{"slug":"tmp1123.tmp1123.opp-lat1","id":"latin:ogl-pl:tmp1123.tmp1123.opp-lat1","title":"Sympsis Chronica Annorum VIII","title_source":"Sympsis Chronica Annorum VIII","author":"Facondus Hermianensis Episcopus","genre":"chronicle","date":"","tradition":"latin","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T06:04:23Z","cost_usd":0.002333},"source":{"registry_id":"latin:ogl-pl:tmp1123.tmp1123.opp-lat1","work_id":"tmp1123.tmp1123.opp-lat1","edition":"ogl-pl","language":"","license":"Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License","url":"https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/patrologia_latina-dev/blob/master/data/tmp1123/tmp1123/tmp1123.tmp1123.opp-lat1.xml"},"stats":{"passages":4,"english_words":835,"coptic_letters":0,"source_letters":3309,"commentary_units":24,"commentary_kinds":7,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":6,"work_notes":5,"external_links":0,"timeline":5},"summary":{"work":"tmp1123.tmp1123.opp-lat1","abstract":"The Sympsis Chronica Annorum VIII is a Latin chronicle traditionally attributed to Facondus of Hermiane, a sixth-century bishop known for defending the Three Chapters. The work covers eight years, likely 546–553, focusing on the Three Chapters controversy, a Christological dispute that led to the condemnation of three Antiochene theologians. The chronicle survives in few manuscripts and lacks a critical edition, limiting its scholarly use. Its influence is confined to later chroniclers of the controversy, and its attribution to Facondus remains uncertain.","historical_context":"The chronicle is set in the mid-sixth century, during the Three Chapters controversy, which erupted after Emperor Justinian I sought to condemn the writings of Theodore of Mopsuestia, Theodoret of Cyrus, and Ibas of Edessa. Facondus of Hermiane, a bishop in North Africa, was a prominent defender of these theologians and attended the 548 council in Constantinople. The work was likely composed in Latin in a monastic or episcopal setting, possibly in North Africa or Constantinople. Its transmission is fragmentary, surviving in a few manuscripts without a clear stemma. The chronicle uses the 'Anno Christi' dating convention, common in Latin chronicles of the period. The work is rarely cited in medieval canon law or liturgy, indicating limited circulation.","significance":"The Sympsis Chronica Annorum VIII is significant as a rare contemporary account of the Three Chapters controversy from a defender's perspective. It provides details on key events, such as Pope Vigilius's entry into Constantinople and the issuance of the 'judicatum' in 548. The work relates to other writings by Facondus, including his Pro Defensione Trium Capitulorum, and to the broader conciliar and theological literature of the sixth century.","timeline":[{"date":"mid-6th c.","event":"Composition of the Sympsis Chronica Annorum VIII, likely covering 546–553."},{"date":"548","event":"Pope Vigilius issues the 'judicatum' condemning the Three Chapters."},{"date":"553","event":"Second Council of Constantinople condemns the Three Chapters."},{"date":"6th–7th c.","event":"Manuscript transmission of the chronicle, surviving in few copies."},{"date":"undated","event":"Attribution to Facondus of Hermiane becomes traditional but uncertain."}],"relations":[{"work":"Pro Defensione Trium Capitulorum","relation":"Facondus's major defense of the Three Chapters, complementing the chronicle's perspective.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Three Chapters controversy","relation":"Central subject of the chronicle.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Second Council of Constantinople (553)","relation":"Key event concluding the controversy, referenced in the chronicle.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Pope Vigilius's 'judicatum' (548)","relation":"Specific event recorded in the chronicle.","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[],"cautions":["The attribution to Facundus of Hermiane is traditional but not securely established; the work may be a later compilation.","The precise years covered by the chronicle (likely 546–553) are not explicitly defined in the source edition.","The work survives in few manuscripts with no critical edition, limiting textual reconstruction.","The chronicle's influence is confined to later chroniclers of the Three Chapters controversy; it is rarely cited in medieval canon law or liturgy."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000408,"generated":"2026-11-15T06:04:23Z"},"links":[{"kind":"source","label":"Open Greek and Latin Patrologia Latina","url":"https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/patrologia_latina-dev/blob/master/data/tmp1123/tmp1123/tmp1123.tmp1123.opp-lat1.xml"}],"checks":{"work":"tmp1123.tmp1123.opp-lat1","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":4,"translated":4,"commentary_passages":4,"commentary_units":24,"english_words":835,"source_letters":3294,"commentary_kinds":7},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The title Sympsis Chronica Annorum VIII suggests a chronicle covering eight years, but the scope and precise years are not defined in the source edition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Facondus of Hermiane (fl. mid-6th c.) is known for defending the Three Chapters; this chronicle is a minor work, surviving in few manuscripts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The attribution to Facondus is traditional but not securely established; the work may be a later compilation under his name.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This edition (ogl-pl) provides no critical apparatus, manuscript stemma, or commentary on textual variants, limiting its use for scholarly reconstruction.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The chronicle is rarely cited in medieval canon law or liturgy; its influence appears confined to later chroniclers of the Three Chapters controversy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: chronicle in Latin; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 4 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: ogl-pl — Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":4},"term_index":[],"citations":{},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"SYNOPSIS CHRONICA ANNORUM VIII\n\nPræcipua quæque digerens et illustrans, quos in trium Capitulorum causa contigerunt.\n\nAnno Christi 546. Justinianus imperator Theodori Cæsariensis episcopi suasu librum edit adversus tria Capitula, corumque damnationi Mennam CP. et alios patriarchas cum opiscopis suis subscribere cogit. Vigilium ctiam eaedem ex causa Roma evocat.\n\nAnno Christi 547. Vigilius urbem regiam ingressus VIII kalendas Februarii, Mennam et alios Capifulorum damnatores a communione suspendit. Mennam postea, Theodoræ Aug. rogatu, in communionem recipit die Junii. Justinianus frustra vim adhibet ut a Vigilio damnationem extorqueat.\n\nAnno Christi 548. Vigilius pacis studio ad damnanda Capitula inflexus conventum habet episcoporum cui Facundus interfuit, et suam unumquemque sententiam scripto proferre jubet. Allatas ad se responsiones episcoporum mittit in palatium. et judicatum ipse ad Mennam Sabbato sancto profert, in quo Thco-, dorum Mopsuestenum cum dogmatibus snis, Ibæque epistolam, et scripta Theodoreti, salva synodi Chalcedonensis reverentia, damnabat, Afris, Illyriis, Daimatis, aliisque in trium Capitulorum defensione perstantibus.","english":"SYNOPSIS OF THE CHRONICLE OF THE EIGHT YEARS\n\nSetting forth and illustrating the principal events which occurred in the matter of the Three Chapters.\n\nIn the year of Christ 546. The emperor Justinian, at the urging of Theodore, bishop of Caesarea, publishes a book against the Three Chapters, and compels Mennas of Constantinople and the other patriarchs together with their bishops to subscribe to their condemnation. He also summons Vigilius from Rome for the same cause.\n\nIn the year of Christ 547. Vigilius enters the imperial city on the eighth day before the Kalends of February, and suspends Mennas and the other condemnors of the Chapters from communion. Later, at the request of the Augusta Theodora, he receives Mennas back into communion on the day of June. Justinian vainly applies force to extort a condemnation from Vigilius.\n\nIn the year of Christ 548. Vigilius, bent on condemning the Chapters out of a desire for peace, holds a council of bishops, at which Facundus was present, and orders each one to deliver his own opinion in writing. He sends the responses of the bishops, which had been brought to him, into the palace. And he himself delivers a *judicatum* to Mennas on Holy Saturday, in which he condemned Theodore of Mopsuestia together with his teachings, and the letter of Ibas, and the writings of Theodoret, saving the reverence due to the Council of Chalcedon, while the Africans, Illyrians, Dalmatians, and others persisted in the defense of the Three Chapters.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"SYNOPSIS CHRONICA ANNORUM VIII","severity":"info","text":"The title indicates a chronicle covering eight years, from 546 to 553, focusing on the Three Chapters controversy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"trium Capitulorum","severity":"info","text":"The Three Chapters controversy involved the condemnation of three 5th-century Antiochene theologians (Theodore of Mopsuestia, Theodoret of Cyrus, and Ibas of Edessa) and their writings, a major Christological dispute in the 6th century.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"judicatum","severity":"info","text":"The term 'judicatum' refers to a formal judicial decree issued by Pope Vigilius in 548, condemning the Three Chapters while attempting to preserve the authority of the Council of Chalcedon.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"Anno Christi 546","severity":"info","text":"The chronicle uses 'Anno Christi' (Year of Christ) for dating, a convention common in Latin chronicles of this period, aligning events with the Incarnation era.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"Facundus","severity":"info","text":"Facundus of Hermiane, the author, was a bishop and defender of the Three Chapters; his presence at the 548 council is noted, lending authority to this account.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"VIII kalendas Februarii","severity":"caution","text":"The date 'VIII kalendas Februarii' (25 January) for Vigilius's entry into Constantinople is precise but may reflect a specific manuscript tradition; other sources vary slightly.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'die Junii' (day of June) lacks a specific day, leaving the exact date of Mennas's readmission to communion uncertain.","The identity of 'Theodorum Mopsuestenum' is clear, but the text's abbreviation 'Thco-, dorum' in the Latin suggests a scribal error or abbreviation."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"Anno Christi 549. Rusticus et Schastianus diaconi sub anni exordium a Vigilio deficiant, et judicatum impugnantes, Vigilium per provincias. tanquam synodi Chalcedonensis prævaricatorem infamant. Qua de re missus ab Aureliano Arelatensi Anastasius, litteras Vigilio attulit pridæ Idus Julias.\n\nAnno Christi 550. Vigilius Valentiniano episcopo Scythiæ XV kalendas Aprilis, et Aureliano Arelatt'nsi in kalendas Maii rescribit, docens in judicato suo nihil admissum fuisse contra synodnm Chalcedonensem. Rustico et Sebastiano falsi rnmoris auctoribus gradus sui honorem et ministerium abrogat. Urgente porro Justiniano, ut absolute ac sine mentione synodi Capitula damnaret, rem ad concilium generato deferendam persuasit, receptoque interim cum aliorum episcoporum manibus judicato quod ante fecerat, omnem deinceps usque ad concilium de Capilulis quæstionem annucnte princije interdicit.","english":"In the year of Christ 549. Rusticus and Sebastianus, deacons, defect from Vigilius at the beginning of the year, and, attacking the Judicatum, defame Vigilius throughout the provinces as a prevaricator of the Synod of Chalcedon. Concerning this matter, Anastasius, sent by Aurelianus of Arles, brought letters to Vigilius on the day before the Ides of July.\n\nIn the year of Christ 550. Vigilius writes back to Valentinianus, bishop of Scythia, on the fifteenth day before the Kalends of April, and to Aurelianus of Arles on the Kalends of May, teaching that in his Judicatum nothing had been admitted against the Synod of Chalcedon. He abrogates the honor and ministry of their rank from Rusticus and Sebastianus, the authors of the false rumor. Moreover, with Justinian pressing that he should condemn the Chapters absolutely and without mention of the Synod, he persuades that the matter be referred to a general council, and, having in the meantime received back, together with the hands of other bishops, the Judicatum which he had previously made, he thereafter forbids, with the prince announcing it, every question concerning the Chapters until the council.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"judicatum","severity":"info","text":"The term 'judicatum' refers to Vigilius's earlier doctrinal decree on the Three Chapters, which he now defends against accusations of betraying Chalcedon.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"prævaricatorem","severity":"info","text":"'Prævaricatorem' (prevaricator) here means one who betrays or undermines a cause, specifically the Council of Chalcedon, a serious charge in the Three Chapters controversy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"Rusticus et Sebastianus","severity":"info","text":"Rusticus and Sebastianus were deacons of the Roman church who opposed Vigilius's Judicatum, leading to their excommunication and defection to Constantinople.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"pridæ Idus Julias","severity":"info","text":"The date 'pridæ Idus Julias' (14 July) anchors the arrival of Anastasius's letters in 549, showing the chronicle's precise dating method.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Anno Christi 549 ... Anno Christi 550","severity":"info","text":"The passage is structured as two annual entries (549 and 550), each beginning with 'Anno Christi', typical of chronicle format to organize events by year.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"concilii generali","severity":"info","text":"Vigilius's proposal for a general council reflects the ongoing struggle between pope and emperor over the Three Chapters, a key issue in 6th-century church politics.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Latin 'annucnte principe' is unclear; it may mean 'the prince announcing' or 'the prince agreeing'—the translation takes it as 'with the prince announcing it'."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"Anno Christi 551. Justinianus instiganLe Theodoro edicta in Cap tulorum damnationem contra interdictum proponit. Vigilius reclamat, et excommunicationem in eos indicit qui assensum præbuerint. Quam ob rem incenso ira Justiniano, in basilicam Sancti Petri in Hormisda Augusto mense confugit: unde illum per vim abducere conatus prætor populi tumultu repellitur. Accepto tandem per imperatoris tegatos sacramento, redit in domum Placidianam. Sed multis rursum injuriis affectus, et insidiis appetitis, noctu iterum sub natale Christi Chalcedonem abiit ad sanctam Euphemiam.\n\nAnno Christi 552. Missi a Justiniano ad revocandum Vigilium senatores scI v kalendas Februarii res inFecta redeunt. Missus etiam seorsim semel alite iterum Petrus referendarius, primo cum charta contumei in Vigilium referta pridie kalendas, deinde ut ad reditum excitaret, pridie nonas. Nonis vern Februarii Vigilius encyclicam dc calamitatibus suis scribit, depositionisque sententiam in Theodorum quam ante sex menses condiderat, profert in lucem. Edictis posthaec sublatis a Justiniano, libellisque fidei et pœnitentiæ oblatis a Menna, Theodoro et aliis, Chalcedone relicta redit Constantinopolim.","english":"In the year of Christ 551. Justinian, at the instigation of Theodore, sets forth edicts of condemnation of the Chapters against the interdict. Vigilius protests, and pronounces excommunication against those who have given assent. For this reason, with Justinian inflamed with anger, he takes refuge in the Basilica of Saint Peter in the month of August of Hormisdas: whence the prefect, attempting to drag him away by force, is repelled by the tumult of the people. Having finally received a pledge through the emperor’s envoys, he returns to the House of Placidia. But again assailed by many injuries and beset by plots, by night, again around the Nativity of Christ, he goes to Chalcedon, to Saint Euphemia.\n\nIn the year of Christ 552. Senators sent by Justinian to recall Vigilius return on the day before the Kalends of February, their mission unaccomplished. Also sent separately, once and then again, Peter the Referendary, first on the day before the Kalends with a paper filled with insults against Vigilius, then on the day before the Nones to urge his return. On the Nones of February, Vigilius writes an encyclical about his calamities, and brings to light the sentence of deposition against Theodore which he had drawn up six months before. After this, with the edicts withdrawn by Justinian, and with libelli of faith and penance offered by Menas, Theodore, and others, having left Chalcedon, he returns to Constantinople.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"instiganLe Theodoro","severity":"info","text":"The Latin is corrupt; the intended reading is likely 'instigante Theodoro' (at the instigation of Theodore). Theodore refers to Theodore of Caesarea, a leading opponent of the Three Chapters.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The 'Chapters' (Capitula) refer to the Three Chapters, writings of Theodore of Mopsuestia, Theodoret of Cyrus, and Ibas of Edessa condemned by Justinian in 543/544, sparking the Three-Chapter Controversy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Basilica of Saint Peter in Hormisdas (in Hormisda) is the Church of Saints Peter and Paul at the Palace of Hormisdas in Constantinople, a common place of refuge.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The House of Placidia (domum Placidianam) was the residence of Pope Vigilius in Constantinople, named after the imperial palace of the empress Placidia.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Saint Euphemia at Chalcedon was the site of the Council of Chalcedon (451); Vigilius' flight there underscores his appeal to that council's authority against Justinian's edicts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The dates given (Kalends, Nones of February) align with the Roman calendar; the year 552 corresponds to the second year of Vigilius' exile in Constantinople during the Three-Chapter Controversy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Latin 'instiganLe Theodoro' is garbled; the intended reading is 'instigante Theodoro' (ablative absolute).","The phrase 'in Hormisda Augusto mense' is ambiguous: it may mean 'in the month of August of Hormisdas' (i.e., the palace complex) or 'in the August month' at Hormisdas; the translation takes it as the former."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"Anno Christi 553. Professiones aliae Vigilio die Theophaniorum edictæ a patriarchis, Eutycbio qui Mennæ mortuo successerat, Apolinario et Domno. Synodus v generalis inchoata IV nonas Mai.. Cui abnuens interesse Vigilius, ut suam scripto sententiam expromeret, constitutum pridie idus Maias misit ad Justinianum, in quo trium Capitulorum defensionem resumit, et de iis quae a synodo Chalcedonensi judicata fuerant, novari quidquam vetAt. Caeteram synodus v tria Capitula damna it. Vigilius vero, quod damnationem approbare refugeret, in exsilium pulIUS. Inde aliquot post annos Narsetis comitis opera revocatus, cum Urbem repeteret, morbo in Sicilia exstinctus cst post consulatum Basilii, ut Victor in Chronico notat, anno 17, id est anno Christi 558.","english":"In the year of Christ 553. Other professions were demanded of Vigilius on the day of Theophania by the patriarchs, Eutychius, who had succeeded the deceased Mennas, Apolinarius, and Domnus. The Fifth General Synod was begun on the fourth Nones of May. Vigilius, refusing to attend it, in order to set forth his opinion in writing, sent a constitution on the day before the Ides of May to Justinian, in which he resumes the defense of the Three Chapters and forbids any innovation concerning those things which had been judged by the Synod of Chalcedon. The Fifth Synod, however, condemns the Three Chapters. Vigilius, because he shrank from approving the condemnation, was driven into exile. Then, after some years, recalled through the efforts of the commander Narses, as he was returning to the City, he died of disease in Sicily, after the consulship of Basilius, as Victor notes in his Chronicle, in the 17th year, that is, in the year of Christ 558.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"Anno Christi 553","severity":"info","text":"The year 553 is the traditional date for the opening of the Fifth Ecumenical Council (Second Council of Constantinople).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"die Theophaniorum","severity":"info","text":"Theophania (Epiphany) is celebrated on January 6; the professions were demanded on that feast day.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"trium Capitulorum","severity":"info","text":"The Three Chapters were writings by Theodore of Mopsuestia, Theodoret of Cyrrhus, and Ibas of Edessa, condemned by the Fifth Council in an effort to reconcile Monophysites.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"Victor in Chronico notat","severity":"info","text":"Victor of Tunnuna, a 6th-century African chronicler, is the source for the date of Vigilius’ death; his chronicle is a key witness for this period.","cites":[],"named_sources":["Victor of Tunnuna"],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"post consulatum Basilii","severity":"caution","text":"The consulship of Basilius (Basilius the Younger) is dated to 541; the 17th year after it would be 558, but the reckoning may be inclusive or exclusive, causing a possible one-year discrepancy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Synodus v generalis inchoata IV nonas Mai","severity":"info","text":"The Fifth General Synod began on May 4 (IV nonas Mai), a date that marks the formal opening of the council.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'post consulatum Basilii, anno 17' could be interpreted as 17 years after the consulship (i.e., 558) or as the 17th year of a different era; the text follows Victor's reckoning, but the exact calculation is uncertain."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}