{"slug":"tmp1131.tmp1131.opp-lat1","id":"latin:ogl-pl:tmp1131.tmp1131.opp-lat1","title":"Epistolae","title_source":"Epistolae","author":"Viventulus Lugdunensis Episcopus","genre":"letter","date":"ANNO DOMINI 540 (Migne heading)","tradition":"latin","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T05:59:22Z","cost_usd":0.00139},"source":{"registry_id":"latin:ogl-pl:tmp1131.tmp1131.opp-lat1","work_id":"tmp1131.tmp1131.opp-lat1","edition":"ogl-pl","language":"","license":"Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License","url":"https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/patrologia_latina-dev/blob/master/data/tmp1131/tmp1131/tmp1131.tmp1131.opp-lat1.xml"},"stats":{"passages":2,"english_words":420,"coptic_letters":0,"source_letters":1635,"commentary_units":10,"commentary_kinds":6,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":4,"work_notes":5,"external_links":0,"timeline":5},"summary":{"work":"tmp1131.tmp1131.opp-lat1","abstract":"The Epistolae of Viventulus Lugdunensis Episcopus is a Latin letter from the late 5th to early 6th century, attributed to Viventulus, bishop of Lyon. It survives in a single Carolingian manuscript tradition of episcopal correspondence and was later cited in canonical collections like the Decretum Gratiani. The letter addresses ecclesiastical disputes in Gaul, likely concerning episcopal authority and synodal procedure. Its text contains lacunae and uncertain readings, especially in closing formulae, complicating interpretation. The edition lacks a full critical apparatus, which is available in the MGH edition.","historical_context":"The letter is dated to ca. 490–500, during the late 5th century, when Viventulus was bishop of Lyon in the Burgundian kingdom. This period saw ongoing ecclesiastical disputes in Gaul, often involving synods and episcopal authority. The letter likely functioned as a formal summons (tractoria) to a synod, a common genre in late antique church administration. It survives only in a Carolingian collection, indicating transmission through early medieval scriptoria. Its citation in the Decretum Gratiani shows its later canonical importance. The text's lacunae and uncertain readings reflect the challenges of manuscript transmission, and the MGH critical edition is needed for full variant readings.","significance":"The letter is significant as a rare witness to late 5th-century Gallic episcopal correspondence and synodal practice. It illustrates the administrative and theological concerns of the Burgundian church, particularly episcopal authority. Its inclusion in Gratian's Decretum underscores its lasting influence on canon law. The letter also provides insight into the transmission of patristic and early medieval texts through Carolingian and later collections.","timeline":[{"date":"ca. 490–500","event":"Viventulus, bishop of Lyon, writes the letter addressing ecclesiastical disputes in Gaul."},{"date":"6th–9th c.","event":"The letter is copied in a Carolingian collection of episcopal correspondence."},{"date":"12th c.","event":"The letter is cited in the Decretum Gratiani, a foundational canon law collection."},{"date":"19th c.","event":"The letter is published in Patrologia Latina, with a heading dating it to 540."},{"date":"20th c.","event":"Modern scholarship re-dates the letter to ca. 490–500 based on internal references."}],"relations":[{"work":"Decretum Gratiani","relation":"The letter is cited as a witness to episcopal authority in Gaul.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Works of Avitus of Vienne","relation":"The letter is transmitted alongside Avitus's corpus in some manuscripts.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"MGH critical edition","relation":"Provides the full apparatus of variant readings for the letter.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Patrologia Latina 59","relation":"Contains the letter within the works of Avitus of Vienne.","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[],"cautions":["The date 540 in the Migne heading is likely erroneous; internal evidence suggests ca. 490–500.","The letter survives in a single manuscript tradition, limiting textual certainty.","Lacunae and uncertain readings, especially in closing formulae, affect interpretation of the letter's purpose.","This edition lacks a full critical apparatus; consult the MGH edition for variant readings."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000416,"generated":"2026-11-15T05:59:22Z"},"links":[{"kind":"source","label":"Open Greek and Latin Patrologia Latina","url":"https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/patrologia_latina-dev/blob/master/data/tmp1131/tmp1131/tmp1131.tmp1131.opp-lat1.xml"}],"checks":{"work":"tmp1131.tmp1131.opp-lat1","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":2,"translated":2,"commentary_passages":2,"commentary_units":10,"english_words":420,"source_letters":1624,"commentary_kinds":6},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The letter survives only in a single manuscript tradition, likely copied in a Carolingian collection of episcopal correspondence.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Viventulus was bishop of Lyon in the late 5th century; the letter is dated to ca. 490–500 based on internal references to contemporary ecclesiastical disputes.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The letter was cited in later canonical collections, notably the Decretum Gratiani, as a witness to episcopal authority in Gaul.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The text contains several lacunae and uncertain readings, especially in the closing formulae, which may affect interpretation of the letter's purpose.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This edition does not include a full apparatus of variant readings from the manuscript tradition; for that, consult the critical edition by MGH.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: letter in Latin; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 2 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: ogl-pl — Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":2},"term_index":[],"citations":{},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"ANNO DOMINI DXL. VIVENTIOLUS EPISCOPUS LUGDUNENSIS.\n\nVIVENTIOLI EPISTOLÆ.\n\nEPISTOLA PRIMA\n\nAD AVITUM.\n\n(Quam legesis inter opera Aviti, Patrol. tom. LIX,col. 272.)\n\nEPISTOLA II.\n\n- AD EPISCOPOS PROVINCIÆ LUGDUNENSIS.\n\nTractoria A epistola Viventioli Lugdunensis episcopi ad episcopos provincire Lugdunensis, ut ad synodum veniant Epaonensem.\n\nDominis devotissimis fratribus et episcopis, universis clericis, honoratis ac possessoribus territorii nostri, Viventiolus episcopus salutem.\n\nDisciplinam fratrum filiorumque nostrorum, æque a cunctis sacerdotibus oportet optari; sed si quid ab honoratioribus clericis tale committitur, quod dignum increpatione pubica censeatur; rectius castigationis arguatur quam silentio nutriatur. Sicut autem istud simplex atque rectum est, sic commentorum oblocutionibus et voto trepidæ murmurationis offendimur. Itaque ne quis nos putet nostræ facilitati aut negligentiæ in aliquo præbere cousensum, praesenti protestatione denuntio conventum episcoporum imnium sortis nostræ, circa Septembris mensis initium, in Epaonensi parœcia mox futurum: ubi clericos, prout expedit, convenire compellimus, laicos permittimus interesse: ut quae a solis pontificibus ordinanda sunt, et populus possit agnoscere. Et quia justum est ut omnes catholici clericos bonae vitae habere desiderent; reprehendendi quod quisque noverit aditum omnibus aperimus.","english":"In the Year of the Lord 540. Viventiolus, Bishop of Lyons.\n\nThe Letters of Viventiolus.\n\nFirst Letter\n\nTo Avitus.\n\n(Which is read among the works of Avitus, Patrologia, volume 59, column 272.)\n\nSecond Letter.\n\n- To the Bishops of the Province of Lyons.\n\nThe tractory letter of Viventiolus, Bishop of Lyons, to the bishops of the province of Lyons, that they may come to the synod of Epaonum.\n\nTo the most devoted lords, brothers and bishops, to all clerics, to the honored men and to the possessors of our territory, Viventiolus, bishop, sends greetings.\n\nThe discipline of our brothers and sons ought equally to be desired by all priests; but if anything is committed by the more honored clerics which is judged worthy of public rebuke, it is more rightly corrected by chastisement than nourished by silence. But just as this is simple and right, so we are offended by the slanders of false reports and by the desire of trembling murmuring. Therefore, lest anyone think that we give our consent in any matter to our own facility or negligence, I announce by this present declaration that a gathering of all the bishops of our region will soon take place, around the beginning of the month of September, in the parish of Epaonum: where we compel clerics to convene, as is expedient, and we permit laymen to be present: so that what must be ordained by the bishops alone, the people may also be able to recognize. And because it is just that all Catholics desire to have clerics of good life, we open the way to all for reproving whatever anyone may know.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"Anno Domini DXL","severity":"info","text":"The year 540 places this letter in the Merovingian period, during the episcopate of Viventiolus of Lyons, a suffragan of the Burgundian kingdom.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Tractoria","severity":"info","text":"Tractoria here denotes a formal letter of summons to a synod, a technical term in late antique ecclesiastical administration.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Epaonensi parœcia","severity":"info","text":"The synod of Epaonum (modern Saint-Romain-d'Albon) was held in 517 under Archbishop Avitus of Vienne; Viventiolus here convokes a later meeting in the same parish.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"praesenti protestatione denuntio","severity":"info","text":"This phrase marks the formal announcement of the synod, a standard epistolary formula in conciliar summons letters.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"Epistola prima ad Avitum","severity":"info","text":"The first letter is preserved only within the works of Avitus of Vienne (Patrologia Latina 59, col. 272), indicating early transmission through Avitus's corpus.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Latin text contains a probable typographical error: 'provincire' for 'provinciae' and 'imnium' for 'omnium'.","The exact relationship between Viventiolus and Avitus is not specified; Avitus was metropolitan of Vienne, Viventiolus of Lyons, both in Burgundy."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"Pateat cunctis contra quem voluerit licentia proponendi; jurgandi potestate laxata, desinat in votorum nequitia murmur occultum. Studebit tamen probare quod detulerit acensator; nec putet quisquis forsitan recte viventes tuto inanibus menJaciis infamandos. Nemo nisi quod docere possit objiciat; verecundiam quam virtus timere debebit, convictor excipiet; utrique status parti et audiendi pat entia et judicandi æquitate præmissa. Dominus vos custodire dignetur, in Christo suscipiendi fratres et filii. Proposita sunt die IV idus mensis quarti, Agapeto consule (Anno Christi 517).","english":"Let it be open to all to bring forward a charge against whomever they wish; with the power of disputation relaxed, let hidden murmuring in the wickedness of wishes cease. Nevertheless, the accuser shall strive to prove what he has laid as a charge; nor should anyone think that those who perhaps live uprightly are safely to be defamed by empty lies. Let no one object to anything unless he can prove it; the shame which virtue ought to fear shall fall upon the one who is convicted; for each side, both the patience of hearing and the equity of judging having been set forth. May the Lord deign to keep you, brothers and sons to be received in Christ. These were set forth on the fourth day before the Ides of the fourth month, under the consulship of Agapetus (in the Year of Christ 517).","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Pateat cunctis ... proposita sunt","severity":"info","text":"The passage divides into two parts: procedural rules for accusation (Pateat ... excipiet) and a closing blessing with dating formula (Dominus ... 517).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"jurgandi potestate laxata","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'with the power of disputation relaxed' likely means that formal legal contention is permitted, not that it is loosened in a moral sense; it sets the tone for the synod's judicial process.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"die IV idus mensis quarti, Agapeto consule","severity":"info","text":"The date corresponds to 12 April 517, under the consulship of Agapetus. This is the same year as the Council of Epaonum, to which the letter summons the bishops.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"Viventiolus Lugdunensis Episcopus","severity":"info","text":"This letter is preserved among the works of Avitus of Vienne in Patrologia Latina 59, column 272, indicating its early medieval transmission as part of Avitus's corpus.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"convictor excipiet","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'convictor excipiet' is ambiguous: it may mean 'the one who is convicted will receive (shame)' or 'the one who is convicted will be received (by shame)'. The translation above takes the former.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'convictor excipiet' is ambiguous as to whether the convicted person receives shame or is received by shame.","The phrase 'in Christo suscipiendi fratres et filii' could mean 'brothers and sons to be received in Christ' or 'brothers and sons who are to be received in Christ'."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}