal name in a Christian epitaph is unusual; it may reflect a pagan name retained after conversion, or a literary flourish. The poem contrasts her chaste life with the pagan goddess's associations.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"sumpsit qui ex hoste tropaea","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'took trophies from the enemy' echoes the Christian concept of spiritual victory over sin or death, possibly alluding to 1 Corinthians 15:54-57 or similar Pauline passages on triumph over the flesh.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Fundavitque locum conjux Eva.... A. N. S. DEP. DIE.... ANTONIO ET SUAGRIO CONS.","severity":"caution","text":"The text is corrupt: 'Eva' may be a name (Eva, husband of Theodora) or a misreading. 'A. N. S.' and 'DEP. DIE' are abbreviations likely for 'anno', 'nostri', 'salutis'? or 'depositio die'? The consular date is clear, but the rest is fragmentary.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the Levite in the first poem is unknown; the name Theodora is given for the second epitaph, but the first subject is unnamed.","The phrase 're- Levitam' may be a scribal error or a deliberate line break; the intended reading is uncertain.","The name 'Aphrodite' may be a Christian name or a literary reference; the epitaph's context suggests a real person."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]}]}