{"slug":"tmp1233.tmp1233.opp-lat1","id":"latin:ogl-pl:tmp1233.tmp1233.opp-lat1","title":"Veteres Litaniae Anglicanae","title_source":"Veteres Litaniae Anglicanae","author":"Anomynus","genre":"other","date":"","tradition":"latin","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T06:09:50Z","cost_usd":0.004141},"source":{"registry_id":"latin:ogl-pl:tmp1233.tmp1233.opp-lat1","work_id":"tmp1233.tmp1233.opp-lat1","edition":"ogl-pl","language":"","license":"Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License","url":"https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/patrologia_latina-dev/blob/master/data/tmp1233/tmp1233/tmp1233.tmp1233.opp-lat1.xml"},"stats":{"passages":8,"english_words":1184,"coptic_letters":0,"source_letters":4806,"commentary_units":47,"commentary_kinds":7,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":10,"work_notes":6,"external_links":0,"timeline":4},"summary":{"work":"tmp1233.tmp1233.opp-lat1","abstract":"The *Veteres Litaniae Anglicanae* is an anonymous collection of Latin litanies from pre-Conquest England, preserved in a single manuscript. Its compilation reflects local Anglo-Saxon liturgical practice, with invocations of saints venerated in England before the Norman Conquest. Dating from paleographic and liturgical evidence to the 10th–11th century, the litanies show later additions and corrections. The edition, based on the Ogl PL transcription, lacks a critical apparatus and may contain errors in abbreviations and punctuation. The work influenced later medieval English liturgies, particularly in monastic use, though direct transmission lines remain unclear.","historical_context":"The *Veteres Litaniae Anglicanae* was compiled in Anglo-Saxon England, likely in a monastic scriptorium, during the 10th or 11th century. The litanies reflect the liturgical practices of the pre-Conquest English church, incorporating saints venerated locally, such as Cuthbert and Æthelthryth. The sole surviving manuscript shows signs of later additions and corrections, indicating continued use and adaptation. The text is written in Latin, the liturgical language of the Western Church, and includes Greek elements like 'Kyrie, eleison', showing early medieval Greek influence. The litanies were published by Jean Mabillon in his *Vetera Analecta* (1675–1685), a foundational collection for medieval liturgy. Their structure—divided into sections for angels, apostles, and martyrs—is typical of early medieval litanies. The work's transmission is limited; no other complete witness survives, and the edition relies on a single transcription, which may contain scribal errors.","significance":"The *Veteres Litaniae Anglicanae* is a rare witness to pre-Conquest English liturgy, preserving local saint veneration and liturgical structure. It influenced later medieval English service books, especially in monastic contexts, and its publication by Mabillon helped shape early modern study of medieval liturgy. The work illustrates the continuity and adaptation of liturgical forms across the Norman Conquest.","timeline":[{"date":"10th–11th c.","event":"Compilation of the litanies in Anglo-Saxon England, likely in a monastic scriptorium."},{"date":"1066","event":"Norman Conquest of England; the litanies reflect pre-Conquest liturgical practices."},{"date":"1675–1685","event":"Publication of the litanies by Jean Mabillon in *Vetera Analecta*."},{"date":"19th–20th c.","event":"Modern scholarly editions and studies of the litanies, including the Ogl PL transcription."}],"relations":[{"work":"Vetera Analecta","relation":"Published in this collection by Jean Mabillon","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Anglo-Saxon litanies","relation":"Part of the broader tradition of pre-Conquest English liturgical texts","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Kyrie eleison","relation":"Includes the Greek invocation, reflecting early medieval liturgical practice","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[],"cautions":["The exact date of compilation is uncertain; paleographic and liturgical evidence suggests the 10th–11th century but cannot be more precise.","The sole surviving manuscript shows later additions and corrections, making it difficult to distinguish original layers from scribal interventions.","The edition relies on the Ogl PL transcription, which may contain errors in abbreviations and punctuation; users should consult the original manuscript for diplomatic details.","No other complete witness survives, so the text's representativeness of broader Anglo-Saxon liturgical practice is uncertain."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000427,"generated":"2026-11-15T06:09:50Z"},"links":[{"kind":"source","label":"Open Greek and Latin Patrologia Latina","url":"https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/patrologia_latina-dev/blob/master/data/tmp1233/tmp1233/tmp1233.tmp1233.opp-lat1.xml"}],"checks":{"work":"tmp1233.tmp1233.opp-lat1","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":8,"translated":8,"commentary_passages":8,"commentary_units":47,"english_words":1184,"source_letters":4788,"commentary_kinds":7},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The work is a collection of Latin litanies from pre-Conquest England, preserved in a single manuscript source. Its anonymous compilation reflects local liturgical practice rather than a single authorial voice.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Dating rests on paleographic and liturgical evidence, likely 10th–11th century. The litanies include saints venerated in Anglo-Saxon England, suggesting composition before the Norman Conquest.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The sole surviving manuscript shows signs of later additions and corrections. The edition cannot fully distinguish original layers from later scribal interventions without a full collation of related liturgical sources.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"These litanies influenced later medieval English liturgies, particularly in monastic use. Their structure and saintly invocations were adapted in post-Conquest service books, though direct lines of transmission remain unclear.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"This edition does not provide a critical apparatus for variant readings across other manuscripts, as no other complete witness survives. The text is presented as found in the base manuscript, with minimal emendation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The edition relies on the Ogl PL transcription, which may contain errors in the rendering of abbreviations and punctuation. Users should consult the original manuscript for diplomatic details.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: other in Latin; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 8 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: ogl-pl — Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":8},"term_index":[],"citations":{},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"VETERES LITANIÆ ANGLICANÆ A MILLE ANNIS EDITAE.\n\n(Mabill. Yet. analect.)\n\nKyrie, eleison.\n\nChriste, cleison.\n\nChriste, audi nos.\n\nChriste, audi nos.\n\nChriste, audi nos.\n\nSancta Maria, ora pro nobis.\n\nSaucta Maria, Ora.\n\nSancta Maria,. Ora.\n\nDe angelis.\n\nSancte Michael, ora pro nobis.\n\nSancte Gabriel, Ora.\n\nSancte Raphael, Ora.\n\nOmnes sancti augeli, orate pro nobis.\n\nOmnes sancti archangeli Orate.\n\nOmnes sancti chori novem ordinum coelestium, Orate.\n\nDe apostolis.\n\nSaucte Petre, ora pro uobis.\n\nS. Paule. On.\n\nS. Andrea, Ora.\n\nS. Jacobe, Ora.\n\nS. Joannes, Ora.\n\nS. Thoma, Ora.\n\nS. Jacobe, Ora.\n\nS. Philippe, Ora.\n\nS. Bartholomæu, Ora.\n\nS. Matthæu, 0a.\n\nS. Juda, Ora.\n\nS. Barnaba, Ora.\n\nS. Mathia, Ora.\n\nOmnes sancti chori apostolorum, orate pro nobis.\n\nDe martyribus.\n\nSancte Stephane (bis), ora pro nobis.\n\nS. Luca, Ora.\n\nS. Marce, Ora.","english":"Old English Litanies Published a Thousand Years Ago.\n\n(Mabillon, *Vetera Analecta*)\n\nLord, have mercy.\n\nChrist, have mercy.\n\nChrist, hear us.\n\nChrist, hear us.\n\nChrist, hear us.\n\nHoly Mary, pray for us.\n\nHoly Mary, pray.\n\nHoly Mary, pray.\n\nConcerning the angels.\n\nSaint Michael, pray for us.\n\nSaint Gabriel, pray.\n\nSaint Raphael, pray.\n\nAll holy angels, pray for us.\n\nAll holy archangels, pray.\n\nAll holy choirs of the nine celestial orders, pray.\n\nConcerning the apostles.\n\nSaint Peter, pray for us.\n\nSaint Paul, pray.\n\nSaint Andrew, pray.\n\nSaint James, pray.\n\nSaint John, pray.\n\nSaint Thomas, pray.\n\nSaint James, pray.\n\nSaint Philip, pray.\n\nSaint Bartholomew, pray.\n\nSaint Matthew, pray.\n\nSaint Jude, pray.\n\nSaint Barnabas, pray.\n\nSaint Matthias, pray.\n\nAll holy choirs of the apostles, pray for us.\n\nConcerning the martyrs.\n\nSaint Stephen (twice), pray for us.\n\nSaint Luke, pray.\n\nSaint Mark, pray.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"Veteres Litaniae Anglicanae","severity":"info","text":"The title refers to a collection of Latin litanies from Anglo-Saxon England, published by Jean Mabillon in his *Vetera Analecta* (1675–1685). The phrase 'A Mille Annis Editae' claims the litanies were composed a thousand years before Mabillon's edition.","cites":[],"named_sources":["Mabillon 1675"],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Kyrie, eleison","severity":"info","text":"The Greek invocation 'Kyrie, eleison' (Lord, have mercy) is a standard element of Latin litanies, retained from the Greek liturgical tradition. Its presence here reflects the early medieval practice of incorporating Greek phrases into Western worship.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"De angelis","severity":"info","text":"The headings 'De angelis', 'De apostolis', and 'De martyribus' divide the litany into sections corresponding to celestial hierarchies: angels, apostles, and martyrs. This tripartite structure is typical of early medieval litanies, organizing intercessory prayers by rank.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Saucte Petre, ora pro uobis","severity":"caution","text":"The Latin text contains several scribal errors: 'Saucte' for 'Sancte', 'uobis' for 'nobis', and 'S. Paule. On.' likely a corruption of 'Ora'. These suggest a careless copyist or a transcription from a damaged exemplar.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"Mabill. Yet. analect.","severity":"info","text":"The source note 'Mabill. Yet. analect.' refers to Jean Mabillon's *Vetera Analecta*, a foundational collection of medieval texts. Mabillon's work was crucial for the study of early medieval liturgy, though his editions sometimes introduced errors.","cites":[],"named_sources":["Mabillon 1675"],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"Sancte Stephane (bis)","severity":"info","text":"The notation '(bis)' after Saint Stephen indicates that his name was to be repeated twice, a common rubric in litanies to emphasize a particular saint. This practice is also found in other early medieval litanies, such as the *Litaniae maiores*.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The exact date of composition is uncertain; 'A Mille Annis' is a claim by Mabillon, not a precise dating. The list of saints includes Luke and Mark among martyrs, which is unusual and may reflect a local tradition or scribal error."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"S. Barnaba, Ora.\n\nS. Timothæu. Ora.\n\nS. Tite, Ora.\n\nS. Philimon, Ora.\n\nS. Clemens, Ora.\n\nS. Syxte, Ora.\n\nS. Felix, Ora.\n\nS. Laurenti, Ora.\n\nS. Corneli, Ora.\n\nS. Cypriane, Ora.\n\nS. Sebastiane. Ora.\n\nS. Gervasi, Ora.\n\nS. Protasi, Ora.\n\nS. Vincenti, Ora.\n\nS. Georgi, Ora.\n\nS. Dionysi, Ora.\n\nS. Maurici, Ora.\n\nS. Victor, \\ Ora.,\n\nS. Joannes, Ora.\n\nS. Paule, Ora.\n\nS. Donatiane, Ora.\n\nS. Rogatiane, Ora.\n\nS. Agustine, Ora.\n\nS. Cosma, jra.\n\nS. Damiane, Ora.\n\nS. Romane, Ora.\n\nS. Cæsari. Ora.\n\nS. Marcelline, Ora.\n\nS. Pancrate, Ora.\n\nS. Nazari, Ora.\n\nS. Benigne, Ora.\n\nS. Symi horiane, Ora.\n\nS. Hermes, Ora.\n\nS. Felicissime, Ora.\n\nS. Abdo, Ora.\n\nS. Senes, Ora.\n\nS. Tiburti, Ora.\n\nS. Beate, Ora.\n\nS. Candide, Ora.\n\nS. Bonifaci, Ora.\n\nS. Nicomedis, Ora.\n\nS. Menna, Ora.\n\nS. Magne, Ora.\n\nS. Ruphine, Ora.\n\nS. Nabori, Ora.\n\nS. Jnvenalis, Ora.\n\nS. Beatrix, Ora","english":"S. Barnabas, pray.\n\nS. Timothy, pray.\n\nS. Titus, pray.\n\nS. Philemon, pray.\n\nS. Clement, pray.\n\nS. Sixtus, pray.\n\nS. Felix, pray.\n\nS. Lawrence, pray.\n\nS. Cornelius, pray.\n\nS. Cyprian, pray.\n\nS. Sebastian, pray.\n\nS. Gervasius, pray.\n\nS. Protasius, pray.\n\nS. Vincent, pray.\n\nS. George, pray.\n\nS. Dionysius, pray.\n\nS. Maurice, pray.\n\nS. Victor, pray.\n\nS. John, pray.\n\nS. Paul, pray.\n\nS. Donatian, pray.\n\nS. Rogatian, pray.\n\nS. Augustine, pray.\n\nS. Cosmas, pray.\n\nS. Damian, pray.\n\nS. Romanus, pray.\n\nS. Caesarius, pray.\n\nS. Marcellinus, pray.\n\nS. Pancratius, pray.\n\nS. Nazarius, pray.\n\nS. Benignus, pray.\n\nS. Symphorianus, pray.\n\nS. Hermes, pray.\n\nS. Felicissimus, pray.\n\nS. Abdo, pray.\n\nS. Sennes, pray.\n\nS. Tiburtius, pray.\n\nS. Beatus, pray.\n\nS. Candidus, pray.\n\nS. Boniface, pray.\n\nS. Nicomedes, pray.\n\nS. Menas, pray.\n\nS. Magnus, pray.\n\nS. Rufina, pray.\n\nS. Nabor, pray.\n\nS. Juvenalis, pray.\n\nS. Beatrix, pray.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage continues the litany's invocation of saints, each name followed by 'Ora' (pray). The list is a sequence of male and female martyrs, confessors, and bishops, typical of early medieval litanies.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"S. Barnaba","severity":"info","text":"The form 'Barnaba' is the Latin vocative of Barnabas, the apostle. The spelling reflects late Latin or medieval orthography, where the Greek ending -ας becomes -a.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"S. Timothæu","severity":"info","text":"'Timothæu' is a Latinized vocative of Timothy, with the diphthong 'æ' representing the Greek αι. This spelling is common in medieval Latin manuscripts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"S. Syxte","severity":"info","text":"'Syxte' is a variant spelling of Sixtus (Xystus in Greek). The 'x' and 'y' reflect Greek influence; the form appears in early Christian inscriptions and martyrologies.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"S. Symi horiane","severity":"info","text":"'Symi horiane' is a corruption of Symphorianus, a martyr of Autun. The manuscript likely misdivided the name; the correct form is 'Symphoriane' (vocative).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"S. Cosma, jra","severity":"info","text":"'jra' is an abbreviation for 'Ora' (pray), using a scribal contraction. The 'j' may represent a suspension mark; the full form is 'Ora'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The list includes several saints with common names (e.g., John, Paul, Augustine) whose specific identity is uncertain without further context. The spelling 'Symi horiane' is ambiguous and likely a scribal error for Symphorianus."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"S. lacincte, Ora.\n\nS. Martiniane, Ora.\n\nS. Dremore, ' Ora.\n\nOmnes sancti Chori martyrum,\n\norate pro nobis.\n\nDe confessoribus.\n\nSancte Leo, ora pro nobis.\n\nS. Silvester, Ora.\n\n. Donate, Ora.\n\nS. Gregori, Ora.\n\nS. Augustin, Ora.\n\nS. Hieronyme, Ora.\n\nS. Benedicte (bis), Ora.\n\nS. Hilari, Ora.\n\nS. Martine, Ora.\n\ng. Samson, Ora.\n\nS. Brioce, Ora.\n\nS. Melore, Ora.\n\nS. Branwalatre, Ora.\n\nS. Patrici, Ora.\n\nS. Brindane, Ora.\n\nS. Carnache, Ora.\n\nS. Gilda, Ora.\n\nS. Paterne, Ora.\n\nS. Pettane, Ora.\n\nS. Guinwaloee, Ora.\n\nS. Courentine, Ora.\n\nS. Citawe, Ora.\n\nS. Guoidiane, Ora.\n\nS. Munna, Ora.\n\nS. Serwane, Ora.\n\nS. Serecine, Ora.\n\nS. Guiniave, Ora.\n\nS. Tuiwale, Ora.\n\nS. Germane, Ora\n\nS. Columcille, Ora*\n\nS. Paule, Ora\n\nS. Judicaile, Ora.\n\nS. Mevinne, Ora\n\nS. Guoidwale, Ora.\n\nS. Dircille, Ora\n\nS. Bachla, Ora.\n\nS. Rawele, Ora\n\nS. Racate, Ora.\n\nS. Loutierne, Ora","english":"S. Hyacinth, pray.\n\nS. Martinian, pray.\n\nS. Dremore, pray.\n\nAll holy martyrs of the choir of martyrs, pray for us.\n\nConcerning the confessors.\n\nS. Leo, pray for us.\n\nS. Silvester, pray.\n\nS. Donatus, pray.\n\nS. Gregory, pray.\n\nS. Augustine, pray.\n\nS. Jerome, pray.\n\nS. Benedict (twice), pray.\n\nS. Hilary, pray.\n\nS. Martin, pray.\n\nS. Samson, pray.\n\nS. Brioc, pray.\n\nS. Melor, pray.\n\nS. Branwalator, pray.\n\nS. Patrick, pray.\n\nS. Brendan, pray.\n\nS. Carnach, pray.\n\nS. Gildas, pray.\n\nS. Patern, pray.\n\nS. Petran, pray.\n\nS. Winwaloe, pray.\n\nS. Corentin, pray.\n\nS. Citawe, pray.\n\nS. Guoidian, pray.\n\nS. Munn, pray.\n\nS. Serwan, pray.\n\nS. Serecin, pray.\n\nS. Guiniar, pray.\n\nS. Tuiwal, pray.\n\nS. German, pray.\n\nS. Columba, pray.\n\nS. Paul, pray.\n\nS. Judicael, pray.\n\nS. Meven, pray.\n\nS. Guoidwal, pray.\n\nS. Dircill, pray.\n\nS. Bachla, pray.\n\nS. Rawel, pray.\n\nS. Racat, pray.\n\nS. Loutiern, pray.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"De confessoribus","severity":"info","text":"This heading marks a transition from the invocation of martyrs to a new section for confessors, a standard liturgical division in litanies.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"S. lacincte","severity":"info","text":"The Latin 'lacincte' is a variant spelling of Hyacinthus, a martyr saint; the English draft renders it as 'Hyacinth'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"S. Dremore","severity":"caution","text":"The name 'Dremore' is obscure and may be a corruption or local saint; the English draft retains it without identification.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"S. Benedicte (bis)","severity":"info","text":"The notation '(bis)' indicates that the name Benedict is to be invoked twice, a rubric directing repetition in the litany.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"S. Columcille","severity":"info","text":"The name 'Columcille' is an Irish form of Columba of Iona, reflecting the Hiberno-Latin tradition of the litany's source.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"S. Guoidiane","severity":"caution","text":"Several names in this list (e.g., Guoidiane, Guoidwale) are of uncertain identification, possibly local or corrupted forms of known saints.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of several saints (e.g., Dremore, Guoidiane, Guoidwale) is uncertain; they may be local or corrupted names.","The repetition of 'S. Benedicte (bis)' may indicate a rubric for double invocation, but the exact liturgical context is unclear."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"S. Riacate, Ora.\n\nS. Toninnane, Ora.\n\nOmnes sancti chori confessorum, orate pro nobis.\n\nDe virginibus.\n\nSancta Maria (ter), ora pro nobis.\n\no. Felicitas, Ora.\n\nrerpelna, Ora.\n\nS. Agatha, Ora.\n\nS. Cecilia, Ora.\n\nS. Agnes, Ora.\n\nS. nastasia, Ora.\n\nS. Petronilla, Ora.\n\nS. 'Eufemia, Ora.\n\nS. Savina, Ora.\n\nS, Scholastica, Ora.\n\nS. Eugenia, Ora.\n\nS. Susssanna, Ora.\n\nS. Appra. Ora.\n\nS. Columba, Ora.\n\nS. Tecla, Ora.\n\nS. Ninoca,Ora.\n\nS. Ticiawa, Ora.\n\nS. Genufefa, Ora.\n\nS. Justina, Ora.\n\nS. Cristina, Ora.\n\nS. Crispina, Ora.\n\nS. Crispiniana, Ora.\n\nS. Corona, Ora.\n\nS. Benedicta, Ora.\n\nSenentina, Ora.\n\nS. Margareta, Ora.\n\nS. Blandina, Ora.\n\nS. Martha, Ora.\n\nS. Menna, Ora.\n\nS. Mathitia, Ora.\n\nS.Perpetua, Ora.\n\nS. Concordia, Ora.\n\nS. Julitta, ora\n\nS. Sinclita, Ora.\n\nS. Soffonia, ora.\n\nS. Crescentia, Ora.\n\nS. Donata, Ora.\n\nS. Juliana, Ora.\n\nS. Portuna, ora.","english":"S. Riacate, pray.\n\nS. Toninnane, pray.\n\nAll holy confessors of the choir of confessors, pray for us.\n\nConcerning the virgins.\n\nSancta Maria (three times), pray for us.\n\nS. Felicitas, pray.\n\nS. Perpetua, pray.\n\nS. Agatha, pray.\n\nS. Cecilia, pray.\n\nS. Agnes, pray.\n\nS. Anastasia, pray.\n\nS. Petronilla, pray.\n\nS. Euphemia, pray.\n\nS. Sabina, pray.\n\nS. Scholastica, pray.\n\nS. Eugenia, pray.\n\nS. Susanna, pray.\n\nS. Afra, pray.\n\nS. Columba, pray.\n\nS. Thecla, pray.\n\nS. Winifred, pray.\n\nS. Ticiawa, pray.\n\nS. Genovefa, pray.\n\nS. Justina, pray.\n\nS. Christina, pray.\n\nS. Crispina, pray.\n\nS. Crispiniana, pray.\n\nS. Corona, pray.\n\nS. Benedicta, pray.\n\nS. Senentina, pray.\n\nS. Margareta, pray.\n\nS. Blandina, pray.\n\nS. Martha, pray.\n\nS. Menna, pray.\n\nS. Mathitia, pray.\n\nS. Perpetua, pray.\n\nS. Concordia, pray.\n\nS. Julitta, pray.\n\nS. Syncletica, pray.\n\nS. Soffonia, pray.\n\nS. Crescentia, pray.\n\nS. Donata, pray.\n\nS. Juliana, pray.\n\nS. Portuna, pray.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"De virginibus","severity":"info","text":"The rubric 'De virginibus' marks a new section for virgin saints, parallel to the earlier 'De confessoribus' and 'De martyribus' headings, structuring the litany by saintly category.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Sancta Maria (ter)","severity":"info","text":"The instruction 'ter' (three times) indicates a triple invocation of the Virgin Mary, a common liturgical practice in litanies to emphasize her primacy among virgins.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"S. Riacate","severity":"info","text":"The name 'Riacate' is obscure and may be a corruption or local variant; it does not correspond to a well-known saint, suggesting a regional or insular origin for this litany.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"S. Ninoca","severity":"info","text":"The English draft identifies 'S. Ninoca' as 'S. Winifred', a Welsh saint (Gwenfrewi), indicating a later editorial attempt to anglicize or standardize the name, though the Latin form is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"rerpelna","severity":"caution","text":"The Latin 'rerpelna' is a scribal error or corruption; the English draft emends to 'Perpetua', but the manuscript reading is unclear and may represent a different saint or a misspelling.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"S. Perpetua","severity":"info","text":"The appearance of 'S. Perpetua' later in the list (after 'S. Mathitia') suggests a duplication or a different saint of the same name, as the earlier 'rerpelna' is also emended to Perpetua.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The names 'Riacate', 'Toninnane', 'Ticiawa', 'Senentina', 'Soffonia', and 'Portuna' are obscure or corrupt; their identification with known saints is uncertain. The reading 'rerpelna' is a clear scribal error, possibly for 'Perpetua' but not certain."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":5,"ref":"p5","source":"S. Victoria, ora.\n\nS. Tarsilla, Ora.\n\nS. Emiliana, Ora.\n\nS. Trifina, ora.\n\nS. Brigida, Ora.\n\nOmnes sancti chori virginum, orate pro nobis.\n\nOmnes sancti, intercedite pro nobis.\n\nOmnes sancti angeli, lotercedite.\n\nOmnes sancti archangeli, Intercedite. •\n\nOmnes sanctæ virtutes, Intrcedite.\n\nOmnes sancræ potestates, Intercedite.,\n\nOmnes sancti principalus, Intercedite.\n\nOmnes sanctæ. dominationes, Intercedite.\n\nOmnes sancti throni. Intercdite.\n\nOmnes sancti cherubim, Intercedite.\n\nOmnes sancti scraphim, Intercedite.\n\nOmnes sancti patriarchae.Inter cedite.\n\nOmnes sancti prophetæ, Intercedite.\n\nOmnes sancti apostoli, Intercedite.\n\nOmnes sancti martyres, Intercedite.\n\nOmnes sancti confossores, Intercedite.\n\nOmnes sanctae virgines. Intercedite.\n\nOmnes sancti, Intercedite.\n\nUt per vestras orationes adipiscamur sine fine regnum cælorum Domino volente, per omnia sæcula saeculorum.","english":"S. Victoria, pray.\n\nS. Tarsilla, pray.\n\nS. Emiliana, pray.\n\nS. Trifina, pray.\n\nS. Brigida, pray.\n\nAll holy virgins of the choir of virgins, pray for us.\n\nAll holy ones, intercede for us.\n\nAll holy angels, intercede.\n\nAll holy archangels, intercede.\n\nAll holy virtues, intercede.\n\nAll holy powers, intercede.\n\nAll holy principalities, intercede.\n\nAll holy dominations, intercede.\n\nAll holy thrones, intercede.\n\nAll holy cherubim, intercede.\n\nAll holy seraphim, intercede.\n\nAll holy patriarchs, intercede.\n\nAll holy prophets, intercede.\n\nAll holy apostles, intercede.\n\nAll holy martyrs, intercede.\n\nAll holy confessors, intercede.\n\nAll holy virgins, intercede.\n\nAll holy ones, intercede.\n\nThat through your prayers we may obtain without end the kingdom of heaven, the Lord willing, for ever and ever.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from individual invocations of virgin saints to collective invocations of angelic and saintly choirs, culminating in a petition for eternal reward.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"lotercedite","severity":"caution","text":"The Latin 'lotercedite' is a scribal error for 'intercedite' (intercede), as seen in the surrounding correct forms.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"scraphim","severity":"caution","text":"The Latin 'scraphim' is a misspelling of 'seraphim', likely a scribal error for the angelic order.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The list of angelic choirs (angels, archangels, virtues, powers, etc.) follows the Pseudo-Dionysian hierarchy, standard in medieval Latin litanies.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The concluding petition 'Ut per vestras orationes adipiscamur sine fine regnum cælorum' echoes the closing of the Litany of the Saints in the Roman Rite, reflecting liturgical continuity.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"confossores","severity":"caution","text":"The Latin 'confossores' is a misspelling of 'confessores' (confessors), a standard category of saints in litanies.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The text contains several scribal errors (e.g., 'lotercedite', 'scraphim', 'confossores') that obscure the intended readings, but the context makes the corrections clear."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":6,"ref":"p6","source":"Propitius esto, parce nobis, Domine.\n\nPropitius esto, libera nos, nomine.\n\nAb omni malo, Libera.\n\nAb omni immundia cordis et corporis, libera nos, Domine.\n\nA morbo malo, Libera.\n\nAb hoste malo, Libera.\n\nAb insidiis diaboli, Libera.\n\nA persecutione inimici, Liber.\n\nA periculo mortis, Libera.\n\nA ventura ira, Libera.\n\nPer adventum tuum. Libera.\n\nPer nativitatem tuam, Liber?!\n\nPer baptismum tuum, Libera.\n\nPer passionem tuam, Libera.\n\nPer crucem tuam, Libera.\n\nPer resurrectionem tuam. Libera.\n\nPer ascensionem tuam, Libera.\n\nPer descensionem Spiritus sancti, Libera.\n\nPeccatores, te rogamus, sedi nos (ter).\n\nUt pacem nobis dones. Te.\n\nUt vitam atque sanitatem nobis dones, Te.\n\nUt nobis in bonis operibus perseverantiam dones, Te.\n\nUt nos in vera fide # religione conservare digneris, Te.\n\nUt ecclesiam catholicam conservare digneris. Te.\n\nUt regem et episcopum nostrum conservare digneris, Te.","english":"Be gracious, spare us, O Lord.\n\nBe gracious, deliver us, O Lord.\n\nFrom every evil, deliver us.\n\nFrom every impurity of heart and body, deliver us, O Lord.\n\nFrom a grievous disease, deliver us.\n\nFrom a hostile enemy, deliver us.\n\nFrom the snares of the devil, deliver us.\n\nFrom the persecution of an enemy, deliver us.\n\nFrom the peril of death, deliver us.\n\nFrom impending wrath, deliver us.\n\nThrough your coming, deliver us.\n\nThrough your nativity, deliver us.\n\nThrough your baptism, deliver us.\n\nThrough your passion, deliver us.\n\nThrough your cross, deliver us.\n\nThrough your resurrection, deliver us.\n\nThrough your ascension, deliver us.\n\nThrough the descent of the Holy Spirit, deliver us.\n\nSinners, we beseech you, hear us (three times).\n\nThat you may grant us peace, we beseech you.\n\nThat you may grant us life and health, we beseech you.\n\nThat you may grant us perseverance in good works, we beseech you.\n\nThat you may deign to preserve us in true faith and religion, we beseech you.\n\nThat you may deign to preserve the Catholic Church, we beseech you.\n\nThat you may deign to preserve our king and bishop, we beseech you.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Propitius esto, parce nobis, Domine.","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from the preceding litany of saints to a series of deprecatory petitions (ab omni malo, etc.) and then to petitions per adventum tuum, etc., followed by a threefold invocation Peccatores, te rogamus, audi nos. This structural pattern is typical of the 'Kyrie eleison' litany form.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"nomine","severity":"caution","text":"The reading 'nomine' in the second line is likely a scribal error for 'Domine' (as in the first line), given the parallel structure. The English draft translates it as 'O Lord'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"Per descensionem Spiritus sancti","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'descensionem Spiritus sancti' echoes the Pentecost narrative (Acts 2:1-4), where the Holy Spirit descends upon the apostles. This is a standard element in litanies invoking Christ's mysteries.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Ut regem et episcopum nostrum conservare digneris","severity":"info","text":"The petition for king and bishop reflects the Anglo-Saxon context of the litany, likely composed during a period when both secular and ecclesiastical authorities were invoked for protection, possibly in the 10th or 11th century.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"Peccatores, te rogamus, audi nos (ter)","severity":"info","text":"The threefold repetition of 'Peccatores, te rogamus, audi nos' is a distinctive feature of the 'Kyrie eleison' litany, emphasizing humility and supplication. This form was widely used in medieval Latin liturgies.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"A ventura ira","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'ventura ira' (impending wrath) is ambiguous: it may refer to divine judgment or eschatological wrath. The English draft translates it as 'impending wrath', which is plausible but not certain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The reading 'nomine' in line 2 is likely a scribal error for 'Domine'.","The phrase 'ventura ira' could refer to divine judgment or eschatological wrath; the translation 'impending wrath' is adopted."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":7,"ref":"p7","source":"Ut vitam et sanitatem eis dones Te. Ut populo Christiano pacem et unitatem largiri digneris. fe.\n\nUt fr ucium terræ nobis dones Te.\n\nUt cæli serenitatem nobis dones, Te.\n\nUt pluviam oportunam nobis dones, Te.\n\nUt charitatem nobis dones, Te.\n\nUt nobis veram pænitentiam con. cedas agere, Te.\n\nUt clerum et plebem Anglorum conservare digneris, Te.\n\nUt universalem congregationem sanctorum conservare digneris, Te.\n\nUt eam in vera fide et religine conservare digneris, Te.\n\nUt nobis misereri digneris, Te.\n\nUt nos exaudire digneris, Te.\n\nFili Dei, Te.\n\nAgnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi, miserere\n\nAgnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi, parce nobis, Domine.\n\nAgnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi, dum nobis pacem.\n\nChriste, audi nos (ter).\n\nKyrie, ele|son (ter).\n\nChiriste eleisone (ter), Oremus, Paier noster.\n\nHæc oratio posl litaniam canitur.","english":"That you may grant them life and health. That you may deign to bestow peace and unity upon the Christian people. That you may grant us the fruit of the earth. That you may grant us fair weather. That you may grant us timely rain. That you may grant us charity. That you may grant us to perform true penance. That you may deign to preserve the clergy and people of the English. That you may deign to preserve the universal congregation of saints. That you may deign to preserve it in true faith and religion. That you may deign to have mercy on us. That you may deign to hear us. Son of God. Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the world, have mercy. Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the world, spare us, O Lord. Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the world, grant us peace. Christ, hear us (three times). Kyrie, eleison (three times). Christe eleison (three times). Let us pray, Our Father. This prayer is sung after the litany.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Ut ... Te","severity":"info","text":"The repeated 'Ut ... Te' clauses form a litany of petitions, each ending with 'Te' (you), addressing God directly. This structure is typical of medieval litanies.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Agnus Dei","severity":"info","text":"'Agnus Dei' (Lamb of God) is a liturgical invocation derived from John 1:29, referring to Christ as the sacrificial lamb who takes away the sins of the world.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi","severity":"info","text":"This phrase echoes John 1:29 ('Ecce Agnus Dei, qui tollit peccata mundi') and the liturgical Agnus Dei chant, emphasizing Christ's role as redeemer.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Kyrie, eleison","severity":"info","text":"'Kyrie, eleison' (Lord, have mercy) is a Greek acclamation used in Western and Eastern liturgies. Its triple repetition here reflects early medieval practice.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"Hæc oratio post litaniam canitur","severity":"info","text":"This rubric indicates the prayer (likely the Pater Noster) was sung after the litany, a common practice in Anglo-Saxon and later English liturgies.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Ut fr ucium terræ","severity":"caution","text":"The Latin 'fr ucium' is likely a scribal error or abbreviation for 'fructum' (fruit). The English draft reads 'fruit of the earth', which is the intended sense.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'Ut fr ucium terræ' is corrupt; 'fr ucium' probably stands for 'fructum' (fruit). The exact liturgical context of this litany (e.g., specific feast or occasion) is not specified."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":8,"ref":"p8","source":"Magnificis mirificisque orationibus atque meritis recensitorum patriarcharum, prophetarum atque apostolorum, plurimorumque martyrum, vel electorum, atque confessorum omnium, petimus et oramus, ut quemadmodum eorum nomina vel memoriam in hoc sæculo memorare et recitare frequentamus, ita atque ipsi pro nobis in regnis coelestibus affectuales ac privatas preces fundere dignentur, ut a Deo veniam et indulgentiam impetrare.itque obtinere, et eorum desiderandam et aspiciendam spectem et gloriam in regno Dei vdere, et congaudere mercamur, praestante Domino uostro Jesu Christo, cui est honor, et potestas, et imperium una cum Patre atque Spiritu sancto in saecula sæculorum. Amen.","english":"Through the magnificent and wondrous prayers and merits of the enumerated patriarchs, prophets, and apostles, and of very many martyrs, or elect, and of all confessors, we ask and pray that, just as we frequently recall and recite their names and memory in this age, so too may they themselves deign to pour forth effectual and private prayers for us in the heavenly realms, so that they may obtain and secure pardon and indulgence from God, and that we may merit to see and rejoice together in their longed-for and beheld form and glory in the kingdom of God, by the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom is honor, and power, and dominion, together with the Father and the Holy Spirit, for ever and ever. Amen.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"affectuales ac privatas preces","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'affectuales ac privatas preces' is unusual; 'affectuales' may mean 'earnest' or 'heartfelt,' while 'privatas' likely indicates 'personal' or 'individual' prayers, contrasting with public liturgy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Magnificis mirificisque orationibus atque meritis","severity":"info","text":"This opening ablative absolute construction establishes the means by which the petition is made, linking the saints' merits to the community's prayer.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"in saecula sæculorum","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'in saecula sæculorum' echoes biblical doxologies, e.g., Psalm 84:1 (Vulgate) and Galatians 1:5, emphasizing eternal duration.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"recensitorum patriarcharum, prophetarum atque apostolorum","severity":"info","text":"The list of patriarchs, prophets, and apostles reflects the traditional intercessory hierarchy in early medieval litanies, common in Anglo-Saxon prayer books.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"Veteres Litaniae Anglicanae","severity":"info","text":"This litany, preserved in a later manuscript, shows continuity of intercessory prayer forms from early English Christianity into the medieval period.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'vel electorum' is ambiguous: it may mean 'or the elect' as a distinct category of saints, or it could be a textual corruption for 'vel aliorum electorum' (or other chosen ones). The reading taken treats it as a separate group of saints."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}