{"slug":"tmp1149.tmp1149.opp-lat1","id":"latin:ogl-pl:tmp1149.tmp1149.opp-lat1","title":"Opuscula Omissa","title_source":"Opuscula Omissa","author":"Dionysius Exiguus","genre":"other","date":"","tradition":"latin","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T06:21:04Z","cost_usd":0.005111},"source":{"registry_id":"latin:ogl-pl:tmp1149.tmp1149.opp-lat1","work_id":"tmp1149.tmp1149.opp-lat1","edition":"ogl-pl","language":"","license":"Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License","url":"https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/patrologia_latina-dev/blob/master/data/tmp1149/tmp1149/tmp1149.tmp1149.opp-lat1.xml"},"stats":{"passages":10,"english_words":2142,"coptic_letters":0,"source_letters":9040,"commentary_units":55,"commentary_kinds":9,"derived_notes":1,"ambiguities":15,"work_notes":4,"external_links":6,"timeline":6},"summary":{"work":"tmp1149.tmp1149.opp-lat1","abstract":"The Opuscula Omissa is a collection of minor works by Dionysius Exiguus (c. 470–544), a Scythian monk and canonist active in Rome. The collection survives in a single manuscript tradition with significant lacunae. It includes letters, such as one from Pope Hormisdas (r. 514–523) to Bishop Caesarius of Arles, addressing ecclesiastical discipline and the end of the Acacian schism. The works were later cited in medieval canon law collections like Gratian's Decretum, often without attribution. The edition lacks a critical apparatus, so users must consult facsimiles for variant readings.","historical_context":"Dionysius Exiguus worked in Rome during the late 5th and early 6th centuries, a period of theological and political tension between the Latin West and Greek East. The Acacian schism (484–519) divided Rome and Constantinople over Christological disputes. Pope Hormisdas, who corresponded with Caesarius of Arles, played a key role in restoring communion. Caesarius, bishop of Arles (c. 470–542), was a reformer and ally of Rome. The Opuscula Omissa likely compiled letters and decrees from this milieu, though precise dates for individual pieces are unknown. The collection's single manuscript tradition, with early lacunae, suggests limited circulation. Its later use in Gratian's Decretum shows its influence on medieval canon law, though often without attribution to Dionysius.","significance":"The Opuscula Omissa provides insight into early 6th-century ecclesiastical politics and the transmission of papal letters. Its inclusion in Gratian's Decretum highlights its role in shaping medieval canon law. The collection also reflects Dionysius Exiguus's broader work as a translator and compiler, which influenced Western legal and liturgical traditions.","timeline":[{"date":"c. 470","event":"Birth of Dionysius Exiguus, likely in Scythia Minor (modern Dobruja region)."},{"date":"c. 500–525","event":"Dionysius active in Rome, compiling canon law collections and translating Greek works."},{"date":"514–523","event":"Pontificate of Pope Hormisdas, whose letters appear in the Opuscula Omissa."},{"date":"c. 470–542","event":"Life of Caesarius of Arles, recipient of Hormisdas's letter in the collection."},{"date":"c. 1140","event":"Gratian's Decretum cites works from the Opuscula Omissa, often without attribution."},{"date":"undated","event":"Single manuscript tradition of Opuscula Omissa with significant lacunae."}],"relations":[{"work":"Decretum Gratiani","relation":"Later medieval canon law collection citing these opuscula, often without attribution.","key":"wikipedia:Decretum Gratiani","label":"Wikipedia: Decretum Gratiani","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decretum_Gratiani"},{"work":"Letters of Pope Hormisdas","relation":"Included in the collection; Hormisdas was a key figure in ending the Acacian schism.","key":"wikipedia:Pope Hormisdas","label":"Wikipedia: Pope Hormisdas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Hormisdas"},{"work":"Works of Caesarius of Arles","relation":"Caesarius corresponded with Hormisdas; his reforms align with the letter's content.","key":"wikipedia:Caesarius of Arles","label":"Wikipedia: Caesarius of Arles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesarius_of_Arles"},{"work":"Dionysius Exiguus's canon law collections","relation":"Part of Dionysius's broader compilation efforts; the Opuscula Omissa are minor works omitted from earlier editions.","key":"wikipedia:Dionysius Exiguus","label":"Wikipedia: Dionysius Exiguus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysius_Exiguus"},{"work":"Acacian schism","relation":"Historical context for Hormisdas's letters; the schism ended in 519.","key":"wikipedia:Acacian schism","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[{"key":"wikipedia:Dionysius Exiguus","label":"Dionysius Exiguus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysius_Exiguus","reason":"Compiler of the Opuscula Omissa; provides biographical and historical context."},{"key":"wikipedia:Pope Hormisdas","label":"Pope Hormisdas","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Hormisdas","reason":"Author of a key letter in the collection; central to the Acacian schism."},{"key":"wikipedia:Caesarius of Arles","label":"Caesarius of Arles","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesarius_of_Arles","reason":"Recipient of Hormisdas's letter; important bishop and reformer."},{"key":"wikipedia:Decretum Gratiani","label":"Decretum Gratiani","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decretum_Gratiani","reason":"Later work that cites the Opuscula Omissa, showing its influence."},{"key":"wikipedia:Acacian schism","label":"Acacian schism","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacian_schism","reason":"Historical backdrop for the letters; ended during Hormisdas's pontificate."},{"key":"wikipedia:Canon law","label":"Canon law","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_law","reason":"Broader context for Dionysius's compilations and the collection's significance."}],"cautions":["The precise dates of composition for individual pieces in the Opuscula Omissa are unknown; only a general timeframe (c. 500–544) can be inferred.","The collection survives in a single manuscript tradition with significant lacunae, limiting textual certainty.","The edition lacks a critical apparatus; users must consult manuscript facsimiles for variant readings.","The attribution of the opening letter to Hormisdas may involve a scribal error, as the sender is listed as 'Paulinus' in the text."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000578,"generated":"2026-11-15T06:21:04Z"},"links":[{"kind":"source","label":"Open Greek and Latin Patrologia Latina","url":"https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/patrologia_latina-dev/blob/master/data/tmp1149/tmp1149/tmp1149.tmp1149.opp-lat1.xml"}],"checks":{"work":"tmp1149.tmp1149.opp-lat1","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":10,"translated":10,"commentary_passages":10,"commentary_units":55,"english_words":2142,"source_letters":8993,"commentary_kinds":9},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Opuscula Omissa survive in a single manuscript tradition, with significant lacunae in the earliest witnesses.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"Dionysius Exiguus (c. 470–544) compiled these opuscula, but the precise dates of composition for individual pieces remain uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"These opuscula were cited in later medieval canon law collections, notably in Gratian's Decretum, though often without attribution.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"This edition does not include a critical apparatus for variant readings; users should consult the manuscript facsimiles for textual cruces.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: other in Latin; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 10 narrative."},{"kind":"caution","severity":"caution","text":"1 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: ogl-pl — Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":10},"term_index":[],"citations":{},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"OPUSCULA OMISSA.\n\nOPUSCULUM PRIMUM SIVE\n\nEPISTOLA HORMISDÆ PAPÆ\n\nQua summus ille pontifex varia a Cæsario consfituta obfirmat, postulataque annuit.\n\n(Ex Bolland.)\n\nPaulinus dilectissimo fratri Cxsario Hormisda. Exsulto in Domino, dilectissime frater, et indesinenter exsulto, ita apud te religiosæ studium vigere reverentiæ, ut indefessae sollicitudinis continuatione pervigiles, quatenus in Ecclesia Dei quidquid ad cultum ejus pertinet novis quoque profectibus augeatur: et de caetero non aliquid satis officio putes, nisi sempef adjunxeris. Est tibi fideli cura specialis infixus propositus: et unde amabilis Deo propheta cum diceret, Ego semper in te speravi, Domine, devotionem hanc sibi non credens suffecisse, subjunxit: Et adjiciam super omnem laudem tuam. Amor verus non est solitus esse contentus obsequiis, et defectum sui charitas putat, nisi fervor dilectionis exæstuet. Videat licet inhaerentem præcordiis fidem, ut secrctorum speculator et cognitor Deus, non tamen dispensationem suam patitur occuli, aut thesaurum suum citra incrementum celari: jubet cultores suos arcanam reverentiam in aperto producere, et laudem suam personanti exsultatione cantare.","english":"The Little Works Omitted.\n\nThe First Little Work, or\n\nThe Letter of Pope Hormisdas\n\nBy which that supreme pontiff confirms various decrees established by Caesarius and grants his requests.\n\n(From Bolland.)\n\nPaulinus to his most beloved brother Caesarius, Hormisdas. I rejoice in the Lord, most beloved brother, and I rejoice unceasingly, that the zeal of religious reverence flourishes so in you, that you are watchful with the continuation of unwearied solicitude, so that in the Church of God whatever pertains to its worship may be increased even by new advancements: and that henceforth you think nothing sufficiently done in your office, unless you have always added something more. You have a special care fixed as your purpose: and whence the prophet, dear to God, when he said, \"I have always hoped in you, Lord,\" not believing this devotion sufficient for himself, added: \"And I will add to all your praise.\" True love is not accustomed to be content with services, and charity considers itself lacking unless the fervor of love burns. Although God, the observer and knower of secrets, may see the faith clinging to your heart, yet he does not allow his dispensation to be hidden, or his treasure to be concealed without increase: he commands his worshippers to bring secret reverence into the open, and to sing his praise with resounding exultation.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"OPUSCULA OMISSA","severity":"info","text":"The title 'Opuscula Omissa' indicates this is a collection of minor works omitted from earlier editions, here beginning with a letter of Pope Hormisdas.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Hormisda","severity":"info","text":"Pope Hormisdas (reigned 514–523) was a key figure in ending the Acacian schism between Rome and Constantinople; his letters often address ecclesiastical discipline.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Cxsario","severity":"info","text":"Caesarius of Arles (c. 470–542) was a bishop and prolific reformer; Hormisdas corresponded with him to confirm synodal decrees and grant privileges.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"Ego semper in te speravi, Domine ... Et adjiciam super omnem laudem tuam","severity":"info","text":"This is a paraphrase of Psalm 31:1–2 (Vulgate numbering), where the speaker declares hope in God and resolves to add to his praise.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Paulinus","severity":"info","text":"The letter opens with 'Paulinus' as the sender, but the heading attributes it to Hormisdas; this may be a scribal error or a reference to a secretary or co-author.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Cxsario","severity":"caution","text":"The Latin text has 'Cxsario' and 'Cxsarius' (with 'x' for 'ae'), a common medieval spelling variant; the English draft normalizes to 'Caesarius'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The opening salutation 'Paulinus ... Hormisda' is ambiguous: it may be a scribal error for 'Hormisdas' as sender, or 'Paulinus' could be a co-author or secretary.","The phrase 'secrctorum speculator' is likely a scribal corruption of 'secretorum speculator' (observer of secrets)."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"Hæc ideo, quia in Arelatensi Ecclesia, super clericorum et monachorum excubias consuetas, puellarum quoque Dei noviter choros inslituisse te, directis litteris indicasti, poscens ut in præfato puellarum monasterio a te nuper condito nullam potestatem successores quandoque tui habere penitus permittantur, quatenus sacratæ Deo virgines ab omni inquietudine vel molestia absolutæ, omnipotenti Deo liberis mentibus valeant jugiter famulari..\n\nDigna providentia sacerdotalibus institutis ad pudicitiam decantandam Deo corda compungere, et sacro cultui de illis seminibus mysticis fructum virginitatis offerre. Hoc esse summum votunl suum in illis voluminibus sacris declaravit Apostolus, dicens: Desponsavi vos uni viro virginem castam exhibere Christo. Quamobrem, petitionibus fraternitatis tuæ libentissime annuentes, apostolica auctoritate firmamus atque decernimus, ut nullus episcoporum successorum quoque tuorum in antedicto monasterio audeat sibi potestatem aliquam penitus vindicare. nisi tantum pro Dei intuitu, pastoralem sollicitudinem gerens, familiain Christi Domini ibidem positam congruis quibusque temporibus (juxta quod condecet) sincero animo cum suis clericis studeat visitare. Tum deinde aequum est ut par-Hi devotione uterque sexus, locis sibi congruis consistens, Dei gloriam concinat, sicut stabili atque plenissima (ide uterque spem redemptionis exspectat.","english":"This is why, because in the Church of Arles, in addition to the customary vigils of clerics and monks, you indicated by a letter you sent that you had newly established choirs of God’s maidens, asking that in the aforementioned monastery of maidens recently founded by you, your successors, whenever they may be, be permitted to have absolutely no power, so that the virgins consecrated to God, freed from all disturbance or annoyance, may be able to serve Almighty God continually with free minds.\n\nIt is a worthy provision of priestly institutions to stir hearts to sing the praises of chastity to God and to offer the fruit of virginity to sacred worship from those mystical seeds. The Apostle declared this to be his highest wish in those sacred volumes, saying: I have betrothed you to one husband, to present a chaste virgin to Christ. Therefore, most willingly assenting to the requests of your fraternity, we confirm and decree by apostolic authority that no bishop, nor any of your successors, shall dare to claim any power whatsoever for himself in the aforementioned monastery, except that, for the sake of God, bearing pastoral solicitude, he may strive to visit the household of Christ the Lord placed there at whatever suitable times (as is fitting) with a sincere heart, together with his clerics. Then, moreover, it is fitting that each sex, with equal devotion, standing in places appropriate to itself, should sing the glory of God, just as each, with stable and most full faith, awaits the hope of redemption.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"puellarum quoque Dei noviter choros instituisse","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'choirs of God's maidens' refers to newly established communities of consecrated virgins, distinct from the existing vigils of clerics and monks.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"Desponsavi vos uni viro virginem castam exhibere Christo","severity":"info","text":"This is a paraphrase of 2 Corinthians 11:2, where Paul speaks of presenting the church as a pure virgin to Christ. The exact wording is not biblical but reflects patristic adaptation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Arelatensi Ecclesia","severity":"info","text":"The Church of Arles was a major metropolitan see in Gaul, and Caesarius of Arles (c. 470–542) was its bishop, known for founding monastic communities for women.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Hæc ideo ... Quamobrem","severity":"info","text":"The passage moves from a specific request (the foundation of a monastery) to a general principle (apostolic authority granting exemption from episcopal control), then to a concluding exhortation on equal devotion.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"apostolica auctoritate firmamus atque decernimus","severity":"info","text":"This letter, attributed to Pope Hormisdas (514–523), was later included in collections of papal decretals and used to support monastic exemptions from episcopal jurisdiction.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"par-Hi devotione","severity":"caution","text":"The reading 'par-Hi' is likely a scribal error or editorial mark; the intended phrase is probably 'pari devotione' (with equal devotion), as in the English draft.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'par-Hi devotione' is corrupt; the reading 'pari devotione' is adopted based on context and the English draft."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"Quod autem venditionem ad dilectionem tuam, donationemque in monasterio earumdem puellarutn Dei ante fa tali, nostra postulas auctoritate roborari, sperans ut ecclesiasticorum alienatio praedio. rum non præsumatur in posterum, nostris interdicta decretis; probamus propositum tuum, et desidcrium in tantum fatemur esse laudabile, ut gaudeamus, vobis quoque eadem non licere. Sed non oportuit distrahi quod ecclesiae servituris de ecclesiæ substantia ratio suadebat prorsus emptione concedi: boni operis fructum decet esse gratuitum; exspectanda est recti studii merces potius quam petenda, ne per utiJitatem venditionis imminuatur remuneratio charitatis. Confirmamus tamen circa monasterium virginum a vobis vel venditum, vel donatum, et sub eadem via alienationem ecclesiasticorum prædiorum decretis præsentibus exhibemus, quod per sacerdotes omnes ad charitatis vestræ diœcesim pertinentes, sub vestra dispositione perferte: æquum est enim ut quæ salubriter ordinantur generaliter obediant. Deus te incolumem custodiat, frater charissime.","english":"However, regarding the sale and donation to your beloved self, and the donation in the monastery of those same maidens of God before the aforesaid altar, you ask that these be strengthened by our authority, hoping that the alienation of ecclesiastical estates may not be presumed in the future, forbidden by our decrees. We approve your intention, and we confess that your desire is so praiseworthy that we rejoice that even you are not permitted to do the same. But it was not fitting that what serves the church should be alienated from the substance of the church, when reason advised that it be granted entirely by purchase. The fruit of a good work ought to be gratuitous; the reward of right endeavor is to be awaited rather than sought, lest through the utility of the sale the recompense of charity be diminished. Nevertheless, we confirm, concerning the monastery of virgins, whether sold or donated by you, and under the same heading, we present by these decrees the prohibition of alienation of ecclesiastical estates, which you are to convey, under your arrangement, through all the priests belonging to the diocese of your charity. For it is fitting that what is salutarily ordained be generally obeyed. May God keep you safe, dearest brother.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"venditionem ad dilectionem tuam, donationemque","severity":"info","text":"The Latin syntax is awkward: 'venditionem ad dilectionem tuam' likely means 'sale to your beloved self,' i.e., to the bishop, while 'donationemque' coordinates a donation to the monastery. The English draft smooths this.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ecclesiasticorum praediorum","severity":"info","text":"'Ecclesiastical estates' refers to landed property belonging to the church, whose alienation (sale or transfer) is a recurring concern in canon law, as reflected in the decretals cited.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"monasterium virginum","severity":"info","text":"The 'monastery of virgins' is a female monastic foundation, likely the one mentioned in the previous passage as newly established by the bishop of Arles. Dionysius Exiguus compiled decretals regulating such institutions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Confirmamus tamen ... quod per sacerdotes omnes ... perferte","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a general prohibition of alienation to a specific confirmation for the monastery, then instructs the bishop to disseminate the decree. The switch from third-person 'quod' to second-person 'perferte' is abrupt.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"nostris interdicta decretis","severity":"info","text":"This phrase echoes the language of papal decretals collected by Dionysius Exiguus, whose work became foundational for Western canon law. The 'decreta' here likely refer to earlier conciliar or papal rulings.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"sub eadem via","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'sub eadem via' is obscure; it may mean 'under the same heading' or 'in the same manner.' The English draft renders it as 'under the same heading,' but the Latin is ambiguous.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'sub eadem via' is unclear; the reading 'under the same heading' is adopted. The syntax of 'venditionem ad dilectionem tuam, donationemque' is elliptical, but the sense is clear from context."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"OPUSCULUM SECUNDUM sive CONCILIUM' CARPENTORACTENSE QUOD PRÆSIDENTE CÆSARIO HABITUM EST.\n\nCONSTITUTIO SANCTORUM EPISCOPORUM\n\nConcilii Carpentoraclensis, sub d'e VIII Idus Novemb es, Mavortio V. C. Consule I, id est, anno Christi 327I, Felicis IV papce 2, Athalarici Italiæ regia 2, tempore Liberii præfecti.\n\nCANON UNICUS.\n\na De eo quod parochiis fuerit a Christiania collatum, quantum aut qualiter ab episcopo præsumatur.\n\nLicet omnia quae ecclesiastica regula præcepit observari, in multis canonibus contineantur inserta, nascuntur tamen causæ pro quibus necesse habent sacerdotes Domini, quod ad justitiam pertinet, secundum disciplinam ecclesiasticam ordinare. Et ideo quia CarpentoracLe convenientes hujusmodi ad nos querela pervenit, quod ea quæ a quibuscunque fidelibus parochiis conferuntur, ita ab aliquibus episcopis præsumantur, ut aut parum, aut prope nihil ecclesiis quibus collata fuerant, relinquatur: hoc nobis justum et rationabile visum est, ut si ecclesia civitalis ejus cui episcopus præest, ita est idonea ut Christo propitio nihil indigeat, quidquid parochiis fuerit derelictum, clericis qui ipsis parochiis deserviunt vel reparationibus ecclesiarum rationabiliter dispensetur.","english":"SECOND OPUSCULUM, OR THE COUNCIL OF CARPENTRAS, WHICH WAS HELD UNDER THE PRESIDENCY OF CAESARIUS.\n\nCONSTITUTION OF THE HOLY BISHOPS\n\nOf the Council of Carpentras, held on the 8th day before the Ides of November, under the consulship of Mavortius, Vir Clarissimus, for the first time, that is, in the year of Christ 327, of Pope Felix IV 2, of Athalaric, King of Italy 2, in the time of Liberius the Prefect.\n\nSOLE CANON.\n\nConcerning what has been bestowed upon parishes by the Christian faithful, how much or in what manner it may be taken by the bishop.\n\nAlthough all things which the ecclesiastical rule commands to be observed are contained and inserted in many canons, yet causes arise for which the priests of the Lord must ordain, according to ecclesiastical discipline, what pertains to justice. And therefore, because when we assembled at Carpentras, a complaint of this kind reached us, that those things which are conferred upon parishes by any of the faithful are so taken by some bishops that either little or almost nothing is left to the churches to which they were bestowed: this has seemed to us just and reasonable, that if the church of the city over which the bishop presides is so well-endowed that, with Christ's favor, it lacks nothing, whatever has been bequeathed to the parishes should be reasonably distributed among the clerics who serve those parishes or for the repairs of the churches.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"anno Christi 327","severity":"caution","text":"The date 'anno Christi 327' is anachronistic for a council under Pope Felix IV (526–530) and King Athalaric (526–534). The year 327 is likely a scribal error or a later insertion; the consulship of Mavortius (527) is more plausible.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"parochiis","severity":"info","text":"The Latin 'parochiis' (dative/ablative plural of 'parochia') refers to rural parishes or dependent churches, distinct from the city church ('ecclesia civitalis'). This reflects early medieval diocesan structure.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Carpentoractense","severity":"info","text":"The Council of Carpentras (Carpentoractum, modern Carpentras in Provence) was a Gallic synod held under Caesarius of Arles (president). It addressed episcopal control over parish endowments, a recurring issue in 6th-century Gaul.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"CANON UNICUS","severity":"info","text":"The rubric 'CANON UNICUS' (sole canon) indicates that the council issued only one decree. The heading summarizes its content: limiting episcopal appropriation of parish donations.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"CONSTITUTIO SANCTORUM EPISCOPORUM","severity":"info","text":"The title 'Constitutio Sanctorum Episcoporum' frames the decree as a binding episcopal constitution. This canon was later included in canonical collections, such as the 'Collectio Dionysiana' and 'Hispana', influencing medieval church law on parish property.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"d'e VIII Idus Novemb es","severity":"caution","text":"The date formula 'd'e VIII Idus Novemb es' is corrupt: 'd'e' likely stands for 'die' (day), and 'Novemb es' for 'Novembris'. The intended date is the 8th day before the Ides of November (6 November).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The year '327' conflicts with the named consulship and papacy; likely a scribal error for 527 or a later interpolation.","The phrase 'sub d'e VIII Idus Novemb es' is textually corrupt but can be resolved as 'die VIII Idus Novembris'."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":5,"ref":"p5","source":"Si vero episcopum multas expensas, et minorem substantiam habere constiterit, parochiis quibus largior fuerit collata substantia, hoc tantum quod clericis vel sartis tectis rationabiliter sufficiat, reservetur: quod autem amplas fuerit, propter majores expensas episcopus ad se debeat revocare: ita tamen ut nihil de facultatula ipsa, vel de ministerio a, clerici loci ipsius licentiam habeant minuendi. Hoc etiam placuit custodiri, ut sequenti anno in vico Vasensi octavo idus Novembres debeat concilium congregari.\n\nSubscriptione. episcoporum.\n\nCaesarius in Cbristi nomine episcopus constitutionem nostram relegi et subscripsi. Not. sub die VIII Idus Novemb. d. Mavortio V. C. consule. Ex actis bujus concilii illud tantum reperitur hic sancitum esse decretum, quid non, et quaRtum ex bonis parodiiali ec..-clesiæ ablatis episcopo sumere putat. Agrcecium episcopum, ideo quod perperam ordinasset, vocatusque ad concilium contumaciter remansisset, auctoritatc hujus concilii a missatum sacrarum celebratione suspensum fuisse, patet infra ex epistola synodali ad cuaR scripta. Baron. ann. 465, II. 43.","english":"If indeed it is established that a bishop has many expenses and lesser resources, from the parishes to which a larger endowment has been granted, only so much as may reasonably suffice for the clergy and for the repair of roofs shall be reserved; whatever is in excess, however, the bishop ought to recall to himself on account of the greater expenses, yet in such a way that the clergy of that place have no license to diminish anything from that small property or from its ministry. It was also resolved that this be observed, that in the following year a council should be convened at the town of Vaison on the eighth day before the Ides of November.\n\nSubscription of the bishops.\n\nCaesarius, bishop in the name of Christ, read our constitution and subscribed. Noted on the day before the Ides of November, under the consulship of Mavortius, vir clarissimus. From the acts of this council, only that decree is found to have been sanctioned here, concerning what and how much from the goods of the parochial church taken away the bishop might take. That Agroecius, a bishop, because he had ordained improperly and, when summoned to the council, had remained contumaciously, was suspended from the celebration of the sacred rites by the authority of this council, is evident below from the synodal letter written to him. Baronius, year 465, number 43.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"parochiis quibus largior fuerit collata substantia","severity":"info","text":"The phrase refers to parishes that have received a larger endowment, from which only enough for clergy and roof repairs is reserved; the bishop may recall the surplus for his own greater expenses.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"sartis tectis","severity":"info","text":"A fixed phrase meaning 'repair of roofs,' used in ecclesiastical Latin to denote building maintenance obligations of a church.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"sequenti anno in vico Vasensi octavo idus Novembres","severity":"info","text":"This mandates a council at Vaison on 6 November of the following year, providing a chronological anchor for the conciliar series.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"Baron. ann. 465, II. 43","severity":"info","text":"The editor cites Baronius's Annales Ecclesiastici for the year 465, indicating that the suspension of Bishop Agroecius was recorded there.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Ex actis bujus concilii illud tantum reperitur hic sancitum esse decretum","severity":"caution","text":"The text notes that only this decree survives from the council's acts, implying possible loss or selective transmission of the original conciliar records.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Agrcecium episcopum","severity":"info","text":"Agroecius, a bishop mentioned as having ordained improperly and been suspended, is a figure known from Gallic conciliar history; his case illustrates enforcement of disciplinary canons.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Latin text contains a scribal error: 'quod autem amplas fuerit' likely should read 'quod autem amplius fuerit' (whatever is in excess). The English draft follows the corrected sense.","The phrase 'a missatum sacrarum celebratione' is garbled; the intended meaning is 'suspensum fuisse a missarum sacrarum celebratione' (suspended from the celebration of the sacred masses)."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":6,"ref":"p6","source":"Quo anno pr;.ccise, quove die hæc synodus celebrata fuca-it., non constat: eamdem vero circa hæc allegata tempora habitam fuisse, facile conjicere posSumus ex eo quod ferme omnes iidem episcopi huic interfuisse et subscripsisse reperiantur, qui subsequentibus duobus, Arausicano II ct Valensi conciliis subscripserunt. Placuit igitur hunc conventum hisce præeligere, quibuscum eorumdem episcoporum præsentiam et subscriptionem habere meruit. CarpentoraCLe est urbs Gallie Narbonensis, cujus memiliit Plinius Itb. III, cap. 4. SEV. BINIUS.\n\nI Quanquam characteres chronologiCi concilii hujus nihil ambigui exhibere videntur, suspicio tamen.nihi ingeritur, nuin forte in errorelD scriptores induxerint. Versor enim ambiguus IIUln vera sint, quæ tamen admittuntur ab omnibus, hoc scilicet concilium anno Mavortii consulatu notato, tribuendum esse. Id eniin deduco ex concilio Vasensi III, quod anno Decii Junioris consulatu notato die non. Novembris celebratum est. Concilium namque hoc Vasense indictum est in Carpentoractensi concilio ad annum proxime sequentem his verbis: JJot etiam placuit custodiri, ut sequenti anno ut rico ra* sensi VIR id. Not-e,..b. debeat concilium congregari Cum igitur Vasense convenerit arno 529, anno proxime præccdenti, nempe 528, Carpenioractense habitum ruisse oportet. Id etiam indicat dies qua conciłium istud Carpentoractense celebraitini fuit, nempe dies viii id.","english":"In what precise year and on what day this synod was celebrated is not established; but that it was held around the time here alleged, we can easily conjecture from the fact that nearly all the same bishops are found to have attended and subscribed to it who subscribed to the two subsequent councils, the Second Council of Orange and the Council of Valence. It has therefore pleased us to place this assembly before these, with which it merited to have the presence and subscription of the same bishops. Carpentoracte is a city of Gallia Narbonensis, which Pliny mentions in Book III, chapter 4. SEV. BINIUS.\n\nI. Although the chronological characters of this council seem to exhibit nothing ambiguous, a suspicion nevertheless arises in me, lest perhaps they have led writers into error. For I am in doubt whether what is admitted by all is true, namely that this council is to be assigned to the year marked by the consulship of Mavortius. For I deduce this from the Third Council of Vaison, which was celebrated on the day of the nones of November in the year marked by the consulship of Decius Junior. For this Council of Vaison was announced in the Council of Carpentoracte for the following year in these words: \"It also pleased that it be observed, that in the following year a council should be gathered at Vaison on the day before the ides of November.\" Since, therefore, the Council of Vaison met in the year 529, the Council of Carpentoracte must have been held in the immediately preceding year, namely 528. This is also indicated by the day on which that Council of Carpentoracte was celebrated, namely the day of the eighth before the ides.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"Carpentoractense concilium","severity":"info","text":"The passage argues that the Council of Carpentoracte was held in 528, based on the known date (529) of the Third Council of Vaison, which it announced for the following year.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Carpentoracte","severity":"info","text":"Carpentoracte (modern Carpentras) was a city in Gallia Narbonensis, mentioned by Pliny the Elder in his Natural History (Book III, chapter 4).","cites":[],"named_sources":["Pliny the Elder"],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"SEV. BINIUS","severity":"info","text":"The initials 'SEV. BINIUS' likely refer to the editor or annotator Severinus Binius, whose notes are incorporated into the text, indicating a layer of early modern scholarly commentary.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"characteres chronologiCi","severity":"caution","text":"The author expresses doubt about the reliability of the chronological markers ('characteres chronologiCi') of the council, warning that they may have misled previous writers despite appearing unambiguous.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Placuit igitur hunc conventum hisce præeligere","severity":"info","text":"This phrase marks a structural decision: the editor places the Carpentoracte council before the Second Council of Orange and the Council of Valence, based on shared episcopal subscriptions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The precise year and day of the Council of Carpentoracte are not established; the author deduces 528 from the known date of the Third Council of Vaison (529), but this depends on the assumption that the councils were held in consecutive years as announced."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":7,"ref":"p7","source":"Novembris. qua; nonnisi anno 528, in fe riam secundam, qua iniri solebant concilia, in:idit Hæc si adiniserimus, pro M al'orlio V. C. tos. le-Iro.. dum P. C. Mavortii V. C.cos. MANSI.\n\nI Hunc annurn docuit MavorLii COIIsulatult, quem in Csesarii episcopi subscriptione nobis exhib it unicus, sed longe optimus, codex Ecclesiae Lugdunensi, cui et diei quoque ac mensis notam debeoln\", quae in reliquis exemplaribus mutila erat. JAC. SI;IM6.VM75.\n\n* Lugduu. idem, et Anit., basilictrum. JAC. SmMONDUS.\n\nIS Vulgati, architectis; Lugdunensis, sarchitectis; Rhemensis, sarthitictis: facilis fuit conjectura sartit tectis. JAC. SIRMONDUS.\n\nlla diserte libri quatuor, quibus hoc loco usi somus, Lugdunensis, Anit., Rhemensis et Bellovac. Nec tamen aliena lectio vulgata, quae ad episcopum haec referebat: III nihil de minister;;. clericorum loci ipsius, licentiam liabeat minuendi. JA.c. SIRMO.NDITS.","english":"November. Which [day]? Only in the year 528, on the second feria, on which councils were accustomed to begin, does it fall. If we admit these [points], then for M[avortius] V[ir] C[larissimus] co[n]s[ul], read P[ost] C[onsulatum] Mavortii V[ir] C[larissimi] co[n]s[ulis]. MANSI.\n\nI have learned this year from the consulship of Mavortius, which the unique, but by far the best, codex of the Church of Lyons exhibits to us in the subscription of Bishop Caesarius, and to which I also owe the notation of the day and month, which in the other copies was mutilated. JAC. SIRMONDUS.\n\n* Lyons, the same, and Anit[ium], basilictrum. JAC. SIRMONDUS.\n\nThe printed editions have architectis; the Lyons codex, sarchitectis; the Rheims codex, sarthitictis: the conjecture sartit tectis was easy. JAC. SIRMONDUS.\n\nThis is stated explicitly by the four books which we have used in this place: the Lyons, Anit[ium], Rheims, and Beauvais codices. Yet the reading of the printed edition, which referred these words to the bishop, is not foreign: III has no authority to diminish the ministry of the clerics of that place. JAC. SIRMONDUS.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"Novembris","severity":"info","text":"The note on November and the second feria (Monday) in 528 is a chronological argument by Mansi, linking the consular date of Mavortius to the council's opening day.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"codex Ecclesiae Lugdunensi","severity":"info","text":"Sirmondus reports that the Lyons codex uniquely preserves the consulship of Mavortius in Bishop Caesarius's subscription, along with the day and month, which other copies lack.","cites":[],"named_sources":["Sirmondus"],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"basilictrum","severity":"info","text":"The word 'basilictrum' (a variant of 'basilica' or 'basilica with a crypt') appears in the Lyons and Anitium codices; Sirmondus notes it as a textual variant.","cites":[],"named_sources":["Sirmondus"],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"sarchitectis / sarthitictis","severity":"info","text":"Sirmondus records variant readings: printed editions have 'architectis', Lyons codex 'sarchitectis', Rheims codex 'sarthitictis', and he conjectures 'sartit tectis' (roofers).","cites":[],"named_sources":["Sirmondus"],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"III nihil de ministerio","severity":"caution","text":"Sirmondus notes that the printed edition's reading, referring the words to the bishop, is not foreign, but the four codices (Lyons, Anitium, Rheims, Beauvais) explicitly state that 'III' has no authority to diminish the ministry of the clerics of that place.","cites":[],"named_sources":["Sirmondus"],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The exact day in November 528 is not specified; the text only notes it falls on a Monday (second feria). The reading 'III' in the final note is ambiguous—possibly a numeral or abbreviation for a person or group."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":8,"ref":"p8","source":"Contumeliosus consensi et subscripsi.\n\nEucberius peccator consensi ct subscripsi.\n\nLupercianus peccator consensi et subscripsi.\n\nConstantius peccator consensi et subscripsi.\n\nAlethius peccator consensi et subscripsi.\n\nJulianus a consensi et subscripsi.\n\nProsper peccator consensi et subscripsi.\n\nVindemialis consensi et subscripsi.\n\nPorcianus peccator consensi et subscripsi.\n\nlIeraclius peccator consensi et subscripsi.\n\nPhilagrius peccator consensi et subscripsi.\n\nUranius peccator consensi et subscripsi.\n\nCyprianus peccator consensi et subscripsi.\n\nPrincipius peccator consensi et subscripsi.\n\nEPISTOLA SYNODI CARPENTORACTENSIS\n\nAD AGROECIUM I EPISCOPUM ANTIPOLITANUM.\n\nSuspenditur anni spatio a missarum celebratione epi scopus, qui ordinationem quamdam contra canones fecerat.\n\nDomino sancto ac venerabili fratri Agrœcio episcopo, Cæsarius episcopus et cæteri episcopi in Carpentoractensi synodo congregati.","english":"I, Contumeliosus, have consented and subscribed.\n\nI, Eucherius the sinner, have consented and subscribed.\n\nI, Lupercianus the sinner, have consented and subscribed.\n\nI, Constantius the sinner, have consented and subscribed.\n\nI, Alethius the sinner, have consented and subscribed.\n\nI, Julianus, have consented and subscribed.\n\nI, Prosper the sinner, have consented and subscribed.\n\nI, Vindemialis, have consented and subscribed.\n\nI, Porcianus the sinner, have consented and subscribed.\n\nI, Heraclius the sinner, have consented and subscribed.\n\nI, Philagrius the sinner, have consented and subscribed.\n\nI, Uranius the sinner, have consented and subscribed.\n\nI, Cyprianus the sinner, have consented and subscribed.\n\nI, Principius the sinner, have consented and subscribed.\n\nLETTER OF THE SYNOD OF CARPENToractum\n\nTO AGROECIUS, BISHOP OF ANTIPOLIS.\n\nA bishop who had performed a certain ordination contrary to the canons is suspended from the celebration of Mass for the space of a year.\n\nTo the holy lord and venerable brother Agrocius, bishop, from Caesarius, bishop, and the other bishops assembled in the synod of Carpentoractum.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"EPISTOLA SYNODI CARPENTORACTENSIS","severity":"info","text":"The list of subscriptions and the synodal letter are separate textual units. The subscriptions name individual bishops; the letter is addressed to Bishop Agrocius of Antipolis.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"peccator","severity":"info","text":"The Latin 'peccator' ('sinner') is a standard self-deprecatory formula in episcopal subscriptions, not an indication of personal moral status.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Carpentoractensis synodus","severity":"info","text":"Carpentoractum (modern Carpentras, France) was the site of a Gallic synod. The letter's content—suspending a bishop for a year for an irregular ordination—reflects canonical discipline in 6th-century Gaul.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"Agrocius episcopus Antipolitanus","severity":"info","text":"Agrocius was bishop of Antipolis (modern Antibes, France) in the early 6th century. The synod of Carpentoractum is often dated to ca. 529, placing this letter in the same period as the preceding consular discussion.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"subscriptiones episcoporum","severity":"info","text":"The list of fourteen subscribing bishops, several with the epithet 'peccator', is a typical feature of conciliar acta. The names include Contumeliosus, Eucherius, and Caesarius (the latter likely the metropolitan of Arles).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The precise date of the synod of Carpentoractum is not given; the letter's heading supplies only the addressee and sender.","The identity of 'Julianus a' (without 'peccator') may be a scribal omission or a variant formula."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":9,"ref":"p9","source":"Licet ad synodum aut per vos aut per personam vicariam debueritis adesse, ut ordinationis luce quam fecisse diceris, in synodali conventu redderes rationem, ut si recte feceras, absolutus cum charitate Deo propitio remeares; sin certe transgressorem te canonum esse constaret, præsenti denuntiatione cognoscereris, ut Deo medio prolata sententia, aut percelleret reum, aut absolveret supplicantem. quia Iicet sacerdotibus canones ignorare non liceat, tamen pene levior error fuerat, si per ignorantiam deliquisses, quam ut corum quibus tua a vel vicarii tui manus subscripserat, canonum transgressor existeres. At nunc vero duplici reatu teneris astrictus, cum non solurn contra venerabilium Patrum, sed etiam contra tua venisse decreta temere comprobaris. Quapropter hoc communi in Christo deliberatione sanximus, ut quia filium nostrum Protadium statuta canonibus per vos inserta, et vos simili sententia constringunt, usque emenso anno missas facere non præsumas 4, quia æquum est ut quod apud anlistiles Deo medio statuitur, inviolabiliter Deo propitio conservetur. Quæ enim observationis revcrentia a posteris exhibebitur, si ab iis primum lex, a quibus constituta est, violatur?","english":"Although you ought to have been present at the synod, either in person or through a vicar, so that you might give an account of the ordination you are said to have performed in the light of the synodal assembly—so that, if you had acted rightly, you might return absolved with charity, God willing; but if it were established that you were a transgressor of the canons, you would be informed by this present denunciation, so that, with God as mediator, the sentence pronounced would either strike the guilty or absolve the suppliant. For although it is not permitted for priests to be ignorant of the canons, yet your error would have been almost lighter if you had offended through ignorance, than that you should be a transgressor of the canons to which you or your vicar had subscribed with your own hand. But now you are held bound by a double guilt, since you are rashly proven to have come not only against the venerable Fathers' decrees, but also against your own. Therefore, by this common deliberation in Christ, we have decreed that, since our son Protadius is bound by the canons inserted through you, and you are bound by a similar sentence, you are not to presume to celebrate Mass for a full year, because it is just that what is established before the bishops with God as mediator be inviolably preserved, God willing. For what reverence for observance will be shown by posterity, if the law is first violated by those by whom it was established?","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ordinationis luce","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'ordinationis luce' is ambiguous: it may mean 'in the light of the ordination' (i.e., to justify it) or 'the light of ordination' (the act itself). The English draft takes it as the former, but the latter is possible.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"anlistiles","severity":"caution","text":"The Latin 'anlistiles' is a textual corruption; the intended word is likely 'antistites' (bishops). The English draft translates it as 'bishops', which is the standard emendation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"synodum","severity":"info","text":"This passage reflects the disciplinary procedure of a synod, where a bishop accused of irregular ordination must answer. The requirement to attend in person or by vicar is standard in early medieval canon law.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Quapropter ... sanximus","severity":"info","text":"This sentence marks the formal decree of the synod, imposing a one-year suspension from celebrating Mass. The structure follows a pattern: statement of guilt, then penalty, then justification.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"usque emenso anno missas facere non præsumas","severity":"info","text":"The penalty of a one-year suspension from celebrating Mass is a standard canonical sanction for clerical misconduct, attested in early medieval penitentials and conciliar decrees.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ordinationis luce' could be read as 'in the light of the ordination' (justifying it) or 'the light of ordination' (the act itself). The English draft takes the former.","The word 'anlistiles' is a corruption; the intended reading is 'antistites' (bishops)."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":10,"ref":"p10","source":"Cæsarius episcopus subscripsi.\n\nCyprianus episcopus subscripsi.\n\nConstantinus episcopus subscripsi.\n\nPoroianus episcopus subscripsi.\n\nCallicanus episcopus subscripsi.\n\nAlethius episcopus subscripsi.\n\nHeraclius episcopus subscripsi.\n\nPrincipius episcopus subscripsi.\n\nContumeliosus episcopus subscripsi.\n\nJulianus episcopus subscripsi.\n\nPhilagrius episcopus subscripsi.\n\nEucherius [ms., Euchirius] episcopus subscripsi.\n\nProsper episcopus subscripsi.\n\nUranius [ms., Oraniua] episcopus subscripsi.\n\nLuperianus episcopus subscripsi.\n\nVindemialis [ms., Vindimius] episcopus subscripsi.","english":"Bishop Caesarius, I have subscribed.\n\nBishop Cyprian, I have subscribed.\n\nBishop Constantine, I have subscribed.\n\nBishop Poroianus, I have subscribed.\n\nBishop Callicanus, I have subscribed.\n\nBishop Alethius, I have subscribed.\n\nBishop Heraclius, I have subscribed.\n\nBishop Principius, I have subscribed.\n\nBishop Contumeliosus, I have subscribed.\n\nBishop Julian, I have subscribed.\n\nBishop Philagrius, I have subscribed.\n\nBishop Eucherius, I have subscribed.\n\nBishop Prosper, I have subscribed.\n\nBishop Uranius, I have subscribed.\n\nBishop Luperianus, I have subscribed.\n\nBishop Vindemialis, I have subscribed.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a list of episcopal subscriptions, each following the formula 'Bishop X, I have subscribed.' It closes the synodal document.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Such subscription lists authenticate conciliar decrees in late antique church practice. The names here are largely Gallic bishops, suggesting a synod in Gaul.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The manuscript variants noted in brackets (e.g., 'Euchirius' for Eucherius, 'Oraniua' for Uranius) indicate scribal errors or alternative spellings in the transmission.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"subscripsi","severity":"info","text":"'Subscripsi' is the perfect tense of 'subscribo,' meaning 'I have subscribed' or 'I have signed below,' confirming the bishop's assent.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Several bishops here, such as Prosper of Aquitaine and Eucherius of Lyon, are known as theological writers, lending weight to the synod's authority.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The exact synod and date are not specified; the list may be from a council in Gaul in the 5th century. The spelling variants in the manuscript make some identifications uncertain."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]}]}