{"slug":"tmp1181.tmp1181.opp-lat1","id":"latin:ogl-pl:tmp1181.tmp1181.opp-lat1","title":"Chronicum Ad Theodorum Regem","title_source":"Chronicum Ad Theodorum Regem","author":"Cassiodorus Vivariensis Abbas","genre":"chronicle","date":"","tradition":"latin","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4.1-flash:floor","provider":"Baidu","generated":"2026-11-15T19:03:33Z","cost_usd":0.006562},"source":{"registry_id":"latin:ogl-pl:tmp1181.tmp1181.opp-lat1","work_id":"tmp1181.tmp1181.opp-lat1","edition":"ogl-pl","language":"","license":"Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License","url":"https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/patrologia_latina-dev/blob/master/data/tmp1181/tmp1181/tmp1181.tmp1181.opp-lat1.xml"},"stats":{"passages":80,"english_words":12920,"coptic_letters":0,"source_letters":54792,"commentary_units":0,"commentary_kinds":0,"derived_notes":62,"ambiguities":0,"work_notes":0,"external_links":0,"timeline":0},"summary":{},"links":[{"kind":"source","label":"Open Greek and Latin Patrologia Latina","url":"https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/patrologia_latina-dev/blob/master/data/tmp1181/tmp1181/tmp1181.tmp1181.opp-lat1.xml"}],"checks":{"work":"tmp1181.tmp1181.opp-lat1","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":80,"translated":80,"commentary_passages":0,"commentary_units":0,"english_words":12920,"source_letters":54557,"commentary_kinds":0},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4.1-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Latin; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: chronicle in Latin; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 80 narrative."},{"kind":"caution","severity":"caution","text":"62 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: ogl-pl."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Licence: Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":80},"term_index":[],"citations":{},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"II. AURELII CASSIODORI CHRONICON, AD THEODORUM REGEM.\n\nPRÆFATIO.\n\nSapientia principali, qua semper magna revo!vitis, in ordinem me consules digerere censuistis: ut qui annum ornaveratis glorloso nutuine, redderetis fastis veritatis pristinae veritatem. Parui libens præceptis, et librariorum varietate detersa, operi fidem historicæ. auctoriutis impressi; quatenus vester antmus pet illustres delectatus eventus, blando compendio longissimam mundi percurrat aetatem.\n\nAb Adam primo homine usque ad diluvium, quod factum est sub Noo, colliguntur anni 2242.\n\nDiluvium autem factum est propter gigantum nimiam feritatem, qui corporis magnitudine parique animi sævitia praevalentes, humanitatis jas omue confuderant.\n\nEt a diluvio usque ad Ninum, qui primus OIDnium apud Assyrios regnavit, anni sunt 899.\n\nCHRONICON.\n\nREGES ASSYRII.\n\nNinus itaque regnavit apud Assyrios annis 52.","english":"II. CHRONICLE OF AURELIUS CASSIODORUS, TO THEODOR KING.\n\nPREFACE.\n\nBy your princely wisdom, in which you have always embraced great things, you have judged it fit that I arrange the consuls in order: so that you, who had adorned the year by your glorious nod, might restore to the records the truth of their former truth. I gladly obeyed your commands, and having wiped away the discrepancies of the copyists, I impressed upon the work the trustworthiness of historical authority; so that your mind, delighted by illustrious events, might run through the longest age of the world in a pleasant compendium.\n\nFrom Adam, the first man, up to the flood, which took place under Noah, are collected 2242 years.\n\nBut the flood took place on account of the excessive savagery of the giants, who, prevailing by the greatness of their bodies and an equal fierceness of mind, had confounded every right of humanity.\n\nAnd from the flood up to Ninus, who first reigned over the Assyrians, are 899 years.\n\nCHRONICLE.\n\nTHE ASSYRIAN KINGS.\n\nAnd so Ninus reigned among the Assyrians for 52 years.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"Hujus imperii anno natus est Abraham. Is etiam condidit Niniven.\n\nSemiramis uxor Nini regnavit annos 42. Hæc Babyloniæ muros instaurasse memoratur, non ouod condiderit.\n\nNinias filius Nini et Semiramidis regnavit annis 33.\n\nArius regnavit annis 30.\n\nArelius regnavit annis 40.\n\nXerxes, qui et Baleus [ed. Niv, et Orry., Balaneus], regnavit annis 30.\n\nArmainetres regnavit annis 38.\n\nBolechus [Cusp., Belochus] regnavit annis 35.\n\nBaleus regnavit annis 52.\n\nAltadas regnavit annis 32.\n\nHujus temporibus fuit Prometheus vir sapiens.\n\nMamithus regnavit annis 30.\n\nManch'leus [Cusp., Magelaus] regnavit annis 30.\n\nHujus temporibus Atlas frater Promethei præcipuus astrologus habetur.\n\nSpherus [ed. Niv. ei Onuph., Iphereus] regnavit annis 20.\n\nIlamylus regnavit annis 30.\n\nSparetus regnavit annis 40.\n\nHujus temporibus a Cecrope rege Athenæ suot conditæ.","english":"In the year of this empire Abraham was born. He also founded Nineveh.\n\nSemiramis, wife of Ninus, reigned 42 years. She is recorded to have restored the walls of Babylon, not to have founded them.\n\nNinias, son of Ninus and Semiramis, reigned 33 years.\n\nArius reigned 30 years.\n\nArelius reigned 40 years.\n\nXerxes, who is also Baleus, reigned 30 years.\n\nArmainetres reigned 38 years.\n\nBolechus reigned 35 years.\n\nBaleus reigned 52 years.\n\nAltadas reigned 32 years.\n\nIn his times was Prometheus, a wise man.\n\nMamithus reigned 30 years.\n\nManchleus reigned 30 years.\n\nIn his times Atlas, brother of Prometheus, is held to be a foremost astrologer.\n\nSpherus reigned 20 years.\n\nIlamylus reigned 30 years.\n\nSparetus reigned 40 years.\n\nIn his times Athens was founded by King Cecrops.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"Ascades [Cusp., Astacades] regnavit annis 40.\n\nHujus temporibus Moyses in monte Sina divinam suscepit legem.\n\nAmynthes regnavit annis 45.\n\nHujus temporibus Jesus successor Moysis terram Palæstinorum Judxae genii distribuit.\n\nBelochus regnavit annis 25.\n\nBellepares [Cusp., Belopares] regnavit annis 30.\n\nLamprides regnavit annis 32.\n\nSOlares regnavit annis 20.\n\nHujus temporibus equus velocissimus Pegasus invenitur.\n\nLampares regnavit annis 30.\n\nPanias regnavit annis 45.\n\nSosarmus regnavit annis 19.\n\nHujus temporibus Argonautarum navigatio et Orpheus Thrax musicus opinabilis habetur.\n\nMithreus regnavit annis 27.\n\nHujus temporibus Hercules athleticam exercuit, et Priamus apud Ilium regnat.\n\nrer hos igitur reges Assyriorum colliguntur anni 852.\n\nREGES LATINI.\n\nLatinus regnavit annis 32. A quo Latini sunt appellati.\n\nHujus imperii anno Troja capta est, ad quem","english":"Ascades reigned 40 years.\n\nIn his times Moses received the divine law on Mount Sinai.\n\nAmynthes reigned 45 years.\n\nIn his times Jesus, the successor of Moses, distributed the land of the Palestinians to the tribe of Judah.\n\nBelochus reigned 25 years.\n\nBellepares reigned 30 years.\n\nLamprides reigned 32 years.\n\nSolares reigned 20 years.\n\nIn his times the swiftest horse Pegasus is discovered.\n\nLampares reigned 30 years.\n\nPanias reigned 45 years.\n\nSosarmus reigned 19 years.\n\nIn his times the voyage of the Argonauts and Orpheus the Thracian, a musician, are held to be legendary.\n\nMithreus reigned 27 years.\n\nIn his times Hercules practiced athletics, and Priam reigns at Ilium.\n\nFor these kings of the Assyrians, therefore, 852 years are collected.\n\nTHE LATIN KINGS.\n\nLatinus reigned 32 years. From him the Latins are named.\n\nIn the year of his rule Troy was captured, to which","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"Æneas profugus venit, factusque gener ejus, ei successit in regnum.\n\ni£ neas post annos Trojæ captæ regnavit in Italia annis 3.\n\nAscanius lilius ejus regnavit annis 38; qui Alba. num [Cusp., Alhain Longam) condidit.\n\nSilvius Æneæ filius de Lavinia regnavit annis 29.\n\nHujus temporibus Homerus poeta fuisse memontur.\n\ni£neas Silvius regnavit annis 31.\n\nHujus temporibus Hebraeorum rei David Hierosolymis regnat.\n\nLatinus Silvius regnavit annis 50.\n\nHujus temporibus Amazones Asiam vastaverunt.\n\nCarthago condita est a Carchedone Tyrio, ut quidaa dicunt. Salomon quoque filius David regnans Hierosolymis, templum famosissimum condit.\n\nAlba Silvius regnavit annis 39.\n\ni£gyplius Silvius regnavit annis 24.\n\nCapys Silvius regnavit annis 28.\n\nCapetus [Cusp., Calpetus] Silvius regoavitannis IS,\n\nTiberinus Silvius regnavit annis 8.\n\nAgrippa Silvius regnavit annis 40.","english":"Aeneas came as a fugitive, and having become his son-in-law, he succeeded him in the kingdom.\n\nAeneas reigned in Italy for 3 years after the capture of Troy.\n\nAscanius his son reigned 38 years; he founded Alba Longa.\n\nSilvius, son of Aeneas by Lavinia, reigned 29 years.\n\nIn his times the poet Homer is remembered to have lived.\n\nAeneas Silvius reigned 31 years.\n\nIn his times David, king of the Hebrews, reigns at Jerusalem.\n\nLatinus Silvius reigned 50 years.\n\nIn his times the Amazons laid waste Asia.\n\nCarthage was founded by Carchedon of Tyre, as some say. Solomon also, son of David, reigning at Jerusalem, built the most famous temple.\n\nAlba Silvius reigned 39 years.\n\nAegyptus Silvius reigned 24 years.\n\nCapys Silvius reigned 28 years.\n\nCapetus Silvius reigned 18 years.\n\nTiberinus Silvius reigned 8 years.\n\nAgrippa Silvius reigned 40 years.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":5,"ref":"p5","source":"Aremulus Silvius regnavit annis 19.\n\nHujus temporibus Lycurgus apud Lacedæmonas jura composuit.\n\nAventinus Silvius regnavit annis 37.\n\nA quo mons Romanorum, quia ibi sepultus cst, nomen accepit.\n\nProcas Silvius regnavit annis 23.\n\nAmulius Silvius regnavit annis 44.\n\nQui fratrem suum Numitorem regno expulit, cujus tempora isti sunt applicita.\n\nREGES ROMANI.\n\nRomulus regnavit annis 38. A quo Roma coondita est, et ex Latinis Romani sunt uncupati. Hic primum centum constituit senatores.\n\nHujus temporibus Syracusae et Catina in Sicilla conditae sunt.\n\nNuma Pompilius regnavit annis 41. Qui duos menses anno addidit, Januarium et Februarium, cum ante hunc decem tantum menses apud Romanos fuissent. Capitolium quoque a fundamentis construxit. Cujus etiam temporibus sibylla in Samo insignis babita est.\n\nTullus Hostilius regnavit annis 32. Qui primus apud Romanos purpura usus est.","english":"Aremulus Silvius reigned 19 years.\n\nIn his times Lycurgus composed laws among the Lacedaemonians.\n\nAventinus Silvius reigned 37 years.\n\nFrom him the mountain of the Romans received its name, because he was buried there.\n\nProcas Silvius reigned 23 years.\n\nAmulius Silvius reigned 44 years.\n\nHe expelled his brother Numitor from the kingdom, to whose times these events are assigned.\n\nTHE ROMAN KINGS.\n\nRomulus reigned 38 years. By him Rome was founded, and from the Latins the Romans were named. He first established a hundred senators.\n\nIn his times Syracuse and Catina were founded in Sicily.\n\nNuma Pompilius reigned 41 years. He added two months to the year, January and February, since before him there had been only ten months among the Romans. He also built the Capitol from its foundations. In his times too the Sibyl was held in renown in Samos.\n\nTullus Hostilius reigned 32 years. He was the first among the Romans to use purple.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":6,"ref":"p6","source":"Hujus temporibus Chalcedon conditur, et Byxantium, quae nunc Constantinopolis appellatur.\n\nAncus Martius regnavit annis23. Qui sexto deci milliario ib urbe Roma, Ostiam condidit.\n\nTarquinius Priscus regnavit annis 37.\n\nHujus temporibus Massilia in Galliis condita est.\n\nSer. Tullius regnavit annis 54. Qui primus censum Insiluit civium Romanorum.\n\nHujus temporibus apud Persas Cyrus primum regnare caepit.\n\nTarquinius Superbus regnavit annis 75.\n\nHujus temporibus Pythagoras physicus philosophus clarus habetur. Expulso autem Tarquinio, bini consules coeperunt pro uno rege annis singulis administrare rempublicam.\n\nHINC CONSULES.\n\nL. Junius Brutus et L. Tarquinius Collatinus.\n\nHi annum integrum minime tenuerunt ad peragendum tempus aliis subrogatis, id est, P. Valerio, Sp. Lucretio, et Horatio Pulvillo.\n\nP. Valerius II [Cusp., Valer. Publicola] et T. Lucretius.","english":"In his times Chalcedon was founded, and Byzantium, which is now called Constantinople.\n\nAncus Martius reigned 23 years. He founded Ostia at the sixth milestone from the city of Rome.\n\nTarquinius Priscus reigned 37 years.\n\nIn his times Massilia was founded in Gaul.\n\nServius Tullius reigned 54 years. He first instituted the census of the Roman citizens.\n\nIn his times Cyrus began to reign first among the Persians.\n\nTarquinius Superbus reigned 75 years.\n\nIn his times Pythagoras the natural philosopher was held famous. But when Tarquinius was expelled, two consuls began to administer the state for single years in place of one king.\n\nFROM HERE, CONSULS.\n\nL. Junius Brutus and L. Tarquinius Collatinus.\n\nThese did not hold a full year to complete the time, others being substituted, that is, P. Valerius, Sp. Lucretius, and Horatius Pulvillus.\n\nP. Valerius II [Cusp., Valer. Publicola] and T. Lucretius.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":7,"ref":"p7","source":"[Cusp., Pub. Valerius III et Marcus Horatius II.]\n\nSp. Largius et T. Herminius.\n\nP. Valerius III et P. Posthumius.\n\nP. Valerius:v et T. Lucretius II [Cusp., Lucfet. Tricipitinus].\n\nAgrippa Menenius et P. Poslhumlus II.\n\nOpiter Verginius et Sp. Cassius.\n\nPosthumius Cominius et T. Largius.\n\nHis coss. dictator primus T. Largius et magister equitum Sp. Cassius ordinantur.\n\nSer. Sulpicius et Manlius Tullius.\n\nT. Æbutius et L. Vetusius.\n\nQ. Clœlius et T. Largius II.\n\nA. Sempronius et M. Minucius [Cusp., Minut. Augurinus].\n\nA. Posthumius et T. Verginius.\n\nApp. Claudius et P. Servilius.\n\nC. Verginius et T. Vetusius.\n\nSp. Cassius II et Posthuminius Cominius II.\n\nT. Geganius et P. Minucius.\n\na.. Minucius II et A. Sempronius.\n\nSp. Nautius et Sex. Furius.\n\nT. Sicinius [AI., Siccius] et C. Aquillius.\n\nS. Cassius et Proculus Verginios.\n\nSer. Cornelius et Q. Fabius.","english":"[Consulship of Publius Valerius, third time, and Marcus Horatius, second time.]\n\nSpurius Largius and Titus Herminius.\n\nPublius Valerius, third time, and Publius Posthumius.\n\nPublius Valerius, fifth time, and Titus Lucretius, second time [Cusp., Lucfet. Tricipitinus].\n\nAgrippa Menenius and Publius Posthumius, second time.\n\nOpiter Verginius and Spurius Cassius.\n\nPosthumius Cominius and Titus Largius.\n\nIn the consulship of these men, Titus Largius is appointed the first dictator and Spurius Cassius master of horse.\n\nServius Sulpicius and Manlius Tullius.\n\nTitus Aebutius and Lucius Vetusius.\n\nQuintus Cloelius and Titus Largius, second time.\n\nAulus Sempronius and Marcus Minucius [Cusp., Minut. Augurinus].\n\nAulus Posthumius and Titus Verginius.\n\nAppius Claudius and Publius Servilius.\n\nGaius Verginius and Titus Vetusius.\n\nSpurius Cassius, second time, and Posthuminius Cominius, second time.\n\nTitus Geganius and Publius Minucius.\n\nAulus Minucius, second time, and Aulus Sempronius.\n\nSpurius Nautius and Sextus Furius.\n\nTitus Sicinius [Al., Siccius] and Gaius Aquillius.\n\nSpurius Cassius and Proculus Verginius.\n\nServius Cornelius and Quintus Fabius.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":8,"ref":"p8","source":"L. Æmilius et K. [Cusp., Ceso Fabius.\n\nM. Fabius et L. Valerius.\n\nQ. Fabius II et C. Julius.\n\nK. [Cusp., Ceso] Fabius II et Sp. Furius,\n\nII. Fabius II et Cn. Manlius.\n\nK. [Cusp., Ceso] Fabius III et T. Verginius.\n\nL. i£milius II et C. Servilius.\n\nC. Horatius et T. Menenius.\n\nA. Verginius et Sp. Servilius.\n\nC. Nautius et P. Valerius.\n\nL. Furius et C, Manlius.\n\nL. Æmilius III ei Opiter Verginius.\n\nL. Pinarius et P. Furius.\n\nAp. Claudius et T. Quinctius Capitolinus.\n\nL. Valerius II et Tit. iÆmilius.\n\nT. Numicius et A. Vergimus.\n\nT. Quinctius II et Q. Servilius.\n\nT. Æmilius II et Q. Fabius.\n\nQ. Servilius II et Sp. Posthumius.\n\nQ. Fabius II et T. Quinctius III.\n\nA. Posthumius Albus et Sp. Furius.\n\nL. i£butius et P. Servilius.\n\nL. Lucretius Tricipitinus et T. Veturius Geminus.\n\nP. Volumnius et Ser. Suipicius.\n\nC. Claudius et P. Valerius II.","english":"Lucius Aemilius and Kaeso [Cuspius, Ceso] Fabius.\n\nMarcus Fabius and Lucius Valerius.\n\nQuintus Fabius, second time, and Gaius Julius.\n\nKaeso [Cuspius, Ceso] Fabius, second time, and Spurius Furius.\n\n[Second] Fabius, second time, and Gnaeus Manlius.\n\nKaeso [Cuspius, Ceso] Fabius, third time, and Titus Verginius.\n\nLucius Aemilius, second time, and Gaius Servilius.\n\nGaius Horatius and Titus Menenius.\n\nAulus Verginius and Spurius Servilius.\n\nGaius Nautius and Publius Valerius.\n\nLucius Furius and Gaius Manlius.\n\nLucius Aemilius, third time, and Opiter Verginius.\n\nLucius Pinarius and Publius Furius.\n\nAppius Claudius and Titus Quinctius Capitolinus.\n\nLucius Valerius, second time, and Titus Aemilius.\n\nTitus Numicius and Aulus Verginius.\n\nTitus Quinctius, second time, and Quintus Servilius.\n\nTitus Aemilius, second time, and Quintus Fabius.\n\nQuintus Servilius, second time, and Spurius Posthumius.\n\nQuintus Fabius, second time, and Titus Quinctius, third time.\n\nAulus Posthumius Albus and Spurius Furius.\n\nLucius Aebutius and Publius Servilius.\n\nLucius Lucretius Tricipitinus and Titus Veturius Geminus.\n\nPublius Volumnius and Servius Sulpicius.\n\nGaius Claudius and Publius Valerius, second time.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":9,"ref":"p9","source":"Q. Fabius III eL L. Cornelius Maluginensis.\n\nL. Minutius et L. Nautius.\n\nQ Minucius et M. Horatius Pulvillus.\n\nM. Valerius et Sp. Verginius.\n\nC. Veturius et T. Romilius.\n\nSp. Tarpeius et A. Aternius.\n\nHis coss. legati Athenas missi ad leges describendas.\n\nP. Curi itius et Sex. Quinctilius.\n\nT. Menenius et P. Sestius.\n\nHoc tempore a coss. ad decemviros translatum imperium est, per quos [Cusp., duobus] annis admi. nistrata respublica est, atque iterum consules creati sunt.\n\nL. Valerius et At. Horatius.\n\nL. [Cusp., Sp. | Ilerminius et T. Verginius.\n\nM. Geganius et C. Julius.\n\nT. Quinctius, iv et Agrippa Furius.\n\nM. Genuciusct T. Curiacius.\n\nL. Papirius et L. Sempronius.\n\nM. Geganius II et T. Quinctius v.\n\nM. Fabius et Posthumius Æbutius.\n\nC. Furius Pacilus et M. Papirius Crassus.\n\nProculus Geganius et L. Menenius.\n\nT. Quintius vi et Agrippa Menenius.","english":"Quintus Fabius, third time, and Lucius Cornelius Maluginensis.\n\nLucius Minucius and Lucius Nautius.\n\nQuintus Minucius and Marcus Horatius Pulvillus.\n\nMarcus Valerius and Spurius Verginius.\n\nGaius Veturius and Titus Romilius.\n\nSpurius Tarpeius and Aulus Aternius.\n\nIn the consulship of these men, envoys were sent to Athens to copy down the laws.\n\nPublius Curiatius and Sextus Quinctilius.\n\nTitus Menenius and Publius Sestius.\n\nAt this time the supreme power was transferred from the consuls to the decemvirs, by whom the state was administered for [two] years, and again consuls were created.\n\nLucius Valerius and Aulus Horatius.\n\nLucius [Spurius] Herminius and Titus Verginius.\n\nMarcus Geganius and Gaius Julius.\n\nTitus Quinctius, fourth time, and Agrippa Furius.\n\nMarcus Genucius and Titus Curiatius.\n\nLucius Papirius and Lucius Sempronius.\n\nMarcus Geganius, second time, and Titus Quinctius, fifth time.\n\nMarcus Fabius and Postumius Aebutius.\n\nGaius Furius Pacilus and Marcus Papirius Crassus.\n\nProculus Geganius and Lucius Menenius.\n\nTitus Quinctius, sixth time, and Agrippa Menenius.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":10,"ref":"p10","source":"[Cuspinianus hoc anno pro consulibus tribunos miliium creatos notat.]\n\nM. Geganius III eft. Sergius.\n\nM. Cornelius Maluginensis ct L. Papirius Crassus.\n\nC. Julius II et L. Verginius.\n\nC. Julius III et L. Verginius II.\n\n[Duobu. annis sequentibus creati sunt pro consulibus tribuni militum ex Cuspin.]\n\nT. Quinctius Pennus, et Cn. Julius Mento.\n\nL. Papirius Crassus, et L. Julius.\n\nL. Sergius II et Hostius Lucretius.\n\nA. Cornelius Cossus, et T. Quinctius Pennas II.\n\nC. Servilius Ahala, et L. Papirias Mugillanus.\n\n[Cuspin. hic adnotat tribunos militum per tres annos consulari potestate creatos.]\n\nC. [Cusp., A.] Sempronius, et Q. Fabianus Vibnlanus.\n\n[Hoc anno pre consulibus iterum tribuni mi/itum, es Cuspin.]\n\nM. [Cusp., Cn.] Fabius Vibulanus, et T. Quinctius Capitolinus.\n\n[Per septem annos tribunos pro consulibus creatos ait Cuspin.]","english":"[Cuspinianus notes that in this year military tribunes were created in place of consuls.]\n\nMarcus Geganius, third time, and Sergius.\n\nMarcus Cornelius Maluginensis and Lucius Papirius Crassus.\n\nGaius Julius, second time, and Lucius Verginius.\n\nGaius Julius, third time, and Lucius Verginius, second time.\n\n[In the two following years, according to Cuspinianus, military tribunes were created in place of consuls.]\n\nTitus Quinctius Pennus and Gnaeus Julius Mento.\n\nLucius Papirius Crassus and Lucius Julius.\n\nLucius Sergius, second time, and Hostius Lucretius.\n\nAulus Cornelius Cossus and Titus Quinctius Pennus, second time.\n\nGaius Servilius Ahala and Lucius Papirius Mugillanus.\n\n[Cuspinianus notes here that for three years military tribunes were created with consular power.]\n\nGaius Sempronius and Quintus Fabianus Vibulanus.\n\n[In this year, according to Cuspinianus, military tribunes were again created in place of consuls.]\n\nMarcus Fabius Vibulanus and Titus Quinctius Capitolinus.\n\n[Cuspinianus says that for seven years military tribunes were created in place of consuls.]","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":11,"ref":"p11","source":"M. [Cusp., A.] Cornelius Cossus et L. Furius Medullinus\n\nQ. Fabius Ambustus et C. Furius Pacilus.\n\nhi. Papirius et C. Nautius [Cusp., Naut. Rutilius].\n\nM. Æmilius etC. Valerius [Cusp., Valer. Potinus].\n\nCn. Cornelius et L. Furius i!.\n\n[Pro consulibus tribunos militum sequentibus quindecim annis creatos tecenset Cuspin.\n\nL. Lucretius et Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus.\n\nL. Valerius Potitus et M. Manlius.\n\nHis coss. post Urbern captam redeuntes Gallos dui Romanus nomine Camillus exstinxit; de quibus triumphans in Urbe, quasi et ipse patriae conditor, Romulus meruit nuncupari. Tunc dignitates mutatæ sunt; ei in ioco consulum per annos i? tribuni militares fuerunt, quibus ob insolentiam remotis, per annos potestas consulUm tribunorumque cessavit. Deinde rursus tribus annis per tribunos militares est administrata respublica: post annum reversa est dignitas consUlaris.","english":"Marcus Cornelius Cossus and Lucius Furius Medullinus.\n\nQuintus Fabius Ambustus and Gaius Furius Pacilus.\n\nThese men. Papirius and Gaius Nautius [Cuspinianus: Nautius Rutilius].\n\nMarcus Aemilius and Gaius Valerius [Cuspinianus: Valerius Potinus].\n\nGnaeus Cornelius and Lucius Furius, second time.\n\n[Cuspinianus reckons that in place of consuls military tribunes were created for the following fifteen years.]\n\nLucius Lucretius and Servius Sulpicius Camerinus.\n\nLucius Valerius Potitus and Marcus Manlius.\n\nIn the consulship of these men, as the Gauls were returning after the capture of the City, Camillus, a Roman leader, destroyed them; and triumphing over them in the City, he deserved to be called Romulus, as though he were himself the founder of his fatherland. Then the offices were changed; and in place of consuls for [a number of] years there were military tribunes, and when these were removed on account of their insolence, for years the power of the consuls and tribunes ceased. Then again for three years the state was administered by military tribunes: after that year the consular dignity returned.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":12,"ref":"p12","source":"L. Sextius de plebe, et L. Æmilius Mamercus patricius.\n\nL. Genucius et Q. Servilius.\n\nC. Sulpicius Peticus et C. Licinius Stolo.\n\nCn. Genucius et L. i£ milius Mamercus it.\n\nQ. Servilius Ahala et L. Genucius.\n\nC. Sulpicius ii et C. Licinius.\n\nC. Poetelius Balbus et M. Fabius Ambustus.\n\nA!. Popilius Lænas et Cn. Manlius.\n\nC. Plaulius et C. Fabius.\n\nC. Marcius et C. Manlius.\n\nII. Fabius Ambustus II et M. Popilius Laenas II.\n\nC. Sulpicius Peticus et Marcus Valerius Publitola.\n\nM. F Lius in et Titus Quinctius.\n\nC. Sulpicius iv et M. Valerius II.\n\nP. Valerius et C. Marcius Rutilus n.\n\nC. Sulpicius Peticus et T. Quinctius Pennus.\n\nM. Popilius III et L. Cornelius Scipio.\n\nL. Furius Camillus et Ap. Claudius Crassus.\n\nII. Valerius Corvinus et M. Popilius Lænas IV.\n\nT. Manlius Torquatus et C. Plautius.\n\nM. Valerius II et C. Poetelius II.\n\nM. Fabius Dorso et Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus.","english":"Lucius Sextius, a plebeian, and Lucius Aemilius Mamercus, a patrician.\n\nLucius Genucius and Quintus Servilius.\n\nGaius Sulpicius Peticus and Gaius Licinius Stolo.\n\nGnaeus Genucius and Lucius Aemilius Mamercus II.\n\nQuintus Servilius Ahala and Lucius Genucius.\n\nGaius Sulpicius II and Gaius Licinius.\n\nGaius Poetelius Balbus and Marcus Fabius Ambustus.\n\nManius Popilius Laenas and Gnaeus Manlius.\n\nGaius Plautius and Gaius Fabius.\n\nGaius Marcius and Gaius Manlius.\n\nNumerius Fabius Ambustus II and Marcus Popilius Laenas II.\n\nGaius Sulpicius Peticus and Marcus Valerius Publitola.\n\nMarcus Fulvius and Titus Quinctius.\n\nGaius Sulpicius IV and Marcus Valerius II.\n\nPublius Valerius and Gaius Marcius Rutilus.\n\nGaius Sulpicius Peticus and Titus Quinctius Pennus.\n\nMarcus Popilius III and Lucius Cornelius Scipio.\n\nLucius Furius Camillus and Appius Claudius Crassus.\n\nMarcus Valerius Corvinus and Marcus Popilius Laenas IV.\n\nTitus Manlius Torquatus and Gaius Plautius.\n\nMarcus Valerius II and Gaius Poetelius II.\n\nMarcus Fabius Dorso and Servius Sulpicius Camerinus.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":13,"ref":"p13","source":"C. Marcius III et Tit. Manlius II.\n\nII. Valerius III et A. Cornelius Cossus.\n\nC. Marcius Rutilus et Q. Servilius.\n\nC. Plautius II et L. iEmilius Mamercus.\n\nT. Manlius III et P. Decius Mus.\n\nTit. Æmilius Mamercus et Q. Publilius Philo.\n\nL. Furius Camillus et C. Mænius [Cusp., Maenius Nepos].\n\nHis coss. rostra navium de Antiatibus in foro fixa sunt.\n\nC. Sulpicius Longus et P. Ælius Paetus.\n\nL. Papirius Crassus etK. Duilius.\n\nM. Valerius iv et M. Atilius Regulus.\n\nTit. Veturius et Sp. Posthumius.\n\nA. [Cusp., L.] Cornelius ii et Cn. Domitius.\n\nHis coss. pax cnm Alexandro rege Epyri facta est.\n\nM. Claudius Marcellus et C. [Cusp., T. Valerios.\n\nL. Papirius Crassus II et L. Plaut us Venno.\n\nL. Æmilius Mamercus et C. Plautius.\n\nC. Plautius Procnlus et P. Cornelius Scapula.\n\nL. Cornelius Lentulus et Q. Publilius Philo II.\n\nC. Poetelius III et L. Papirius Mugillanus [Cusp.; Cursor].","english":"Gaius Marcius III and Titus Manlius II.\n\nValerius III and Aulus Cornelius Cossus.\n\nGaius Marcius Rutilus and Quintus Servilius.\n\nGaius Plautius II and Lucius Aemilius Mamercus.\n\nTitus Manlius III and Publius Decius Mus.\n\nTitus Aemilius Mamercus and Quintus Publilius Philo.\n\nLucius Furius Camillus and Gaius Maenius [Cusp., Maenius Nepos].\n\nIn the consulship of these men the beaks of the ships were fixed in the forum from the Antiates.\n\nGaius Sulpicius Longus and Publius Aelius Paetus.\n\nLucius Papirius Crassus and Kaeso Duilius.\n\nMarcus Valerius IV and Marcus Atilius Regulus.\n\nTitus Veturius and Spurius Posthumius.\n\nAulus [Cusp., Lucius] Cornelius II and Gnaeus Domitius.\n\nIn the consulship of these men peace was made with Alexander, king of Epirus.\n\nMarcus Claudius Marcellus and Gaius [Cusp., Titus] Valerius.\n\nLucius Papirius Crassus II and Lucius Plautius Venno.\n\nLucius Aemilius Mamercus and Gaius Plautius.\n\nGaius Plautius Proculus and Publius Cornelius Scapula.\n\nLucius Cornelius Lentulus and Quintus Publilius Philo II.\n\nGaius Poetelius III and Lucius Papirius Mugillanus [Cusp.; Cursor].","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":14,"ref":"p14","source":"His coss. Alexandria in Ægypto condita est.\n\nL. Furius Camillus II et Junius Brutus Sxva.\n\nC; Sulpicius Longus II et Q. Aulius [Cup., Ceretanus].\n\nQu. Fabius [Cusp., Rullianus] et L. Fulvius.\n\nT. Veturius Calvinus it et Sp. Posthumius u.\n\nL. Papirius ii et Qu. Publilius Philo III.\n\nL. Papirius III et Qu. Aulius Cærretanus.\n\nM. Foslius [Cusp., Fulvius] et L. Plautius Venna.\n\nC. Junius bubulcus et Q. Æmilius Barbula.\n\nSp.Nautius et M. Popillius. [Cusp., Lenas].\n\nL. Papirius Jun. et Qu. Publilius [Cusp., Publ usj.\n\nM. Poetelius [Cusp., Libo] et C. Sulpicius.\n\nL. Papirius Cursor et C. Junius Bubulcus II.\n\nM. Valerius et P. Decius.\n\nliis coss. per Ap. Claudium censorem via fana, et aqua inducta est quae ipsius nomine nuncupantur.\n\nC. Junius Buculcus III et Q. Æmilius Barbula ii.\n\nQ. Fabius et C. Marcius Rutilus.\n\nQ. Fabius III et P. Decius [Cusp., Mus u.","english":"In their consulship Alexandria in Egypt was founded.\n\nLucius Furius Camillus II and Junius Brutus Sxva.\n\nGaius Sulpicius Longus II and Quintus Aulius [Cup., Ceretanus].\n\nQuintus Fabius [Cusp., Rullianus] and Lucius Fulvius.\n\nTitus Veturius Calvinus II and Spurius Posthumius u.\n\nLucius Papirius II and Quintus Publilius Philo III.\n\nLucius Papirius III and Quintus Aulius Caerretanus.\n\nMarcus Foslius [Cusp., Fulvius] and Lucius Plautius Venna.\n\nGaius Junius Bubulcus and Quintus Aemilius Barbula.\n\nSpurius Nautius and Marcus Popillius [Cusp., Lenas].\n\nLucius Papirius Junior and Quintus Publilius [Cusp., Publ usj.\n\nMarcus Poetelius [Cusp., Libo] and Gaius Sulpicius.\n\nLucius Papirius Cursor and Gaius Junius Bubulcus II.\n\nMarcus Valerius and Publius Decius.\n\nIn their consulship, by the censor Appius Claudius, the road, the shrines, and the water were brought in, which are named after him.\n\nGaius Junius Bubulcus III and Quintus Aemilius Barbula II.\n\nQuintus Fabius and Gaius Marcius Rutilus.\n\nQuintus Fabius III and Publius Decius [Cusp., Mus u.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":15,"ref":"p15","source":"App. Claudius et L. Volumnius.\n\n[Cusp. hac ponit sub seqq. coss.] His coss. viae pef agros publicae factae.\n\nP. Cornelius Arvina et Q. Marcius Tremulus.\n\nL. Posthumius et Ti. Minucius.\n\nP. Sulpicius Saverrio et P. Sempronius Sophus.\n\nL. Genucius et Ser. Cornelius.\n\nM. Livius [Cusp., Dexter] et L. Æmilius.\n\nM. Valerius et Q. Appuleius.\n\n\" P. Sulpicius Severrio et P. Sempronius Sophus.\n\n* L. Genucius et Ser. Cornelius.\n\n* M. Livius et L. Æmilius.\n\n* II. Valerius et Q. Appuleius.\n\nM. Fulvius Paetus et T. Manlius Torquatus.\n\nL. Cornelius Scipio ei Cn. Fulvius.\n\nQu. Fabius Maximus [Cusp., Rullianus] iv ei P. Decius Mus III.\n\nL. Volumnius II et Ap. Claudius.\n\nQu. Fabius [Cusp., Maximus] v et P. Decius IV.\n\nL. Postbumius Megellus et M. Attilius Regulus.\n\nL. Papirius Cursor et Sp. Carvilius.\n\nQ. Fabius Gurges et D. Junius Brutus Saeva.\n\nL. Posthumius et C. Junius.","english":"Appius Claudius and Lucius Volumnius.\n\nIn their consulship public roads were made through the fields.\n\nPublius Cornelius Arvina and Quintus Marcius Tremulus.\n\nLucius Postumius and Tiberius Minucius.\n\nPublius Sulpicius Saverrio and Publius Sempronius Sophus.\n\nLucius Genucius and Servius Cornelius.\n\nMarcus Livius and Lucius Aemilius.\n\nMarcus Valerius and Quintus Appuleius.\n\nPublius Sulpicius Severrio and Publius Sempronius Sophus.\n\nLucius Genucius and Servius Cornelius.\n\nMarcus Livius and Lucius Aemilius.\n\nMarcus Valerius and Quintus Appuleius.\n\nMarcus Fulvius Paetus and Titus Manlius Torquatus.\n\nLucius Cornelius Scipio and Gnaeus Fulvius.\n\nQuintus Fabius Maximus for the fourth time and Publius Decius Mus for the third time.\n\nLucius Volumnius for the second time and Appius Claudius.\n\nQuintus Fabius Maximus for the fifth time and Publius Decius for the fourth time.\n\nLucius Postumius Megellus and Marcus Attilius Regulus.\n\nLucius Papirius Cursor and Spurius Carvilius.\n\nQuintus Fabius Gurges and Decimus Junius Brutus Saeva.\n\nLucius Postumius and Gaius Junius.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":16,"ref":"p16","source":"P. Cornelius Rufinus et M. Curius Dentatus.\n\nAl. Valerius et Q. Cædicius.\n\nQ. Marcius et P. Cornelius.\n\nII. Marcellus et C. Nautius.\n\nM. Valerius et C. Ælius.\n\nC. Claudius et M. i£milius.\n\nC. Servilius et Lucius Coelius [Cusp., Caecilius Metellus].\n\nP. Cornelius Dolabella et Cn. Domitius.\n\nC. Fabricius et Qu. j£milius.\n\nL. iEmilius et Q. Marcius.\n\nP. Valerius et Ti. Coruncanius.\n\nP. Sulpicius et P. Decius.\n\nC. Fabricius et Q. i£milius.\n\nP. Cornelius et C. Junius.\n\nQ. Fabius etC. Genucius [Cusp., Gorges].\n\nM. Curius et L. Lentulus.\n\nSer. Cornelius [Cusp., Merenda] et M. Curius [Cusp., Dentatus III].\n\nC. Fabius et C. Claudius [Cusp., Cannia II].\n\nL. Papirius Cursor et Sp. Carvilius.\n\nC. Quinctius et L. Genucius.\n\nC. Genucius II et Cn. Cornelius.\n\nP. Sempronius et Ap. ClaudiuS.\n\nM. Attilius et L. Julius Libo.\n\nD. Junius et N. Fabius.","english":"Publius Cornelius Rufinus and Marcus Curius Dentatus.\n\nAulus Valerius and Quintus Caedicius.\n\nQuintus Marcius and Publius Cornelius.\n\nMarcus Marcellus and Gaius Nautius.\n\nMarcus Valerius and Gaius Aelius.\n\nGaius Claudius and Marcus Aemilius.\n\nGaius Servilius and Lucius Coelius [Cusp., Caecilius Metellus].\n\nPublius Cornelius Dolabella and Gnaeus Domitius.\n\nGaius Fabricius and Quintus Aemilius.\n\nLucius Aemilius and Quintus Marcius.\n\nPublius Valerius and Tiberius Coruncanius.\n\nPublius Sulpicius and Publius Decius.\n\nGaius Fabricius and Quintus Aemilius.\n\nPublius Cornelius and Gaius Junius.\n\nQuintus Fabius and Gaius Genucius [Cusp., Gorges].\n\nMarcus Curius and Lucius Lentulus.\n\nServius Cornelius [Cusp., Merenda] and Marcus Curius [Cusp., Dentatus III].\n\nGaius Fabius and Gaius Claudius [Cusp., Cannia II].\n\nLucius Papirius Cursor and Spurius Carvilius.\n\nGaius Quinctius and Lucius Genucius.\n\nGaius Genucius II and Gnaeus Cornelius.\n\nPublius Sempronius and Appius Claudius.\n\nMarcus Attilius and Lucius Julius Libo.\n\nDecimus Junius and Numerius Fabius.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":17,"ref":"p17","source":"[Cusp., Q. Fabius et L. Manulius.]\n\nApp. Claudius, et Qu. Fulvius.\n\nM. Valerius et II. Olacilius.\n\nL. Posthumius et Qn. Mamilius.\n\nL. Valeriuset T. Olacilius.\n\nCn. Cornelius et C. Duilius.\n\nC. Aquillius et L. Cornelius\n\nA. Atilius Calatinus et Qu. Sulpicius.\n\nC. Cornelius et C. Atilius Serranus.\n\nQ. Cædicius et L. Manlius.\n\nM. Æmilius Paulus et Ser. Fulvius nobilior.\n\nCn. Cornelius et A. Atilius.\n\nCn. Servilius et C. Sempronius.\n\nC. Aurelius Cotta et P. Servilius.\n\nL. Caecilius Metellus et C. Furius.\n\nC. Atilius Regulus et L. Manlius [Cusp., Volso].\n\nP. Claudius et L. Junius.\n\nP. Servilius et C. Aurelius.\n\nL. Caecilius et Cn. Fabius.\n\nM. Fabius et M. Octacilios [Cusp., Octatius].\n\nM. Fabius et C. Atilius [Cusp., Octaciliusl.\n\nA. Manlius et C. Sempronius.\n\nC. Fundanius et C. Sulpicius.\n\nC. Lutatius Cerco et A. Posthumius.\n\nQ. Lutatius Catulus et A. Manlius.","english":"Appius Claudius and Quintus Fulvius.\n\nMarcus Valerius and [II.] Olacilius.\n\nLucius Posthumius and Quintus Mamilius.\n\nLucius Valerius and Titus Olacilius.\n\nGnaeus Cornelius and Gaius Duilius.\n\nGaius Aquillius and Lucius Cornelius.\n\nAulus Atilius Calatinus and Quintus Sulpicius.\n\nGaius Cornelius and Gaius Atilius Serranus.\n\nQuintus Caedicius and Lucius Manlius.\n\nMarcus Aemilius Paulus and Servius Fulvius Nobilior.\n\nGnaeus Cornelius and Aulus Atilius.\n\nGnaeus Servilius and Gaius Sempronius.\n\nGaius Aurelius Cotta and Publius Servilius.\n\nLucius Caecilius Metellus and Gaius Furius.\n\nGaius Atilius Regulus and Lucius Manlius [Volso].\n\nPublius Claudius and Lucius Junius.\n\nPublius Servilius and Gaius Aurelius.\n\nLucius Caecilius and Gnaeus Fabius.\n\nMarcus Fabius and Marcus Octacilius [Octatius].\n\nMarcus Fabius and Gaius Atilius [Octacilius].\n\nAulus Manlius and Gaius Sempronius.\n\nGaius Fundanius and Gaius Sulpicius.\n\nGaius Lutatius Cerco and Aulus Posthumius.\n\nQuintus Lutatius Catulus and Aulus Manlius.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":18,"ref":"p18","source":"C. Claudius Centbo et M. Sempronius.\n\nC. Mamilius et Q. Valerius.\n\nHis coss. ludis Romanis primum tragoedia et comœdia a L. Livio [Cusp. addit Andronico] ad scenam data.\n\nT. Sempronius et P. Cornelius.\n\nL. Cornelius et Qu. fulvius.\n\nC. Licinius et P. Cornelius.\n\nT. Manlius Torquatus et C. Atilius.\n\nL. Posthumius et Sp. Carvilius.\n\nQ. Fabius et M. Pomponius.\n\nM. Lepidus et M. Poblicius.\n\nC. Papirius et M. Pomponius.\n\nII. Æmilius et M. Junius.\n\nHis coss. Hamilcar Hannibalis pater in Hispania bellum Romanis parans occisus est. Hic solitus est dicere quatuor filios contra P. R. se velut catulos leoninos educare.\n\nL. Posthumius et Cn. Fulvius.\n\nQ. Fabius II et Sp. Carvilius.\n\nP. Valerius et M. Atilius.\n\nL. Apustius et M. Valerius.\n\nC. Atilius et L. Æmilius.\n\nt. Manlius et Q. Fulvius n.\n\nC. Flaminius et P. Furius Philus [Cusp., Pilo.\n\nM. [Cusp., Claudius] Marcellus, et Cn. Cornelius.","english":"Gaius Claudius Centho and Marcus Sempronius.\n\nGaius Mamilius and Quintus Valerius.\n\nIn the consulship of these men, at the Roman games, a tragedy and a comedy by Lucius Livius [Andronicus] were first presented on stage.\n\nTitus Sempronius and Publius Cornelius.\n\nLucius Cornelius and Quintus Fulvius.\n\nGaius Licinius and Publius Cornelius.\n\nTitus Manlius Torquatus and Gaius Atilius.\n\nLucius Posthumius and Spurius Carvilius.\n\nQuintus Fabius and Marcus Pomponius.\n\nMarcus Lepidus and Marcus Publicius.\n\nGaius Papirius and Marcus Pomponius.\n\nLucius Aemilius and Marcus Junius.\n\nIn the consulship of these men, Hamilcar, the father of Hannibal, while preparing war against the Romans in Spain, was killed. He was accustomed to say that he was rearing four sons against the Roman people like lion cubs.\n\nLucius Posthumius and Gnaeus Fulvius.\n\nQuintus Fabius (for the second time) and Spurius Carvilius.\n\nPublius Valerius and Marcus Atilius.\n\nLucius Apustius and Marcus Valerius.\n\nGaius Atilius and Lucius Aemilius.\n\nTitus Manlius and Quintus Fulvius.\n\nGaius Flaminius and Publius Furius Philus.\n\nMarcus Claudius Marcellus and Gnaeus Cornelius.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":19,"ref":"p19","source":"P. Cornelius ctM. Minucius.\n\nL. Veturius et C. Lutatius.\n\nHis coss. via Flaminia munita et circas factus qui Flaminius appellatur.\n\nL. Livius et L. iÆmilius.\n\nHis coss. Hannibal Hamilcaris filius in Hispania bllum molitur.\n\nP. Cornelius Scipio et Tit. Sempronius Longus.\n\nCn. Servilius Geminus et C. Flaminius.\n\nL. Æmilius Paulus et C. Terentius Varro.\n\nT. Sempronius Gracchus et Qu. Fabius Maiimus III.\n\nQu. Fabius Maximus IV etM. Marcellus II [Cusp., Claudius.]\n\nQ. Fabius Maximus et tit. Sempronius Gracchus.\n\nQu. Fulvius Flaccus iii et Appius Claudius Pulcher III.\n\nCn. Fulvius, Centumatus et P. Sulpicius Galba.\n\nM. [Cusp., Claudius] Marcellus III et M. Valerius Laevinus.\n\nQ. Fabius v et Q. Fulvius Flaccus IV.\n\nM. [Cusp., Claudius] Marcellus iv et Tit. Quinctius.\n\nC. Claudius Nero et M. Livius Salinator.\n\nL. Veturius Philo et Q. Cæcilius Metellus.","english":"Publius Cornelius and Marcus Minucius.\n\nLucius Veturius and Gaius Lutatius.\n\nIn the consulship of these men, the Flaminian Way was paved and the circus was built which is called the Flaminian.\n\nLucius Livius and Lucius Aemilius.\n\nIn the consulship of these men, Hannibal, son of Hamilcar, stirred up war in Spain.\n\nPublius Cornelius Scipio and Titus Sempronius Longus.\n\nGnaeus Servilius Geminus and Gaius Flaminius.\n\nLucius Aemilius Paulus and Gaius Terentius Varro.\n\nTiberius Sempronius Gracchus and Quintus Fabius Maximus III.\n\nQuintus Fabius Maximus IV and Marcus Marcellus II.\n\nQuintus Fabius Maximus and Titus Sempronius Gracchus.\n\nQuintus Fulvius Flaccus III and Appius Claudius Pulcher III.\n\nGnaeus Fulvius Centumalus and Publius Sulpicius Galba.\n\nMarcus Marcellus III and Marcus Valerius Laevinus.\n\nQuintus Fabius V and Quintus Fulvius Flaccus IV.\n\nMarcus Marcellus IV and Titus Quinctius.\n\nGaius Claudius Nero and Marcus Livius Salinator.\n\nLucius Veturius Philo and Quintus Caecilius Metellus.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":20,"ref":"p20","source":"P. [Cusp., Cornelius] Scipio et P. Licinius Lrisstis.\n\nM. Cornelius Cethegus et P Sempronius Tuditanus,\n\nCn. Servilius Caepio et Cn Servilius Germinus\n\nM. [Cusp., Aurelius] Servilius Geminus etT. Clau dius Nero.\n\nCn. Cornelius Lentulus et P. Ælius Pjetus.\n\nP. Sulpicius Galba et C. Aurelius Cotta.\n\nL. Cornelius Lentulus et P. Villiul [Cusp., Julius Apulus].\n\nSex. iElius Pætus, et T. Quinctius Flaminius.\n\n[Cusp., Cn. Cornelius et II Minutius].\n\nP. Furius et M. [Cusp., Claudius] Marcellus.\n\nL. Valerius Flaccus et M. Porcius Cato.\n\nP. [Cusp., Cornelius] Scipio Africanus II et Tit. Sempronius Longus.\n\nL. Cornelius Merula et Qu. Minucius Thermus.\n\nL. Quinctius et Cn. Domitius Ahenoborbus.\n\nP. Cornelius Scipio Nasica et M. Acilius Glabrio.\n\nL. Cornelius Scipio et C. Laelius Africauus.\n\nII. Fulvius Nohilior et Cn. Manlius Vulso.\n\nM. Valerius Messala cl C. Livius Salinator.","english":"Publius Cornelius Scipio and Publius Licinius Crassus.\n\nMarcus Cornelius Cethegus and Publius Sempronius Tuditanus.\n\nGnaeus Servilius Caepio and Gnaeus Servilius Geminus.\n\nMarcus Aurelius Servilius Geminus and Titus Claudius Nero.\n\nGnaeus Cornelius Lentulus and Publius Aelius Paetus.\n\nPublius Sulpicius Galba and Gaius Aurelius Cotta.\n\nLucius Cornelius Lentulus and Publius Villius Julius Apulus.\n\nSextus Aelius Paetus and Titus Quinctius Flamininus.\n\nGnaeus Cornelius and Marcus Minucius.\n\nPublius Furius and Marcus Claudius Marcellus.\n\nLucius Valerius Flaccus and Marcus Porcius Cato.\n\nPublius Cornelius Scipio Africanus II and Titus Sempronius Longus.\n\nLucius Cornelius Merula and Quintus Minucius Thermus.\n\nLucius Quinctius and Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus.\n\nPublius Cornelius Scipio Nasica and Marcus Acilius Glabrio.\n\nLucius Cornelius Scipio and Gaius Laelius Africanus.\n\nMarcus Fulvius Nobilior and Gnaeus Manlius Vulso.\n\nMarcus Valerius Messala and Gaius Livius Salinator.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":21,"ref":"p21","source":"M. Æmilius Lepidus et C. Flaminius.\n\nSp. Posthumius Albinus et Q. M.rcius Philippus.\n\nHis coss. athletarum certamina primum a Fulvio edita.\n\nAp. Claudius Pulcher et M. SemproniUs Tuditanus.\n\nP. Claudius Pulcher et L. Porcius Licinus.\n\nM. Claudius Marcellus et Q. Fabius Labeo.\n\nHis cos.. Hannibal apud Prusiam veneno periit.\n\nL. Æmilius Paulus et Cn. Bæbius Tamphilus.\n\nP. Cornelius Lentulus et M. Bæbius Tamphilus.\n\nA Posthumius Albinus et C. Calpurnius Piso.\n\nQ. Fulvius et L. Manlius.\n\nII. Junius et Cn. Manlius.\n\nT. Sempronius et C. Claudius.\n\nCn. Cornelius et Qu. Petillius.\n\nM. Lepidus et P. Mucius.\n\nSp. Posthumius et Q. Mucius.\n\nL. Posthumius Albinus et M. Popillius.\n\nC. Popillius et P. Ælius.\n\nP. Licinius et C. Cassius.\n\nC. Hostilius Mancinus et C. Atilius.\n\nL. Marcius Philippus et Q. Servilius.\n\nL. Paulus II [Cusp., i£milius] et C. Licinius.","english":"Marcus Aemilius Lepidus and Gaius Flaminius.\n\nSpurius Postumius Albinus and Quintus Marcius Philippus.\n\nIn their consulship the contests of athletes were first put on by Fulvius.\n\nAppius Claudius Pulcher and Marcus Sempronius Tuditanus.\n\nPublius Claudius Pulcher and Lucius Porcius Licinus.\n\nMarcus Claudius Marcellus and Quintus Fabius Labeo.\n\nIn their consulship Hannibal perished by poison at the court of Prusias.\n\nLucius Aemilius Paulus and Gnaeus Baebius Tamphilus.\n\nPublius Cornelius Lentulus and Marcus Baebius Tamphilus.\n\nAulus Postumius Albinus and Gaius Calpurnius Piso.\n\nQuintus Fulvius and Lucius Manlius.\n\nGaius Junius and Gnaeus Manlius.\n\nTitus Sempronius and Gaius Claudius.\n\nGnaeus Cornelius and Quintus Petillius.\n\nMarcus Lepidus and Publius Mucius.\n\nSpurius Postumius and Quintus Mucius.\n\nLucius Postumius Albinus and Marcus Popillius.\n\nGaius Popillius and Publius Aelius.\n\nPublius Licinius and Gaius Cassius.\n\nGaius Hostilius Mancinus and Gaius Atilius.\n\nLucius Marcius Philippus and Quintus Servilius.\n\nLucius Paulus II [Aemilius] and Gaius Licinius.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":22,"ref":"p22","source":"Q. Ælius Paetus et M. Junius.\n\nM. Marcellus [Cusp., Claudius] et C. Sulpicius.\n\nCn. Octavius et Tit. Manlius.\n\nA. Manlius et Q. Cassius.\n\nT. Sempronius et M. Juventius.\n\nP. Scipio Nasica et C. Marcius.\n\nM. Mesala et C. Fannius.\n\nL. Anicius et M. Cornelius.\n\nC. Cornelius Dolabella et M. Fulvius.\n\nM. i£ milius et C. Popillius.\n\nHis coss. metalla in Macedonia instituta.\n\nSex. Julius et L. Aurelius.\n\nL. Lentulus et C. Marcius.\n\nP. Scipio et M. Claudius.\n\nL. Posthumius et Qu. Opimius.\n\nQ. Fulvius et T. Annius.\n\nHi primi consules calendis Januariis magistratum inierunt propter subitum Celtiberiæ bellum.\n\nM. [Cusp., Claudius] Marcellus et L. Valerius.\n\nL. [Cusp., Licinius] Lucullus et A. Posthumius.\n\nL. Quinctius et M. Acilius.\n\nL. Marcius et M. Manilius.\n\nSp. Posthumius et L. [Cusp., Calpburnius] Piso.\n\nP. Africanus etC. Livius.\n\nCii. Cornelius et L. Mummius.","english":"Quintus Aelius Paetus and Marcus Junius.\n\nMarcus Marcellus and Gaius Sulpicius.\n\nGnaeus Octavius and Titus Manlius.\n\nAulus Manlius and Quintus Cassius.\n\nTitus Sempronius and Marcus Juventius.\n\nPublius Scipio Nasica and Gaius Marcius.\n\nMarcus Messala and Gaius Fannius.\n\nLucius Anicius and Marcus Cornelius.\n\nGaius Cornelius Dolabella and Marcus Fulvius.\n\nMarcus Aemilius and Gaius Popillius.\n\nIn their consulship the mines were established in Macedonia.\n\nSextus Julius and Lucius Aurelius.\n\nLucius Lentulus and Gaius Marcius.\n\nPublius Scipio and Marcus Claudius.\n\nLucius Postumius and Quintus Opimius.\n\nQuintus Fulvius and Titus Annius.\n\nThese were the first consuls to enter office on the Kalends of January, on account of the sudden war with the Celtiberians.\n\nMarcus Claudius Marcellus and Lucius Valerius.\n\nLucius Licinius Lucullus and Aulus Postumius.\n\nLucius Quinctius and Marcus Acilius.\n\nLucius Marcius and Marcus Manilius.\n\nSpurius Postumius and Lucius Calpurnius Piso.\n\nPublius Africanus and Gaius Livius.\n\nGnaeus Cornelius and Lucius Mummius.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":23,"ref":"p23","source":"Q. Fabius Maximus et L. Hostilius.\n\nSer. Galba et L. Aurelius.\n\nApp. Claudius et Q. Metellus.\n\nL. [Cusp., Caecilius] et Qu. Maximus.\n\nCn. [Cusp., Servilius] Cæpio et Qu. Pompeius.\n\nCn. [Cusp., Servilius] Cæpio et C. Laelius.\n\nCn. Piso et M. Popillius [Cusp., Laenas].\n\nP. Scipio et D. [Cusp., Junius] Brutus.\n\nII. Æmilius et C. llostilius Mancinus.\n\nP. Furius et Ses. Atilius Serranus.\n\nSer. Fulvius et Q. Calpurnius.\n\nlIis coss. Æmilianus Scipio ob Numanlinum bellum, cum randidatus non esset, consul creatur.\n\nP. Africanus et C. Fulvius Flaccus.\n\nC. Mucius et L. Calpurnius.\n\nP. Popillius et P. Rupilius [Cusp., Sulpirius].\n\nP. Crassus et L. Valerius Flaccus.\n\nApp. Claudius et M. Perperna.\n\nC. Sempronius et M. Aquillius.\n\nCn. Octavius et T. Annius.\n\nL. Cassius et L. Cinna.\n\nM. iEmilius et L. Aurelius.\n\nM. Plautius et M. Fulvius.\n\nC. Cassius Longinus etC. Sextius [Cusp., Domitius].","english":"Quintus Fabius Maximus and Lucius Hostilius.\n\nServius Galba and Lucius Aurelius.\n\nAppius Claudius and Quintus Metellus.\n\nLucius Caecilius and Quintus Maximus.\n\nGnaeus Servilius Caepio and Quintus Pompeius.\n\nGnaeus Servilius Caepio and Gaius Laelius.\n\nGnaeus Piso and Marcus Popillius Laenas.\n\nPublius Scipio and Decimus Junius Brutus.\n\nLucius Aemilius and Gaius Hostilius Mancinus.\n\nPublius Furius and Sextus Atilius Serranus.\n\nServius Fulvius and Quintus Calpurnius.\n\nIn the consulship of these men, Aemilianus Scipio, though he was not a candidate, was created consul on account of the Numantine war.\n\nPublius Africanus and Gaius Fulvius Flaccus.\n\nGaius Mucius and Lucius Calpurnius.\n\nPublius Popillius and Publius Rupilius.\n\nPublius Crassus and Lucius Valerius Flaccus.\n\nAppius Claudius and Marcus Perperna.\n\nGaius Sempronius and Marcus Aquillius.\n\nGnaeus Octavius and Titus Annius.\n\nLucius Cassius and Lucius Cinna.\n\nMarcus Aemilius and Lucius Aurelius.\n\nMarcus Plautius and Marcus Fulvius.\n\nGaius Cassius Longinus and Gaius Sextius.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":24,"ref":"p24","source":"Q. Caecilius et T. Quinctius.\n\nCn. Domitius et C. Fannius.\n\nHis. coss. Sextius oppidum aedificavit, in qua Aquae Sextiæ in Galliis.\n\nL. Opimius et Q. [Cusp., Fabius] Malimus.\n\nP. Manilius et C. Paprius.\n\nL. Caecilius et L. Aurelius.\n\nM. [Cusp., Porcius]Cato et Q. Marcius.\n\nL. Cæcilius et Q. Mucius.\n\nC. Licinius Geta et Qu. Maximus.\n\nM. Metellus et M. Scaurus.\n\nHis coss. L. Metellus et Cn. Domitius censores artem ludicram ex Urbe removerunt, præter Latinum tibicinem cum canlore, et ludum talorum [Cusp., dalanum].\n\nM. Acilius Balbus et C. [Cusp., Porcius] Cato.\n\nC. Caecilius et Cn. Papirius.\n\nM. Livius Drusus et L.Tiso [Cusp., Cesonianus].\n\nP. Scipio et L. Calpurnius Bestia.\n\nSp. Posthumius et M. Minucius.\n\nQ. [Cusp., Cæcilius] Mctellus et M. [Cusp., Junius] Silanus.\n\nSer. Galba et M. [Cusp., Aurelius] Scaorus.\n\nL. Cassius et C. Marius.","english":"Quintus Caecilius and Titus Quinctius.\n\nGnaeus Domitius and Gaius Fannius.\n\nIn their consulship Sextius built the town in which are the Aquae Sextiae in Gaul.\n\nLucius Opimius and Quintus [Cusp., Fabius] Malimus.\n\nPublius Manilius and Gaius Paprius.\n\nLucius Caecilius and Lucius Aurelius.\n\nMarcus [Cusp., Porcius] Cato and Quintus Marcius.\n\nLucius Caecilius and Quintus Mucius.\n\nGaius Licinius Geta and Quintus Maximus.\n\nMarcus Metellus and Marcus Scaurus.\n\nIn their consulship Lucius Metellus and Gnaeus Domitius, as censors, removed the theatrical profession from the City, except for the Latin piper with his singer, and the game of knucklebones [Cusp., dalanum].\n\nMarcus Acilius Balbus and Gaius [Cusp., Porcius] Cato.\n\nGaius Caecilius and Gnaeus Papirius.\n\nMarcus Livius Drusus and Lucius Tiso [Cusp., Cesonianus].\n\nPublius Scipio and Lucius Calpurnius Bestia.\n\nSpurius Posthumius and Marcus Minucius.\n\nQuintus [Cusp., Caecilius] Metellus and Marcus [Cusp., Junius] Silanus.\n\nServius Galba and Marcus [Cusp., Aurelius] Scaurus.\n\nLucius Cassius and Gaius Marius.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":25,"ref":"p25","source":"Q. Servillius et C. Atilius Serranus.\n\nHis coss. per Servilium Caepionem consulem judicia equitibus et Senatoribus communicata sunt.\n\nP. Rutilius Rufus et C. Manilius.\n\nC. Marius II et C. [Cusp., Flaccus] Flavius -Fimbria.\n\nC. Marius III et L. Aurelius Orestes.\n\nC. Marius iv et Qu. Lutatius.\n\nC. Marius v et M. Aquillius.\n\nC. Marius vi et L. Valerius Flaccus.\n\nM. Antonius etA. Posthumius.\n\nQ. Metellus et T. Didius.\n\nCn. [Cusp., Cornelius] Lentulus et P. Crassus.\n\nCn. Domitius et C. Cassius.\n\nI!s coss. Ptolemæus Ægypti rex [Cusp., Cyrenis mortuus] populum Romanum hæredem reliquit.\n\nP. Crassus et Q. Scaevola.\n\nC. Caelius et L. Domitius.\n\nC. Valerius Flaccus et M. Herenmus.\n\nC. Claudius Pulcher et M. Perpenna.\n\nL. Marcius et Sex. Julius.\n\nL. Cæsar et C. Rutilius Lupus.\n\nCn. Pompeius et L. Porcius Cato.\n\n-I.. [Cusp., Cornelius] Sylla et Q. Pompeius.","english":"Quintus Servilius and Gaius Atilius Serranus.\n\nIn their consulship, through the consul Servilius Caepio, the courts were shared between the equestrians and the senators.\n\nPublius Rutilius Rufus and Gaius Manilius.\n\nGaius Marius, consul for the second time, and Gaius Flavius Fimbria.\n\nGaius Marius, consul for the third time, and Lucius Aurelius Orestes.\n\nGaius Marius, consul for the fourth time, and Quintus Lutatius.\n\nGaius Marius, consul for the fifth time, and Manius Aquillius.\n\nGaius Marius, consul for the sixth time, and Lucius Valerius Flaccus.\n\nMarcus Antonius and Aulus Postumius.\n\nQuintus Metellus and Titus Didius.\n\nGnaeus Cornelius Lentulus and Publius Crassus.\n\nGnaeus Domitius and Gaius Cassius.\n\nIn their consulship, Ptolemy, king of Egypt, having died at Cyrene, left the Roman people as his heir.\n\nPublius Crassus and Quintus Scaevola.\n\nGaius Caelius and Lucius Domitius.\n\nGaius Valerius Flaccus and Marcus Herennius.\n\nGaius Claudius Pulcher and Marcus Perperna.\n\nLucius Marcius and Sextus Julius.\n\nLucius Caesar and Gaius Rutilius Lupus.\n\nGnaeus Pompeius and Lucius Porcius Cato.\n\nLucius Cornelius Sulla and Quintus Pompeius.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":26,"ref":"p26","source":"L. [Cusp., Cornelius] Cinna et Cn. Octavius.\n\nL. Cinna II et C. Marius VII.\n\nL. Cinna III et Cn. Papirius.\n\nL. Cinna iv et Cn. Papirius II.\n\nHis coss. Asiim in quadraginta regiones Sylla distribuit.\n\nL. Scipio et C. Norbanus.\n\nHis coss. Capitolium custodum negligentia concrematur.\n\nCn. [Cusp., Papyrius] Carbo III et C. Marius.\n\nM. [Cusp., Sylvius] Tullius et Cn. Dolabella.\n\nL. [Cusp., Cornelius] Sylla II etQ. Metellus.\n\nP. Servilius et App. [Cusp., Cornelius] Claudius.\n\nM. [Cusp., yEmilius] Lepidus et Q. Catulus [Cusp. Luctatius].\n\nM. Æmilius et D. Brutus.\n\nCn. Octavius et C. Curio.\n\nL. Octavius et C. [Cusp., Aurelius] Colla.\n\nL. Licinius Lucullus et M. [Ctup., Aurelinsl Corta.\n\nM. Lucullus et C. Cassius.\n\nL. Gellius et Cn. Lentulus.\n\nCn. Aufidius et P. [Cusp., Cornelius] Lentulus.\n\nM. [Cusp., Licinius] Crassus et Cn. Pompeius.\n\nQu. Metellus et Qu. Hortensius.","english":"Lucius Cinna and Gnaeus Octavius.\n\nLucius Cinna II and Gaius Marius VII.\n\nLucius Cinna III and Gnaeus Papirius.\n\nLucius Cinna IV and Gnaeus Papirius II.\n\nIn their consulship, Sulla divided Asia into forty regions.\n\nLucius Scipio and Gaius Norbanus.\n\nIn their consulship, the Capitol was burned through the negligence of its guards.\n\nGnaeus Carbo III and Gaius Marius.\n\nMarcus Tullius and Gnaeus Dolabella.\n\nLucius Sulla II and Quintus Metellus.\n\nPublius Servilius and Appius Claudius.\n\nMarcus Lepidus and Quintus Catulus.\n\nMarcus Aemilius and Decimus Brutus.\n\nGnaeus Octavius and Gaius Curio.\n\nLucius Octavius and Gaius Cotta.\n\nLucius Licinius Lucullus and Marcus Cotta.\n\nMarcus Lucullus and Gaius Cassius.\n\nLucius Gellius and Gnaeus Lentulus.\n\nGnaeus Aufidius and Publius Lentulus.\n\nMarcus Crassus and Gnaeus Pompeius.\n\nQuintus Metellus and Quintus Hortensius.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":27,"ref":"p27","source":"His coss. a Q. Catulo reparatum dedicatumque Capitolium est.\n\nL. Metellus et Qu. Marcius.\n\nC. Piso fCusp., Calphurnius] et M. Glabrio.\n\nM. Lepidus et L. Torquatus.\n\nM. Lepidus et L. Volcatius.\n\nL. Cæsar et Q. Marcius.\n\nM. [Cusp., Tullius] Cicero et C. Antonius.\n\nD. [Cusp., Junius] Silanus et L. Muræna.\n\nM. Pupius et M. Valerius.\n\nHis coss. Catilina in agro Pistoriensi a C. Antonio bello peremptus est.\n\nQu. Metellus et L. Afranius.\n\nC. [Cusp., Julius] Caesar et M. [Cusp., Calphurnins] Bibulus.\n\nL. Piso Cusp., Calphurnius] et A. Gabinius.\n\nHis coss. Clodii rogatione Cicero in exsilium est profectus.\n\nP. Lentulus et Qu. Metellus.\n\nHis coss. propter civiles dissensiones per SC. de exsilio Cicero revocatur.\n\nCn. Lentulus et L. [Cusp., Marcius] Philippus.\n\nCn. Pompeius et M. [Cusp., Licinius] Crassus.\n\nApp. Claudius et L. Domitius.\n\nCn. Domitius et M. Messala.","english":"In their consulship the Capitol was restored and dedicated by Quintus Catulus.\n\nLucius Metellus and Quintus Marcius.\n\nGaius Piso and Marcus Glabrio.\n\nMarcus Lepidus and Lucius Torquatus.\n\nMarcus Lepidus and Lucius Volcatius.\n\nLucius Caesar and Quintus Marcius.\n\nMarcus Tullius Cicero and Gaius Antonius.\n\nDecimus Junius Silanus and Lucius Murena.\n\nMarcus Pupius and Marcus Valerius.\n\nIn their consulship Catiline was slain in war by Gaius Antonius in the territory of Pistorium.\n\nQuintus Metellus and Lucius Afranius.\n\nGaius Julius Caesar and Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus.\n\nLucius Piso and Aulus Gabinius.\n\nIn their consulship, by the rogation of Clodius, Cicero departed into exile.\n\nPublius Lentulus and Quintus Metellus.\n\nIn their consulship, on account of civil dissensions, by a decree of the senate Cicero was recalled from exile.\n\nGnaeus Lentulus and Lucius Marcius Philippus.\n\nGnaeus Pompeius and Marcus Licinius Crassus.\n\nAppius Claudius and Lucius Domitius.\n\nGnaeus Domitius and Marcus Messala.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":28,"ref":"p28","source":"Cn. Pompeius et Q. Metellus.\n\nM. [Cusp.. ClaudiusJ Marce:lus et Ser. Sulpicius.\n\nL. [Cusp., Æmilius] Paulus et M. Marcellus.\n\nL. Lentulus et C. Marcellus.\n\nHis coss. perniciosæ in curia conflantur de Pompeio Cæsareque discordiae. Sed C. Julius C:csar de Galliis veniens Pompeium fugavit Italia; aurum atque argentum Romae de aerario sustulit, ac primus Romanorum singulare obtinuit imperium, a quo Caesares Romani principes appellati. Imperavit auteio annis quatuor, mensibus sex. Sub quo hi consules fuerunt.\n\nIMPERATORES ROMANI.\n\nc. JULIUS CÆSAR I.\n\nC. Julius Cæsar II et P. Servilius.\n\nQ. Fusius et P. Vatinius.\n\nliis coss. Caesar Pompeium Pharsalico prælio superavit; Pompeius fugiens in Ægyptum occisus est [Cusp., a Theodolo milite].\n\nC. Julius Cæsar III et M. [Cusp., Æmilius] Lepidus.\n\nC. Julius Caesar IV et Fabius, Maximus.\n\nHis coss. C. Julius Caesar per quatriduum triumpbavit.","english":"Gnaeus Pompeius and Quintus Metellus.\n\nMarcus Claudius Marcellus and Servius Sulpicius.\n\nLucius Aemilius Paulus and Marcus Marcellus.\n\nLucius Lentulus and Gaius Marcellus.\n\nIn their consulship, pernicious discords between Pompey and Caesar were kindled in the senate house. But Gaius Julius Caesar, coming from the Gauls, drove Pompey from Italy; he took the gold and silver from the treasury at Rome, and he was the first of the Romans to obtain sole rule, from whom the Roman emperors are called Caesars. He ruled for four years and six months. Under him these were the consuls.\n\nROMAN EMPERORS.\n\nGaius Julius Caesar I.\n\nGaius Julius Caesar II and Publius Servilius.\n\nQuintus Fusius and Publius Vatinius.\n\nIn their consulship Caesar overcame Pompey in the battle of Pharsalus; Pompey, fleeing, was killed in Egypt by Theodolus, a soldier.\n\nGaius Julius Caesar III and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus.\n\nGaius Julius Caesar IV and Fabius Maximus.\n\nIn their consulship Gaius Julius Caesar celebrated a triumph for four days.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":29,"ref":"p29","source":"C. J lius Caesar v et M. Antonius.\n\nHis coss. M. Antonius Lupercalibus sella aurea sedenti Caesari diadema renuenti imposuit, atque idihus Martiis Caesar in Pompeiana curia occisus est; cui successit Octavianus Caesar, qui regnavit annis quinquaginta sex, mensibus sex. Per quae tempora hi consules exstiterunt.\n\nOCTAVIANUS AUGUSTUS IL\n\nC. Pansa et A. Hirtius.\n\nlIis coss. Caesar Octavianus, Antonius et Lepidus arricitiæ foedus inierunt; M. Cicero per Popillium ini'item Cajetae occisus est annorum [Cusp., 63]. Cæsar Octavianus forum Augustum aedificavit.\n\nM. Lepidus et L. Plancus.\n\nP. Servilius II ct L. Antonius.\n\nC. Domitius et C. Asinius.\n\nL. Censorinus et C. Calvisius.\n\nApp. Claudius et C. Norbanus.\n\nII. Agrippa et L. Caninius [ Cusp., Gallus].\n\nHis coss. lacus Lucrinus in portum conversus est.\n\nL. Gellius [Cusp., Publicola] et M. Cocceius.","english":"Gaius Julius Caesar for the fifth time and Marcus Antonius.\n\nIn their consulship, at the Lupercalia, Marcus Antonius placed a diadem on Gaius Caesar as he sat on a golden chair and refused it, and on the Ides of March Caesar was killed in the Curia of Pompey; he was succeeded by Octavianus Caesar, who reigned for fifty-six years and six months. During these times the following were consuls.\n\nOCTAVIANUS AUGUSTUS II\n\nGaius Pansa and Aulus Hirtius.\n\nIn their consulship, Caesar Octavianus, Antonius, and Lepidus entered into the alliance of the triumvirate; Marcus Cicero was killed at Caieta by Popillius, aged sixty-three. Caesar Octavianus built the Forum of Augustus.\n\nMarcus Lepidus and Lucius Plancus.\n\nPublius Servilius for the second time and Lucius Antonius.\n\nGaius Domitius and Gaius Asinius.\n\nLucius Censorinus and Gaius Calvisius.\n\nAppius Claudius and Gaius Norbanus.\n\nMarcus Agrippa and Lucius Caninius.\n\nIn their consulship, the Lucrine Lake was converted into a harbor.\n\nLucius Gellius and Marcus Cocceius.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":30,"ref":"p30","source":"Sex. Pompeius et L. Cornificius.\n\nL. Scribonius et L. Atracinus.\n\nC. Caesar et L. Volcatius.\n\nCn. Domitius et C. Sosius.\n\nC. Cæsar II et M. Messalla.\n\nHis coss. apud Actium M. Antonius a Caesarc superatur.\n\nC. Cæsar III et M. [Cusp., Licinius] Crassus.\n\nnis coss. Nicopolim Caesar construit, ludos Actiacos instituit. Antonius a Caesare praelio peremptus, Alexandriae in mausoleo cum Cleopatra reconditur.\n\nC. Caesar iv et Sex. Appuleius.\n\nC. Caesar v et M. Agrippa II.\n\nHis coss. Parthorum dissensiones per Cæsarem sedatae sunt.\n\nC. Cæsar vi et M. Agrippa III.\n\nCæsar leges protulit, judices ordinavit, provinciasdisposuit; et ideo Angustos cognominatus est.\n\nCujus temporibus floruerunt Virgilius, Horatius et Livius.\n\nC. Augustus Caesar VII et T. Statilius.\n\nC. Augustus Caesar VIII et M. Silanus.\n\nHis coss. Cantabros [Cusp.,Astures], Germanos, Salassos Caesar perdoinuit.","english":"Sextus Pompeius and Lucius Cornificius.\n\nLucius Scribonius and Lucius Atracinus.\n\nGaius Caesar and Lucius Volcatius.\n\nGnaeus Domitius and Gaius Sosius.\n\nGaius Caesar for the second time and Marcus Messalla.\n\nIn their consulship, at Actium Marcus Antonius was defeated by Caesar.\n\nGaius Caesar for the third time and Marcus Crassus.\n\nIn their consulship Caesar built Nicopolis and instituted the Actian games. Antonius, slain in battle by Caesar, was laid to rest at Alexandria in the mausoleum with Cleopatra.\n\nGaius Caesar for the fourth time and Sextus Appuleius.\n\nGaius Caesar for the fifth time and Marcus Agrippa for the second time.\n\nIn their consulship the dissensions of the Parthians were quieted by Caesar.\n\nGaius Caesar for the sixth time and Marcus Agrippa for the third time.\n\nCaesar brought forth laws, established the courts, and arranged the provinces; and for this reason he was surnamed Augustus.\n\nIn his times flourished Virgil, Horace, and Livy.\n\nGaius Augustus Caesar for the seventh time and Titus Statilius.\n\nGaius Augustus Caesar for the eighth time and Marcus Silanus.\n\nIn their consulship Caesar subdued the Cantabrians, Germans, and Salassi.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":31,"ref":"p31","source":"C. Augustus Cæsar ix etC. Norbanus.\n\nIlis coss. Astures et Cantabros per L. Lamiam Cæsar perdomuit.\n\nC. Augustus Caesar et Cn. Piso.\n\nM. Marcellus et L. Arruntius.\n\nM. Lollius et Q. Lopidus [Cusp., Æmilius].\n\nM. Appuleius et P. Silibs.\n\nHis coss. aquilas et signa Crassiana de Parthis Cæsarrecepit.\n\nC. Sentius et Qu. Lucretius.\n\nHis coss. Cæsari ex provinciis redeunti currus cum corona aurea decretus est, quo ascendere noluit.\n\nCn. Lentulus et P. Lentulus.\n\nC. Furnius et C. Silanus.\n\nL. Domitius et P. Scipio.\n\nM. Drusus et L. Piso.\n\nCn. Lentulus et M. Crassus.\n\nTiberius Nero et P. Quinctilius.\n\nM. Messalla et P. Sulpicius.\n\nPaulus Fabius et Qu. i£lius [Cusp., Tubero].\n\nJulius Antonius et Africanus Fabius.\n\nDrusus Nero ei L. QuinCtius (Cusp., Crispinus].\n\nHis coss. apud Lingonum gentem templum Cæsari Drusus sacravit.\n\nC. Asinius et C. Marcius [Cusp., Censorinus,.","english":"Gaius Augustus Caesar for the ninth time and Gaius Norbanus.\n\nIn their consulship Caesar subdued the Astures and Cantabri through Lucius Lamia.\n\nGaius Augustus Caesar and Gnaeus Piso.\n\nMarcus Marcellus and Lucius Arruntius.\n\nMarcus Lollius and Quintus Lepidus.\n\nMarcus Appuleius and Publius Silius.\n\nIn their consulship Caesar recovered from the Parthians the eagles and standards of Crassus.\n\nGaius Sentius and Quintus Lucretius.\n\nIn their consulship, when Caesar was returning from the provinces, a chariot with a golden crown was decreed for him, which he refused to mount.\n\nGnaeus Lentulus and Publius Lentulus.\n\nGaius Furnius and Gaius Silanus.\n\nLucius Domitius and Publius Scipio.\n\nMarcus Drusus and Lucius Piso.\n\nGnaeus Lentulus and Marcus Crassus.\n\nTiberius Nero and Publius Quinctilius.\n\nMarcus Messalla and Publius Sulpicius.\n\nPaulus Fabius and Quintus Aelius.\n\nJulius Antonius and Africanus Fabius.\n\nDrusus Nero and Lucius Quinctius.\n\nIn their consulship Drusus dedicated a temple to Caesar among the Lingones.\n\nGaius Asinius and Gaius Marcius.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":32,"ref":"p32","source":"Ilis coss. inter Albim et Rhenum Germani omnes Tih. Neroni dediti, per Sex.Appuleium Pannoni subacti.\n\nTib. Nero et Cn. Piso.\n\nD. Lælius ct C. Antistius.\n\nC. Augustus Caesar xt et L. Sylla.\n\nC. Calvisius et L. Passienus.\n\nC. Lentulus et M. Messalla.\n\nIlis coss. Dominus noster Jesus Christus Filius 38G Deit in Dethleem nascitur,anno imperii Augusu 41.\n\nC. Augustus Cæsar III et M. Plautius.\n\nCossus Lentulus et L. Piso.\n\nC. Augustus Cæsar xui et L. Paulus.\n\nP. Vinicius ei P. Alphenus [Cusp., Varus.]\n\nM. Servilius et L. Lamia.\n\nSer. iÆlius etC. Sentius.\n\nCn. Cinna et I,. Valerius.\n\nHis coss. per dies octo Tiberis impetu miseranda clades hominum domorumque fuit.\n\nM. Lepidus ct L. Arruntius.\n\nQ. Caecilius et A. Licinius.\n\nM. Furius ct Sex. Nonius.\n\nQu. Sulpicius et C. Poppacus [Cusp., Pompeius].\n\nP. Dolabella et C. Silanus.\n\nM. Lepidus ctT. Statilius.","english":"In their consulship all the Germans between the Albis and the Rhenus surrendered to Tiberius Nero, and the Pannonians were subdued through Sextus Appuleius.\n\nTiberius Nero and Gnaeus Piso.\n\nDecimus Laelius and Gaius Antistius.\n\nGaius Augustus Caesar for the eleventh time and Lucius Sylla.\n\nGaius Calvisius and Lucius Passienus.\n\nGaius Lentulus and Marcus Messalla.\n\nIn their consulship our Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, was born in Bethlehem, in the forty-first year of the reign of Augustus.\n\nGaius Augustus Caesar for the third time and Marcus Plautius.\n\nCossus Lentulus and Lucius Piso.\n\nGaius Augustus Caesar for the sixteenth time and Lucius Paulus.\n\nPublius Vinicius and Publius Alfenus [Cusp., Varus].\n\nMarcus Servilius and Lucius Lamia.\n\nServius Aelius and Gaius Sentius.\n\nGnaeus Cinna and Lucius Valerius.\n\nIn their consulship, through the violence of the Tiber, there was for eight days a lamentable destruction of men and houses.\n\nMarcus Lepidus and Lucius Arruntius.\n\nQuintus Caecilius and Aulus Licinius.\n\nMarcus Furius and Sextus Nonius.\n\nQuintus Sulpicius and Gaius Poppaeus [Cusp., Pompeius].\n\nPublius Dolabella and Gaius Silanus.\n\nMarcus Lepidus and Titus Statilius.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":33,"ref":"p33","source":"Germanicus Cæsar et C. Fonteius.\n\nL. Plancus et C. Silius.\n\nSex. Pompeius et Sex. Appuleius.\n\nHis coss. imp. Augustus obiit [ed. Bross, 77] anno atatis suas, imperii autem [Cusp., semis],\n\nNolae. Huic successit in imperium Tib. Caesar, qui imperavit annis 23. Sub quo bi consules fuernat.\n\nTIB. CÆSAR III.\n\nDrusus Cæsar et C. Norbanus.\n\nSesenna Statilius et L. Scribonius.\n\nHis coss. mathematici Urbe pelluntur.\n\nL. Pomponius et C. Caecilius.\n\nTib. Cæsar et Germanicus C:rsar.\n\nM. Silanus et C. Norbanus.\n\nHis coss. Germanicus Caesar in Syria mortuss.\n\nII. Valerius et M. Aurelius.\n\nTib. Caesar et Drusus Caesar.\n\nD. Ilaterius et C. Sulpicius.\n\nC. Asinius et C. Antistius.\n\nHis coss. Drusus Cæsar publice funera:or.\n\nSer. Cornelius et L. Yisellius.\n\nM. Asinius et Cossus Cornelius.\n\nC. Calvisius et Cn. Getulicus.\n\nL. Piso et M. Crassus.\n\nAp. Silanus et P. Silius.","english":"Germanicus Caesar and Gaius Fonteius.\n\nLucius Plancus and Gaius Silius.\n\nSextus Pompeius and Sextus Appuleius.\n\nIn their consulship the emperor Augustus died at the age of his years, but of his rule [half],\n\nat Nola. He was succeeded in the imperial power by Tiberius Caesar, who reigned 23 years. Under him these were consuls.\n\nTiberius Caesar III.\n\nDrusus Caesar and Gaius Norbanus.\n\nSesenna Statilius and Lucius Scribonius.\n\nIn their consulship the astrologers are expelled from the City.\n\nLucius Pomponius and Gaius Caecilius.\n\nTiberius Caesar and Germanicus Caesar.\n\nMarcus Silanus and Gaius Norbanus.\n\nIn their consulship Germanicus Caesar died in Syria.\n\nValerius II and Marcus Aurelius.\n\nTiberius Caesar and Drusus Caesar.\n\nDecimus Haterius and Gaius Sulpicius.\n\nGaius Asinius and Gaius Antistius.\n\nIn their consulship Drusus Caesar received a public funeral.\n\nServius Cornelius and Lucius Visellius.\n\nMarcus Asinius and Cossus Cornelius.\n\nGaius Calvisius and Gnaeus Getulicus.\n\nLucius Piso and Marcus Crassus.\n\nAppius Silanus and Publius Silius.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":34,"ref":"p34","source":"[Cuspin.,Hoc anno D. noster Jesus Christus? Joanne baptizatur, et prædicare cœpitj\n\nC. Rubellius et C. Fusius.\n\nM. Vinicius et L. Cassius.\n\nTib. Cæsar v [Cusp., et solus] coss.\n\n[Cusp., Domitius et Scribonianus.]\n\nlIis coss. Dominus noster Jesus Chri tus passus est calend. Aprilis, et defectio solis facta esi, qualis aute vel postmodum nunquam fuit.\n\nVinicius et Longinus [Cusp. hos omittit.\n\nSulpicius et Si la.\n\nPersicus et Vitellius.\n\nCallus et Nonianus.\n\nHis coss. Persius Flaccus satyricus poetaVolaterris nascitur.\n\nGalienus et Plautianus.\n\nIlis coss. Tiberius imperator in Campania moritw; cui successit C. Caesar cognomentoCaligula, quiregnavit annis tribus et mensibus 10. Sub quo hi consulcs exstiterunt.\n\nC.CALIGULA IV.\n\nProculus et Nigrinus.\n\nJulianus et Asprenas.\n\nPublicola et Nerva.\n\nISis coss. Pilatus in multas incidens calamitatcs, propria se manu interfecit.","english":"In this year our Lord Jesus Christ was baptized by John and began to preach.\n\nGaius Rubellius and Gaius Fusius.\n\nMarcus Vinicius and Lucius Cassius.\n\nTiberius Caesar for the fifth time [and alone] as consuls.\n\n[Domitius and Scribonianus.]\n\nIn their consulship our Lord Jesus Christ suffered on the Kalends of April, and a solar eclipse occurred, such as there had never been before or afterward.\n\nVinicius and Longinus.\n\nSulpicius and Sila.\n\nPersicus and Vitellius.\n\nGallus and Nonianus.\n\nIn their consulship Persius Flaccus, the satirical poet, was born at Volaterrae.\n\nGalenus and Plautianus.\n\nIn their consulship the emperor Tiberius died in Campania; he was succeeded by Gaius Caesar, surnamed Caligula, who reigned three years and ten months. Under him these were consuls.\n\nGaius Caligula for the fourth time.\n\nProculus and Nigrinus.\n\nJulianus and Asprenas.\n\nPublicola and Nerva.\n\nIn their consulship Pilate, falling into many calamities, killed himself with his own hand.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":35,"ref":"p35","source":"Cæsar et Julianus.\n\nHis coss. C. Caesar cognomento Caligula a protectoribus suis occiditur in palatio an. ætatis 24. Cui successit Claudius, qni imperavit annis mensib. dieb. 28. Sub quo hi consulrs fuerunt.\n\nCLAUDIUS V.\n\nCaesar II et Saturninus.\n\n[ Cusp.,Salurninus] Secundus et Venustus.\n\nHis cuss. Petrus apostolus Romammiatitur, ubi\n\nEvangelium prædicans, annis ejusdea urbis episcopus perseverat.\n\nTiberius et Gallus.\n\nCrispinus et Taurus.\n\nIlis coss. Claudius de Britannis triumphavit, ei Orcadas insulas Romano adjecil imperio.\n\nVinicius et Cornelius.\n\nHis coss. inter Theram et Therasiam exorta est insulahabens stadia 30.\n\nAsiaticus et Cornelius.\n\nHis coss. descriptio Romæ facta est et inventa sunt civium Romanorum contena millia et [Cusp., sexaginta notem cenena. Onuph...., centena millia et 44]. Thracia hucusque regnum in provinciam Aomanorum redigitur.","english":"Caesar and Julianus.\n\nIn their consulship Gaius Caesar, surnamed Caligula, was killed by his guards in the palace in the 24th year of his age. He was succeeded by Claudius, who reigned 13 years, 8 months, and 28 days. Under him these were the consuls.\n\nCLAUDIUS V.\n\nCaesar II and Saturninus.\n\nSecundus and Venustus.\n\nIn their consulship the apostle Peter is sent to Rome, where, preaching the Gospel, he perseveres as bishop of that same city for 25 years.\n\nTiberius and Gallus.\n\nCrispinus and Taurus.\n\nIn their consulship Claudius triumphed over the Britons, and added the Orkney islands to the Roman empire.\n\nVinicius and Cornelius.\n\nIn their consulship an island arose between Thera and Therasia, measuring 30 stades.\n\nAsiaticus and Cornelius.\n\nIn their consulship a census of Rome was taken, and there were found 6,944,000 Roman citizens. Thrace, which had been a kingdom up to this time, is reduced to a province of the Romans.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":36,"ref":"p36","source":"Tiberius II et Vitellius.\n\nVitellius II et Publicola.\n\nVerannius et Gallus.\n\n'Vetus et Servilianus.\n\nClaudius et Orfitus.\n\nS.lvanus et Silvius.\n\nTiberius iit et Antoninus.\n\nSilauus et Otho.\n\nHis coss. Claudius moritur in palatio anne ætatis 64. Huic successit Nero, qui regnavit annis 13, mensib. 7, diebus 28. Sub quo bi consules fuerunt.\n\nNERO CLAUDIUS VI.\n\nSilanus et Antoninus II.\n\nMarcelli nus at Aviola.\n\nHis coss. sanctus Paulus apostolus Romam vinctus a Felice praeside Judææ destinatur. Probus etiam eruditissimus grammaticus Romæ cognoscitur. Ursulus Tholosensis celeberrime in Gallia rhetoricim docet.\n\nNero et Vetas.\n\nNero II et Piso.\n\nNero III et Messalla.\n\nNero IV et Cornelius.\n\nP.us et Turpilianus.\n\nMacrinus et Gallus.\n\nCrassus et Bassus.\n\nHis coss. thermæ a Nerone aedificatas, quas Neronianas appellavit; cujus odio mutato vocabulo, nunc Alexandrinæ nominantur.","english":"Tiberius II and Vitellius.\n\nVitellius II and Publicola.\n\nVerannius and Gallus.\n\nVetus and Servilianus.\n\nClaudius and Orfitus.\n\nSilvanus and Silvius.\n\nTiberius III and Antoninus.\n\nSilvanus and Otho.\n\nIn their consulship Claudius dies in the palace in the 64th year of his age. He was succeeded by Nero, who reigned 13 years, 7 months, and 28 days. Under him these were the consuls.\n\nNERO CLAUDIUS VI.\n\nSilanus and Antoninus II.\n\nMarcellinus and Aviola.\n\nIn their consulship the holy apostle Paul is sent bound to Rome by Felix, governor of Judaea. Probus too, the most learned grammarian, is made known at Rome. Ursulus of Toulouse most famously teaches rhetoric in Gaul.\n\nNero and Vetas.\n\nNero II and Piso.\n\nNero III and Messalla.\n\nNero IV and Cornelius.\n\nPius and Turpilianus.\n\nMacrinus and Gallus.\n\nCrassus and Bassus.\n\nIn their consulship the baths built by Nero, which he called the Neronian, were [dedicated]; when his name was changed out of hatred for him, they are now called the Alexandrian.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":37,"ref":"p37","source":"Sylvanus et PauHinus.\n\nHis coss. Nero, ut similitudinem Trojæ ardentis inspiceret, plurimam partemRomæurbis incen dit.\n\nTelesinus et Appuleius.\n\nHis coss. duce provinciæ factT sunt, Pontus Polemoniacus, et Alpes Cottiæ, Cottio rege defuncto.\n\nCapito et Rufus.\n\nItalicus et Turplianus.\n\nSilvanus et Otho.\n\nII is -coss. Romae sanctus Petrus et Paulus apostoli trucidati sunt a Nerone; qui turpiter vivens, cuin a senatuquærerectur adpœnam, epalatio fugiens ad urbis milliarium in suburbano Nomentana via sese interfecit anno aetatis 32. Cui successit Galba, qui regnavit mensibus7. PoSt hunc Otho mensibus 3, diebns 5. Post Vitellius regnavit mensibus 8, die i. Qui omnes infra scriplos duos consules tenuerunt.\n\nVespasianus et Titus\n\nVespasianus II et Titus II.\n\nHis coss. Vespasianus suscepit imperium; qui regnavit annis 9, mensibus 11, diebns22. Sub quo hi consules fuerunt.","english":"Sylvanus and Paulinus.\n\nIn their consulship Nero, in order to behold a likeness of burning Troy, set fire to the greater part of the city of Rome.\n\nTelesinus and Appuleius.\n\nIn their consulship provinces were made: Pontus Polemoniacus, and the Cottian Alps, after Cottius the king had died.\n\nCapito and Rufus.\n\nItalicus and Turplianus.\n\nSylvanus and Otho.\n\nIn their consulship the holy apostles Peter and Paul were slain at Rome by Nero; who, living shamefully, when he was sought by the senate for punishment, fleeing by flight to the milestone of the city on the suburban Nomentan Way, killed himself in the 32nd year of his age. To him succeeded Galba, who reigned 7 months. After him Otho 3 months, 5 days. After him Vitellius reigned 8 months, 1 day. All these held the two consuls written below.\n\nVespasian and Titus.\n\nVespasian II and Titus II.\n\nIn their consulship Vespasian took up the imperial power; who reigned 9 years, 11 months, 22 days. Under him were these consuls.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":38,"ref":"p38","source":"VESPASIANUS VII.\n\nVespasianus IIIet Nerva.\n\nVespasianus iv et Thus In.\n\nHis coss. Titus filius VespasianiJudæa capta, præter quos gladio interfecit, centum [Cusp., sercenta] millia captivorum publice venundedit.\n\nVespasianus v et Titus IV.\n\nVespasianus VI ei Titus v.\n\nVespasianus VII et Titus vi.\n\nHis eo s. Vespasianus incensum Capitoliumædificareorsus esi.\n\nCommodus et Iturus.\n\nVespasianus vm et Titus VII.\n\nHis coss. colossus erectus cst, habens altitud nis pedes centum et septem.\n\nVespasianus IXet Titus VIII.\n\nSilvanus et Verus.\n\nDomitianus et Messalinus.\n\nHis coss. Vespasianus est mortuus profluvio ventris, in villa propria circa Sabinos, cui Titus-filius ejus succedens, in utraque liugua disertissimus, regnavit aUlis i, mensibus i. Sub quo hi consules fuerunt.\n\nTITUS VESPASIANUS VIII.\n\nDomitianus II et Rufus II.\n\nHis coss. Titus amphitheatrum Roniæ ædificavit, et in dedicatione ejus quinque millia ferarum occidit.","english":"VESPASIAN VII.\n\nVespasian III and Nerva.\n\nVespasian IV and Titus III.\n\nIn their consulship Titus, son of Vespasian, after Judaea was captured, sold publicly as slaves one hundred thousand captives, besides those whom he killed with the sword.\n\nVespasian V and Titus IV.\n\nVespasian VI and Titus V.\n\nVespasian VII and Titus VI.\n\nIn their consulship Vespasian began to rebuild the burned Capitolium.\n\nCommodus and Iturus.\n\nVespasian VIII and Titus VII.\n\nIn their consulship the colossus was erected, having a height of one hundred and seven feet.\n\nVespasian IX and Titus VIII.\n\nSilvanus and Verus.\n\nDomitian and Messalinus.\n\nIn their consulship Vespasian died of a flux of the belly, in his own villa near the Sabines; his son Titus succeeded him, most eloquent in both languages, and reigned eleven years and one month. Under him were these consuls.\n\nTITUS VESPASIAN VIII.\n\nDomitian II and Rufus II.\n\nIn their consulship Titus built the amphitheater at Rome, and at its dedication he killed five thousand wild beasts.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":39,"ref":"p39","source":"Domitianus III et Sabinus.\n\nHis coss. Titus morbo periit in eadein villa qua pater [Cusp., eodem quo pater] ejus, anno ætat. 42. Qui ob insignem mansuetudinem deliciae humani generis appellatus est. Cui successit Domitianus frater Titi junior crudelissimus; qui imperavit annis 15, mensib. 5. Sub quo hi consules fuerunt.\n\nFLAVIUS DOmITIANUS IX.\n\nDomitianus IV et Rufus III.\n\nHis coss. Domitianus eunuchos fieri prohibuit,\n\nDomitianus v et Dolabella.\n\nDomitianus vi et Rufus iv.\n\nFlavius et Trajanus.\n\nDomitianus VII et Nerva.\n\nTrajanus II et Glabrio.\n\nHis coss. primum Domitianns dominum et deum se appellari jussit.\n\nDomitianus VIII et Saturninus.\n\nSilvanus et Priscus.\n\nH coss. Quinctilianus ex Hispania primus Roman scholam publicam et salarium e fisco accepit, et cia ruit.\n\nAsprenas et Clemens.\n\nHis coss. multa moe'na et celeberrima Romac facta sunt, id est Capitolium [Cusp., in quibus Cap. ], fo* rum Transitorium, Divorum porticus, Iseum, Serapium, horrea piperataria, Vespasiani templum, Minervæ Chalcidicæodæum.","english":"Domitian III and Sabinus.\n\nIn their consulship Titus died of illness in the same villa as his father, in the 42nd year of his age. On account of his remarkable gentleness he was called the delight of the human race. He was succeeded by his brother Domitian, younger than Titus and utterly cruel, who reigned 15 years and 5 months. Under him these were the consuls.\n\nFLAVIUS DOMITIAN IX.\n\nDomitian IV and Rufus III.\n\nIn their consulship Domitian forbade men to be made eunuchs.\n\nDomitian V and Dolabella.\n\nDomitian VI and Rufus IV.\n\nFlavius and Trajan.\n\nDomitian VII and Nerva.\n\nTrajan II and Glabrio.\n\nIn their consulship Domitian was the first to order that he be called lord and god.\n\nDomitian VIII and Saturninus.\n\nSilvanus and Priscus.\n\nIn their consulship Quintilian, from Spain, was the first to receive a public school at Rome and a salary from the treasury, and he flourished.\n\nAsprenas and Clemens.\n\nIn their consulship many and very celebrated buildings were made at Rome, that is the Capitolium, the Forum Transitorium, the porticoes of the Divi, the Iseum, the Serapium, the pepper warehouses, the temple of Vespasian, and the Odeum of Minerva Chalcidica.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":40,"ref":"p40","source":"Domitianus IX et Clemens II.\n\nHis coss. insignissima Romae facta sunt, id est forum Trajani, thermae Trajanae, et Titianae, Senatus, ludus Matutinus, Meta aurea, Meta sudans, et Pantheon.\n\nNerva II et Rufus.\n\nFulvius et Vetus.\n\nSabinus et Antoninus,\n\nNerva IIIet Trajanus 111.\n\nSenecio et Palma.\n\nTrajanus iv et Fronto.\n\nIlis coss. Apollonius Tyaneus philosophus insignis habetur. Domitianus occisus in palatio anno aetatis: 5. Cui Nerva succedens, regnat annum unum, menses 4. Sub quo hi consules fuerunt.\n\nNERVA COCCEIUS X.\n\nTrajanus v ctOrfitus.\n\nSenecio II et Sura.\n\nHis coss. Nerva morbo periit in hortis Salustianis anno ætatis 72, cum jam Trajanum adoptasset in filium. Cui succedens imperavit annis 19, mensibus G [Cusp., 4], diebus 15. Sub quo hi consules fuerunt.\n\nD. TRAJANUS XI.\n\nTrajanus vi et Maximus.\n\nSenecio III et Sura II.","english":"Domitian IX and Clemens II.\n\nIn their consulship the most distinguished works were built at Rome, that is, the Forum of Trajan, the Baths of Trajan and of Titus, the Senate House, the Morning School, the Golden Milestone, the Sweating Milestone, and the Pantheon.\n\nNerva II and Rufus.\n\nFulvius and Vetus.\n\nSabinus and Antoninus.\n\nNerva III and Trajan III.\n\nSenecio and Palma.\n\nTrajan IV and Fronto.\n\nIn their consulship Apollonius of Tyana, the distinguished philosopher, was held in honor. Domitian was killed in the palace in the 45th year of his age. Nerva succeeded him and reigned one year and four months. Under him these were the consuls.\n\nNerva Cocceius X.\n\nTrajan V and Orfitus.\n\nSenecio II and Sura.\n\nIn their consulship Nerva died of illness in the Gardens of Sallust in the 72nd year of his age, when he had already adopted Trajan as his son. Trajan succeeded him and reigned 19 years, 4 months, and 15 days. Under him these were the consuls.\n\nD. Trajan XI.\n\nTrajan VI and Maximus.\n\nSenecio III and Sura II.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":41,"ref":"p41","source":"Urbanus et Marcellus.\n\nCandidus et Quadratus.\n\nHis coss. Trajanus de Dacis et Scythis triuinphavit.\n\nCommodus et Cerealis.\n\nIlis coss. Trajanus Hiberos, Saurom atas, Ostœnos, Arabas, Bosphoranos, Colchos in foedus ance pit. Seleuciam, Ctesiphontem et Babylonem occupavit et tenuit.\n\nSenecio IV et Sura III.\n\ntUs coss. Trajanus in mari Rubro classem instiluit, ut per eam Indise fines vastaret.\n\nGallus et Bradua.\n\nAfricanus et Crispinus.\n\nCrispinus II et Solenus.\n\nPiso ct Rusticus.\n\nTrajanus vu et Africanus.\n\nCelsus et Crispinus.\n\nIlis coss. Plinius Secundus Novocomensis orator, et historicus insignis habetur, cujus ingenii plurima opera exstant.\n\nAsta et Piso.\n\nMessalla et Pedo.\n\nÆmilius et Vetns.\n\nNiger ct Apronianus.\n\nHis coss. Trajanus Armeniam, Assyriam et Mesopotamiam provincias fecit.\n\nClarus et Alexander.\n\nHadrianus et Salinator. *","english":"Urbanus and Marcellus.\n\nCandidus and Quadratus.\n\nIn their consulship Trajan celebrated a triumph over the Dacians and Scythians.\n\nCommodus and Cerealis.\n\nIn their consulship Trajan received the Iberians, Sauromatians, Osroenes, Arabs, Bosphorans, and Colchians into a treaty. He occupied and held Seleucia, Ctesiphon, and Babylon.\n\nSenecio IV and Sura III.\n\nIn their consulship Trajan fitted out a fleet on the Red Sea, so that through it he might ravage the territories of India.\n\nGallus and Bradua.\n\nAfricanus and Crispinus.\n\nCrispinus II and Solenus.\n\nPiso and Rusticus.\n\nTrajan VII and Africanus.\n\nCelsus and Crispinus.\n\nIn their consulship Plinius Secundus of Novum Comum is held to be a distinguished orator and historian, whose many works of genius survive.\n\nAsta and Piso.\n\nMessalla and Pedo.\n\nAemilius and Vetus.\n\nNiger and Apronianus.\n\nIn their consulship Trajan made Armenia, Assyria, and Mesopotamia provinces.\n\nClarus and Alexander.\n\nHadrianus and Salinator.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":42,"ref":"p42","source":"HadrianusII et Rusticns.\n\n[Cusp., Servilius] Catilius et Fulvius.\n\nHis coss. Trajanus apud Seleuciam Isauriae profluvio ventris exstinctus est, anno aetatis 63, mense 9, die i. Cujus ossa in urna aurea collocata sub eolumna fori quae [Cusp., quod] ejus nomine vocitatur, recondita suut: cujus columnæ altitude in pedes erigitur. Huic successit Hadrianus utraque lingua peritissimus, Italicæ natus ex consobrina Trajani, qui regnavit annis 20, mensibus 10, diebus [Cusp., 29]. Sub quo hi consules fuerunt.\n\nHADRIANUS XII.\n\nVerus et Augur.\n\nHis coss. Adrianus Alexandriam i Romanis subversam publicis instauravit expensis.\n\nAviola et Pansi.\n\nHis coss. Hadrianus reliqua tributorum urbibus relaxavit, chartis publicis [Cusp., publice) incensis, plurimos etiam ipsis tributis hberos fecit.\n\nPaternus et Torquatus.\n\nHis coss. Plutarchus philosophus insignis babetur.","english":"Hadrian II and Rusticus.\n\nCatilius and Fulvius.\n\nIn their consulship Trajan died at Seleucia in Isauria of a flux of the belly, in the sixty-third year of his age, the ninth month, the first day. His bones, placed in a golden urn, were laid away beneath the column of the forum which is called by his name; the height of this column rises to feet. He was succeeded by Hadrian, most skilled in both languages, born in Italy from the cousin of Trajan, who reigned twenty years, ten months, and days. Under him these were the consuls.\n\nHADRIAN XII.\n\nVerus and Augur.\n\nIn their consulship Hadrian restored Alexandria, destroyed by the Romans, at public expense.\n\nAviola and Pansa.\n\nIn their consulship Hadrian remitted the remaining taxes of the cities, having burned the public records, and even made very many free from the taxes themselves.\n\nPaternus and Torquatus.\n\nIn their consulship Plutarch the philosopher is held distinguished.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":43,"ref":"p43","source":"Glabrio et Apronianus.\n\nHiscoss. Nicomediæ et Nicaenae orbis plurimis terræmotu collapsis, Hadrianus ad instaurationem car um publicas largitur expensas.\n\nAsiaticus et Quintus\n\nVerus et Ambiguus. ilis coss. Athenicnsibus leges petentibus Hadria nus ex Draconis, et Solonis, reliquorumque libra jura composnit.\n\nGallicanus et Titianus.\n\nlIis coss. juxta Eleusinam civitatem in Cephise fluvio Hadrianus pontem constravit.\n\nTorquatus et Libo.\n\nCelsuset Marcellinus.\n\nPontianus et Rufinus [Cusp., Rufus].\n\nAugurinus et Sergianus.\n\nHiberus et Silanus.\n\nIlis coss. Hadrianus a Christianorum persecutione cessavit, et pater patriae est appellatus.\n\nSergianus II et Verus.\n\nPompeianus et Atilianus.\n\nHis coss. templum Romae et Veneris factum est, quod nunc Urbis appellatur.\n\nPompeianus II et Commodus.\n\nHis coss. Hadrianus cum insignes et plurimis ædes Athenis fecisset, agonem edidit, bibliothecamque miri operis exstruxit.","english":"Glabrio and Apronianus.\n\nIn their consulship, when Nicomedia and Nicaea and very many other places in the world had collapsed in an earthquake, Hadrian gave public funds for the restoration of the cities.\n\nAsiaticus and Quintus.\n\nVerus and Ambiguus. In their consulship, when the Athenians sought laws, Hadrian composed a balanced body of law from those of Draco and Solon and the rest.\n\nGallicanus and Titianus.\n\nIn their consulship, near the city of Eleusis, on the river Cephisus, Hadrian built a bridge.\n\nTorquatus and Libo.\n\nCelsus and Marcellinus.\n\nPontianus and Rufinus.\n\nAugurinus and Sergianus.\n\nHiberus and Silanus.\n\nIn their consulship, Hadrian ceased from the persecution of the Christians, and was called Father of the Fatherland.\n\nSergianus II and Verus.\n\nPompeianus and Atilianus.\n\nIn their consulship, the temple of Rome and Venus was built, which is now called the Temple of the City.\n\nPompeianus II and Commodus.\n\nIn their consulship, when Hadrian had made notable buildings and very many houses at Athens, he held games and built a library of wondrous workmanship.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":44,"ref":"p44","source":"L. [Cusp., Sergianus] Ælius et Balbinus.\n\nCamerinus et Niger.\n\nAntoninus et Praesens.\n\nAntoninus II et Praesens II.\n\nSeverus et Sylvanus.\n\nHis coss. Ælia civitas, id est Hierusalem, ab Ælio Hadriano condita est, et in fronte ejus portæ qui Bethleem egredimur, sus sculptus in marmore, significans Romanae potestati subjacere Judaeos.\n\nRufinus ct Torquatus.\n\nHis coss. Hadrianus morbo intercutis aquæ aped Baias moritnr, major sexagenario. Cui successit Antoninus Pius, qui regnavit annis [Cusp. addit, cum liberis suis Aurelio et Lucio annis 22, mensi. bus 31. Sub olo hi consules fuerunt.\n\nANTONINUS PIUS XIII.\n\nTorquatus II et Herodes.\n\nAviola et Maximus.\n\nAntoninus III et Aurelius.\n\nGratus et Seleucus.\n\nHis coss. Justinus philosophus librum pro Christiana religione scriptum tradidit Antonino.\n\nAntoninus IV et Aurelius II.\n\nLargus et Messalianus.","english":"L. Aelius and Balbinus.\n\nCamerinus and Niger.\n\nAntoninus and Praesens.\n\nAntoninus II and Praesens II.\n\nSeverus and Sylvanus.\n\nIn their consulship the city of Aelia, that is Jerusalem, was founded by Aelius Hadrian, and on the front of its gate by which we go out to Bethlehem a sow was carved in marble, signifying that the Jews are subject to Roman power.\n\nRufinus and Torquatus.\n\nIn their consulship Hadrian died at Baiae of dropsy, being more than sixty years old. He was succeeded by Antoninus Pius, who reigned for [with his sons Aurelius and Lucius] 22 years and 31 months. These were consuls under him.\n\nANTONINUS PIUS XIII.\n\nTorquatus II and Herodes.\n\nAviola and Maximus.\n\nAntoninus III and Aurelius.\n\nGratus and Seleucus.\n\nIn their consulship the philosopher Justin delivered to Antoninus a book written in defense of the Christian religion.\n\nAntoninus IV and Aurelius II.\n\nLargus and Messalianus.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":45,"ref":"p45","source":"Torquatus III et Julianus.\n\nOrfitus et Priscus.\n\nGlabrio et Velus.\n\nGordianus et Maximus.\n\nGJabrio et Homulus [Cusp., Romulus].\n\nPraesens et Rufus.\n\nCommodus et Lateranus.\n\nHis coss. Apo lonius stoicus, natione Chalcidicus, et Basilides Scythopolitanus, philosopbi illustres habentur, qui [Cusp., Veri quoque] Caesaris praeceptores fuerunt.\n\nVerus et Sabinus.\n\nSilvanus et Augurinus.\n\nBarbatus et Regulus,\n\nTertullus et Sacerdos.\n\nQuinctillus et Priscus.\n\nVerus II et Bradua.\n\nAntoninus v ct Aurelius III.\n\nP. C. Antonini v et Aurelii III.\n\nHoc tempore Antoninus Pius apud Lorium villam suam duodecimo ab Urbe milliario moritur, anno vitæ 77. Usque ad hcc tempus singuli Augusti fuerunt. Cui successerunt filii sui, id est Marcus Antoninus Verus, et Lucius Annius Antoninus Severus, qui regnaverunt ann. i9. Sub quibus hi consules fuerunt.\n\nM. ANTONINUS VERUS XIV ET L. ANNIUS ANTONINUS SE VERUS.","english":"Torquatus III and Julianus.\n\nOrfitus and Priscus.\n\nGlabrio and Velus.\n\nGordianus and Maximus.\n\nGlabrio and Homulus [Cusp., Romulus].\n\nPraesens and Rufus.\n\nCommodus and Lateranus.\n\nIn their consulship Apollonius the Stoic, a Chalcidian by nation, and Basilides of Scythopolis, illustrious philosophers, are held in esteem; they were the tutors of Caesar Verus also [Cusp.].\n\nVerus and Sabinus.\n\nSilvanus and Augurinus.\n\nBarbatus and Regulus.\n\nTertullus and Sacerdos.\n\nQuinctillus and Priscus.\n\nVerus II and Bradua.\n\nAntoninus V and Aurelius III.\n\nIn the consulship of P. C. Antoninus V and Aurelius III.\n\nAt this time Antoninus Pius dies at Lorium, his villa, twelve miles from the City, in the seventy-seventh year of his life. Up to this time there were single Augusti. He was succeeded by his sons, that is Marcus Antoninus Verus and Lucius Annius Antoninus Severus, who reigned 19 years. Under them these were the consuls.\n\nM. Antoninus Verus XIV and L. Annius Antoninus Severus.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":46,"ref":"p46","source":"Duo Augusti coss.\n\nRusticus et Aquilinus.\n\nHis coss. Lucio Cæsari Athenis sacrificanti ignis in cælo ab occidente in orientem [Cusp., ab oriente. ad occidentem] ferri visus est.\n\nL. iElianus et Pastor.\n\nMacrinus et Celsus.\n\nIlis coss. Fronto orator insignis habetur, qui Marcum Antoninum Latinis litteris erudivit.\n\nOrfitus et Pudens.\n\nHis coss. Lucius Cæsar de Parthis cum fratre Antonino triumpbavit.\n\nPudens II et Pollio.\n\nVerus III et Quadratus.\n\nApronianus et Paullus.\n\nPriscus et Apollinaris.\n\nCethegus et Clarus.\n\nSeverus et lIerennianus.\n\nHis coss. Lucius Annius, Antoninus Severus anno regni undecimo inter Concordiam et Altinum apopleii exstinctus est, sedens cum fratre in vehiculo.\n\nOrfitus et Maximus.\n\nSeverus II et Pompeianus.\n\nGallus et Flaccus.\n\nPiso et Julianus.\n\nPollio et Aper.\n\nCommodus et Quinctillus.\n\nHis coss. Marcus Antoninus Verus imperator Commodum filium suum consortem regni facit.","english":"Two Augusti as consuls.\n\nRusticus and Aquilinus.\n\nIn their consulship, while Lucius Caesar was sacrificing at Athens, fire was seen in the sky being carried from west to east.\n\nL. Aelianus and Pastor.\n\nMacrinus and Celsus.\n\nIn their consulship Fronto, the distinguished orator, is held in esteem, who instructed Marcus Antoninus in Latin letters.\n\nOrfitus and Pudens.\n\nIn their consulship Lucius Caesar celebrated a triumph over the Parthians together with his brother Antoninus.\n\nPudens II and Pollio.\n\nVerus III and Quadratus.\n\nApronianus and Paullus.\n\nPriscus and Apollinaris.\n\nCethegus and Clarus.\n\nSeverus and Herennianus.\n\nIn their consulship Lucius Annius Antoninus Severus, in the eleventh year of his reign, was struck down by apoplexy between Concordia and Altinum, sitting with his brother in a vehicle.\n\nOrfitus and Maximus.\n\nSeverus II and Pompeianus.\n\nGallus and Flaccus.\n\nPiso and Julianus.\n\nPollio and Aper.\n\nCommodus and Quinctillus.\n\nIn their consulship the emperor Marcus Antoninus Verus makes his son Commodus a partner in the rule.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":47,"ref":"p47","source":"Orfitus et Rufus.\n\nHis coss. imperatores cie hostibus triumphant, et pecuniam quae fisco debebatur, provinciis concedentes, tabulas debitorum in medio Romanæ urbis foro incendio concremarunt, ac ne quid bonitatis deesset, severiores quasque leges novis constitutionibus temperarunt.\n\nCommodus ii et Verus n.\n\nHis coss. Antoninus Verus adeo in editione munerum magnificus fuit, ut centum simul leones exhibuerit. Qui post in Pannonia morbo [Cusp., repentino] periit. Commodus filius ejus a senatu Augustus est appellatus, qui regnavit anuis 13. Sub quo hi consules fuerunt.\n\nANTONINUS COMMODUS XV.\n\nPraesens et Gordianus.\n\nCommodus III et Byrrhus.\n\nMamertinus ct Rufus.\n\nCommodus iv et Victorinus.\n\nMarullus et Ælianus.\n\nIlis coss. Thermæ Commodianæ Romæ factæ sunt.\n\nMaternus et Bradua.\n\nCommodus v et Glabrio.\n\nCrispinus et Ælianus.\n\nFuscianus et Silanus.","english":"Orfitus and Rufus.\n\nIn their consulship the emperors triumphed over their enemies, and granting to the provinces the money that was owed to the treasury, they burned the records of debtors with fire in the middle of the forum of the city of Rome; and that nothing of goodness might be lacking, they tempered the harsher laws by new constitutions.\n\nCommodus for the second time and Verus.\n\nIn their consulship Antoninus Verus was so magnificent in the giving of games that he exhibited a hundred lions at once. He afterward died of a sudden disease in Pannonia. His son Commodus was proclaimed Augustus by the senate, and he reigned 13 years. Under him these were the consuls.\n\nAntoninus Commodus for the fifteenth time.\n\nPraesens and Gordianus.\n\nCommodus for the third time and Byrrhus.\n\nMamertinus and Rufus.\n\nCommodus for the fourth time and Victorinus.\n\nMarullus and Aelianus.\n\nIn their consulship the Thermae Commodiana were built at Rome.\n\nMaternus and Bradua.\n\nCommodus for the fifth time and Glabrio.\n\nCrispinus and Aelianus.\n\nFuscianus and Silanus.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":48,"ref":"p48","source":"Duo Silani.\n\nHis coss. Commodus imperator, colossi capite sublato, suæ imaginis caput jussit imponi.\n\nCommodus vi et Septimianus.\n\nApronianus et Bradua.\n\nCommodus VII et Pertinax.\n\nUis coss. Commodus strangulatur in domo Vestiliani. Cui successit Helvius Pertinax. qui regnavit mensibus 6. Sub quo hi consules fuerunt.\n\nHELVIUS PERTINAX XVI.\n\nFalco et Clarus.\n\nIlis coss. Pertinax occiditur in palatio major septuagenario. Cui successit Severus, provincia Tripolitana natus oppido Lepti, solusquo Afer imperator Romanus fuit, qui regnavit annis 18. Sub quo hi consules fuerunt.\n\nSEVERUS XVH.\n\nSeverus et Albinus.\n\nTertullus et Clemens.\n\nDexter et Priscus.\n\nLateranus ct Ruffinus.\n\nSaturuinus et Gallus.\n\nAnnu'inus et Fronlo.\n\nMis coss. Severus Parthos et Adiabenos superavit, Arabesque interiores ita cecidit, ut regionem corum Romanam provinciam faceret. Ob quæ Parthicus, Arabicus et Adiabenicus cognominatus est","english":"Two Silani.\n\nIn their consulship the emperor Commodus, having struck off the head of the colossus, ordered the head of his own image to be placed upon it.\n\nCommodus VI and Septimianus.\n\nApronianus and Bradua.\n\nCommodus VII and Pertinax.\n\nIn their consulship Commodus is strangled in the house of Vestilianus. He was succeeded by Helvius Pertinax, who reigned 6 months. Under him these were the consuls.\n\nHELVIUS PERTINAX XVI.\n\nFalco and Clarus.\n\nIn their consulship Pertinax is killed in the palace, a man more than seventy years old. He was succeeded by Severus, born in the province of Tripolitania in the town of Leptis, and he alone of Africans was a Roman emperor, who reigned 18 years. Under him these were the consuls.\n\nSEVERUS XVH.\n\nSeverus and Albinus.\n\nTertullus and Clemens.\n\nDexter and Priscus.\n\nLateranus and Ruffinus.\n\nSaturninus and Gallus.\n\nAnnulinus and Fronto.\n\nIn their consulship Severus conquered the Parthians and the Adiabenians, and so struck down the inner Arabes that he made their region a Roman province. For these deeds he was surnamed Parthicus, Arabicus, and Adiabenicus.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":49,"ref":"p49","source":"Severus II et Victorinus.\n\nFabianus et Mucianus.\n\nHis coss. Thermæ Severtanæ apud Antiochiam et Romæ factæ, ei Septizonium instructum est.\n\nSevcrus III et Antoninus.\n\nGela et Plautianus.\n\nCilo et Libo.\n\nAntoninus II et Geta II.\n\nAlbinus ct Ælianus.\n\nAper ct Malimus.\n\nHis coss. Severus in Britannos bellum movit, ubi ut rceptas provincias ab incursione barbarica facerel securiores, vallum per [Cusp., 150] passuum millia a mari ad mare duxit.\n\nAntoninus III et Gcta III.\n\nPompeianus et Avitus.\n\nHis coss. Tertullianus Afer Christianorum scriptor celeberrimus babetur.\n\nFaustinus et Rufus.\n\nHis coss. Origenes scriptor Alexandriæ studiis eruditur.\n\nGentianus et Bassus.\n\nmis coss. Severus imperator Eboraci in Britannia moritur. Cui successit Antoninus Caracalla Severi lilius, qui regnavit annis 7. Sub quo bi consules luerunt.\n\nANTONUNUS CARACALLA. XVIII.","english":"Severus II and Victorinus.\n\nFabianus and Mucianus.\n\nIn their consulship the Severan Baths were built at Antioch and at Rome, and the Septizonium was constructed for him.\n\nSeverus III and Antoninus.\n\nGela and Plautianus.\n\nCilo and Libo.\n\nAntoninus II and Geta II.\n\nAlbinus and Aelianus.\n\nAper and Malimus.\n\nIn their consulship Severus moved war against the Britons, where, so that he might make the recovered provinces safer from barbarian incursion, he led a rampart through [Cusp., 150] miles from sea to sea.\n\nAntoninus III and Geta III.\n\nPompeianus and Avitus.\n\nIn their consulship Tertullian the African, the most celebrated writer of the Christians, is held in high esteem.\n\nFaustinus and Rufus.\n\nIn their consulship Origen, a writer of Alexandria, is instructed in his studies.\n\nGentianus and Bassus.\n\nIn their consulship the emperor Severus dies at Eboracum in Britain. He was succeeded by Antoninus Caracalla, the son of Severus, who reigned 7 years. Under him there were these consuls.\n\nANTONINUS CARACALLA. XVIII.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":50,"ref":"p50","source":"Duo Aspri.\n\nAntoninus iv [ Numerus deest in editt. Niv. et Orry. ] c: Balbinus.\n\nMessala et Sabinus.\n\nHis coss. Antoninus Caracalla cognominatur propter genus vestis quod Romæ erogaverat.\n\nLaius ct Caerealis.\n\nSabinus et Venustus.\n\nHis coss. Antoninus Romæ Thermas sui nominis ædificavit.\n\nPræsens et Extricatus.\n\nAntonius ct Adventus.\n\nHis coss. Antoninus interficitur inter EdessamelCarras, anno ætatis 43. Cui successit Macrinus, praefecturam prætorianam gerens: rcguavit autem aonum unum. Sub quo hi consules fuerunt.\n\nMACRINUS XIX.\n\nAntoninus u et Sacerdos.\n\nII coss. Macrinus occiditur in Arch laide. Cui successit M. AureLius Antoninus, qui regnavit annis 4.\n\nSub quo hi consules luerunt.\n\nMARCUS AURELIUS ANTONINUS HELIOGABALUS XX.\n\nAntoninus III et Camazon.\n\nGratus et Seleucus.\n\nIlis coss. Ileliog abalum templum Romæ ædificatur.\n\nAlexander ct Augustus","english":"Two Aspri.\n\nAntoninus IV [the number is missing in the editions of Nivellius and Orry] and Balbinus.\n\nMessala and Sabinus.\n\nIn their consulship Antoninus was given the surname Caracalla because of the kind of garment he had distributed at Rome.\n\nLaius and Caerealis.\n\nSabinus and Venustus.\n\nIn their consulship Antoninus built at Rome the Baths named after himself.\n\nPraesens and Extricatus.\n\nAntonius and Adventus.\n\nIn their consulship Antoninus was killed between Edessa and Carrhae, in the forty-third year of his age. He was succeeded by Macrinus, who was holding the praetorian prefecture; he reigned one year. Under him these were the consuls.\n\nMACRINUS XIX.\n\nAntoninus V and Sacerdos.\n\nIn their consulship Macrinus was killed at Archelaïs. He was succeeded by M. Aurelius Antoninus, who reigned four years.\n\nUnder him these were the consuls.\n\nMARCUS AURELIUS ANTONINUS HELIOGABALUS XX.\n\nAntoninus III and Camazon.\n\nGratus and Seleucus.\n\nIn their consulship the temple of Heliogabalus was built at Rome.\n\nAlexander and Augustus.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":51,"ref":"p51","source":"His coss. in Palaestina Nicopolis, quae prius Emmaus vocabatur, urbs condita est.\n\nMaximus et Ælianus.\n\nHis coss. II. Aurelius Antoninus Romæ occiditur tumultu militari. Cui successit Alexander Mammææ filius, qui regnavit annis 13. Sub quo hi consules fuerunt.\n\nALEXANDER MAMM£a III.\n\nJulianus et Crispinus.\n\nHis coss. Alexander Xerxem regem Persarum vicit.\n\nFuscus et Dexter.\n\nAlexander II et Marcellus,\n\nAnnianus et Maximus.\n\nHis coss. Ulpianus iurisconsultus assessor Alexandri insignissimus habeiur.\n\nAlbinus et Maximus.\n\nIlis coss. Thermæ Neronianæ AJexandrinx vocate sunt.\n\nModestus et Probus.\n\nAJexander III et Dio.\n\nGratus et Seleucus.\n\nHis coss. Origencs Alexandriæ clarus habentur.\n\nPompeianus et Felicianus.\n\nLupus et Maximus.\n\nIlis coss. Alexander in matrem Mammæam pius fuit, et ob hoc cunctis amabilis.\n\nMaximus et Paternus.\n\nMaximus II et Urbanus.","english":"In their consulship, Nicopolis in Palestine, which was formerly called Emmaus, was founded as a city.\n\nMaximus and Aelianus.\n\nIn their consulship, Aurelius Antoninus was killed at Rome in a military riot. He was succeeded by Alexander, the son of Mamaea, who reigned thirteen years. Under him these were the consuls.\n\nAlexander Mamaea III.\n\nJulianus and Crispinus.\n\nIn their consulship, Alexander defeated Xerxes, king of the Persians.\n\nFuscus and Dexter.\n\nAlexander II and Marcellus.\n\nAnnianus and Maximus.\n\nIn their consulship, Ulpian the jurist, the assessor of Alexander, was held in the highest distinction.\n\nAlbinus and Maximus.\n\nIn their consulship, the Baths of Nero were named the Alexandrian Baths.\n\nModestus and Probus.\n\nAlexander III and Dio.\n\nGratus and Seleucus.\n\nIn their consulship, Origen was held in renown at Alexandria.\n\nPompeianus and Felicianus.\n\nLupus and Maximus.\n\nIn their consulship, Alexander was dutiful toward his mother Mamaea, and for this reason was beloved by all.\n\nMaximus and Paternus.\n\nMaximus II and Urbanus.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":52,"ref":"p52","source":"Severus et Quinctianus.\n\nHis coss. Alexander occiditur Moguntiaci tumultu militari. Cui successit Maximinus, regnans annis: primus omnium ex corpore militari imperator electus [Cusp., sine senatus auctoritate]. Sub quo hi consules fueruuL\n\nMAXIMINUS XXII.\n\nMaximinus eL Africanus.\n\nPerpetuus et Cornelianus.\n\nPius et Proculus.\n\nIlis coss. Maxim. Aquileiæ occiditur. Cui successit Gordianus, qui regnavit annis 6. Sub quo hi consoles fuerunt.\n\nGORDIANUS XXIIL\n\nGordianus et Aviola.\n\nSabinus et Venustus.\n\nIlis coss. Gordiano Romam ingresso, Pupienus et Balbinus, qui imperium arripuerant, in palatio ocetsi sunt.\n\nGordianus u et Pompeianus.\n\nAttieus et Praetextatus.\n\nArrianus et Papus.\n\nPeregninus ct Æmilianus.\n\nIlis coss. Gordianus admodum adolescens, Parthorum natione superata, cum victor reverteretur ad patriam, fraude Philippi præfecti præt. haud longe a Romano solo interfectus est. Gordiano milites tumuluna ædificant supra Euphratcm, ossibus ejus Roman revectis. Cui successit Philippus, qui reguavit annis [Cusp., 7]. Qui mox Pbilippum filium suum consortem regni facit, primusque omnium es Romanis imperatoribus Christianus fuit. Sub quo hi consules fuerunt.","english":"Severus and Quinctianus.\n\nIn their consulship, Alexander was killed at Moguntiacum in a military riot. He was succeeded by Maximinus, who reigned for [number missing] years: the first of all to be elected emperor from the ranks of the soldiery [Cusp.: without the authority of the senate]. Under him these were the consuls.\n\nMAXIMINUS XXII.\n\nMaximinus and Africanus.\n\nPerpetuus and Cornelianus.\n\nPius and Proculus.\n\nIn their consulship, Maximinus was killed at Aquileia. He was succeeded by Gordian, who reigned 6 years. Under him these were the consuls.\n\nGORDIANUS XXIII.\n\nGordian and Aviola.\n\nSabinus and Venustus.\n\nIn their consulship, when Gordian had entered Rome, Pupienus and Balbinus, who had seized the imperial power, were killed in the palace.\n\nGordian II and Pompeianus.\n\nAtticus and Praetextatus.\n\nArrianus and Papus.\n\nPeregrinus and Aemilianus.\n\nIn their consulship, Gordian, still very young, after conquering the nation of the Parthians, while he was returning home as victor, was killed by the treachery of Philip, prefect of the praetorium, not far from Roman soil. The soldiers then built a tomb for Gordian above the Euphrates, his bones having been carried back to Rome. He was succeeded by Philip, who reigned for [Cusp.: 7] years. He soon made his son Philip a partner in the reign, and was the first of all the Roman emperors to be a Christian. Under him these were the consuls.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":53,"ref":"p53","source":"PHILIPPOS XXIV.\n\nPhilippus et Titianus.\n\nPræsens et Albinus.\n\nPhilippus II et Philippus [Cusp., His coss. millesimus, etc., ut infra].\n\nPhilippus ut et Philippus II.\n\ni£milianus et Aquilinus.\n\nHis coss. Millesimus annus urbis Romæ expletus est, ob quam solemnitatem innumerabiles Philippus cum filio suo bestias in circo magno interfecit, tudosque in campo Martio theatrales tribus diebus ac noctibus populo pervigilante celebravit; quadraginta etiam mis;us natali Romanae urbis concurrerunt, et agon mille annorum actus. Philippus urbem nominis sui in Thracia construxit.\n\nDecius et Gratus.\n\nDecius II et Etruscus.\n\nllis coss. Philippus senior Veronae, Romæ vero junior occiditur. His successit Decius, qui regnavit anno i, mensibus 3; quantum ad consulatum autem annum unum. Sub quo bi consules fuerunt.\n\nDECIUS XXV.\n\nGallus et Volusianus.","english":"PHILIP THE TWENTY-FOURTH.\n\nPhilip and Titianus.\n\nPraesens and Albinus.\n\nPhilip II and Philip [consuls].\n\nPhilip and Philip II.\n\nAemilianus and Aquilinus.\n\nIn their consulship the thousandth year of the city of Rome was completed, for which solemnity Philip with his son killed countless beasts in the Circus Maximus, and celebrated theatrical games in the Campus Martius for three days and nights with the people keeping vigil; forty also of the games were held on the birthday of the city of Rome, and a contest of a thousand years was performed. Philip built a city of his own name in Thrace.\n\nDecius and Gratus.\n\nDecius II and Etruscus.\n\nIn their consulship Philip the elder was killed at Verona, but the younger at Rome. Decius succeeded them, who reigned one year and three months; as regards the consulship, however, one year. Under him there were two consuls.\n\nDECIUS THE TWENTY-FIFTH.\n\nGallus and Volusianus.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":54,"ref":"p54","source":"His coss. Decius lavacra publica ædificavit, quæ suo nomine appellari jussit. Decius cum filio suo in Abricio Thraciæ loco a Gothis occiditur. Cui su cessit Gallus cum Volusiano filio, qui regnaverunt annis et mensibus A; quantum ad consulatum autem annis tantum duobus. Sub quibus hi consules fuerunt.\n\nGALLUS ET VOLUSIANUS XXVI.\n\nVolusianus II et Maximus.\n\nHis coss. Novatianus apparuit.\n\nValerianus et Gallienus.\n\nHis coss. Gallus et Volusianus Interamnae interecti sunt. Quibus successerunt Valerianus et Galtienus, qui regnaverunt annis i5. Sub quibus hi consules fuerunt.\n\nVALERIANUS ET GALLIENUS XXVII.\n\nValerianus II et Gallienus.\n\nMaximus II et Glabrio.\n\nValerianus III et Gallienus III.\n\nIlis coss. Cyprianus primum rhetor, deinde presbyter, ad extremum Carthaginensis episcopus martyrio coronatur.\n\nTuscus et Bassus.\n\nHis coss. Valerianus in Christianos persecutione commota, statim a Sapore Persarum rege capitur, ibique servitute miserabili consenescit. i£ milianus et Bassus.","english":"In their consulship Decius built public baths, which he ordered to be called by his own name. Decius was killed with his son by the Goths at Abrittus, a place in Thrace. He was succeeded by Gallus with his son Volusianus, who reigned for one year and [some] months; as regards the consulship, however, for only two years. Under them these were the consuls.\n\nGALLUS AND VOLUSIANUS, TWENTY-SIXTH.\n\nVolusianus II and Maximus.\n\nIn their consulship Novatianus appeared.\n\nValerianus and Gallienus.\n\nIn their consulship Gallus and Volusianus were killed at Interamna. They were succeeded by Valerianus and Gallienus, who reigned for fifteen years. Under them these were the consuls.\n\nVALERIANUS AND GALLIENUS, TWENTY-SEVENTH.\n\nValerianus II and Gallienus.\n\nMaximus II and Glabrio.\n\nValerianus III and Gallienus III.\n\nIn their consulship Cyprian, first a rhetorician, then a presbyter, and finally bishop of Carthage, was crowned with martyrdom.\n\nTuscus and Bassus.\n\nIn their consulship Valerianus, having stirred up persecution against the Christians, was immediately captured by Sapor king of the Persians, and there grew old in wretched servitude. Aemilianus and Bassus.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":55,"ref":"p55","source":"Secularis et Donatus.\n\nGallienus IV et Gentianus.\n\nGallienus v et Victorinus.\n\nAlbinus et Maximus.\n\nHis coss. Græcia, Macedonia, Pontus, Asia depopulatne per Gothos, aliasque provincias barbarorum quassavit irruptio.\n\nGallienus vi et Saturninus.\n\nValerianus et Lucillus.\n\nGallienus vii et Sabinillus.\n\nPaternus et Arcesilaus.\n\nPaternus II et Marinianus.\n\nClaudius et Paternus.\n\nHis coss. Mediolani occiditur Gallienus. Cui successit Claudius, qui regnavit anno uno, mensibus 9. Sub quo hi consules fuerunt.\n\nCLAUDIUS XXVIII.\n\nAnti chianus et Orfitus.\n\nValerianus et Bassus.\n\nIhs coss. Claudius barbaros vastantes repellit, et Syrmii moritur. Huic successit Quinctillus Claudii frater, a senatu Augustus appellatus, qui imperii sui die Aquileiæ occiditur. Post quem Aurelianus factus est imperator, qui regnavit annis 5, mensibus 6. Sub quo bi consules fuerunt.","english":"Secularis and Donatus.\n\nGallienus IV and Gentianus.\n\nGallienus V and Victorinus.\n\nAlbinus and Maximus.\n\nIn their consulship Greece, Macedonia, Pontus, and Asia were laid waste by the Goths, and the incursion of the barbarians shook other provinces as well.\n\nGallienus VI and Saturninus.\n\nValerianus and Lucillus.\n\nGallienus VII and Sabinillus.\n\nPaternus and Arcesilaus.\n\nPaternus II and Marinianus.\n\nClaudius and Paternus.\n\nIn their consulship Gallienus was killed at Mediolanum. He was succeeded by Claudius, who reigned one year and nine months. Under him these were the consuls.\n\nCLAUDIUS XXVIII.\n\nAntichianus and Orfitus.\n\nValerianus and Bassus.\n\nIn their consulship Claudius drove back the barbarians who were ravaging, and died at Syrmium. He was succeeded by Quinctillus, brother of Claudius, hailed Augustus by the senate, who was killed at Aquileia on the day of his accession. After him Aurelian was made emperor, who reigned five years and six months. Under him these were the consuls.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":56,"ref":"p56","source":"AURELIANUS XXIX.\n\nQuietus et Voldumianus.\n\nTacitus et Placidianus.\n\nAurelianus et Capitolinus.\n\nBis coss. Aurelianum Romae triumphantem captivi Tetricus et Zenobia praecesserunt.\n\nAurelianus II et Marcellus [Cusp., Marcellinus].\n\nHis coss. Aurelianus templum Soli ædificat, Ro mam firmioribus muris vallat.\n\nProbus et Paulinus.\n\nProbus II et Paternus II.\n\nHis coss. inter Constantinopolim et Heracleam Anrelianus occiditur. Cui successit Tacitus, qui regnavii menses 6. Sub quo hi consules fuerunt.\n\nTACITUS XXX.\n\nProbus III et Paternus III.\n\nHis coss. Tacitus in Ponto occisus est, et obtinuit Florianus imperium dicbus [Cusp., 99]. Hoc quoque apud Tharsum interfecto, Probus factus est imperator, qui regnavit annis 6, mensibus 3. Suit quo hi consules fuerunt.\n\nPROBUS XXXI.\n\nMessalla et Gratus.\n\nHis coss. Gallix, qnae fuerant a barbaris occupate, a Probo Romano restituuntur imperio.","english":"AURELIAN XXIX.\n\nQuietus and Voldumianus.\n\nTacitus and Placidianus.\n\nAurelian and Capitolinus.\n\nIn the consulship of Aurelian for the second time, the captives Tetricus and Zenobia preceded him in triumph at Rome.\n\nAurelian II and Marcellus [Cusp., Marcellinus].\n\nIn their consulship Aurelian built the temple of the Sun and fortified Rome with stronger walls.\n\nProbus and Paulinus.\n\nProbus II and Paternus II.\n\nIn their consulship Aurelian was killed between Constantinople and Heraclea. He was succeeded by Tacitus, who reigned 6 months. Under him these were the consuls.\n\nTACITUS XXX.\n\nProbus III and Paternus III.\n\nIn their consulship Tacitus was killed in Pontus, and Florian obtained the imperial power for [Cusp., 99] days. When he too had been killed at Tarsus, Probus was made emperor, who reigned 6 years and 3 months. Under him these were the consuls.\n\nPROBUS XXXI.\n\nMessalla and Gratus.\n\nIn their consulship Gaul, which had been occupied by the barbarians, was restored to the Roman empire by Probus.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":57,"ref":"p57","source":"Probus IV et Tiberianus.\n\nProbus VI et Victorinus.\n\nHis coss. insana Manichaeorum haeresis exorta ess in commune generis humani malum.\n\nCarus et Carinus.\n\nCarus II [Cusp., Carinus XI] et Numerianus.\n\nDiocletianus et Aristobolus.\n\nHis coss. Probus apud Syrmium tumultu militari In turri quæ vocatur Ferrata occiditur. Cui successit Carus cum filiis sais Carino et Numeriano, qui regnaverunt annis 2. Sub quibus hi consules fuerunt.\n\nCAnus XXXII.\n\nMaximus et Aquilinus.\n\nSlis coss. cum Cnrus devictis Parilis caaira supra Tigridem posuisset, fulmine ictus interiit.\n\nDiocletianus et Maximianus.\n\nHis coss. Numerianus occiditur; Carinus apud Margum fluvium praelio victus interiit. Post quos Diocletianus Dalmata suscepit imperium. Qui regnavit ann. 20. Sub quo hi consules fuerunt.\n\nDIOCLETIANUS XXXIII.\n\nMaximianus et Januarius.\n\nBassus et Quinctianus.","english":"Probus IV and Tiberianus.\n\nProbus VI and Victorinus.\n\nIn their consulship the insane heresy of the Manichaeans arose, a common evil of the human race.\n\nCarus and Carinus.\n\nCarus II and Numerianus.\n\nDiocletianus and Aristobolus.\n\nIn their consulship Probus was killed at Sirmium by a military tumult in the tower called Ferrata. He was succeeded by Carus with his sons Carinus and Numerianus, who reigned 2 years. Under them these were the consuls.\n\nCarus XXXII.\n\nMaximus and Aquilinus.\n\nIn their consulship, when Carus had conquered the Persians and pitched camp beyond the Tigris, he died struck by lightning.\n\nDiocletianus and Maximianus.\n\nIn their consulship Numerianus was killed; Carinus, defeated in battle at the river Margus, died. After them Diocletianus the Dalmatian took up the empire. He reigned 20 years. Under him these were the consuls.\n\nDIOCLETIANUS XXXIII.\n\nMaximianus and Januarius.\n\nBassus and Quinctianus.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":58,"ref":"p58","source":"His coss. Diocletianus in consortium regni Herculium Maximianum assumit.\n\nDiocletianus III et Maximianus III.\n\nTiberianus ct Dion.\n\nIlanuibalianus et Asclepiodotus.\n\nDiocletianus iv ei Maximianus iv.\n\nConstantius ei Maximus.\n\nHis coss. Vandali et Halani transito Rheno Gallias intraverunt.\n\n' Tuscus et Annulinus.\n\nDiocletianus v et Constantius [Cusp., Maximianus v et Maximus II].\n\nFaustus et Gallus.\n\nHis coss. primus Diocletianus adorari se jussit ut deum, et gemmas vestibus ca!ceamentisque conseruit, cum ante eum omnes imperatores in modum judicum salutarentur, et tantum chlamydem purpui eam a privato habitu plus haberent.\n\nDiocletianus vi et Maximianus v.\n\nConstantius III et Maximus ill.\n\nTitianus et Nepotianus.\n\nConstantius iv et Maximus IV.\n\nHis coss. millia Alemannorum cxsa sunt.\n\nDiocletianus VII et Maxinlianus vi. ^\n\nDiocletianus VIII et Maximianus vu.","english":"In their consulship Diocletian took Herculius Maximian into partnership in the kingdom.\n\nDiocletian III and Maximian III.\n\nTiberianus and Dion.\n\nHannibalianus and Asclepiodotus.\n\nDiocletian IV and Maximian IV.\n\nConstantius and Maximus.\n\nIn their consulship the Vandals and Alans crossed the Rhine and entered the Gauls.\n\nTuscus and Annulinus.\n\nDiocletian V and Constantius [Cusp., Maximian V and Maximus II].\n\nFaustus and Gallus.\n\nIn their consulship Diocletian first ordered himself to be adored as a god, and sewed gems onto his garments and shoes, whereas before him all emperors were greeted in the manner of judges, and they had only a purple cloak beyond the dress of a private citizen.\n\nDiocletian VI and Maximian V.\n\nConstantius III and Maximus III.\n\nTitianus and Nepotianus.\n\nConstantius IV and Maximus IV.\n\nIn their consulship a hundred thousand Alemanni were slain.\n\nDiocletian VII and Maximian VI.\n\nDiocletian VIII and Maximian VII.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":59,"ref":"p59","source":"Constantius v et Maximus v.\n\nConstantius vi et Maximus vi.\n\nHis coss. Diocletianus et Maximianus Aug. insigni pompa Romae triumpharunt, antecedentibus currum eorum Narsei conjuge, sororibus, liberis et omni pompa [Cusp., præda] qua Parthos exspoliaverant.\n\nDiocletianus ix et Constantinus.\n\nDiocletianus et Maximus vu.\n\nHis coss. Diocletianus Nicomediæ, Maximianus Mediolani purpuram deposueruut ob aetatis defectum. Et creati sunt Constantius et Galerius. Sed Constant us tantum Augusti dignitate contentus, cum esset oliosus, anni ipsius ascribuntur filio ejus Constantino, qui natus dicitur ex Helena concubina; qui regnavit annos 30, menses 10. Sub quo hi consules fuerunt.\n\nCONSTANTINUS ET GALERIUS XXXIV.\n\nP. C. Diocletiani et Maximi VII.\n\nII. P. C. Diocletiani et Maximi vn.\n\nMaximus vin et Licinius.\n\nConstantinus ii et Licinius II.","english":"Constantius V and Maximus V.\n\nConstantius VI and Maximus VI.\n\nIn their consulship Diocletian and Maximian Augustus celebrated a triumph at Rome with a distinguished procession, with the wife of Narseus, his sisters, his children, and all the spoil they had taken from the Parthians going before their chariot.\n\nDiocletian IX and Constantinus.\n\nDiocletian and Maximus VII.\n\nIn their consulship Diocletian at Nicomedia and Maximian at Milan laid down the purple on account of the weakness of age. And Constantius and Galerius were created. But Constantius, content with the rank of Augustus alone, since he was inactive, his years are ascribed to his son Constantine, who is said to have been born of the concubine Helena; he reigned 30 years, 10 months. Under him these were the consuls.\n\nCONSTANTINE AND GALERIUS XXXIV.\n\nAfter the consulship of Diocletian and Maximus VII.\n\nAgain after the consulship of Diocletian and Maximus VII.\n\nMaximus VIII and Licinius.\n\nConstantine II and Licinius II.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":60,"ref":"p60","source":"Constantinus et Licinius III.\n\nVolusianus et Annianus.\n\nConstantinus iv et Licinius IV.\n\nSabinus et Rufinus.\n\nGallicanus [Cusp., Gallienus] et Bassus.\n\nLicinius v et Crispus.\n\nConstantinus v et Licinius Caesar.\n\nConstantinus vi et Constantinus Caesar.\n\nCrispus ii et Constantinus Caesar u.\n\nProbianus et Julianus.\n\nSeverus et Rufinus.\n\nCrispus III et Constantinus III.\n\nPaulinus et Julianus.\n\nConstantinus vn et Constantinus it.\n\nConstantinus v et Maximus.\n\nJanuarius et Justus.\n\nIlis coss. vicennalia Constantini Nicomedi.c acta, et sequenti anno Romæ edita.\n\nConstantinus VIII et Conitantinus vr.\n\nConstantinus VII et Symmachus.\n\nBassus et Ablabius.\n\nPacatianus et Hilarianus.\n\nIlis coss. civitas Quæ prius Bysantium dicta est mulato nornine a Constantino Constantinopolis dedictur.\n\nDehnatius et Xenophilus.\n\nOptatus ct PauHinus.\n\nConstantius et Albinus. I","english":"Constantinus and Licinius III.\n\nVolusianus and Annianus.\n\nConstantinus IV and Licinius IV.\n\nSabinus and Rufinus.\n\nGallicanus and Bassus.\n\nLicinius V and Crispus.\n\nConstantinus V and Licinius Caesar.\n\nConstantinus VI and Constantinus Caesar.\n\nCrispus II and Constantinus Caesar II.\n\nProbianus and Julianus.\n\nSeverus and Rufinus.\n\nCrispus III and Constantinus III.\n\nPaulinus and Julianus.\n\nConstantinus VII and Constantinus II.\n\nConstantinus V and Maximus.\n\nJanuarius and Justus.\n\nIn their consulship the vicennalia of Constantinus were celebrated at Nicomedia, and in the following year held at Rome.\n\nConstantinus VIII and Constantinus VI.\n\nConstantinus VII and Symmachus.\n\nBassus and Ablabius.\n\nPacatianus and Hilarianus.\n\nIn their consulship the city which was formerly called Byzantium, its name having been changed by Constantinus, was dedicated as Constantinople.\n\nDehnatius and Xenophilus.\n\nOptatus and Paulinus.\n\nConstantius and Albinus.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":61,"ref":"p61","source":"Nepotianus et Facundus.\n\nFelicianus et Titianus.\n\nUrsus et Polemius.\n\nConstantius II et Constans.\n\nIUS coss. Constantinus imperator, dum bellum pa rarel in Persas, in Acyrone villa publica, juxta Ni comediam moritur anno aetati 66. Post quein tres liberi ejus, id est, Constantinus, Constantius et Coa stains, qui regnaverunt annis 24, mensibus a, diebus 23. Sub quibus hi consules fuerunt.\n\nCONSTANTINUS, CONSTANTIUS ET CONSTANS XXXV.\n\nAcyndinus et Proculus.\n\nMarcellinus et Probinus.\n\nConstantius III et Constans II.\n\nHis coss. Constantinus bellum ratn constanti inferens, juxta Aquileiam Alsæ occiditur.\n\nPlacidus et Romulus.\n\nLeontius et Salustius.\n\nHis coss. Franci a Constante perdomiti, iu pacem recepti sunt.\n\nConstantius iv et Constans III.\n\nAmantius et Albinus.\n\nP. C. Amantii ei Albini.\n\nRufinus et Eusebius.\n\nHis coss. magnis reipublicæ expensis in Seleuci? Syriae portus efficitur.","english":"Nepotianus and Facundus.\n\nFelicianus and Titianus.\n\nUrsus and Polemius.\n\nConstantius II and Constans.\n\nIn the consulship of these men, the emperor Constantinus, while preparing for war against the Persians, died at the public villa of Acyron, near Nicomedia, in the sixty-sixth year of his age. After him, his three sons, that is, Constantinus, Constantius, and Constans, reigned for 24 years, 5 months, and 23 days. Under them these were the consuls.\n\nCONSTANTINUS, CONSTANTIUS, AND CONSTANS, XXXV.\n\nAcyndinus and Proculus.\n\nMarcellinus and Probinus.\n\nConstantius III and Constans II.\n\nIn the consulship of these men, Constantinus, having brought war against his brother Constans, is killed near Aquileia at Alsae.\n\nPlacidus and Romulus.\n\nLeontius and Salustius.\n\nIn the consulship of these men, the Franks were subdued by Constans and received into peace.\n\nConstantius IV and Constans III.\n\nAmantius and Albinus.\n\nIn the consulship of Amantius and Albinus.\n\nRufinus and Eusebius.\n\nIn the consulship of these men, at great expense to the state, a harbor was built in Seleucia of Syria.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":62,"ref":"p62","source":"Pbilippus et Sallia.\n\nHis coss. solis facia defectio.\n\nLimenius et Catullinus.\n\nSergius et Nigrinianus.\n\nHis coss. Constans. haud longe ab Hispania, in castro cui Helenæ nomen est, interficitur, anno æta tis et imperii 13; et Constantius remansu u regno.\n\nP. C. Sergii et Nigriniani.\n\nConstantius v et Constans Caesar.\n\nConstantius vi et Constans Caes. II.\n\nConstantius VII et Constans Cæs. Ill.\n\nArbetio et Lollianus.\n\nHis coss. Victorinus rhetor et Donatus Crammaticus Romæ insignes habentur.\n\nConstantius vin Julianus Caesar.\n\nConstantius IX et Julianus Caesar u.\n\nHis coss. magnæ Alemannorum copiæ apud Argentoratum oppidum Galliarum deletae sunt.\n\nTitianus et Cærealis.\n\nEusebius et Hypatius.\n\nConstantius et Julianus Cæs. III.\n\nHis coss. Honoratus nomine [Cusp., ex præfecto praetorio Galliarum ], primus Constantinopoli præfectus urbi esse coepit.","english":"Philippus and Sallia.\n\nIn their consulship there was an eclipse of the sun.\n\nLimenius and Catullinus.\n\nSergius and Nigrinianus.\n\nIn their consulship Constans was killed not far from Spain, in the fortress whose name is Helena, in the thirteenth year of his age and of his reign; and Constantius remained in the kingdom.\n\nIn the consulship of Sergius and Nigrinianus.\n\nConstantius V and Constans Caesar.\n\nConstantius VI and Constans Caesar II.\n\nConstantius VII and Constans Caesar III.\n\nArbetius and Lollianus.\n\nIn their consulship Victorinus the rhetorician and Donatus the grammarian were held in distinction at Rome.\n\nConstantius VIII and Julianus Caesar.\n\nConstantius IX and Julianus Caesar II.\n\nIn their consulship great forces of the Alemanni were destroyed at Argentoratum, a town of the Gauls.\n\nTitianus and Caerealis.\n\nEusebius and Hypatius.\n\nConstantius and Julianus Caesar III.\n\nIn their consulship a man named Honoratus, formerly prefect of the praetorium of the Gauls, began to be the first prefect of the city at Constantinople.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":63,"ref":"p63","source":"Taurus et Florentius.\n\nMamertinus et Nevitta.\n\nHis coss. Constantius Mopsocrenis inter Ciliciam Cappadociamque moritur, anno ætatis [Cusp., 43]. Cui successit Julianus. qui regnavit anno uno [Cusp.. mensibus 8]. Sub quo hi consules fuerunt\n\nJULIANUS XXXVI.\n\nJulianus IV et Salustius.\n\nHis coss. Julianus post victoriam apud Pertas occidilur, anno aetatis 32. Post quem sequenti die Jovianus ex primicerio domesticorum factus est imperator, qui regnavit meusibul 8. Sub quo hi consules fuerunt.\n\nJOVIANUS XXX VII.\n\nJovianus et Varronianus.\n\nH coss. Jovianus imp. moritur ann. |Cusp., 33]. Post quem Valentinianus tribunus scutariorum apud NicæamAugustus appellatus. fratrem Valentem Constantinopoli in consortionem [ [Cusp., ad communionem] assumit imperii. Qui regnavit anuis 14, mensibus 5. Sub quo hi consules fuerunt.\n\nVALENTINIANUS XXXVIII.","english":"Taurus and Florentius.\n\nMamertinus and Nevitta.\n\nIn their consulship Constantius died at Mopsocrene, between Cilicia and Cappadocia, in the [43rd] year of his age. He was succeeded by Julian, who reigned one year [8 months]. Under him these were the consuls:\n\nJULIAN, 36.\n\nJulian IV and Sallustius.\n\nIn their consulship Julian was killed after his victory at the Persians, in the 32nd year of his age. After him, on the following day, Jovian, from primicerius of the domestics, was made emperor, who reigned 8 months. Under him these were the consuls:\n\nJOVIAN, 37.\n\nJovian and Varronianus.\n\nIn their consulship the emperor Jovian died in the [33rd] year [of his age]. After him Valentinian, tribune of the shield-bearers, was acclaimed Augustus at Nicaea. He took his brother Valens at Constantinople into partnership [into communion] of the empire. He reigned 14 years, 5 months. Under him these were the consuls:\n\nVALENTINIAN, 38.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":64,"ref":"p64","source":"Valentmianus et Valens.\n\nGratianus et Dagalaiphus.\n\nLupicinus et Jovinus.\n\nHis coss. Gratianus Valentiniani filius Ambianis imperator factus est. Apud Atrebataslana coelo pluviae mixta defluxit.\n\nValentinianus et Valens II.\n\nValentinianus N. P. et Victor.\n\nValentinianus IIIet Valens III.\n\nGratianus II et Probas.\n\nModestus et Arintheus.\n\nValentinianus IV et Valens iv.\n\nHis coss. Saxones caesi. De Usone in regione Francorum Burgundionum fere millia quot nunquam antea ad Rhenum descenderunt. Clearchus [Cusp.,præfectus] urbi Constantinopoli necessariamaquam et quandiu civitas optabat induxit.\n\nCratianusIII et Equitius.\n\nP. C. Gra iani III et Equitii.\n\n[Cusv.,His coss. Valentinianus, etc., ut inafra.]\n\nValens v et Valentinianus.\n\nHis coss. Valentinianus apoplexi Br igitione moritur. Post quem Gratianus assumpto in imperio Valentiniano fratre, cum patruo Valente regnat.","english":"Valentinian and Valens.\n\nGratian and Dagalaiphus.\n\nLupicinus and Jovinus.\n\nIn their consulship Gratian, son of Valentinian, was made emperor at Amiens. At Arras wool mixed with rain fell from a clear sky.\n\nValentinian and Valens II.\n\nValentinian, noblest of princes, and Victor.\n\nValentinian III and Valens III.\n\nGratian II and Probus.\n\nModestus and Arintheus.\n\nValentinian IV and Valens IV.\n\nIn their consulship the Saxons were slain. From Uso in the region of the Franks about as many thousands of Burgundians as never before descended to the Rhine. Clearchus, prefect of the city of Constantinople, brought in the necessary water, and for as long as the city desired.\n\nGratian III and Equitius.\n\nIn the consulship of Gratian III and Equitius.\n\nIn their consulship Valentinian, etc., as below.\n\nValens V and Valentinian.\n\nIn their consulship Valentinian died of apoplexy at Brigetio. After him Gratian, having taken his brother Valentinian into the empire, reigned with his uncle Valens.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":65,"ref":"p65","source":"Gratianus IV et Merobaudes.\n\nlIis coss. Alemannorum circiter millia apud Argentariam oppidum Guliiarum caesa. Gothi diffunduntur in Thracia.\n\n[Cusp. addit. P. C. Gratiani IV et Merobaudis.]\n\nValens vi et Valentinianus II.\n\nHis coss. a Gothis in Thracia Valentis trucidatur exercitus. Ipse quoque imperator, incensa dumo ubi se occultaverat, igne combustus est. Cui successit in Oriente Theodosius Theodosii filius, quem sibi in consortium Gratianus ascivit. Gratianus itaque cum regnasset annis, cum Theodosio regnat annis 6. Sub quibus hi consules fuerunt.\n\nTHEODOSIUS XXXIX.\n\nAusonius et Olybrius.\n\nGratianus v et Theodosius.\n\nHis coss. Ambrosius episcopus de Christiana fide multa sublimiter scribit.\n\nSyagrius et Eucherius.\n\nHis coss. Martinus episcopus Turonum, Galliae civitalis, clarus habetur.\n\nAntonius et Syagrius.\n\nHis coss. Athalaricus rex Gothorum Constantinopolim venit, ibique vitam exegit.","english":"Gratian IV and Merobaudes.\n\nIn their consulship about a thousand of the Alemanni were slain at the town of Argentaria of the Guliae. The Goths spread throughout Thrace.\n\n[Additional consular note: the fourth consulship of P. C. Gratian and that of Merobaudes.]\n\nValens VI and Valentinian II.\n\nIn their consulship the army of Valens was slaughtered by the Goths in Thrace. The emperor himself also, when the thicket in which he had hidden himself was set on fire, was burned by the flames. He was succeeded in the East by Theodosius, son of Theodosius, whom Gratian took into partnership with himself. And so Gratian, after he had reigned for years, reigned with Theodosius for 6 years. Under these men the following were consuls.\n\nTHEODOSIUS XXXIX.\n\nAusonius and Olybrius.\n\nGratian V and Theodosius.\n\nIn their consulship Bishop Ambrose wrote many lofty things concerning the Christian faith.\n\nSyagrius and Eucherius.\n\nIn their consulship Martin, bishop of the city of Tours in Gaul, is held in renown.\n\nAntonius and Syagrius.\n\nIn their consulship Athalaric, king of the Goths, came to Constantinople, and there ended his life.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":66,"ref":"p66","source":"Merobaudes II et Saturninus.\n\nHis coss. Arcadius Theodosii imperatoris filius Augustus appellatur.\n\nRicimer et Clearchus.\n\nHis coss. Gratianus apud Lugdunum captus occiditur. Residui Valentinianus et Theodosius regnant annis 8. Sub quibus hi consules fuerunt.\n\nVALENTINIANUS ET THEODOSIUS XL.\n\nArcadius et Bauto.\n\nHis coss. Hieronymus presbyter in Bethleem po* situs, toto mundo mirabilis babetur.\n\nHonorius N. P. et Evodius.\n\nValentinianus III et Eutropius.\n\nTheodosius II et Cynegius.\n\nTimasius et Promotus.\n\nValentinianus IV et Neoterius.\n\nTatianus et Symmachus.\n\nArcadius ei Rutinus.\n\nHis coss. Valentinianus vitae tædio apud Viennam laqueo periit. Tbeodosius cum jam per it annos regnasset, cum Arcadio et Honorio regnat auais2. Sub quibus hi consules fuerunt.\n\nTHEODOSIUS, ARCADIUS ET HONORIUS XLI.\n\nTheodosius III et Abundantius.\n\nArcadius ut et Honorius II.","english":"Merobaudes II and Saturninus.\n\nIn their consulship Arcadius, son of the emperor Theodosius, is proclaimed Augustus.\n\nRicimer and Clearchus.\n\nIn their consulship Gratian is captured at Lugdunum and killed. The remaining emperors Valentinian and Theodosius reign for 8 years. Under them these were the consuls.\n\nVALENTINIAN AND THEODOSIUS XL.\n\nArcadius and Bauto.\n\nIn their consulship the presbyter Jerome, established at Bethlehem, is held wondrous throughout the whole world.\n\nHonorius N. P. and Evodius.\n\nValentinian III and Eutropius.\n\nTheodosius II and Cynegius.\n\nTimasius and Promotus.\n\nValentinian IV and Neoterius.\n\nTatianus and Symmachus.\n\nArcadius and Rufinus.\n\nIn their consulship Valentinian, out of weariness of life, perished by the noose at Vienna. Theodosius, when he had already reigned for 11 years, reigns with Arcadius and Honorius for 3 years. Under them these were the consuls.\n\nTHEODOSIUS, ARCADIUS AND HONORIUS XLI.\n\nTheodosius III and Abundantius.\n\nArcadius and Honorius II.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":67,"ref":"p67","source":"Ilis coss. Joannes monachus gratia [Cusp., divina; præditus Theodosium consulentem de eventu belli. quod adversum Eugenium movcbat, victorem fure pronuntiat.\n\nOlybrius et Probinus.\n\nIlis coss. Theodosius Eugenium tyrannum vincit et perimit. Augustinos beati Ambrosii discipulus multa facundia doctrinaque excellens, lIippone regionis Africae episcopus ordinatur.\n\nHoc tempore Claudianus poeta insignis habctur. Theodosius imperator Mediolani moritur. Post quem Arcadius, cum jam regnasset annis 12, cum fratre llonorio regnat ann. 13. Sub quibas bi consules I erunt.\n\nARCADIUS XLII.\n\nArcadius iv et Honorius III.\n\nCæsarius et Atticus.\n\nHonorius IV et Eutychianus.\n\nMallius ct Theodorus.\n\nStilico et Aurelianus.\n\nHis coss. Gothi Halarico et Redagniso regibus [Cusp.. ducibus] ingrediuntur Ilaliain.\n\nVincentius et Fravitta.\n\nArcadius v et Honorius v.","english":"In their consulship John the monk, endowed by the grace of God, foretold to Theodosius, who was consulting him about the outcome of the war which he was moving against Eugenius, that he would be victorious.\n\nOlybrius and Probinus.\n\nIn their consulship Theodosius conquered and killed the tyrant Eugenius. Augustinus, a disciple of the blessed Ambrose, excelling in great eloquence and learning, is ordained bishop of Hippo in the region of Africa.\n\nAt this time the poet Claudian is held in high esteem. The emperor Theodosius dies at Milan. After him Arcadius, when he had already reigned 12 years, reigns with his brother Honorius for 13 years. Under them there were these consuls.\n\nARCADIUS XLII.\n\nArcadius IV and Honorius III.\n\nCaesarius and Atticus.\n\nHonorius IV and Eutychianus.\n\nMallius and Theodorus.\n\nStilicho and Aurelianus.\n\nIn their consulship the Goths under their kings Alaric and Radagaisus enter Italy.\n\nVincentius and Fravitta.\n\nArcadius V and Honorius V.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":68,"ref":"p68","source":"His coss. Polentiae Stiliconem cum exc citu it mano Gothi victum acie fugaverunt.\n\nTheodosius Aug. i et Rumoridus.\n\nHonorius vi et Aristenetus.\n\nStilico II et Anthemius.\n\nArcadius vi et Probus.\n\nHis coss. Wandali et Alani trajecto RheIIO C llias intraverunt.\n\nHonorius VII et Theodosius II.\n\nBassus et Philippus.\n\nHis coss. Arcadius imperator Constantinopolimoritur. Honorius cum Theodosio fratris filio regnav annis 15. Sub quibus hi consules fuerunt.\n\nHONORIUS ET THEODOSIUS XLIII.\n\nHonorius VIII et Tbeodosius III.\n\nHis coss. Wandali Hispanias occupaverunt.\n\nFlavius Varari et Tertullus.\n\nHis coss. Roma a Gothis Halarico duce cpta cst, tibi clementer usi victoria sunt.\n\nTheodosius Aug. iv cos.\n\nHonorius ix et Theodosius v.\n\nHis coss. Gothi rege Ataulpho Callias intraverunt.\n\nLucianus [Cusp., Lucius] v. c. cos.\n\nHis coss. Burgundiones partem Galliæ Rheno icnuere conjunctam.","english":"In their consulship the Goths defeated Stilicho with his army in battle and put him to flight.\n\nTheodosius Augustus for the first time, and Rumoridus.\n\nHonorius for the sixth time, and Aristenetus.\n\nStilicho for the second time, and Anthemius.\n\nArcadius for the sixth time, and Probus.\n\nIn their consulship the Vandals and Alans crossed the Rhine and entered the Gauls.\n\nHonorius for the seventh time, and Theodosius for the second time.\n\nBassus and Philippus.\n\nIn their consulship the emperor Arcadius died at Constantinople. Honorius reigned together with Theodosius, his brother's son, for fifteen years. Under these men the following were consuls.\n\nHONORIUS AND THEODOSIUS, FOR THE FORTY-THIRD TIME.\n\nHonorius for the eighth time, and Theodosius for the third time.\n\nIn their consulship the Vandals occupied the Spains.\n\nFlavius Varari and Tertullus.\n\nIn their consulship Rome was captured by the Goths under their leader Alaric; they treated you with clemency and won the victory.\n\nTheodosius Augustus, consul for the fourth time.\n\nHonorius for the ninth time, and Theodosius for the fifth time.\n\nIn their consulship the Goths under their king Ataulphus entered the Gauls.\n\nLucianus, of clarissimus rank, consul.\n\nIn their consulship the Burgundians settled the part of Gaul adjoining the Rhine.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":69,"ref":"p69","source":"Constantius et Constans.\n\nHonorius et Theodosius vi.\n\nTheodosius VII et Palladius.\n\nHis coss. Gothi placati Constantio Placidiam readidcrunt, cujus nuptias promeretur.\n\nHonorius xi et Constanntius II.\n\nHonorius XIIet Theodosius VIII\n\nMonaxius et Plinta.\n\nTheodosius IX et Constantius III.\n\nIlis coss. Constantius ab Honorio in societatem regni recipitur.\n\nAgricola et Euslachius.\n\nHis coss. Constantius imperator moritur.\n\nHonorius XIII et Theodosius x.\n\nHis coss. exercitus ad Hispanias contra Wandalos missus est.\n\nMarianus et Asclepiodotus.\n\nHis coss. Placidia Augusta a fratre Honorio ob suspicionem invitatorum hostium cum Honorio et Valentiniano filiis ad Orientem mittitur; Ilonorius moritur, et solus Theodosius Romanum imperium tenet annis 27. Sub quo hi consules fuerunt.\n\nTHEODOSIUS XLIV.\n\nCastinus ct Victor.\n\nIlis coss. Theodosius Valentini anum consobrinum Caesarem facit, et cum Augusta matre ad recipiendum Occidentale mittit imperium.","english":"Constantius and Constans.\n\nHonorius for the sixth time, and Theodosius.\n\nTheodosius for the seventh time, and Palladius.\n\nIn their consulship the Goths, having been appeased by Constantius, restored Placidia, whose marriage he obtained.\n\nHonorius for the eleventh time, and Constantius for the second.\n\nHonorius for the twelfth time, and Theodosius for the eighth.\n\nMonaxius and Plinta.\n\nTheodosius for the ninth time, and Constantius for the third.\n\nIn their consulship Constantius is received by Honorius into partnership of the kingdom.\n\nAgricola and Euslachius.\n\nIn their consulship the emperor Constantius dies.\n\nHonorius for the thirteenth time, and Theodosius for the tenth.\n\nIn their consulship an army was sent to the Spains against the Vandals.\n\nMarianus and Asclepiodotus.\n\nIn their consulship Placidia Augusta, on suspicion of having invited the enemy, is sent by her brother Honorius with her sons Honorius and Valentinian to the East; Honorius dies, and Theodosius alone holds the Roman empire for twenty-seven years. Under him these were the consuls.\n\nTHEODOSIUS FOR THE FORTY-FOURTH TIME.\n\nCastinus and Victor.\n\nIn their consulship Theodosius makes Valentinian, his cousin, Caesar, and sends him with the Augusta his mother to receive the Western empire.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":70,"ref":"p70","source":"Theodosius II et Valentinianus Cæsar.\n\nlis coss. Joannem tyrannum Valentinianus imperator exstinxit, Hunnosque, qui in Italia erant, Jan nis praesidio, per Ætium mira felicitate dimovit.\n\nTheodosius XII et Valentinianus II.\n\nHierius et Ardabures.\n\nIlis coss. Bonifacio Africam tenenti infaustebellum geritur. Gens Wandalorum a Gotbis exclusa, de Hispaniis a'i Africam transit.\n\nFelix et Taurus.\n\nIlis coss. j£tius multis Francis caesis, quam ocru. paverant propinquam Rheno Galliarum partem recepit.\n\nFlorentius et Dionysius.\n\nTheodosius XIII et Valentinianus III.\n\nBassus et Antiochus.\n\nÆtius et Valerius.\n\nThecodosius xiv et Maximus.\n\nAspar et Areobindas.\n\nTheodosius xv et Valentinianus iv.\n\nHis coss. pax facta cum Wandalis, dita eis ad ha bitandum Africae portione. CumdichariumBurgun dionum regem iius tius bello subegit, pacemque ei reddidit supplicanti: quem non multo post Hunni peremerunt.","english":"Theodosius II and Valentinian Caesar.\n\nIn their consulship the emperor Valentinian destroyed the tyrant John, and by the aid of Jannis and through Aetius, with remarkable good fortune, he moved away the Huns who were in Italy.\n\nTheodosius XII and Valentinian II.\n\nHierius and Ardabur.\n\nIn their consulship an unlucky war is waged against Boniface, who held Africa. The race of the Vandals, driven out by the Goths, crossed from the Spains into Africa.\n\nFelix and Taurus.\n\nIn their consulship Aetius, after many Franks had been slain, recovered the part of Gaul near the Rhine which they had occupied.\n\nFlorentius and Dionysius.\n\nTheodosius XIII and Valentinian III.\n\nBassus and Antiochus.\n\nAetius and Valerius.\n\nTheodosius XIV and Maximus.\n\nAspar and Areobindas.\n\nTheodosius XV and Valentinian IV.\n\nIn their consulship peace was made with the Vandals, and a portion of Africa was given them to dwell in. When Aetius had subdued by war the Burgundian king Gundichar, he restored peace to him as he supplicated; whom the Huns slew not long after.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":71,"ref":"p71","source":"Isidorus et Senator.,\n\nÆtius ii et Sigisvultus.\n\nItis coss. Aug. Valentinianus ad Theodosium principem Constantinopolim proGciscitur v filiamque ejus in matrimonium accipit.\n\nTheodosius xvi et Faustus.\n\nTheodosius XVII et Festus.\n\nINs coss. bellum adversus Gothos Hunnis auxiliaribus geritur, et Litorius dux Romanus ab eis capitur. Ginscricus, de cujus amicitia nibil metuebatur,\n\nCarthaginem dolo pacis invadit.\n\nValentinianus Aug. v et Anatolius.\n\nIlis coss. Ginsericus Siciliam graviter amigit.\n\nCyrus v. c. cos.\n\nHoc cos. Theodosius imperator beliumcontra Wandalos inefficaciter movit.\n\nDioscorus ct Eudoxius.\n\nHis cos. Ilunui Thracias et Illyricum sæva populatione vastarunt; cum Ginscrico ab Aug. Valentiniano pax confirmata, et certis spatiis Africa muter utrosque divisa est.\n\nMaximus II et Paternus.\n\nTheodosius XVIII et Albinus.\n\nIlis coss. Attila rex Hunnorum Bledam fratrem et consortem in regno suo perimit, ejusque populos sibi parere compellit.","english":"Isidore and Senator.\n\nAetius II and Sigisvultus.\n\nIn their consulship, the emperor Valentinian set out for Constantinople to the emperor Theodosius and received his daughter in marriage.\n\nTheodosius XVI and Faustus.\n\nTheodosius XVII and Festus.\n\nIn their consulship, war is waged against the Goths with the Huns as auxiliaries, and Litorius, a Roman commander, is captured by them. Gaiseric, from whose friendship nothing was feared,\n\ninvades Carthage under the pretense of peace.\n\nValentinian Augustus V and Anatolius.\n\nIn their consulship, Gaiseric grievously ravaged Sicily.\n\nCyrus, vir clarissimus, consul.\n\nIn this consulship, the emperor Theodosius ineffectively waged war against the Vandals.\n\nDioscorus and Eudoxius.\n\nIn their consulship, the Huns devastated Thrace and Illyricum with savage plundering; peace was confirmed with Gaiseric by the emperor Valentinian, and Africa was divided between the two of them by fixed boundaries.\n\nMaximus II and Paternus.\n\nTheodosius XVIII and Albinus.\n\nIn their consulship, Attila, king of the Huns, killed his brother Bleda, his partner in the kingdom, and compelled his peoples to obey him.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":72,"ref":"p72","source":"Valentinianus vi ei Nonius.\n\niÆtius III et Symmachus.\n\nCallepius et Ardabures\n\nPostumianus et Zeno.\n\nAsterius et Protogenes.\n\nValentinianus vu et Avienus.\n\nHis coss. Theodosius moritur. Post quem Marcianus ascitus in imperium, qui regnavit ann. i. Sub quo hi consules fuerunt.\n\nMARCIANUS XLV.\n\nMarcianus Aug. et Adelphius.\n\nitis coss. Romani i£tio duce Gothis auxiliaribus contra Attilam in campis Catalaunicis pugnaverunt: qui virlutc Gothorum superatus abscessit.\n\nHerculanus et Asporatius.\n\nHis coss. Atila redintegratis viribus Aquileiam magna vi dimicans introivit, cum quo a Valentinian inperatore papa Leo directus paceui fecit.\n\nOpilio et Vincomalus.\n\nHis coss. AcHila in sedibus suis moritur fluxu san guinis e naribus repente ac subito erumpente. itius tius et Studius.\n\nHis coss.i£tius patricius in palatio manu ValenUniani imp. exstinctus eSI. Boetiusvero præfectus præt. amicis ejus circumstantibus interemplus [Cusp.,amicus ejus circumstantiumgladiis interemptus].","english":"Valentinian VI and Nonius.\n\nAetius III and Symmachus.\n\nCallepius and Ardabures.\n\nPostumianus and Zeno.\n\nAsterius and Protogenes.\n\nValentinian VII and Avienus.\n\nIn their consulship Theodosius dies. After him Marcian was summoned to the empire, who reigned one year. Under him these were consuls.\n\nMARCIANUS XLV.\n\nMarcian Augustus and Adelphius.\n\nIn their consulship the Romans, under the leadership of Aetius, fought against Attila with Gothic auxiliaries on the Catalaunian plains; he, overcome by the valor of the Goths, withdrew.\n\nHerculanus and Asporatius.\n\nIn their consulship Attila, having renewed his strength, entered Aquileia fighting with great force; with him Pope Leo, sent by the emperor Valentinian, made peace.\n\nOpilio and Vincomalus.\n\nIn their consulship Attila dies in his own seat by a flow of blood suddenly and abruptly bursting from his nostrils. Aetius and Studius.\n\nIn their consulship the patrician Aetius was killed in the palace by the hand of the emperor Valentinian. But Boethius, prefect of the praetorium, was slain [Cusp.: slain by the swords of his friends standing around him].","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":73,"ref":"p73","source":"Valentinianus VIII et Anthemius.\n\nlIis coss. in campo Martio ab amicis Ætii Valentinianus occiditur. Post quem Maximus invasit imperium, qui intra duos menses a militibus exstctus, ill Tiberim projicitur. Eodem anno per Ginsei icuin omnibus opibus suis Roma vacuata est. Post Maximum Avitus in Galliis sumit imperium.\n\nJoannes et Varari.\n\nHis coss. Placentiae deposuit Avitus imperium.\n\nConst intinus et Hufus.\n\nlIis coss. Marciano defuncto, Leo Orientis, Majorianus Italiae suscepit imperium. Sub quibus hi coss. fuerunt.\n\nLEO XLVI.\n\nLeo Aug. et Majorianus Aug.\n\nUis, coss. Majorianus in Africam movit procinctum.\n\nRicimer et Patricius.\n\nMagnus et Apollonius.\n\nSeverinus ct Dagalaipbus.\n\nUlis coss. Majorianus immissioneRicimeris exstinguitur. Cui Severum nationeLucanum Ravennæ succedere fecit in regno.\n\nLeo Aug. et, Severus Aug.\n\nBasilius et Vibianns.","english":"Valentinian VIII and Anthemius.\n\nIn their consulship Valentinian was killed in the Campus Martius by friends of Aetius. After him Maximus seized the empire; he was killed by soldiers within two months and thrown into the Tiber. In the same year, through the blow of Genseric, Rome was emptied of all its wealth. After Maximus, Avitus assumed the empire in the Gauls.\n\nJohn and Varari.\n\nIn their consulship Avitus laid down the empire at Placentia.\n\nConstantinus and Rufus.\n\nIn their consulship, after Marcian had died, Leo took up the empire of the East and Majorian that of Italy. Under these men were the following consuls.\n\nLEO XLVI.\n\nLeo Augustus and Majorian Augustus.\n\nIn their consulship Majorian moved his army against Africa.\n\nRicimer and Patricius.\n\nMagnus and Apollonius.\n\nSeverinus and Dagalaiphus.\n\nIn their consulship Majorian was destroyed through the machination of Ricimer. In his place Ricimer caused Severus, a Lucanian by birth, to succeed to the kingdom at Ravenna.\n\nLeo Augustus and Severus Augustus.\n\nBasilius and Vibianus.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":74,"ref":"p74","source":"Rusticus et Olybrius.\n\nHis coss. rex Ilalanorum Beorgor apud B rgomum apatricio Ricimere peremptus est.\n\nHerminericus ct Basiliscus;\n\nHis coss., ut dicitur, Ricimeris fraude Scverus Rome inpalatio veneno peremptus est.\n\nLeo Aug. III cos.\n\nPusæus et Joannes.\n\nHis coss. Anthemius a Leone imp. ad Italiam mittitur, qui tertio ab Urbe milliario in loco BronLotas suscepit imperium.\n\nAnthemius Aug. II cos.\n\nIloc cos. in Sicilia Marcellinus occiditur.\n\nMarcianus et Zeno.\n\nUis coss. Ardaburius, imperium tentans, jussu Anthemii exsilio deportatur.\n\nSeverus et Jordanes.\n\nHis coss. Romanus patricius affectans imperium capitaliter est punitus.\n\nLeo Aug. IV et Probianus.\n\nHis coss. Constantinopoli affectata tyrannide a Lconc principe Aspar occiditur.\n\nFestus et Marcianus.\n\nIlis coss. patricius Hicimer Romae facto imperatore Olybrio, Anthemium contra reverentiain prin. cipis et jus affinitatis, cum gravi clade civitatis exstinguit; qui non diutius peracto scelere gloriatus, post dies defunctus est; Olybrius autem septimu imperii mense vitam peregit.","english":"Rusticus and Olybrius.\n\nIn their consulship Beorgor, king of the Alans, was killed at Bergomum by the patrician Ricimer.\n\nHerminericus and Basiliscus.\n\nIn their consulship, as it is said, Severus was killed by poison in the palace at Rome through the treachery of Ricimer.\n\nLeo Augustus, consul for the third time.\n\nPusaeus and John.\n\nIn their consulship Anthemius was sent to Italy by the emperor Leo, and at the third milestone from the City, in the place called Brontotas, he received the empire.\n\nAnthemius Augustus, consul for the second time.\n\nIn this consulship Marcellinus was killed in Sicily.\n\nMarcian and Zeno.\n\nIn this consulship Ardaburius, attempting the empire, was deported into exile by order of Anthemius.\n\nSeverus and Jordanes.\n\nIn their consulship Romanus, a patrician, aspiring to the empire, was punished capitally.\n\nLeo Augustus, consul for the fourth time, and Probianus.\n\nIn their consulship at Constantinople, after a tyranny had been attempted, Aspar was killed by the emperor Leo.\n\nFestus and Marcian.\n\nIn this consulship the patrician Ricimer, having made Olybrius emperor at Rome, destroyed Anthemius, against reverence for the emperor and the right of kinship, with grievous disaster to the city; and he, not glorying longer in the crime he had perpetrated, died after some days; but Olybrius completed his life in the seventh month of his reign.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":75,"ref":"p75","source":"Leo Aug. v cos.\n\nIloc cos. Gundibato hortante Glicerius Ravennæ sumpsit imperium. Eodem anno Leo nepotem suum Leonem consortem facit imperii.\n\nLeo junior Eug. cos.\n\nII. cos. imperator Leo senior defunctus est, cui Zeno successit in imperio, qui regnavit annis 17. Sub quo hi coss. fuerunt. Eo etiam anno Romæ Glicerio Nepos successit in regno.\n\nZENON XLVII.\n\nP. C. Leonis Aug. junioris.\n\nEodem anno Orestes, Nepote in Dalmatias fugato filio suo Augustulo dedit imperium.\n\nBasiliscus II et Armatus.\n\nHiscoss. ab Odoacre Orestes et frater ejus Paulus exstincti sunt, nomenque regis Odoacer assumpsit, eum tamen nec purpura, nec regalibus uteretur insignibus.\n\nP. C. Basilisci II et Armati.\n\nIllusv. c. cos.\n\nZeno Aug. II cos.\n\nBasilius v. c. Jun. cos.\n\nPlacidius v. c. cos.\n\nHoc cos. Odoacer inDalmatis OJivam vincit et perimit.\n\nSeverinus v. c. cos.","english":"Leo Augustus, consul for the fifth time.\n\nIn the consulship of Ilus, at the urging of Gundibad, Glycerius assumed imperial power at Ravenna. In the same year Leo made his nephew Leo his partner in the empire.\n\nLeo the younger and Eugenius, consuls.\n\nIn the second consulship of the emperor Leo the elder, he died, and Zeno succeeded him in the empire, and he reigned 17 years. Under him these were the consuls. In that same year at Rome Nepos succeeded Glycerius in the kingdom.\n\nZENO, 47th.\n\nIn the consulship of Leo Augustus the younger.\n\nIn the same year Orestes, after Nepos had fled into Dalmatia, gave the empire to his son Augustulus.\n\nBasiliscus for the second time and Armatus.\n\nIn their consulship Orestes and his brother Paulus were killed by Odoacer, and Odoacer assumed the name of king, yet he used neither the purple nor the royal insignia.\n\nIn the consulship of Basiliscus for the second time and Armatus.\n\nIllus, a most illustrious man, consul.\n\nZeno Augustus, consul for the second time.\n\nBasilius, a most illustrious man, and Junius, consuls.\n\nPlacidius, a most illustrious man, consul.\n\nIn this consulship Odoacer conquered and killed Ovida in Dalmatia.\n\nSeverinus, a most illustrious man, consul.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":76,"ref":"p76","source":"Faustus v. c. cos.\n\nD. N. Theodericus et Venantius.\n\nSymmachus v. c. cos.\n\nDec us et Longinus.\n\nBoetius v. c. cos.\n\nHoc cos. Odoacer Phæba rege Rugorum victo ca, toque potitus est.\n\nDinamius et Sifiæ\n\nProbinus et Eusehius.\n\nHis coss. felicissimus adque fortissimus D. N. rei Theodericus intravit haliam. Cui Odoacer ad Isonlium pugnam parans, victus cum tota gente fugatus est. Eodem anno repetito conflictu Veronx vincitur Odoacer.\n\nFaustus v. c. Jun. cos.\n\nHt cos. [Cusp., HiR coss.] ad Ducam Fluvium Odoacrem D. N. Theodericus rex tertio cerlamii e superavir, qui Ravennam fugiens, obsidetur inclusus.\n\nOlybrius v. c. Jun. cos.\n\nHoc cos. Odoacer cum Erulis egressus Ravenna, nocturnis horis ad pontem Candidium a D. N. rege Theoderico memorabili certamine superatur. Tunc etiam Wandali pace suppliciter postulata, a Siciliae solita depraedatione cessarunt. Eodem anno Zeno oceubuit Constantinopoli. Cui Anastasius in Orientali tuccessit imperio.","english":"Faustus, of clarissimus rank, consul.\n\nOur lord Theodericus and Venantius.\n\nSymmachus, of clarissimus rank, consul.\n\nDecus and Longinus.\n\nBoetius, of clarissimus rank, consul.\n\nIn this consulship Odoacer, after defeating and killing Feva, king of the Rugi, took possession of [their territory].\n\nDinamius and Sifia.\n\nProbinus and Eusebius.\n\nIn these consulships our lord Theodericus, most fortunate and most valiant, entered Italy. Odoacer, preparing for battle against him at the Isonzo, was defeated and put to flight with his whole people. In the same year, when the conflict was renewed at Verona, Odoacer was defeated.\n\nFaustus, of clarissimus rank, consul for the second time.\n\nIn this consulship, at the Ducam Fluvium, our lord king Theodericus overcame Odoacer in a third battle; fleeing to Ravenna, he was besieged and shut in.\n\nOlybrius, of clarissimus rank, consul for the second time.\n\nIn this consulship Odoacer, having set out from Ravenna with the Heruli, was overcome in a memorable battle by our lord king Theodericus at the Candidus Bridge during the night hours. Then also the Vandals, having suppliantly sought peace, ceased from their customary plundering of Sicily. In the same year Zeno died at Constantinople. Anastasius succeeded him in the imperial rule of the East.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":77,"ref":"p77","source":"ANASTASIUS XLVIII.\n\nAnastasius Aug. et Rufus.\n\nAlbinus v. c. cos.\n\nHoc cos. D. N. rex Theodericus Ravennam in. gressus, Odoacrem molientem sihi insidias interemit.\n\nAsterius et Præsidius.\n\nViator v. c. cos.\n\nPaulus v. c. cos.\n\nAnastasius Aug. II cos.\n\nPaulinus et Joannes.\n\nJoannes v. c. cos.\n\nPatricius et Hypatibus. %\n\nHoc anno D. N. res Theodericus Romam cunctotum votis expetitus advenit, et senatum suum mira affabilitate tractans. Romanas plebi donavit annonas. a'que admirandis moenibus [Cusp., xeniis] deputata per annos singulos maxima pecuniae quantilate subvenit. Sub cujus felici imperio plurimae reno. vantur urbes, munitissima castella conduntur, concurgunt admiranda palatia, magnisque ejus operibus an iqua miracula superantur.\n\nAvienus et Pompeius.\n\nAvienus Jun. et Probus.\n\nHis coss. D. N. rex Theodericus aquam Ravennam perduxit; cujus formam [Cusp., forinas] sumptu propro instauravit, quae longis ante fuerat ad solum reducto temporibus.","english":"ANASTASIUS XLVIII.\n\nAnastasius Augustus and Rufus.\n\nAlbinus, of clarissimus rank, consul.\n\nIn this consulship our lord King Theodericus, having entered Ravenna, put an end to Odoacer as he was plotting treachery against him.\n\nAsterius and Praesidius.\n\nViator, of clarissimus rank, consul.\n\nPaulus, of clarissimus rank, consul.\n\nAnastasius Augustus, consul for the second time.\n\nPaulinus and Joannes.\n\nJoannes, of clarissimus rank, consul.\n\nPatricius and Hypatius.\n\nIn this year our lord King Theodericus came to Rome, sought out by the vows of all, and treated his senate with wondrous affability. He granted the Roman grain dole to the people, and to the wondrous walls, by funds assigned yearly, he supplied a very great quantity of money. Under his happy rule very many cities are renewed, most strongly fortified castles are founded, admirable palaces are raised, and by his great works ancient marvels are surpassed.\n\nAvienus and Pompeius.\n\nAvienus the Younger and Probus.\n\nIn these consulships our lord King Theodericus brought water to Ravenna; he restored its aqueduct at his own expense, which had long before been reduced to the ground in times past.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":78,"ref":"p78","source":"[Hic forte amanuensium incuria omittuntur Dexecratut et Volusianus, quos cæteri omnes hoc anno fuisse consules asserunt. ]\n\nCethaeus v. c. cos.\n\nIIoc cos. Virtute D. N. regis Theoderici victis Bulgaribus Syrmium recipit Italia.\n\nTheodorus et Sabinianus.\n\nMessalla et Areobinda.\n\nAnastasius Aug. III et Venantius.\n\nVenantius Junior [Cusp., 2] et Coler.\n\nlIis coss. contra Francos a D. N. destinatur exercitus, qui Gallias Francorum depraedatione confusas, victis hostibus ac fugatis suo acquisivit imperio.\n\nImportunus v. c. cos.\n\nBoetius v. c. cos.\n\nFe ix et Secundinus.\n\nPaulus et Muschianus.\n\nProbus et Clementinus.\n\nSenator v. c. cos.\n\nMe etiam cos. in vestrorum laude temporum addnato clero vel populo Romanae Ecclesiæ rediit optata concordia.\n\nFlorentinus et Anthemius.\n\nHis coss. D. N. rex Theodericus filiam suam Domnam Amalasuntam gloriosi viri D. N. Eutbarici matrimonio, Deo auspice. copulavit","english":"Here, by chance, through the carelessness of the copyists, Dexicrates and Volusianus are omitted, whom all the others assert to have been consuls in this year.\n\nCethaeus, of clarissimus rank, consul.\n\nIn this consulship, by the valor of our lord King Theodericus, the Bulgars were conquered and Sirmium recovered by Italy.\n\nTheodorus and Sabinianus.\n\nMessalla and Areobindus.\n\nAnastasius Augustus for the third time and Venantius.\n\nVenantius the Younger and Coler.\n\nIn these consulships, an army was sent by our lord against the Franks, and it won for his empire the provinces of Gaul, thrown into confusion by the plundering of the Franks, once the enemies had been conquered and put to flight.\n\nImportunus, of clarissimus rank, consul.\n\nBoetius, of clarissimus rank, consul.\n\nFaustus the Younger and Secundinus.\n\nPaulus and Muschianus.\n\nProbus and Clementinus.\n\nSenator, of clarissimus rank, consul.\n\nIn my own consulship as well, with the clergy and people of the Roman Church added to the praise of your times, the desired concord returned.\n\nFlorentinus and Anthemius.\n\nIn these consulships, our lord King Theodericus joined his daughter, the lady Amalasuntha, in marriage to the glorious man our lord Eutharicus, with God as patron.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":79,"ref":"p79","source":"Petrus v. c. cos.\n\nAnastasius et Agapitus.\n\nMagnus v. c. cos. [Hi coss, non inveniuntur in ed. Onuph. et posterioribus.]\n\nEo anno D. N. Eutharicus Cillica mirabili gratia senatus et plebis ad edendum exceptus est feliciter consulatum.\n\nD. N. Eutharicus Cillica et Justinus Aug. coss.\n\nEo anno multa vidit Roma miracula editionibus singulis; stupente etiam Symmacho Orientis legato, divitias Gothis Romanisque donatas dignitates cessit in curia: muneribus amphitheatralibus diversi generis feras, quas praesens aetas pro novitate miraretur, exhibuit. Cujus spectaculi voluptates etiam eiquisitas Africa sub devotione transmisit. Cunctis itaque eximia laude completis, tanto amore civibus Romanis insederat, ut ejus adhuc praesentiam desiderantibus Ravennam ad gloriosi patris remearet aspectus [Cusp., affatus], ubi iteratis editionibus tanta Gothis Romanisque dona largitus est, ut solus potuerit superare, quem Romae celebraverat consulatum.","english":"Petrus, of clarissimus rank, consul.\n\nAnastasius and Agapitus.\n\nMagnus, of clarissimus rank, consul. [These consuls are not found in the edition of Onuphrius and later editions.]\n\nIn that year our lord Eutharicus Cillica, by the wondrous favor of the senate and the people, was received to celebrate the consulship with good fortune.\n\nOur lord Eutharicus Cillica and Justin Augustus, consuls.\n\nIn that year Rome saw many marvels at the several presentations; even Symmachus, legate of the East, being astonished, the riches given to the Goths and Romans and the offices he yielded in the senate house: at the spectacles of the amphitheater he exhibited beasts of diverse kinds, which the present age would marvel at for their novelty. The pleasures of this spectacle even distant Africa sent over in devotion. And so, when all things had been completed with exceptional praise, he had so settled into the love of the Roman citizens that, while they still desired his presence, he returned to Ravenna to the sight of his glorious father, where, with repeated presentations, he bestowed such great gifts on the Goths and Romans that he alone could surpass the consulship which he had celebrated at Rome.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":80,"ref":"p80","source":"EPILOGUS.\n\nIgitur ut effusam annorum seriem auctorum testificatione digestam, sub brevitatis compendio redi gamns: Ab Adam usque ad diluvium, sicut ex Chronicis Eusebii et llieronymi colligimus, anni sunt \\\n\nA diluvio usquead Ninum Assyriorum regem anni sunt 899.\n\nA Nino usque ad Latinum regem anni sunt 852.\n\nA Latino rege usque ad Romulum anni sunt 457.\n\nA Romulo usque ad Brutum et Tarquinium primos consules anni sunt [Cusp., 242].\n\nA Bruto et Tarquinio usque ad consulatum vestrum, sicut ex Tito Livio et AuOdio Basso, et Paschali [ Bucherius putat supplendum Victorii canone ] virorum clarorum auctoritate firmata collegimus, anui sunt [Cusp., 1270].\n\nAc si totus ordo saeculorum usque ad consulatum vestrum colligitur, anni sunt [Cusp., 5741; sed est error ia numeris].","english":"EPILOGUE.\n\nTherefore, so that I may set forth in a brief compendium the whole long series of years, digested by the testimony of the authors: From Adam to the flood, as we gather from the Chronicles of Eusebius and Jerome, there are [—] years.\n\nFrom the flood to Ninus, king of the Assyrians, there are 899 years.\n\nFrom Ninus to Latinus the king, there are 852 years.\n\nFrom Latinus the king to Romulus, there are 457 years.\n\nFrom Romulus to Brutus and Tarquinius, the first consuls, there are [Cusp., 242] years.\n\nFrom Brutus and Tarquinius to your consulate, as we have gathered from Titus Livius and Aufidius Bassus, and the Paschal [Bucherius thinks the canon of Victorius must be supplied], confirmed by the authority of illustrious men, there are [Cusp., 1270] years.\n\nAnd if the whole order of the ages is reckoned up to your consulate, there are [Cusp., 5741; but there is an error in the numbers] years.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]}]}