{"slug":"tmp1222.tmp1222.opp-lat1","id":"latin:ogl-pl:tmp1222.tmp1222.opp-lat1","title":"Privilegium Monasterii Sancti Germani","title_source":"Privilegium Monasterii Sancti Germani","author":"Germanus Parisiensis Episcopus","genre":"other","date":"","tradition":"latin","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T06:08:18Z","cost_usd":0.002751},"source":{"registry_id":"latin:ogl-pl:tmp1222.tmp1222.opp-lat1","work_id":"tmp1222.tmp1222.opp-lat1","edition":"ogl-pl","language":"","license":"Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License","url":"https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/patrologia_latina-dev/blob/master/data/tmp1222/tmp1222/tmp1222.tmp1222.opp-lat1.xml"},"stats":{"passages":5,"english_words":1152,"coptic_letters":0,"source_letters":5027,"commentary_units":30,"commentary_kinds":7,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":9,"work_notes":4,"external_links":0,"timeline":5},"summary":{"work":"tmp1222.tmp1222.opp-lat1","abstract":"The Privilegium Monasterii Sancti Germani, attributed to Germanus of Paris (c. 496–576), is a legal grant issued during his episcopate (555–576) that confers privileges and immunities upon the monastery later known as Saint-Germain-des-Prés. Surviving only in later Carolingian copies, the text was invoked in medieval disputes over monastic exemption from episcopal authority. The document is transmitted through 18th-century scholarly editions, notably Brequigny's collection of Merovingian diplomas, and its precise original date remains uncertain.","historical_context":"The privilege is attributed to Germanus, bishop of Paris from 555 to 576, a period when Merovingian kings like Childebert I (d. 558) founded and patronized monastic houses. The monastery, originally a basilica built by Childebert, became a royal burial site and later the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés. The text survives only in Carolingian-era manuscripts, indicating it was copied and preserved in monastic scriptoria. Its citation in later immunity disputes shows its ongoing legal and political relevance. The edition relies on 18th-century printed collections, not a full collation of all known witnesses, so textual variants remain unrecorded.","significance":"This privilege is a key witness to early Merovingian monastic exemption and the intersection of episcopal and royal authority. It was later used to assert the independence of Saint-Germain-des-Prés from episcopal oversight, shaping medieval ecclesiastical law. Its transmission history illustrates how early medieval documents were preserved and repurposed in later centuries.","timeline":[{"date":"c. 496–576","event":"Life of Germanus of Paris"},{"date":"555–576","event":"Episcopate of Germanus; privilege likely issued"},{"date":"558","event":"Death of King Childebert I, founder of the monastery"},{"date":"8th–9th c.","event":"Earliest extant manuscript copies (Carolingian period)"},{"date":"18th c.","event":"Publication in Brequigny's collection of Merovingian diplomas"}],"relations":[{"work":"Privilegium Monasterii Sancti Germani","relation":"attributed to Germanus of Paris","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Childebert I","relation":"royal founder of the monastery","key":"wikipedia:Childebert I","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés","relation":"later beneficiary of the privilege","key":"wikipedia:Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Brequigny's collection of Merovingian diplomas","relation":"source edition","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[],"cautions":["The precise date of the privilege is uncertain; it is placed within Germanus's episcopate (555–576) but no contemporary witness survives.","The earliest extant copies are Carolingian, leaving open the possibility of later interpolations or alterations.","The edition does not collate all known manuscript witnesses, so variants that might affect reconstruction are not recorded."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000384,"generated":"2026-11-15T06:08:18Z"},"links":[{"kind":"source","label":"Open Greek and Latin Patrologia Latina","url":"https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/patrologia_latina-dev/blob/master/data/tmp1222/tmp1222/tmp1222.tmp1222.opp-lat1.xml"}],"checks":{"work":"tmp1222.tmp1222.opp-lat1","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":5,"translated":5,"commentary_passages":5,"commentary_units":30,"english_words":1152,"source_letters":5022,"commentary_kinds":7},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The privilege is attributed to Germanus of Paris (c. 496–576). Its precise date is uncertain, but it likely belongs to his episcopate (555–576).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The text survives only in later manuscript copies; no contemporary witness is known. The earliest extant copies date from the Carolingian period.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This privilege was cited in later medieval disputes over monastic immunity, especially at the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, to assert exemption from episcopal jurisdiction.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The edition does not collate all known manuscript witnesses; variants that might affect the reconstruction of the original privilege are not recorded here.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: other in Latin; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 5 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: ogl-pl — Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":5},"term_index":[],"citations":{},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"PRIVILEGIUM MONASTERII SANCTI GERMANI, PARISIENSIS EPISCOPI, SIVE CHARTA a QUA GERMANUS, PARISIENSIS EPISCOPUS, IMMUNITATES CONCEDIT PARISIENSI BASILICÆ SANCTÆ CRUCIS ET SANCTI VINCENTII.\n\n(Ex Brequigny opere coi Ululas: Diplomata, chartae, epistolae et alia monumenti ad res Franciscas pertinentia.)\n\nAug. 566.—Dominis viris apostolicis, sanctis et in Christo fratribus, omnibus episcopis Parisiace urbis cum gratia Dei futuris, et celesti visitatione ditatis, Germanus peccator. Omnibus non habetur incognitum, qualis ac quantus circa monasteria etecclesias, aut'erga Deum timentium virorum fuerit indite memoriegloriosissimus Childebertus rex, cujus summa benivolentia multis largita est copiosa beneficia, et immunitati noIre stabilitatem perpetuam. Scilicet cogitans quia, qui ista temporalia reservaret metenda, sibi multo majora a Deo illi attribuerentur, si ob ejus... (Sic apud Bulliardum) ecclesias et templa fundaret, et egentium inopiam sustentaret, et pro magnis parva offerret, atque pro terrenis celestia adipisceretur. Unde et nobis ob sepulturæ suae meritum aliqua a se considerare mandavit et considerata cessit.","english":"Privilege of the Monastery of Saint Germanus, Bishop of Paris, or a Charter by which Germanus, Bishop of Paris, Grants Immunities to the Parisian Basilica of the Holy Cross and of Saint Vincent.\n\n(From the work of Brequigny, *Diplomata, chartae, epistolae et alia monumenta ad res Francicas pertinentia*.)\n\nAugust 566.—To the lord apostolic men, holy and in Christ brothers, all future bishops of the city of Paris, enriched by celestial visitation, Germanus, a sinner. It is not unknown to all what kind and how great was the most glorious King Childebert, of blessed memory, concerning monasteries and churches, and toward God-fearing men; his supreme benevolence bestowed abundant benefits upon many, and perpetual stability to our immunity. For he considered that, if he were to reserve these temporal things for reaping, far greater things would be granted to him by God, if for his sake... (Thus in Bulliard) he were to found churches and temples, and sustain the neediness of the poor, and offer small things for great, and obtain celestial things for earthly ones. Whence also to us, for the merit of his burial, he commanded that some things be considered by him, and, having been considered, he ceded them.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"PRIVILEGIUM ... SIVE CHARTA","severity":"info","text":"The title presents the document as both a 'privilegium' and a 'charta', signaling its dual nature as a legal grant and a formal instrument.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"Aug. 566","severity":"info","text":"The date 'Aug. 566' places the document in the reign of King Childebert I (511–558), but the year 566 is after his death; this may be a scribal error or a later confirmation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"immunitati","severity":"info","text":"'Immunitati' (dative of 'immunitas') refers to the legal exemption from public burdens or episcopal interference, a key concept in early medieval monastic privileges.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Childebertus rex","severity":"info","text":"King Childebert I was a Merovingian ruler of Paris; his patronage of the monastery aligns with the tradition of royal foundation for burial and spiritual benefit.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Sic apud Bulliardum","severity":"caution","text":"The note '(Sic apud Bulliardum)' indicates a textual crux: the passage is quoted from Bulliard's edition, and the Latin may be corrupt or incomplete at 'ob ejus...'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"Ex Brequigny opere","severity":"info","text":"The source note cites Brequigny's collection of Merovingian diplomas, indicating the document's transmission through 18th-century scholarly editions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The date 'Aug. 566' conflicts with King Childebert's death in 558; the document may be a later forgery or a confirmation of earlier grants.","The phrase 'ob ejus...' is incomplete in the Latin, leaving the object of the king's consideration unclear."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"Itaque inclitus iste princeps Parisius basilicam in honore sanctae crucis et domni Vincentii, vel reliquorum sanctorum in unum membrum construxit, et sibi sepulturam inibi colloeavit, ac largitatis suae copiam per testamenti sui paginam nobis habere decrevit, et habendi meritum loco tanti ordinis constituit. Sed dum pagina testamenti sui et cordis tides sub humana fragilitate temporaliter vigeret, agente in quorumdam calliditate, ne aeterna illi tribueretur beatitudo, ac scriptum non sortiretur effectum, simulque abbas et congregatio deputata non perciperent, ac sterilitate victus et vestitus deperirent, monuit me illius recordatio, et ob amorem illius terruit me tanta sccuritas simulque pietatis et caritatis affectus; ille etenim post Deum, dum superesset, fuit nostra immunitas et securitas, pax et recuperatio ac sequestratio omnis a civi!! negotio. Nos vero in hac re pietati i!lius consulentes, et caeterorum Regum velle stabiliri conantes, caritatem fraternae dilectionis vestrae nobiscum volumus concordari; quatinus illius sancti loci honor celeberrimus et memoria jam dicti principis gloriosi eniteat eodem in loco omnibus ejus aeri temporibus, habeatque abbatem ex propria congregatione ipsa ecclesia, qui sub gubernatione regum, per successiones eumdem locum provideat; sitque alienus pontifex omnis Parisiorum ab eodem loco, ut non deinceps aliquam potestatem in omnibus ad ip.","english":"Therefore, this illustrious prince built in Paris a basilica in honor of the Holy Cross and of the Lord Vincent, and of the other saints, as a single structure, and arranged his own burial there, and decreed by the page of his will that we should have the abundance of his generosity, and established the merit of having it in a place of such order. But while the page of his will and the faith of his heart flourished temporarily under human frailty, with the cunning of certain persons acting so that eternal blessedness would not be granted to him, and the written document would not take effect, and at the same time the abbot and the appointed congregation would not receive it, and would perish from lack of food and clothing, the memory of him admonished me, and for love of him such security terrified me, together with the affection of piety and charity; for he, after God, while he survived, was our immunity and security, peace and recovery, and separation from all civic business. We, however, consulting his piety in this matter, and striving to establish the will of the other kings, wish the charity of your fraternal love to be in agreement with us; so that the most celebrated honor of that holy place and the memory of the said glorious prince may shine in that same place for all times, and that church may have an abbot from its own congregation, who under the governance of the kings, through successions, may provide for that same place; and let every bishop of Paris be alien to that place, so that henceforth he may have no power in all things pertaining to it.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"inclitus iste princeps","severity":"info","text":"Refers to King Childebert I, who founded the basilica. The phrase underscores the king's role as the initial benefactor.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"testamenti sui paginam","severity":"info","text":"The 'page of his will' denotes a written testament. The term emphasizes the legal document's fragility against human cunning.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"sterilitate victus et vestitus","severity":"info","text":"The threat of starvation and lack of clothing reflects the monastery's dependence on royal endowment, a common concern in early medieval immunities.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"monuit me illius recordatio","severity":"info","text":"This clause marks a shift from narrative to Bishop Germanus's personal motivation, linking the king's memory to the grant of immunity.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"sitque alienus pontifex omnis Parisiorum","severity":"info","text":"This exclusion of the bishop of Paris from authority over the monastery is a key immunity clause, later cited in medieval ecclesiastical disputes.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"a civi!! negotio","severity":"caution","text":"The double exclamation mark in the Latin suggests a textual corruption or scribal emphasis; likely 'civili negotio' (civic business).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'inclitus iste princeps' is not explicitly named in the passage but is King Childebert I from context.","The phrase 'a civi!! negotio' is corrupt; the intended reading is probably 'civili negotio'."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"sum locum pertinentibus habeat; simulque sancimus ut nullus metropolitanus, aut aliquis suffraganeus ejus, causa alicujus ordinationis illuc ingredi prEsumat, nisi solummdo ab abbbale ejusdem loci vocatus venerit ad sanctitatis misterium celebrandum, aut ad ecclesias consecrandas, aut ad benedictiones clericorum vel monachorum instituendas; quod debitum renuere nullatenus debet. Cæterum quicquid a die praesenti, tam a tempore meo, quam et successorum meorum omnium in sede Parisiorum residentium episcoporum, vel a Deum timentibus principibus ejusdem plebis, in fiscis, viJlis, agris, in auro vel argento fuerit delegatum vel donatum, ut ad integrum habeat volo, rogo, conjuro. Decrevi etiam j per hanc cartulam immunitatis et cessionis, meam basilicam superius memoratam sine gestorum obligatione manere. Et quia id antea consuetudo non fuit, et modo a regtbos et principibus mihi est concessum, voluntatem pietatis vestræ in hoc scripto pretermittere nolui, sed in omnibus per vos roborari, et confirmari exposco, ut deinceps ratum permaneat. Et si quis unquam fuerit, qui contra hanc deliberationem meam, quam ego pro firmitatis studio cum metropolitani et reliquorum episcoporum consilio ac suasione decrevi conscribere, quoquo tempore venire temptaverit, aut fortassis locum re.","english":"of the entire place; and at the same time we decree that no metropolitan or any of his suffragans shall presume to enter there for the purpose of any ordination, unless he has been called by the abbot of that same place to celebrate the mystery of sanctity, or to consecrate churches, or to perform the blessings of clerics or monks; which duty he must in no way refuse. Moreover, whatever from the present day, both from my time and from that of all my successors, the bishops residing in the see of Paris, or from God-fearing princes of that same people, in estates, villas, fields, in gold or silver, has been delegated or donated, I wish, I ask, I adjure that it be held in its entirety. I have also decreed by this charter of immunity and cession that my above-mentioned basilica shall remain without the obligation of records. And because this was not the custom before, and has now been granted to me by kings and princes, I did not wish to omit the will of your piety in this writing, but I request that it be strengthened and confirmed in all things by you, so that it may remain valid henceforth. And if there should ever be anyone who, at any time, attempts to act against this decision of mine, which I, for the sake of firmness, with the counsel and persuasion of the metropolitan and the other bishops, have decreed to write down, or perhaps the place...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"gestorum obligatione","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'sine gestorum obligatione' means 'without the obligation of records' or 'without the need for formal acts'. It indicates the basilica is exempt from the usual requirement of written documentation for legal transactions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"metropolitanus","severity":"info","text":"The metropolitan is the archbishop of the province, here likely the Archbishop of Sens, to whom the Bishop of Paris was suffragan. The decree restricts his entry to the monastery unless invited by the abbot.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"volo, rogo, conjuro","severity":"info","text":"The triadic formula 'I wish, I ask, I adjure' is a rhetorical intensification common in early medieval legal documents, emphasizing the bishop's solemn command regarding donations.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"a die praesenti","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'from the present day' establishes the charter's effective date as the moment of issuance, covering future donations from the bishop and his successors.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"cartulam immunitatis et cessionis","severity":"caution","text":"The term 'cartulam' (diminutive of charta) may indicate a small document or a charter of lesser formality. The text's authenticity is debated; it may be a later forgery or interpolation, common in monastic privilege claims.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"consilio ac suasione","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'with the counsel and persuasion of the metropolitan and the other bishops' reflects the canonical requirement for episcopal consent in granting immunities, a point later cited in medieval canon law discussions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Latin text breaks off mid-sentence at 'locum re...', leaving the final clause incomplete. The intended meaning may be 'the place remains' or 'the place is subject to anathema'."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"fragandi quesierit, in primis a liminibus sanctarum ecclesiarum ab omnibus episcopis et sacerdotibus Dei, tam presentis temporis quam futuri, sit excommunicatus, et alienus a pace, et in futuro judicio eum sanctis et amicis Dei, in quorum honore hec conscriptio facta esi, meum ac dominorum meorum metropolitanorum seu episcoporum presentium super se adesse sentiat judicium, et sit anathema maranatha. At insuper ut hec cartula firmiorem possit adipisci plenitudinem, compro vincialium dominorum episcoporum et fratrum meorum presbyterorum seu diaconorum conscriptionibus ipsam volui corroborare. Actum Parisius civitate, sub die XII Kalend. septembris, anno Chariberti regis a. Germanus peccator hanc cartulam cessionis etemunitatis a me factam relegi et subscripsi, sub die quo supra. Nicetius Lugdunensis episcopus in Christi nomine, petente apostolico domno et fratre meo Germano episcopo, et domna Ulthrogothe regina, atque domna Chrodesita ac Chroberga, constitutionem hanc, scilicet a presenti tempore a successoribus domni Germani episcopi perpetuo custodiendam relegi, et manus mee subscriptione corroboravi notato die b. Pretextatus Cabillonensis episcopus, deliberalionem superius comprehensam, roganteet presente don'no Germano episcopo, gaudenter suscepi relegendam et subscripsi notato die.","english":"or seeks to violate it, first of all, from the thresholds of the holy churches by all bishops and priests of God, both of the present time and of the future, let him be excommunicated, and estranged from peace, and in the future judgment let him feel the judgment of me and of my lords the metropolitans or bishops present over him, in whose honor this document has been made, and let him be anathema maranatha. Moreover, so that this charter may obtain a firmer fullness, I have wished to confirm it by the subscriptions of the provincial lord bishops and of my brother priests and deacons. Done in the city of Paris, on the twelfth day before the Kalends of September, in the year of King Charibert. I, Germanus the sinner, have read and subscribed this charter of grant and immunity made by me, on the day above. Nicetius, bishop of Lyon, in the name of Christ, at the request of my apostolic lord and brother Germanus the bishop, and of the lady Queen Ulthrogotha, and of the ladies Chrodesita and Chroberga, I have read this constitution, namely to be perpetually preserved from the present time by the successors of the lord bishop Germanus, and I have confirmed it with the subscription of my hand on the noted day. Pretextatus, bishop of Chalon, I have gladly received for reading the deliberation comprehended above, at the request and in the presence of the lord bishop Germanus, and I have subscribed on the noted day.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"anathema maranatha","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'anathema maranatha' combines a Greek-derived term for a curse of excommunication with an Aramaic phrase meaning 'the Lord has come,' intensifying the solemnity of the penalty.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"anno Chariberti regis","severity":"info","text":"The dating by the regnal year of King Charibert I (561–567) places the charter in the late 6th century, consistent with the episcopacy of Germanus of Paris (c. 555–576).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Nicetius Lugdunensis episcopus","severity":"info","text":"Nicetius of Lyon (c. 513–573) was a prominent Gallo-Roman bishop and correspondent of Germanus; his subscription adds metropolitan authority to the charter.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"domna Ulthrogothe regina","severity":"info","text":"Queen Ulthrogotha (Ultragotha) was the wife of King Charibert I; her presence among the petitioners underscores the royal endorsement of the monastery's privileges.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"hanc cartulam cessionis etemunitatis","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'cartulam cessionis et emunitatis' (charter of grant and immunity) defines the document's legal nature, combining a conveyance of property with a grant of exemption from episcopal interference.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"fragandi quesierit","severity":"caution","text":"The reading 'fragandi quesierit' is uncertain; the draft translates 'or seeks to violate it,' but the Latin may be corrupt. The intended sense is likely 'if anyone seeks to break (this privilege).'","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'fragandi quesierit' is obscure and may be a scribal error; the intended verb is probably 'frangere' (to break).","The identity of 'domna Chrodesita ac Chroberga' is unclear; they may be noblewomen or relatives of the queen."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":5,"ref":"p5","source":"Felix Aurelianensis epi.copus juxta consensum et deliberaiionem domni Germani in perpetuo mansuram, subscripsi notato die. Eufronius Nivernensis episcopus, rogante domno apostolico Germano episcopo, hanc deliberationem relegi et subscripsi, notato die. Domicianus Carnotensis episcopus, juxta consensum et deliberationem fratris mei Germani episcopi consensi et subscripsi notato die. Donnolus Cenomanensis episcopus, consensi et subscripsi notato die. Caletricus peccator, juxta consensum et deliberationem domni Germani episcopi, consensi et subscripsi notato die. Victurius peccator, juxta deliberationem hanc, Germano presenie fratre meo et rogante, consensi et subscripsi notato die. Leodebaudus peccator consensi et subscripsi notato die.\n\nAmanuensis notarius, sub jussione domni Germani episcopi, hoc privilegium cessionis scripsi et subscripsi.","english":"Felix, bishop of Aurelianum, in accordance with the consent and deliberation of the lord Germanus, which is to remain in perpetuity, subscribed on the noted day. Eufronius, bishop of Nivernum, at the request of the lord apostolic Germanus the bishop, read through this deliberation and subscribed on the noted day. Domicianus, bishop of Carnotum, in accordance with the consent and deliberation of my brother Germanus the bishop, consented and subscribed on the noted day. Donnolus, bishop of Cenomanum, consented and subscribed on the noted day. Caletricus, a sinner, in accordance with the consent and deliberation of the lord Germanus the bishop, consented and subscribed on the noted day. Victurius, a sinner, in accordance with this deliberation, with Germanus my brother present and making the request, consented and subscribed on the noted day. Leodebaudus, a sinner, consented and subscribed on the noted day.\n\nI, the notary amanuensis, under the command of the lord Germanus the bishop, wrote and subscribed this privilege of cession.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a subscription list appended to the privilege, recording the names and titles of seven bishops and a notary who witnessed and confirmed the document.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Felix Aurelianensis episcopus","severity":"info","text":"Felix, bishop of Aurelianum (Orléans), is the first subscriber. His title indicates he was a suffragan of the metropolitan of Sens or possibly of Bourges in this period.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Eufronius Nivernensis episcopus","severity":"info","text":"Eufronius, bishop of Nivernum (Nevers), is described as having read through the deliberation at the request of Germanus, suggesting a formal verification of the document's contents.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Caletricus peccator","severity":"info","text":"Caletricus styles himself 'peccator' (sinner), a common self-deprecating formula among early medieval bishops, indicating humility before God and the apostolic authority of Germanus.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Amanuensis notarius","severity":"info","text":"The notary (amanuensis) identifies himself as the scribe who wrote and subscribed the privilege under Germanus's command, confirming the document's official production.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"notato die","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'notato die' (on the noted day) is formulaic and does not specify a date. The original day of subscription is not preserved in the text, leaving the chronology imprecise.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The exact date of subscription is not given; 'notato die' is a formulaic placeholder.","The sees of Aurelianum, Nivernum, Carnotum, and Cenomanum are identified with Orléans, Nevers, Chartres, and Le Mans, but the precise diocesan boundaries in the 6th century are uncertain."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}