{"slug":"tmp1369.tmp1369.opp-lat1","id":"latin:ogl-pl:tmp1369.tmp1369.opp-lat1","title":"Catalogus Alter Episcoporum Vesuntionensis Ecclesiae","title_source":"Catalogus Alter Episcoporum Vesuntionensis Ecclesiae","author":"Protandius Vesuntinus Archiepiscopus","genre":"other","date":"","tradition":"latin","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T06:02:15Z","cost_usd":0.002427},"source":{"registry_id":"latin:ogl-pl:tmp1369.tmp1369.opp-lat1","work_id":"tmp1369.tmp1369.opp-lat1","edition":"ogl-pl","language":"","license":"Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License","url":"https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/patrologia_latina-dev/blob/master/data/tmp1369/tmp1369/tmp1369.tmp1369.opp-lat1.xml"},"stats":{"passages":4,"english_words":556,"coptic_letters":0,"source_letters":2516,"commentary_units":23,"commentary_kinds":8,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":8,"work_notes":5,"external_links":0,"timeline":6},"summary":{"work":"tmp1369.tmp1369.opp-lat1","abstract":"The Catalogus Alter Episcoporum Vesuntionensis Ecclesiae is a medieval Latin episcopal list for the Diocese of Besançon, traditionally attributed to Archbishop Protandius (fl. 7th century). The work survives in a single lost manuscript, known only through early modern copies and edited in the Patrologia Latina. It presents a third catalogue in a series, explicitly omitting bishops deemed unworthy, and includes otherwise unattested names, likely reflecting local traditions or lost records. The list was used in later ecclesiastical historiography to establish episcopal succession and influenced local liturgical calendars. Its core may date from the Carolingian period, but the attribution to Protandius is unverifiable, and the text likely underwent later additions.","historical_context":"The Catalogus Alter was produced for the Diocese of Besançon, an important see in eastern Gaul (modern France). The traditional attribution to Archbishop Protandius places its origin in the 7th century, but the surviving form likely dates from the Carolingian period (8th–9th centuries), when episcopal lists were often compiled to assert continuity and authority. The text is transmitted in a single manuscript, now lost, known only through early modern copies; the Patrologia Latina edition relies on these, introducing potential scribal errors. The list reflects local traditions, such as the association of Helena, mother of Constantine, with rebuilding the church of Saint Stephen at Besançon, and claims of papal ordination for early bishops (e.g., Pancratius ordained by Pope Julius I, 337–352). These claims are typical of later episcopal lists seeking apostolic or papal validation. The catalog was used in medieval and early modern historiography to establish episcopal succession, but discrepancies in names or dates remain unresolved, as it was not collated with other lists or charters.","significance":"The Catalogus Alter is significant as a rare witness to local episcopal traditions in early medieval Gaul, preserving names and narratives otherwise unattested. It illustrates how later communities constructed apostolic and papal links to legitimize their sees, and its exclusion of 'unworthy' bishops reveals local criteria for orthodoxy and authority. The work influenced later ecclesiastical historiography and liturgical calendars, though its historical reliability is limited.","timeline":[{"date":"7th c.","event":"Traditional floruit of Archbishop Protandius, to whom the catalog is attributed."},{"date":"8th–9th c.","event":"Probable Carolingian period for the core of the catalog, when episcopal lists were commonly compiled."},{"date":"4th c.","event":"Eusebius, said to be a disciple of Pope Melchiades (311–314), placed in early 4th century."},{"date":"337–352","event":"Pope Julius I ordains Pancratius, linking Besançon to Roman authority."},{"date":"Early modern","event":"Surviving copies made from the lost manuscript; used in ecclesiastical historiography."},{"date":"19th c.","event":"Edition in Patrologia Latina, based on early modern copies."}],"relations":[{"work":"Patrologia Latina","relation":"Contains the edition of this catalog","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Catalogus Episcoporum Vesuntionensis Ecclesiae","relation":"Related episcopal list for Besançon, possibly part of the same series","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Gesta Pontificum Vesuntionensium","relation":"Later medieval compilation of bishops of Besançon, drawing on similar traditions","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Liber Pontificalis","relation":"Parallel genre of episcopal lists with papal ordination claims","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[],"cautions":["Attribution to Protandius is traditional and unverifiable; the catalog likely underwent later additions.","The single manuscript is lost; the edition relies on early modern copies, introducing potential scribal errors.","The core date is uncertain; it may range from the 7th to the 9th century.","Names and dates in the catalog are not collated with other sources, so discrepancies remain unresolved."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000514,"generated":"2026-11-15T06:02:14Z"},"links":[{"kind":"source","label":"Open Greek and Latin Patrologia Latina","url":"https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/patrologia_latina-dev/blob/master/data/tmp1369/tmp1369/tmp1369.tmp1369.opp-lat1.xml"}],"checks":{"work":"tmp1369.tmp1369.opp-lat1","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":4,"translated":4,"commentary_passages":4,"commentary_units":23,"english_words":556,"source_letters":2516,"commentary_kinds":8},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Catalogus Alter is a medieval list of bishops of Besançon, attributed to Archbishop Protandius. It survives in a single manuscript tradition and is edited in the Patrologia Latina.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The work’s attribution to Protandius (fl. 7th century) is traditional but unverifiable. The list likely underwent later additions, and its core may date from the Carolingian period.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The text is transmitted in a single manuscript, now lost, but known through early modern copies. The Patrologia Latina edition relies on these copies, introducing potential scribal errors.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The catalog was used in later medieval and early modern ecclesiastical historiography to establish episcopal succession for the Diocese of Besançon, influencing local liturgical calendars.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"This edition does not collate the catalog with other episcopal lists or charters, so discrepancies in names or dates remain unresolved. The reader must consult critical studies for verification.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: other in Latin; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 4 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: ogl-pl — Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":4},"term_index":[],"citations":{},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"III. CATALOGUS ALTER EPISCOPORUM VESUNTIONENSIS ECCLESIAE;\n\nExceptis illis a quos reproba vita vel introitus de catalogo radi fecit, sicut Chelmesigelum, Tetradium, Felicem, Hayminium, et quosdam alios.\n\nLINUS (S.). Hic primus aedificavit Bisuntinensem Ecclesiam sancti Stephani, quae usque ad Hilarium permansit.\n\nMAXIMINUS (S.). Iste sexto ab urbe milliario, vitam eremiticam duxit, ubi et requiescit.\n\nPAULINUS (S.). Iste fuit discipulus beati Maximini; post cujus obitum, in eadem eremo sub persecutione Maximiani latuit. Requiescit autem in ecclesia sancti Stephani, ante altare.\n\nEUSEBIUS (S.). Hic fuit discipulus Melchiadis papae. Duobus annis episcopatum tenuit.\n\nHILARIUS (S.). Hujus tempore reaedificata est ecclesia sancti Stephani, ab Helena regina, matre Constantini, cum nulla adhuc ecclesia fuisset Bisuntii.\n\nPANCRATIUS (S.). Hic fuit contemporaneus Julii papae, a quo etiam episcopus est ordinatus.","english":"III. ANOTHER CATALOGUE OF THE BISHOPS OF THE CHURCH OF VESONTIO;\n\nExcepting those whom a reprobate life or entry caused to be erased from the catalogue, such as Chelmesigelus, Tetradius, Felix, Hayminius, and certain others.\n\nLINUS (Saint). He first built the church of Saint Stephen at Besançon, which remained until Hilarius.\n\nMAXIMINUS (Saint). He lived a hermit’s life six miles from the city, where he also rests.\n\nPAULINUS (Saint). He was a disciple of the blessed Maximinus; after the latter’s death, he hid in the same hermitage during the persecution of Maximian. He rests, however, in the church of Saint Stephen, before the altar.\n\nEUSEBIUS (Saint). He was a disciple of Pope Melchiades. He held the episcopate for two years.\n\nHILARIUS (Saint). In his time the church of Saint Stephen was rebuilt by Queen Helena, mother of Constantine, when as yet there was no church at Besançon.\n\nPANCRATIUS (Saint). He was a contemporary of Pope Julius, by whom he was also ordained bishop.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"III. CATALOGUS ALTER EPISCOPORUM VESUNTIONENSIS ECCLESIAE","severity":"info","text":"The heading marks this as a third catalogue in a series, distinct from the main episcopal list, and explicitly excludes bishops deemed unworthy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Chelmesigelum, Tetradium, Felicem, Hayminium","severity":"info","text":"These names are otherwise unattested or rare; their inclusion here as erased from the catalogue suggests local traditions or lost records of bishops considered unorthodox or scandalous.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Helena regina, matre Constantini","severity":"info","text":"Helena, mother of Constantine, is credited with rebuilding the church of Saint Stephen at Besançon. This tradition, though historically unverifiable, reflects the later association of imperial patronage with early Gallic churches.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"EUSEBIUS (S.) ... Duobus annis episcopatum tenuit","severity":"info","text":"Eusebius is said to have been a disciple of Pope Melchiades (311–314), placing his episcopate in the early fourth century, consistent with the Constantinian era of Hilarius.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"PANCRATIUS (S.) ... contemporaneus Julii papae","severity":"info","text":"Pope Julius I (337–352) is cited as ordaining Pancratius, linking the Besançon see to mid-fourth-century Roman authority, a claim typical of later episcopal lists seeking apostolic or papal validation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Exceptis illis a quos reproba vita vel introitus de catalogo radi fecit","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'reproba vita vel introitus' is ambiguous: it may mean a wicked life or an irregular entry (e.g., simony or forced appointment) caused removal from the catalogue. The Latin 'introitus' could also refer to the manner of entering office.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity and historicity of the excluded bishops (Chelmesigelus, Tetradius, Felix, Hayminius) are uncertain; they may be local figures or legendary.","The phrase 'reproba vita vel introitus' is ambiguous: 'introitus' could mean 'entry into office' or 'entry into the catalogue'."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"JUSTUS (S.). Hic tempore Juliani Apostatae multam legitur habuisse familiaritatem cum Eusebio martyre, Vercellensi episcopo.\n\nANIANUS (S.). Hic tempore Valentiniani et Valentis aedificavit ecclesiam sanctorum Ferreoli et Ferrucii, milliario ac semis ab urbe distantem.\n\nSILVESTER (S.). Hic aedificavit ecclesiam sancti Mauritii.\n\nFRONIMINUS (S.).\n\nDESIDERATUS (S.). Iste apud villam Ledonis sanctissimam vitam finivit, ubi et requiescit.\n\nGERMANUS (S.). Pro isto maximum miraculum operatus est Dominus, apud sanctum Vitum.\n\nLEONTIUS (S).\n\nCELIDONIUS (S.)· Hujus tempore exstilit adventus brachii sancti Stephani, ad urbem Bisuntinam.\n\nANTIDIUS (S.). Iste decimo ab urbe milliario ubi sepultus fuit, capitalem suscepit sententiam, sub Crosco Vandalorum rege.\n\nNICETIUS (S.). Hic fuit contemporaneus et familiaris beati papae Gregorii. Addebatur alia paulo recentiore manu. AEdificavit autem ecclesiam sancti Petri.","english":"JUSTUS (S.). He is read to have had much familiarity with Eusebius the martyr, bishop of Vercelli, at the time of Julian the Apostate.\n\nANIANUS (S.). He built the church of Saints Ferreolus and Ferrucius, a mile and a half distant from the city, at the time of Valentinian and Valens.\n\nSILVESTER (S.). He built the church of Saint Maurice.\n\nFRONIMINUS (S.).\n\nDESIDERATUS (S.). He ended his most holy life at the estate of Ledon, where he also rests.\n\nGERMANUS (S.). For him the Lord worked a very great miracle at Saint Vitus.\n\nLEONTIUS (S.).\n\nCELIDONIUS (S.). In his time occurred the arrival of the arm of Saint Stephen at the city of Vesontio.\n\nANTIDIUS (S.). He suffered capital sentence ten miles from the city, where he was buried, under Crosco, king of the Vandals.\n\nNICETIUS (S.). He was a contemporary and familiar of the blessed Pope Gregory. Another, slightly later hand added: He also built the church of Saint Peter.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"Juliani Apostatae","severity":"info","text":"Julian the Apostate, Roman emperor 361–363, sought to revive paganism and is often depicted in Christian sources as a persecutor. His reign provides a chronological anchor for Justus.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"Eusebio martyre, Vercellensi episcopo","severity":"info","text":"Eusebius of Vercelli (d. 371) was a bishop and confessor under the Arian emperor Constantius II; his association with Justus links the catalog to wider fourth-century ecclesiastical networks.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"Crosco Vandalorum rege","severity":"info","text":"Crosco (or Chrocus) is a legendary Vandal king; the reference to Antidius’s martyrdom under him reflects a hagiographic tradition, not secure historical record.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"Addebatur alia paulo recentiore manu","severity":"info","text":"The note on Nicetius indicates a later scribal addition, showing the catalog was updated over time. This is a rare explicit marker of manuscript stratification.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Hic ... Hic ... Iste ... Pro isto ... Hujus ... Iste ... Hic","severity":"info","text":"Each entry follows a formulaic pattern: name, saintly title, and a brief notice of deed or death. The repetition of 'Hic' and 'Iste' creates a uniform, annalistic structure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"FRONIMINUS (S.)","severity":"caution","text":"The entry for Froniminus contains no information beyond the name and saintly title, suggesting either a lacuna in the source or that the compiler had no data for this bishop.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Crosco' as a Vandal king is uncertain; the name may be legendary or confused with other figures.","The location 'Ledonis' for Desideratus is not securely identified.","The 'arm of Saint Stephen' relic arrival under Celidonius is not independently dated."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"PROTADIUS (S.).\n\n18.DONATUS (S.). Per isTum recepit ecclesia villas Domblingum et Arflatum. AEdificavit autem ecclesiam sancti Pauli, in qua etiam in Domino requievit; et Jussanum monasterium cum matre sua Flavia, quae ibi scpulla est.\n\nMIGETIUS (S.).\n\nTERNATIUS (S.).\n\nGERVASIUS (S.)\n\nCLAUDIUS (S.).\n\nABBO. Hic magnae abstinentiae fuit, pro qua episcopatum obtinuit.\n\nGUADALBERTUS.\n\nEVRARDUS.\n\nAURULSUS.\n\nERVEUS.\n\nGEDEON (S).\n\nBERNUINUS. Hic aedificavit ecclesiam sancti\n\nJoannis Evangelistae.\n\nAMALWINUS.\n\nARDUICUS. Iste acquisivit ecclesiae sancti Stephani ad luminaria concinnanda, salarium Ledonis, de manu Clotarii, nepotis Caroli regis. Abbatiam vero de Bergill, et Toloneum Bisuntii, obtinuit a rege Carolo.\n\nTHEODORICUS. Per hunc restituit Zuentebolus rex ecclesiae saneti Stephani villam Pauliaci.\n\nBERENCARIUS. Iste fuit nepos Theoderici, cui successit in archiepiscopatum; raptus et intronizatus communi electione, ante altare sancti Stephani, cujus erat canonicus. Sed propter Haguinum haereti cum excaecatus. Vicarium habuit in officio pontificali, Stephanum, Belicensem episcopum.","english":"PROTADIUS (S.).\n\n18. DONATUS (S.). Through him the church received the estates of Domblingum and Arflatum. He built the church of Saint Paul, in which he also rested in the Lord; and the monastery of Jussanum with his mother Flavia, who is buried there.\n\nMIGETIUS (S.).\n\nTERNATIUS (S.).\n\nGERVASIUS (S.).\n\nCLAUDIUS (S.).\n\nABBO. He was of great abstinence, for which he obtained the episcopate.\n\nGUADALBERTUS.\n\nEVRARDUS.\n\nAURULSUS.\n\nERVEUS.\n\nGEDEON (S.).\n\nBERNUINUS. He built the church of Saint John the Evangelist.\n\nAMALWINUS.\n\nARDUICUS. He acquired for the church of Saint Stephen, for the arranging of the lights, the salary of Ledon, from the hand of Clotarius, grandson of King Charles. He obtained the abbey of Bergill and the toll of Besançon from King Charles.\n\nTHEODORICUS. Through him King Zuentebolus restored the estate of Pauliacus to the church of Saint Stephen.\n\nBERENCARIUS. He was the nephew of Theodericus, whom he succeeded in the archbishopric; he was seized and enthroned by common election before the altar of Saint Stephen, of which he was a canon. But on account of the heretic Haguinus he was blinded. He had as his vicar in the pontifical office Stephen, bishop of Belley.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage is a list of bishops, each entry typically giving a name, sometimes with a saintly title (S.), and a brief notice of deeds or circumstances. The numbering '18.' before Donatus suggests a sequential catalog.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Per isTum","severity":"info","text":"'Per isTum' is a Latin phrase meaning 'through this man', with 'isTum' a variant spelling of 'istum'. It introduces a benefaction attributed to Donatus.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Zuentebolus","severity":"info","text":"Zuentebolus is likely a Latinized form of Zwentibold, a 9th-century king of Lotharingia (r. 895–900). His mention provides a chronological anchor for Theodoricus's episcopate.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Haguinum haereticum","severity":"info","text":"The heretic Haguinus is otherwise unattested; the name may be a corruption or a local figure. The blinding of Berencarius suggests a conflict, possibly during the 10th-century struggles over episcopal appointments.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"Arduicus","severity":"info","text":"Arduicus's acquisition of the toll of Besançon (Toloneum Bisuntii) from a King Charles indicates a royal grant, likely Charles the Bald or Charles the Simple, reflecting the bishop's growing temporal power.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"scpulla","severity":"caution","text":"The word 'scpulla' in the Latin is a scribal error for 'sepulta' (buried). The text likely intended 'quae ibi sepulta est'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Clotarius, nepos Caroli regis' is ambiguous: it could be a Carolingian king named Lothair, but the relationship to a King Charles is unclear. The reading assumes a grandson of Charles the Bald or Charles the Simple.","The heretic Haguinus is not identified in known sources; the text may preserve a local tradition or a corruption of a name like Hatto or Hagan."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"GIRFREDUS.\n\nGUIDO.\n\nGUICHARDUS.\n\nLEOTOLDUS.\n\nHECTOR.\n\nGUALTERIUS. Ilic iterum coepit reaedificare ecclesiam sancti Stephani, ad modum Romanae ecclesiae sancti Petri.\n\nHUGO. Iste consummavit, sed multum retractam.","english":"GIRFREDUS.\n\nGUIDO.\n\nGUICHARDUS.\n\nLEOTOLDUS.\n\nHECTOR.\n\nGUALTERIUS. There he again began to rebuild the church of Saint Stephen, after the manner of the Roman church of Saint Peter.\n\nHUGO. This man completed it, but greatly reduced in size.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"Gualterius","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Ilic iterum coepit reaedificare ecclesiam sancti Stephani' indicates that Gualterius began rebuilding the church of Saint Stephen, a project that Hugo later completed but on a reduced scale.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ad modum Romanae ecclesiae sancti Petri","severity":"info","text":"The comparison to the Roman church of Saint Peter suggests an architectural model, possibly referencing Old St. Peter's Basilica, a common prototype for Carolingian and Romanesque churches.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"retractam","severity":"info","text":"'Retractam' (from retrahere) here means 'reduced in size' or 'drawn back,' indicating that Hugo's completion of the church was on a smaller scale than originally planned.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Gualterius ... Hugo","severity":"info","text":"The passage pairs two entries: Gualterius begins the rebuilding, Hugo completes it. This sequential structure highlights a shared building project across episcopal tenures.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"Ilic iterum","severity":"info","text":"'Ilic iterum' ('there again') implies that the church of Saint Stephen had been rebuilt before, possibly by an earlier bishop, and Gualterius undertook a new phase.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the church of Saint Stephen is not specified; it may be the cathedral of Besançon or a separate foundation. The phrase 'ad modum Romanae ecclesiae sancti Petri' is ambiguous as to whether it refers to the architecture, liturgy, or dedication."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}