{"slug":"tmp1461.tmp1461.opp-lat1","id":"latin:ogl-pl:tmp1461.tmp1461.opp-lat1","title":"Appendix (Secunda). Calendaria","title_source":"Appendix (Secunda). Calendaria","author":"Isidorus Hispaliensis","genre":"liturgy","date":"","tradition":"latin","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T06:13:07Z","cost_usd":0.005598},"source":{"registry_id":"latin:ogl-pl:tmp1461.tmp1461.opp-lat1","work_id":"tmp1461.tmp1461.opp-lat1","edition":"ogl-pl","language":"","license":"Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License","url":"https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/patrologia_latina-dev/blob/master/data/tmp1461/tmp1461/tmp1461.tmp1461.opp-lat1.xml"},"stats":{"passages":10,"english_words":1494,"coptic_letters":0,"source_letters":5304,"commentary_units":56,"commentary_kinds":7,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":17,"work_notes":5,"external_links":1,"timeline":6},"summary":{"work":"tmp1461.tmp1461.opp-lat1","abstract":"The Appendix (Secunda) to the works of Isidore of Seville contains liturgical calendars for the Hispanic (Mozarabic) rite, listing feasts, martyrs, and computistical data. These calendars survive in manuscripts from the 8th–10th centuries, often appended to Isidore's De natura rerum or Etymologiae, with regional variations. Attribution to Isidore (c. 560–636) is traditional but uncertain; the calendars likely incorporate material from the 7th century, with later additions. They influenced Mozarabic liturgy and were cited in later medieval computus and martyrologies, including those of Lyon and the Carolingian reform. This edition does not collate all manuscript witnesses; the printed text may reflect a single recension, omitting local variants in feast days or saints.","historical_context":"The calendars attributed to Isidore of Seville belong to the Visigothic or Mozarabic liturgical tradition of the Iberian Peninsula. Isidore, bishop of Seville (c. 600–636), was a prolific encyclopedist and a key figure in the transmission of classical and patristic knowledge. The Hispanic rite, which developed in the Visigothic kingdom, was characterized by its own liturgical calendar, distinct from the Roman and Gallican rites. The calendars survive in manuscripts from the 8th–10th centuries, a period when the Mozarabic community continued to use the old Hispanic rite under Islamic rule. They were often appended to Isidore's scientific and encyclopedic works, suggesting a practical use for computus and liturgical planning. The attribution to Isidore is traditional but uncertain; the calendars likely incorporate material from the 7th century, with later additions reflecting local cults and saints. These calendars influenced the Mozarabic liturgy and were cited in later medieval computus and martyrologies, including those of Lyon and the Carolingian reform. The printed edition may not collate all manuscript witnesses, omitting local variants.","significance":"The calendars are a key source for reconstructing the Mozarabic liturgical year and the cult of saints in early medieval Spain. They provide evidence for the development of the Hispanic rite and its interaction with other Western liturgical traditions. The attribution to Isidore, even if uncertain, links them to one of the most influential scholars of the early Middle Ages, and their transmission in manuscripts of his works shows the integration of liturgy and learning.","timeline":[{"date":"c. 560–636","event":"Life of Isidore of Seville, to whom the calendars are traditionally attributed."},{"date":"7th century","event":"Likely composition of the core material of the calendars, incorporating earlier liturgical and computistical data."},{"date":"8th–10th centuries","event":"Survival of the calendars in manuscripts, often appended to Isidore's De natura rerum or Etymologiae, with regional variations."},{"date":"8th–10th centuries","event":"Use of the calendars by the Mozarabic community under Islamic rule in the Iberian Peninsula."},{"date":"9th century","event":"Influence on Carolingian reform and martyrologies, including those of Lyon."},{"date":"16th–17th centuries","event":"Early modern editions and studies, such as those by Francisco de Pisa (d. 1616) and Juan Pino (fl. early 17th c.), which helped reconstruct the Mozarabic calendar."}],"relations":[{"work":"De natura rerum","relation":"The calendars are often appended to this work by Isidore, suggesting a practical link between computus and liturgy.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Etymologiae","relation":"The calendars are also found appended to this encyclopedic work, indicating their use in a scholarly context.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Mozarabic Missal and Breviary","relation":"These liturgical books are sources for the composite calendar in the edition, along with the Orationale Gothicum.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Orationale Gothicum","relation":"A manuscript of the Mozarabic liturgy used as a source for the composite calendar.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Tractatus historico-chronologicus de liturgia Hispanica","relation":"Juan Pino's early modern treatise that re-edited the calendar fragment published by Francisco de Pisa.","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[{"key":"wikipedia:Isidore of Seville","label":"Isidore of Seville","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville","reason":"Provides background on the traditional author and his works."}],"cautions":["Attribution to Isidore of Seville is traditional but uncertain; the calendars likely incorporate material from the 7th century with later additions.","The exact date of composition is unknown; the calendars survive in manuscripts from the 8th–10th centuries.","The printed edition may not collate all manuscript witnesses, omitting local variants in feast days or saints.","The calendars reflect regional variations and may not represent a single, authoritative recension."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000619,"generated":"2026-11-15T06:13:07Z"},"links":[{"kind":"source","label":"Open Greek and Latin Patrologia Latina","url":"https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/patrologia_latina-dev/blob/master/data/tmp1461/tmp1461/tmp1461.tmp1461.opp-lat1.xml"}],"checks":{"work":"tmp1461.tmp1461.opp-lat1","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":10,"translated":10,"commentary_passages":10,"commentary_units":56,"english_words":1494,"source_letters":5265,"commentary_kinds":7},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Appendix (Secunda) contains liturgical calendars attributed to Isidore of Seville, listing feasts, martyrs, and computistical data for the Hispanic rite.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The calendars survive in manuscripts from the 8th–10th centuries, often appended to Isidore's De natura rerum or Etymologiae, with regional variations.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"Attribution to Isidore (c. 560–636) is traditional but uncertain; the calendars likely incorporate material from the 7th century, with later additions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"These calendars influenced Mozarabic liturgy and were cited in later medieval computus and martyrologies, including those of Lyon and the Carolingian reform.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This edition does not collate all manuscript witnesses; the printed text may reflect a single recension, omitting local variants in feast days or saints.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: liturgy in Latin; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 10 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: ogl-pl — Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":10},"term_index":[],"citations":{},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"APPENDIX SECUNDA.\n\nQuamvis fragmentum vetusti Kalendarii Hispani, quod Franciscus de Pisa, anno 1595, Toleti ediderat, a Joanne Pino (Tract. historico-chronol. de liturgia Hispanica, cap. 9, sect. 4), iterum editum sit, tamen, quia ad notitiam festivitatum et jejumorum Ecclesiarum Hirpaniæ multum confert, illud hoc loco adjicere placuit, eique subjicere Kalendarium integrum, e Missali et Breviario Mozarabum, ex laudato fragmento, atque ex Orationali Gothicu collectum, quod, donec Kalendarium Gotho-Hispanum e Bibliothecarum latebris prodeat, ejus vices utcunque supplere possit.\n\nFRAGMENTUM VETUSTI KALENDARII A FRANCISCO DE PISA EDITI.\n\nMENSIS JANUARIUS.\n\nDies xxxi. I. dies habet horas x.\n\nNox XIIII.\n\nKAL. Circumcisin Domini nostri Jesu Christi. IIII von. Sanctæ Columbæ virg. senonas.\n\nIII. Jejunium observatur tribus diebus.\n\nII.\n\nNonis.","english":"APPENDIX TWO.\n\nAlthough a fragment of an ancient Spanish Calendar, which Francisco de Pisa had published at Toledo in the year 1595, was again published by Juan Pino (Historical-Chronological Treatise on the Hispanic Liturgy, ch. 9, sect. 4), nevertheless, because it contributes much to the knowledge of the feasts and fasts of the Churches of Spain, it has pleased us to add it in this place, and to subjoin a complete Calendar, gathered from the Mozarabic Missal and Breviary, from the aforementioned fragment, and from the Gothic Prayer-Book, which, until the Gotho-Hispanic Calendar emerges from the hiding-places of libraries, may somehow supply its place.\n\nFRAGMENT OF THE ANCIENT CALENDAR PUBLISHED BY FRANCISCO DE PISA.\n\nMONTH OF JANUARY.\n\n31 days. The first day has 10 hours.\n\nNight 14.\n\nKalends: Circumcision of our Lord Jesus Christ. 4th before the Nones: Saint Columba, virgin, of Sens.\n\n3rd before the Nones: A fast is observed for three days.\n\n2nd before the Nones.\n\nNones.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Francisco de Pisa","severity":"info","text":"Francisco de Pisa (d. 1616) was a Spanish historian and antiquary who published a fragment of an ancient Spanish calendar at Toledo in 1595. His work is a key source for the reconstruction of the Mozarabic liturgical calendar.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Juan Pino","severity":"info","text":"Juan Pino (fl. early 17th c.) re-edited the calendar fragment in his 'Tractatus historico-chronologicus de liturgia Hispanica' (chapter 9, section 4). This treatise is a major early modern study of the Mozarabic rite.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Orationali Gothico","severity":"info","text":"The 'Orationale Gothicum' (Gothic Prayer-Book) is a manuscript of the Mozarabic liturgy, containing prayers for the liturgical year. It is one of the sources used to compile the complete calendar here.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Kalendarium integrum","severity":"info","text":"The editor announces that the complete calendar is assembled from three sources: the Mozarabic Missal and Breviary, the fragment published by Pisa, and the Orationale Gothicum. This composite calendar is intended as a provisional substitute until a full Gotho-Hispanic calendar is discovered.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"Mensis Januarius","severity":"info","text":"The calendar entry for January begins with the Kalends (1 January) marked as the Circumcision of Christ, a feast that became standard in the Latin West by the 6th–7th centuries. The notation of day length (10 hours) and night length (14 hours) reflects ancient Roman timekeeping.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"Sanctæ Columbæ virg. senonas","severity":"info","text":"Saint Columba of Sens (d. c. 273) is a virgin martyr venerated in the Mozarabic calendar. Her feast on 4 January (ante Nonas) is attested in early medieval Spanish sources, though her cult is more prominent in Gaul.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'Jejunium observatur tribus diebus' (a fast is observed for three days) is ambiguous: it may refer to the Ember days of January, or to a local penitential observance. The exact days are not specified.","The abbreviation 'IIII von.' is likely a scribal error or abbreviation for 'IIII Nonas' (4th before the Nones). The reading 'von.' is not standard; it may be a misprint for 'Non.'"],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"VIII. Idus. Appatio. quod est Epiph.\n\nVII. Sancti Juliani, vel comitum mar. Antiocia.\n\nVI. II Sancti Luciani presb. mar. Eliopoli.\n\nV. Sanctorum XL. mar. Constantina.\n\nIIII. Sancte Serene virg. mar.\n\nIII.\n\nII.\n\nIdus.\n\nXVIIII. Kal. Febr. Sancti Felicis Nola.\n\nXVIII.\n\nXVII.\n\nXVI. Poticarpi, et Antonii.\n\nXV.\n\nXIIII. Sancti Sebastiani, et Comitum. Roma.\n\nXIII. Sanctarum Agnetis, et Emerentianæ. Roma.\n\nXII. Sanctorum Fructuosi epi. et Eulogii diaconorum. Tarracona. Mar.\n\nXI. Vincentii levitæ ar. Valentia.\n\nX. Obitum doi lidefonsi. epi. Toleto.\n\nVIIII. Sancti Babilæ epi. et trium Puerorum. Antiocia.\n\nVIII.\n\nVII. Caput Februarii apud Ægiptios.\n\nVI.\n\nV. Sancti Tyrsi, vel comitum. mar. Grecia.\n\nIIII.\n\nIII.\n\nII.\n\nMENSIS FEBRUARII.\n\nDies XXVIII, IIII. dies habet horas XI.\n\nNox XIII.\n\nKal.\n\nIIII Non.\n\nIII.\n\nII.\n\nNonis Sanctae Agate virg. mar. Catania.","english":"VIII Ides. Apparition, which is Epiphany.\n\nVII. Saint Julian, or the Counts, martyrs at Antioch.\n\nVI. II. Saint Lucian, priest, martyr at Heliopolis.\n\nV. The Forty Martyrs at Constantinople.\n\nIIII. Saint Serena, virgin, martyr.\n\nIII.\n\nII.\n\nIdes.\n\nXVIIII Kalends of February. Saint Felix of Nola.\n\nXVIII.\n\nXVII.\n\nXVI. Polycarp and Anthony.\n\nXV.\n\nXIIII. Saint Sebastian and the Counts, at Rome.\n\nXIII. Saints Agnes and Emerentiana, at Rome.\n\nXII. Saints Fructuosus, bishop, and Eulogius, deacons, at Tarragona, martyrs.\n\nXI. Vincent, deacon, at Valencia.\n\nX. Death of the lord Ildefonsus, bishop of Toledo.\n\nVIIII. Saint Babylas, bishop, and the Three Boys, at Antioch.\n\nVIII.\n\nVII. The beginning of February among the Egyptians.\n\nVI.\n\nV. Saint Thyrsus, or the Counts, martyrs in Greece.\n\nIIII.\n\nIII.\n\nII.\n\nMONTH OF FEBRUARY.\n\n28 days, the 4th day has 11 hours.\n\nNight 13.\n\nKalends.\n\nIIII Nones.\n\nIII.\n\nII.\n\nNones. Saint Agatha, virgin, martyr at Catania.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Appatio","severity":"info","text":"Appatio is a Latinized form of Greek ἐπιφάνεια (epiphany), here glossed as Epiph. (Epiphania). The term appears in early Hispanic calendars for the feast of the Epiphany (6 January).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Caput Februarii apud Ægiptios","severity":"info","text":"This entry marks the Egyptian New Year (the beginning of the month of February in the Egyptian calendar), reflecting the influence of Alexandrian computus on the Hispanic calendar.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"VIII. Idus … Idus","severity":"info","text":"The calendar entries for January follow the Roman system of counting backward from the Ides (13th) and Kalends (1st) of the next month. The sequence from VIII Ides to Ides covers 6–13 January.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"Obitum doi lidefonsi. epi. Toleto","severity":"info","text":"This records the death of Bishop Ildefonsus (Hildefonsus) of Toledo, likely a local saint venerated in the Visigothic church. The entry shows the calendar's inclusion of regional episcopal feasts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"VI. II Sancti Luciani","severity":"caution","text":"The numeral 'II' after 'VI' is likely a scribal error or a misreading of a Roman numeral; the intended date is probably the 8th of January (VI Ides). The duplication may arise from a marginal correction.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The reading 'Appatio' is a variant spelling; the standard Latin form is 'Apparitio' or 'Epiphania'.","The entry 'VI. II Sancti Luciani' is ambiguous: the 'II' may be a dittography or a separate numeral for a second feast."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"VIII. Idus.\n\nVII. Sanctæ Doroteæ, vel comitum. mar. Cappadocia.\n\nVI. Saucii Marci:::: evange. mar.\n\nIIII.\n\nIII.\n\niI\n\nIdus.\n\nKVI. Kalend.\n\nXV.\n\nXIIII.\n\nXIII. Sanccti Pantaleonis.\n\nXI,,,\n\nXI.\n\nIX.\n\nVIII. Cathedra sancti Petri apostoli.\n\nVII.\n\nVI. Sane. Julianae virg. et mar.\n\nIIII.\n\nIII.\n\nII.\n\nKALENDARIUM GOTHO-HISPANUM\n\nCollectum e fragmento Kalendarii Francisci de Pisa, ex Orationali Gothico, et e Missali et Breviario Mozarabum.\n\nMENSIS JANUARII.\n\nI. KALEND. Circuincisio Domini.\n\nII. IV. Non.\n\nIII. III. Jejunium.\n\nIIII. Pr. Non. Jejunium.\n\nV. Nonis. Jejunium.\n\nVI. VIII. hil. Apparitio Domini.\n\n, It. VII. Juliani et Basilissæ mar.\n\nVIII. VI.\n\nIx. V. A Sanctorum quadraginta martyrum.\n\nX. IV. Sanctae Serenae virg. 'naht.\n\nXI. III.\n\nXII. Pr. Id.\n\nXIII. Idibus.\n\nXIV. XIX. Kal. Feb. sancti Felicis Nolani.\n\nXV. XVIII.\n\nXVI. XVII.\n\nXVII. XVI. Policarpi et Antonii.","english":"VIII Ides.  \n\nVII. Saints Dorothea, or the Counts, martyrs in Cappadocia.  \n\nVI. Saint Mark, evangelist, martyr.  \n\nIIII.  \n\nIII.  \n\nII.  \n\nIdes.  \n\nXVI Kalends.  \n\nXV.  \n\nXIV.  \n\nXIII. Saint Pantaleon.  \n\nXII.  \n\nXI.  \n\nX.  \n\nIX.  \n\nVIII. Chair of Saint Peter the Apostle.  \n\nVII.  \n\nVI. Saint Juliana, virgin and martyr.  \n\nIIII.  \n\nIII.  \n\nII.  \n\nGOTHO-HISPANIC CALENDAR  \n\nCompiled from a fragment of the Calendar of Francis of Pisa, from the Gothic Orational, and from the Mozarabic Missal and Breviary.  \n\nMONTH OF JANUARY.  \n\nI. Kalends. Circumcision of the Lord.  \n\nII. IV Nones.  \n\nIII. III Nones. Fast.  \n\nIIII. Pr. Nones. Fast.  \n\nV. Nones. Fast.  \n\nVI. VIII Ides. Apparition of the Lord.  \n\nAlso. VII. Julian and Basilissa, martyrs.  \n\nVIII. VI Ides.  \n\nIX. V Ides. Of the Forty Holy Martyrs.  \n\nX. IV Ides. Saint Serena, virgin, martyr.  \n\nXI. III Ides.  \n\nXII. Pr. Ides.  \n\nXIII. Ides.  \n\nXIV. XIX Kalends of February. Saint Felix of Nola.  \n\nXV. XVIII Kalends.  \n\nXVI. XVII Kalends.  \n\nXVII. XVI Kalends. Polycarp and Antony.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"VIII. Idus.","severity":"info","text":"The entry for VIII Ides (January 6) in the first calendar is left blank, while the second calendar assigns it to the Apparition of the Lord (Epiphany). This structural gap may reflect a lacuna or a deliberate omission in the source fragment.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Sanctæ Doroteæ, vel comitum. mar. Cappadocia.","severity":"info","text":"The name 'Doroteæ' (Dorothea) is a variant reading; the English draft renders it as 'Dorothea'. The phrase 'vel comitum' indicates an alternative identification with the 'Counts' (comites), a group of martyrs.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Saucii Marci:::: evange. mar.","severity":"info","text":"The entry for Saint Mark the Evangelist (April 25) is placed in January, which is anomalous. This may reflect a confusion in the calendar tradition or a scribal error in the fragment.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"KALENDARIUM GOTHO-HISPANUM","severity":"info","text":"The second calendar is explicitly titled 'GOTHO-HISPANIC CALENDAR' and described as compiled from a fragment by Francis of Pisa, the Gothic Orational, and Mozarabic liturgical books. This indicates a composite, scholarly reconstruction of the Visigothic liturgical tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Sanccti Pantaleonis.","severity":"caution","text":"The spelling 'Sanccti' (with double 'c') is a scribal error for 'Sancti'. The entry for Saint Pantaleon (July 27) appears in the January section, which is a clear misplacement, likely due to a copying mistake in the manuscript tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"Circuincisio Domini.","severity":"info","text":"The feast of the Circumcision of the Lord (January 1) is based on Luke 2:21. The spelling 'Circuincisio' is a variant for 'Circumcisio'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The first calendar (lines 1–17) lacks dates for several days (e.g., IIII, III, II Ides), which may indicate lacunae or intentional omissions.","The placement of Saint Mark and Saint Pantaleon in January is chronologically inconsistent with their traditional feast days (April 25 and July 27), suggesting possible scribal error or a different liturgical tradition.","The relationship between the two calendars (the fragmentary first and the compiled second) is not explicitly stated; the second may be a reconstruction or a separate source."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"XVIII. XV.\n\nXIX. XIV. Sebastiani et comitum. mar.\n\nXX. XIII. Luciani presbiteri. mar.\n\nXXI. XII Agnetis virg. et mar.\n\nXXII. XI. Vincentii levitæ. mar\n\nXXIII. x.\n\nXXIV. IX. Babilæ episc. et trium Puerorum, mart.\n\nXXV. VIII.\n\nXXVI. VII.\n\nXX VII. VI.\n\nXXVIII. V. Tyrsi mart.\n\nXXIX. IV.\n\nXXX. III.\n\nXXXI. Pr. Kal. Feb.\n\nMENSIS FEBRUARII.\n\nI. KALEND.\n\nII. IIII. Nonis.\n\nIII. III.\n\nIIII. Prid.\n\nV. Non. Agatheæ virg. mar.\n\nVI. VIII. Id.\n\nVII. VII. Dorothævirg. mar.\n\nVIII. VI. Marci evangelistae. mar.\n\nIX. V.\n\nX. IIII.\n\nXL III.\n\nXII. Pr. Id. Eulaliae Barcinonensis. v..\n\nXIII. Idib. e Fructuosi ep. Augurii et Eulogii diaconorum. marti\n\nXIV, XVI. Kal.\n\nXV. XV.\n\nXVI. XIV.\n\nXVII. XIII.\n\nXV III. XII. Pantaleonis.\n\nXIX. XI.\n\nXX. X.\n\nXXI. IX.\n\nXXII. VIII. Cathedra sancti Petri apostoli.\n\nXXIII. VII.\n\nXXIV. VI. Matthiæ apostoli et Julianæ vir.. et mart.","english":"XVIII. XV.\n\nXIX. XIV. Sebastian and his companions, martyrs.\n\nXX. XIII. Lucian the priest, martyr.\n\nXXI. XII. Agnes, virgin and martyr.\n\nXXII. XI. Vincent the Levite, martyr.\n\nXXIII. X.\n\nXXIV. IX. Babylas the bishop and the Three Boys, martyrs.\n\nXXV. VIII.\n\nXXVI. VII.\n\nXXVII. VI.\n\nXXVIII. V. Thyrsus, martyr.\n\nXXIX. IV.\n\nXXX. III.\n\nXXXI. The day before the Kalends of February.\n\nTHE MONTH OF FEBRUARY.\n\nI. Kalends.\n\nII. IV Nones.\n\nIII. III.\n\nIV. The day before.\n\nV. Nones. Agatha, virgin and martyr.\n\nVI. VIII Ides.\n\nVII. VII. Dorothy, virgin and martyr.\n\nVIII. VI. Mark the Evangelist, martyr.\n\nIX. V.\n\nX. IV.\n\nXI. III.\n\nXII. The day before the Ides. Eulalia of Barcelona, virgin.\n\nXIII. Ides. And Fructuosus the bishop, Augurius and Eulogius the deacons, martyrs.\n\nXIV. XVI Kalends.\n\nXV. XV.\n\nXVI. XIV.\n\nXVII. XIII.\n\nXVIII. XII. Pantaleon.\n\nXIX. XI.\n\nXX. X.\n\nXXI. IX.\n\nXXII. VIII. Chair of Saint Peter the Apostle.\n\nXXIII. VII.\n\nXXIV. VI. Matthias the Apostle and Juliana, virgin and martyr.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"XVIII. XV.","severity":"info","text":"The calendar entries for January 18–31 and February 1–24 are presented in a tabular format with Roman numerals indicating the day of the month and the corresponding Kalends, Nones, or Ides. The structure follows the standard Roman calendar system.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Sebastiani et comitum","severity":"info","text":"The entry for January 19 commemorates Saint Sebastian and his companions, martyrs. Sebastian was a Roman soldier martyred under Diocletian; his cult was widespread in the Latin West.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Babilæ episc. et trium Puerorum","severity":"info","text":"January 24 lists Babylas, bishop of Antioch, and the Three Boys (Ananias, Azarias, Misael) from the Book of Daniel. The pairing of a bishop with the Old Testament youths is unusual and may reflect local liturgical traditions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Eulaliae Barcinonensis","severity":"info","text":"February 12 commemorates Eulalia of Barcelona, a virgin martyr. Her inclusion indicates the calendar's Spanish provenance, as she was a prominent local saint in the Visigothic liturgy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Fructuosi ep. Augurii et Eulogii diaconorum","severity":"info","text":"February 13 lists Fructuosus, bishop of Tarragona, and his deacons Augurius and Eulogius, martyred in 259. This entry further confirms the Hispanic character of the calendar.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Matthiæ apostoli et Julianæ vir.. et mart.","severity":"caution","text":"February 24 combines the feast of Matthias the Apostle with that of Juliana, virgin and martyr. The conflation may result from a scribal error or a local liturgical practice; the abbreviation 'vir..' suggests a missing or damaged manuscript.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The abbreviation 'mar.' for martyr and 'vir.' for virgin are standard but occasionally ambiguous when combined with other titles. The pairing of Matthias and Juliana on the same day may reflect a textual corruption or a deliberate local synaxis."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":5,"ref":"p5","source":"XXV. V.\n\nXXVI. IIII,\n\nXXVII. III.\n\nXXVIII. Prid.\n\nMENSIS MARTII.\n\nI. KALEND.\n\nII. VI. Non.\n\nIII. V. Emiterii et Celedonii mar.\n\nIIII. IIII.\n\nV. III. etc.\n\nMENSIS APRILIS.\n\nMENSIS MAII.\n\nI. KALEND. Torquati et comitum confess.\n\nII. VI. Non.\n\nIII. V. Inventio sanctæ Crucis.\n\nIIII. IIII.\n\nV. III.\n\nVI. Prid.\n\nVII. Nonis.\n\nVIII. VIII. Idibus, etc.\n\nDominicae Pentecostes præmittitur Jejunium quatuor dierum.\n\nMENSIS JUNII.\n\nI. KALEND.\n\nII. III. Non.\n\nIII. III.\n\nPrid.\n\nV. Nonis.\n\nVI. VIII. Id.\n\nVII. VII.\n\nVIII. VI.\n\nIX. v.\n\nXI. III.\n\nXII. Prid,\n\nXIII. Ibid.\n\nXIV. XXVIII. Kal. Jul.\n\nXV. XVII.\n\nXVI. XVI. Adriani, et Natalia mart.\n\nXVII. XV.\n\nXVIII. XIIII.\n\nXIX. XIII.\n\nXX. XII.\n\nXXI. XI.\n\nXXII. x.\n\nXXIII. IX.\n\nXXIV. VIII. Nativitas sancti Joannis Baptistæ.\n\nXXV. VII.\n\nXXVI. VI. a Pelagii mart.\n\nXXVII. V. Zoyli mart.\n\nXXVIII. IIII.\n\nXXIX. III. Petri et Pauli Apostolorum.","english":"XXV. 5th Kalends.\n\nXXVI. 4th Kalends.\n\nXXVII. 3rd Kalends.\n\nXXVIII. Pridie Kalends.\n\nMONTH OF MARCH.\n\nI. Kalends.\n\nII. 6th Nones.\n\nIII. 5th Nones. Emeterius and Celedonius, martyrs.\n\nIIII. 4th Nones.\n\nV. 3rd Nones, etc.\n\nMONTH OF APRIL.\n\nMONTH OF MAY.\n\nI. Kalends. Torquatus and his companions, confessors.\n\nII. 6th Nones.\n\nIII. 5th Nones. Finding of the Holy Cross.\n\nIIII. 4th Nones.\n\nV. 3rd Nones.\n\nVI. Pridie Nones.\n\nVII. Nones.\n\nVIII. 8th Ides, etc.\n\nThe fast of four days is placed before the Sunday of Pentecost.\n\nMONTH OF JUNE.\n\nI. Kalends.\n\nII. 4th Nones.\n\nIII. 3rd Nones.\n\nPridie Nones.\n\nV. Nones.\n\nVI. 8th Ides.\n\nVII. 7th Ides.\n\nVIII. 6th Ides.\n\nIX. 5th Ides.\n\nXI. 3rd Ides.\n\nXII. Pridie Ides.\n\nXIII. Ides.\n\nXIV. 18th Kalends of July.\n\nXV. 17th Kalends.\n\nXVI. 16th Kalends. Hadrian and Natalia, martyrs.\n\nXVII. 15th Kalends.\n\nXVIII. 14th Kalends.\n\nXIX. 13th Kalends.\n\nXX. 12th Kalends.\n\nXXI. 11th Kalends.\n\nXXII. 10th Kalends.\n\nXXIII. 9th Kalends.\n\nXXIV. 8th Kalends. Nativity of Saint John the Baptist.\n\nXXV. 7th Kalends.\n\nXXVI. 6th Kalends. Pelagius, martyr.\n\nXXVII. 5th Kalends. Zoylus, martyr.\n\nXXVIII. 4th Kalends.\n\nXXIX. 3rd Kalends. Peter and Paul, Apostles.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"XXV. V.","severity":"info","text":"The Roman calendar notation 'V.' stands for 'quinto Kalendas' (5th day before the Kalends). The sequence from XXV to XXVIII completes January, followed by the heading for March, with February entirely omitted.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"Dominicae Pentecostes præmittitur Jejunium quatuor dierum","severity":"info","text":"This rubric notes the four-day fast (Quatuor Tempora) preceding Pentecost Sunday, a seasonal observance in the Latin liturgical year, here inserted between May and June.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Prid.","severity":"info","text":"'Prid.' abbreviates 'Pridie' (the day before), used in Roman dating for the last day before the Kalends, Nones, or Ides.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"Inventio sanctæ Crucis","severity":"info","text":"The 'Finding of the Holy Cross' (May 3) commemorates the legendary discovery of the True Cross by Helena, mother of Constantine, widely observed in the Latin West by the 7th century.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"MENSIS APRILIS.","severity":"caution","text":"The entry for April is a bare heading with no calendar days listed, likely a lacuna in the manuscript tradition or an intentional placeholder.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"XXIX. III. Petri et Pauli Apostolorum.","severity":"info","text":"The feast of Peter and Paul on June 29 (3rd Kalends of July) is a major Roman festival, attested in the early Roman calendar and standardized by the 4th century.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The omission of February and the empty April heading may indicate manuscript damage or a deliberate abridgment; the reading assumes a lacuna."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":6,"ref":"p6","source":"XXX. Prid.\n\nMENSIS JULII.\n\nI. KALEND.\n\nII. VI. Non.\n\nIII. V.\n\nIIII.\n\nV. III.\n\nVI. Prid.\n\nVII. Nonis.\n\nVIII. VIII. Id.\n\nIX. VII.\n\nX. VI.\n\nXI. V.\n\nXII. IIII. Marcianae virg. mar.\n\nXIII. III.\n\nXIV. Prid.\n\nXV. Idibus.\n\nXVI. XVII. Kal. Aug.\n\nXVII. XVI. Justæ et Ruffinæ virg. mart.\n\nXVIII. XV.\n\nXIX. XIV.\n\nXX. XIII.\n\nXXI. XII.\n\nXXII. XI. Mariæ Magdalene.\n\nXXIII. x.\n\nXXIV. IX. Cristinæ virg. mart.\n\nXXV. Vill. Jacobi apost.\n\nXXVI. VII. Christophori et comitum mart.\n\nXXVII. VI. e Cucufatis mart.\n\nXXVIII. V.\n\nXXIX. IIII. Felicis Gerundensis mart.\n\nXXX. III.\n\nXXXI. Prid.\n\nMENSIS AUGUSTI.\n\nI. KALEND. Maccabeorum mart.\n\nH. IV. Non.\n\nIII. III.\n\nIIII. Prid.\n\nV. Nonis.\n\nVI. Id.\n\nVIII. Id. Justi et Pastoris mart.\n\nVII. VII.\n\nVIII. VI.\n\nIX. V.\n\nX. 1111. Sisti papæ, et LaurentH mart.\n\nXI. III. Ilippoliti mart.\n\nXII. Prid.\n\nXIII. Idib.\n\nXIV. XIX. Kal. Sept.","english":"30th. Day before the Kalends.\n\nMONTH OF JULY.\n\n1st. Kalends.\n\n2nd. 6th Nones.\n\n3rd. 5th Nones.\n\n4th. 4th Nones.\n\n5th. 3rd Nones.\n\n6th. Day before the Nones.\n\n7th. Nones.\n\n8th. 8th Ides.\n\n9th. 7th Ides.\n\n10th. 6th Ides.\n\n11th. 5th Ides.\n\n12th. 4th Ides. Marciana, virgin and martyr.\n\n13th. 3rd Ides.\n\n14th. Day before the Ides.\n\n15th. Ides.\n\n16th. 17th Kalends of August.\n\n17th. 16th Kalends. Justa and Ruffina, virgins and martyrs.\n\n18th. 15th Kalends.\n\n19th. 14th Kalends.\n\n20th. 13th Kalends.\n\n21st. 12th Kalends.\n\n22nd. 11th Kalends. Mary Magdalene.\n\n23rd. 10th Kalends.\n\n24th. 9th Kalends. Christina, virgin and martyr.\n\n25th. 8th Kalends. James the Apostle.\n\n26th. 7th Kalends. Christopher and his companions, martyrs.\n\n27th. 6th Kalends. The Cucufati, martyrs.\n\n28th. 5th Kalends.\n\n29th. 4th Kalends. Felix of Gerona, martyr.\n\n30th. 3rd Kalends.\n\n31st. Day before the Kalends.\n\nMONTH OF AUGUST.\n\n1st. Kalends. The Maccabees, martyrs.\n\n2nd. 4th Nones.\n\n3rd. 3rd Nones.\n\n4th. Day before the Nones.\n\n5th. Nones.\n\n6th. Ides.\n\n8th. Ides. Justus and Pastor, martyrs.\n\n7th. 7th Ides.\n\n8th. 6th Ides.\n\n9th. 5th Ides.\n\n10th. 4th Ides. Sixtus, pope, and Lawrence, martyr.\n\n11th. 3rd Ides. Hippolytus, martyr.\n\n12th. Day before the Ides.\n\n13th. Ides.\n\n14th. 19th Kalends of September.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"MENSIS JULII","severity":"info","text":"The heading 'MENSIS JULII' marks the start of the July calendar section, following the same Roman dating system as previous months.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Marcianae virg. mar.","severity":"info","text":"'Marcianae virg. mar.' abbreviates 'Marcianae virginis martyris' (of Marciana, virgin and martyr). The name is otherwise obscure in early martyrologies.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Cristinæ virg. mart.","severity":"info","text":"'Cristinæ virg. mart.' refers to Christina, virgin and martyr, likely a local cult figure; the spelling 'Cristina' is a variant of 'Christina'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"e Cucufatis mart.","severity":"info","text":"'e Cucufatis mart.' means 'from the Cucufati, martyrs'. The Cucufati are a group of martyrs associated with the cult of Cucufas (or Cucufatus) of Barcelona.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Felicis Gerundensis mart.","severity":"info","text":"'Felicis Gerundensis mart.' refers to Felix of Gerona, a martyr venerated in Spain; his feast appears on 29 July in some Hispanic calendars.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Maccabeorum mart.","severity":"info","text":"'Maccabeorum mart.' refers to the Maccabean martyrs, commemorated on 1 August in some Western calendars, though the feast is of Eastern origin.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The entry for 6 August (Id.) is missing in the Latin; the draft supplies 'Ides' but the numeral is absent. The entry for 7 August (VII. Id.) is also missing in the Latin; the draft supplies '7th Ides' but the numeral is absent. The sequence of days in August is irregular: the Latin lists 'VI. Id.' then 'VIII. Id.' (skipping VII), and 'VII. VII.' then 'VIII. VI.' (skipping VIII). The draft attempts"],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":7,"ref":"p7","source":"XV. XVIII. Assumptio beatae Mariæ virginis.\n\nXVI. XVII.\n\nXVII. XVI.\n\nXVII. XV.\n\nXIX. XIV.\n\nxx. XIII.\n\nXXI. XII.\n\nXXII. XI.\n\nXXIII. X.\n\nXXIV. IX. Bartholomæi apostoli.\n\nXXV. VIII. Genesii mart.\n\nXXVI. VII. Gerontii conf.\n\nXXVII. VI.\n\nXXVIII. V.\n\nXXIX. IV.\n\nXXX. III.\n\nXXXI. Prid.\n\nMENSIS SEPTEMBRIS.\n\nI. KALeND.\n\nII. IV. Non.\n\nIII. III.\n\nIIII. Prid.\n\nV. Nonis.\n\nVI. VIII. Id.\n\nVII. VII.\n\nVIII. VI.\n\nIX. v.\n\nX. IIII.\n\nXI. III. Jejun.\n\nXII. Prid. Jejunium.\n\nXIII. Idib. Jejunium.\n\nXIV. XVIII. KaL Oct. Gypriani ep. mart.\n\nXV. XVII.\n\nXVI. XVI. i Euphemiæ virg. mart.\n\nXVII. XV.\n\nXVIII. XIIII.\n\nXIX. XIII.\n\nXX. XII.\n\nXXI. XI. Mattbaei apost. et evangel.\n\nXXII. X.\n\nXXIII. IX.\n\nXXIV. VIII. i Decolatio sancti Joannis Baptistæ.\n\nXXV. VII.\n\nXXVI. VI.\n\nXXVII. V. Cosmi et Damiani mart.\n\nXXVIII. IIII. Fausti Januarii et Martialis.\n\nXXIX. III. Michelis archangeli.","english":"15th. 18th. Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.\n\n16th. 17th.\n\n17th. 16th.\n\n18th. 15th.\n\n19th. 14th.\n\n20th. 13th.\n\n21st. 12th.\n\n22nd. 11th.\n\n23rd. 10th.\n\n24th. 9th. Bartholomew the Apostle.\n\n25th. 8th. Genesius, Martyr.\n\n26th. 7th. Gerontius, Confessor.\n\n27th. 6th.\n\n28th. 5th.\n\n29th. 4th.\n\n30th. 3rd.\n\n31st. Day before the Kalends.\n\nMONTH OF SEPTEMBER.\n\n1st. Kalends.\n\n2nd. 4th Nones.\n\n3rd. 3rd Nones.\n\n4th. Day before the Nones.\n\n5th. Nones.\n\n6th. 8th Ides.\n\n7th. 7th Ides.\n\n8th. 6th Ides.\n\n9th. 5th Ides.\n\n10th. 4th Ides.\n\n11th. 3rd Ides. Fast.\n\n12th. Day before the Ides. Fast.\n\n13th. Ides. Fast.\n\n14th. 18th Kalends of October. Cyprian, Bishop and Martyr.\n\n15th. 17th.\n\n16th. 16th. Euphemia, Virgin and Martyr.\n\n17th. 15th.\n\n18th. 14th.\n\n19th. 13th.\n\n20th. 12th.\n\n21st. 11th. Matthew, Apostle and Evangelist.\n\n22nd. 10th.\n\n23rd. 9th.\n\n24th. 8th. Beheading of Saint John the Baptist.\n\n25th. 7th.\n\n26th. 6th.\n\n27th. 5th. Cosmas and Damian, Martyrs.\n\n28th. 4th. Faustus, Januarius, and Martialis.\n\n29th. 3rd. Michael the Archangel.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"XV. XVIII. Assumptio beatae Mariæ virginis.","severity":"info","text":"The entry for August 15 pairs the Roman date (15th) with the concurrent day count (18th Kalends of September) and the feast of the Assumption, a major Marian feast.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Jejun.","severity":"info","text":"The abbreviation 'Jejun.' (for jejunium, 'fast') appears on September 11, 12, and 13, marking the September Ember Days, a traditional period of fasting in the Latin Church.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"XXIV. IX. Decolatio sancti Joannis Baptistæ.","severity":"info","text":"The feast of the Beheading of John the Baptist on August 24 is an ancient observance, attested in early Latin martyrologies and still kept in the Roman Rite.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"XXIX. III. Michelis archangeli.","severity":"info","text":"The feast of Michael the Archangel on September 29 (here spelled 'Michelis') corresponds to the dedication of the Basilica of St. Michael in Rome, a widely observed feast in the medieval West.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"XXI. XI. Mattbaei apost. et evangel.","severity":"caution","text":"The spelling 'Mattbaei' for Matthew is a scribal variant; the standard form in liturgical manuscripts is 'Matthaei'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The abbreviation 'i' before 'Euphemiæ' and 'Decolatio' may stand for 'id est' or be a scribal mark; the reading taken is as a simple enumerative marker.","The entry for September 28 lists three names (Faustus, Januarius, Martialis) without specifying their rank; they are here taken as martyrs, though the text does not explicitly state this."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":8,"ref":"p8","source":"XXX. Prid.\n\nMENSIS OCTOBRIS.\n\nI. KALEND.\n\nII.. VI. Non.\n\nIII. V.\n\nIIII. IIII.\n\nV. III.\n\nVI. Prid.\n\nVII. Nonis.\n\nVIII. VItI. Id.\n\nIX. VII.\n\nX. VI.\n\nXI. V.\n\nXII. IIII.\n\nXIII. III.\n\nXIV. Prid.\n\nXV. Idibus.\n\nXXI. XVII. Kal. Novemb.\n\nXVII. XVI.\n\nXVIII. XV. a Lucæ evangelistæ.\n\nXIX. XIV.\n\nXX. XIII.\n\nXXI. XII.\n\nXXII. XI.\n\nXXIII. X. Servandi, et Germani mart.\n\nXXIV. IX.\n\nXXV. VIII.\n\nXXVI. VII.\n\nXXVII. VI.\n\nXXVIII. V. Simonis et Judae apostolorum.\n\nXXIX. IIII.\n\nXXX. III. Marcelli mart.\n\nXXXI. Prid.\n\nMENSIS NOVEMBRIS.\n\nI. KALEND. Omnium sanctorum.\n\nII. IV. Non.\n\nIII. III.\n\nIIII. Prid.\n\nV. Nonis.\n\nVI. VIII. id.\n\nVII. VII.\n\nVIII. VI. Jejunium.\n\nIX. V. Jejunium.\n\nX. IIII. Jejunium\n\nXI. III. Martini episcopi confess.\n\nXII. Prid. Emiliani abbat.\n\nXIII. Idib.\n\nXIV. XVIII. Kal. Dec.\n\nXV. XVII.\n\nXVI. XVI. Sperati, et comitum mart.\n\nXVII. XV. Acisclæ, et Victoriæ Mart.","english":"30th.\n\nMonth of October.\n\n1st. Kalends.\n\n2nd. 6th Nones.\n\n3rd. 5th.\n\n4th. 4th.\n\n5th. 3rd.\n\n6th. 2nd.\n\n7th. Nones.\n\n8th. 8th Ides.\n\n9th. 7th.\n\n10th. 6th.\n\n11th. 5th.\n\n12th. 4th.\n\n13th. 3rd.\n\n14th. 2nd.\n\n15th. Ides.\n\n21st. 17th Kalends of November.\n\n17th. 16th.\n\n18th. 15th. Of Luke the Evangelist.\n\n19th. 14th.\n\n20th. 13th.\n\n21st. 12th.\n\n22nd. 11th.\n\n23rd. 10th. Of Servandus and Germanus, Martyrs.\n\n24th. 9th.\n\n25th. 8th.\n\n26th. 7th.\n\n27th. 6th.\n\n28th. 5th. Of Simon and Jude, Apostles.\n\n29th. 4th.\n\n30th. 3rd. Of Marcellus, Martyr.\n\n31st. 2nd.\n\nMonth of November.\n\n1st. Kalends. Of All Saints.\n\n2nd. 4th Nones.\n\n3rd. 3rd.\n\n4th. 2nd.\n\n5th. Nones.\n\n6th. 8th Ides.\n\n7th. 7th.\n\n8th. 6th. Fast.\n\n9th. 5th. Fast.\n\n10th. 4th. Fast.\n\n11th. 3rd. Of Martin, Bishop, Confessor.\n\n12th. 2nd. Of Aemilianus, Abbot.\n\n13th. Ides.\n\n14th. 18th Kalends of December.\n\n15th. 17th.\n\n16th. 16th. Of Speratus and Companions, Martyrs.\n\n17th. 15th. Of Acisclus and Victoria, Martyrs.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"MENSIS OCTOBRIS","severity":"info","text":"The month of October is introduced with a heading, following the Roman calendar format of listing days by Kalends, Nones, and Ides.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"Kalend.","severity":"info","text":"Kalendae (Kalends) is the first day of the Roman month. The abbreviation 'Kalend.' here marks October 1st.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"Nonis","severity":"info","text":"Nonae (Nones) is the 7th day of March, May, July, and October, and the 5th of other months. Here 'Nonis' on October 7th marks the Nones.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"Idibus","severity":"info","text":"Idus (Ides) is the 15th day of March, May, July, and October, and the 13th of other months. 'Idibus' on October 15th marks the Ides.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"Omnium sanctorum","severity":"info","text":"The feast of All Saints on November 1st is a major liturgical celebration, here attested in a calendar from the Iberian tradition, reflecting its early medieval establishment.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Jejunium","severity":"caution","text":"The term 'Jejunium' (fast) appears on November 8th, 9th, and 10th, likely indicating the Ember Days of autumn, but the exact liturgical context in this calendar is not specified.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The numbering of days from October 16th to 20th is omitted in the Latin, possibly due to scribal error or abbreviation.","The specific year or local church for which this calendar was compiled is not indicated."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":9,"ref":"p9","source":"XVIII. XIIII. Romani, et Tlieudoli Mart.\n\nXIX. XIII.\n\nXX. XII.\n\nXXI. XI. Crispini ep. conf.\n\nXXII. X. Cæciliæ virg. mart.\n\nXXIII. IX. Clementis papæ mart.\n\nXXIV. VIII.\n\nXXV. VII.\n\nXXVI. VI.\n\nXXVII. V.\n\nXXVIII. IIII.\n\nXXIX. III. Saturnini episc. mart.\n\nXXX. Prid. Andreæ apost.,..art.\n\nMENSIS DECEMBRIS.\n\nI. KALEND.\n\nII. IV. Non.\n\nIII. III.\n\nIIII. Prid.\n\nV. Nonis.\n\nVI. VIII. id.\n\nVII. VII.\n\nVIII. VI.\n\nIX. V. Leocadiae virg.\n\nX. IIII. Eulaliæ Emerilens. virg. Mart.\n\nXI. III.\n\nXII. Prid. Eugeniae virg. mart.\n\nXIII. Idibus.\n\nXIV. XIX. Kal. Jan\n\nXV. XVIII.\n\nXVI. XVII.\n\nXVII. XVI.\n\nXVIII. XV. Festivitas gloriosæ sanctae M. virg.\n\nXIX. X V.\n\nXX. XIII.\n\nXXI. XII. Thomae apostoli.\n\nXXH. XI.\n\nXXIII. X.\n\nXXIV. IX.\n\nXXV. VIII. Nalivitas Domini nostri J. Christi.\n\nXXVI. VII. Sancti Stephani protomart.\n\nXXVII. VI. I Johannis apost. evangel.\n\nXXVIII. V. Innocentum mart.","english":"18th. 14th. Romanus and Theodulus, martyrs.\n\n19th. 13th.\n\n20th. 12th.\n\n21st. 11th. Crispinus, bishop and confessor.\n\n22nd. 10th. Caecilia, virgin and martyr.\n\n23rd. 9th. Clement, pope and martyr.\n\n24th. 8th.\n\n25th. 7th.\n\n26th. 6th.\n\n27th. 5th.\n\n28th. 4th.\n\n29th. 3rd. Saturninus, bishop and martyr.\n\n30th. 2nd. Andrew, apostle, martyr.\n\nMonth of December.\n\n1st. Kalends.\n\n2nd. 4th Nones.\n\n3rd. 3rd.\n\n4th. 2nd.\n\n5th. Nones.\n\n6th. 8th Ides.\n\n7th. 7th.\n\n8th. 6th.\n\n9th. 5th. Leocadia, virgin.\n\n10th. 4th. Eulalia of Emerita, virgin and martyr.\n\n11th. 3rd.\n\n12th. 2nd. Eugenia, virgin and martyr.\n\n13th. Ides.\n\n14th. 19th Kalends of January.\n\n15th. 18th.\n\n16th. 17th.\n\n17th. 16th.\n\n18th. 15th. Feast of the glorious holy Mary, virgin.\n\n19th. 14th.\n\n20th. 13th.\n\n21st. 12th. Thomas, apostle.\n\n22nd. 11th.\n\n23rd. 10th.\n\n24th. 9th.\n\n25th. 8th. Nativity of our Lord Jesus Christ.\n\n26th. 7th. Saint Stephen, protomartyr.\n\n27th. 6th. John, apostle and evangelist.\n\n28th. 5th. Holy Innocents, martyrs.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"MENSIS DECEMBRIS","severity":"info","text":"The heading 'MENSIS DECEMBRIS' marks the transition from October to December, following the Roman calendar format of the martyrology.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Crispini ep. conf.","severity":"info","text":"Crispinus is listed as bishop and confessor (ep. conf.), a standard abbreviation for episcopus confessor, indicating a saint who died without martyrdom.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Cæciliæ virg. mart.","severity":"info","text":"Caecilia is designated virgin and martyr (virg. mart.), a common pairing in early martyrologies for female saints who died for their faith.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Eulaliæ Emerilens. virg. Mart.","severity":"info","text":"Eulalia of Emerita (modern Mérida, Spain) was a prominent early Christian virgin martyr, venerated in the Hispanic liturgy, reflecting the local Spanish origin of this calendar.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"Festivitas gloriosæ sanctae M. virg.","severity":"info","text":"The entry for December 18 refers to the feast of the glorious holy Mary, virgin, likely the Feast of the Expectation of the Virgin, a Hispanic liturgical tradition predating the universal calendar.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Nalivitas Domini nostri J. Christi.","severity":"caution","text":"The spelling 'Nalivitas' is a scribal error for 'Nativitas' (Nativity), a common corruption in manuscript transmission, not a variant form.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The entry for December 30 (Andrew) is truncated: 'Andreæ apost.,..art.' likely intended 'Andreæ apostoli martyris' but the text is corrupt.","The feast of Mary on December 18 is ambiguous: it may refer to the Expectation of the Virgin or another local feast, as the title 'gloriosæ sanctae M. virg.' is generic."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":10,"ref":"p10","source":"XXIX. IIII.\n\nXXX. III. Jacobi fratri Domini.\n\nXXXI. Prid. i Columbæ Virg. Mart.","english":"29th. 4th.\n\n30th. 3rd. James, brother of the Lord.\n\n31st. Day before the Kalends. Columba, virgin and martyr.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"XXIX. IIII.","severity":"info","text":"The entry for the 29th day gives only the numeral 'IIII' (4th), indicating a day of the moon but no saint. This is typical of the sparse entries in the calendar.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Jacobi fratri Domini","severity":"info","text":"'James, brother of the Lord' refers to James the Just, a relative of Jesus, often identified as the first bishop of Jerusalem. The phrase 'fratri Domini' is a standard designation in Latin hagiography.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"Columba","severity":"info","text":"Columba is a virgin martyr venerated in the early Latin church, possibly associated with the Spanish or Gallic tradition. Her feast on 31 December is rare in later calendars.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"Prid. i","severity":"info","text":"'Prid. i' is an abbreviation for 'Pridie Kalendas' (the day before the Kalends), i.e., 31 December. This Roman dating system is used throughout the calendar.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The numeral 'IIII' for the 29th may be a lunar day or a simple ordinal; the text does not specify. The identity of Columba is uncertain; multiple saints of that name exist."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}