{"slug":"teofi","id":"georgian:titus:teofi","title":"Apophthegmata patrum (Theophil's version)","author":"Anonymous","genre":"other","date":"","tradition":"georgian","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:59:39Z","cost_usd":0.001681},"source":{"registry_id":"georgian:titus:teofi","work_id":"teofi","edition":"titus","language":"","license":"This text is part of the TITUS edition of Apothegmata Patrum, Versio Theophili. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 2.2.2025. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder.","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/novelebi/teofile/teofi.htm"},"stats":{"passages":3,"english_words":441,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":14,"commentary_kinds":7,"derived_notes":1,"ambiguities":4,"work_notes":5,"external_links":2,"timeline":5},"summary":{"work":"teofi","abstract":"The Apophthegmata patrum (Theophil's version) is an Old Georgian translation of a Greek collection of sayings and stories of the desert fathers. The Georgian text, likely produced in the 10th–11th centuries by Georgian monastic translators in Palestine or on Sinai, often abbreviates or adapts the original. It was used in Georgian monastic communities for spiritual reading and liturgical excerpts, influencing later hagiographical and homiletic literature. The present edition is based on a single manuscript witness, leaving textual fluidity unexamined. Attribution of sayings to specific fathers is often secondary, with the Georgian version sometimes reassigning or omitting names.","historical_context":"The Old Georgian translation of Theophil's recension of the Apophthegmata patrum was produced in the 10th–11th centuries, a period of intense Georgian monastic activity in Palestine and on Mount Sinai. Georgian monks, such as Euthymius and George of the Iviron monastery on Mount Athos, were key translators of patristic and hagiographic texts. This collection served the spiritual needs of Georgian monastic communities, providing sayings and stories of the desert fathers for meditation and liturgical use. The translation reflects a stage in the transmission of the Apophthegmata where the text was adapted to local monastic culture, often abbreviating or reassigning attributions. The single manuscript witness limits our knowledge of the text's circulation and variation.","significance":"This Georgian version of the Apophthegmata patrum is important for understanding the reception of desert spirituality in the Georgian Christian tradition. It shows how a foundational Greek monastic text was adapted for a Georgian audience, influencing later hagiography and homiletics. The translation also attests to the broader network of Georgian monasticism in Palestine, Sinai, and Athos, and to the role of translation in shaping Georgian Christian identity.","timeline":[{"date":"4th–5th c.","event":"Original Greek Apophthegmata patrum compiled from sayings of desert fathers."},{"date":"6th–7th c.","event":"Theophil's recension of the Apophthegmata patrum produced in Greek."},{"date":"10th–11th c.","event":"Old Georgian translation of Theophil's recension made by Georgian monks in Palestine or Sinai."},{"date":"11th c.","event":"Georgian monastic activity on Mount Athos, including translation of patristic texts."},{"date":"Undated","event":"Single manuscript witness of the Georgian version preserved; textual fluidity unexamined."}],"relations":[{"work":"Apophthegmata patrum (Greek original)","relation":"source text for the Georgian translation","key":"ed:teofi","label":"source edition: Apophthegmata patrum (Theophil's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/novelebi/teofile/teofi.htm"},{"work":"Georgian translations of patristic texts by Euthymius and George","relation":"contemporary translation activity in same milieu","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Later Georgian hagiographical and homiletic literature","relation":"influenced by this collection","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Other Georgian monastic manuscripts from Sinai and Palestine","relation":"part of same transmission network","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[{"key":"hollis:alma990010188200203941","label":"Hollis record for Georgian manuscript","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990010188200203941","reason":"Possible manuscript witness for this version."},{"key":"hollis:alma990010759050203941","label":"Hollis record for related Georgian text","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990010759050203941","reason":"Context for Georgian monastic translation activity."}],"cautions":["The date of the Georgian translation is uncertain; it is assigned to the 10th–11th centuries based on manuscript evidence and monastic activity, but no precise date is known.","The present edition is based on a single manuscript witness; variant readings from other codices are not collated, so textual fluidity remains unexamined.","Attribution of individual sayings to specific desert fathers is often secondary; the Georgian version may reassign or omit names, reflecting a different stage of the tradition."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000451,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:19:28Z"},"checks":{"work":"teofi","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":3,"translated":3,"commentary_passages":3,"commentary_units":14,"english_words":437,"source_letters":1915,"commentary_kinds":7},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Old Georgian text is a translation of Theophil's recension of the Apophthegmata patrum, a collection of sayings and stories of desert fathers. The Georgian version often abbreviates or adapts the Greek original.","cites":[{"key":"ed:teofi","label":"source edition: Apophthegmata patrum (Theophil's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/novelebi/teofile/teofi.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Georgian translation likely dates to the 10th–11th centuries, based on manuscript evidence and the activity of Georgian monastic translators in Palestine and on Sinai.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This collection was used in Georgian monastic communities for spiritual reading and liturgical excerpts, influencing later hagiographical and homiletic literature.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The present edition is based on a single manuscript witness; variant readings from other Georgian codices are not collated, so textual fluidity remains unexamined.","cites":[{"key":"ed:teofi","label":"source edition: Apophthegmata patrum (Theophil's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/novelebi/teofile/teofi.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"Attribution of individual sayings to specific desert fathers is often secondary; the Georgian version may reassign or omit names, reflecting a different stage of the tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: other in Old Georgian; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 3 narrative."},{"kind":"caution","severity":"caution","text":"1 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: titus — This text is part of the TITUS edition of Apothegmata Patrum, Versio Theophili. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 2.2.2025. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder."}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":3},"term_index":[],"citations":{"ed:teofi":{"label":"source edition: Apophthegmata patrum (Theophil's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/novelebi/teofile/teofi.htm"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"უფალო, უფალო, მეუფეო, ღმერთო ყოვლისა მპყრობელო, ყოვლად წმიდაო და ცხოველო, სამებაო ერთარსებაო და ერთღმრთეებაო, ღმერთო ჩუენო, შენ წარგჳმართე სათნოდ შენდა საქმესა ამას სულიერსა მეოხებითა ყოლად წმიდისა ღმრთისმშობელისა და ყოველთა წმიდათა შენთა, უსხეულოთა და სხეულთაჲთა, რამეთუ კურთხეულ ხარ და დიდებულ უკუნითი უკუნისამდე, ამინ! ესე წიგნი არს წმიდათა მამათაჲ, რომელსა შინა წერილ არიან სწავლანი და თხრობანი და მოქალაქობანი წმიდათა მამათანი, რომელი აღსავსე არს და შემკობილ ყოველთა მიერ კეთილთა, ვითარცა სამოთხჳჱ ღმრთისაჲ. ხოლო ჯერ არს, რაჲთა პირველად თავნი აღვწერნეთ საკითხავთანი ზანდუკის სახედ და ესრეთღა ვიწყოთ პირსა და შესავალსა წიგნისასა, ლოცვითა წმიდათა და ნეტართა მამათა ჩუენთა ეფთჳმესითა, გიორგისითა და ილარიონისითა და ყოველთა ქართველთაჲთა. თავი პირველი: შესავალი წიგნისაჲ ცხორებათათჳს და მოღ[უა]წებათა წმიდათა და ნეტართა მამათა ჩუენთაჲსა. თავი ბ̂: სწავლაჲ წმიდათა მამათაჲ, რომელი მიმიძღჳს ჩუენ სისრულედ სათნოებათა. თავი გ̂: ვითარმედ ჯერ არს ყოვლითა მოსწრაფებითა მიდევნებად დაყუდებისა. თავი დ̂: ლმობიერებისათჳს და სიმშვიდისა. თავი ე̂: მარხვისათჳს და ვითარმედ არა ოდენ ჭამადთა ზედა ჴამს ჩუენებად ესე, არამედ ყოველთავე ზედა აღძრვათა სულისათა.","english":"Lord, Lord, Master, God who holds all, all-holy and life-giving Trinity, one in essence and one in divinity, our God, you have sent us forth to this spiritual work pleasing to you, through the intercession of the holy Mother of God and all your saints, both incorporeal and corporeal, for you are blessed and glorious unto eternity, amen! This is the book of the holy fathers, in which are written the teachings, narratives, and ways of life of the holy fathers, which is full and adorned with all virtues, like the paradise of God. Now it is fitting that first we write the chapter headings of the readings in the form of a chest, and thus we begin at the beginning and introduction of the book, with the prayer of the holy and blessed fathers our Euthymius, George, and Hilarion, and of all the Georgians. Chapter 1: Introduction of the book concerning the lives and ascetic practices of the holy and blessed fathers our. Chapter 2: Teaching of the holy fathers, which leads us to the fullness of virtues. Chapter 3: That it is fitting to pursue stillness with all zeal. Chapter 4: Concerning humility and tranquility. Chapter 5: Concerning fasting and that this is not only about foods, but about all stirrings of the soul.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"თავი","severity":"info","text":"The passage lists five chapter headings (titles 1–5) that outline the book's contents, beginning with an introduction and proceeding through teachings, stillness, humility, and fasting.","cites":[{"key":"ed:teofi","label":"source edition: Apophthegmata patrum (Theophil's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/novelebi/teofile/teofi.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ზანდუკის სახედ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'in the form of a chest' (ზანდუკის სახედ) likely refers to a structural device, perhaps a table of contents or a summary box, common in Georgian monastic manuscripts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ეფთჳმესითა, გიორგისითა და ილარიონისითა","severity":"info","text":"Euthymius, George, and Hilarion are prominent Georgian monastic figures associated with the translation and transmission of patristic texts on Mount Athos and in the Georgian monastic tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ქართველთაჲთა","severity":"info","text":"The mention of 'all the Georgians' in the prayer underscores the national and communal context of this Georgian version, likely produced for a Georgian monastic audience.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"მოღ[უა]წებათა","severity":"caution","text":"The word 'მოღ[უა]წებათა' (ascetic practices) is partially restored; the manuscript may have a lacuna or abbreviation here, so the reading is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The exact relationship between this Georgian preface and the original Coptic or Greek Vorlage is unclear; the chapter headings may reflect a later Georgian editorial arrangement."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"თავი ვ̂: თხრობაჲ თჳთოსახჱ განკრძალვისათჳს ბრძოლისა, რომელი-იგი სიძვისა მიერ აღდგების ჩუენ ზედა. თავი ზ̂: უპოვარებისათჳს და ვითარმედ ჯერ არს დიდებისმოყუარებისაგანცა დაცვაჲ. თავი ჱ̂: მოთხრობაჲ მრავალსახჱ, რომელნი აღმჭურვენ ჩუენ სიმჴნედ და ახოვნებად. თავი თ̂: ვითარმედ არარაჲსა ჯერ არს ქმნაჲ საჩუენებელად კაცთა. თავი ი̂: ვითარმედ გჳჴმს დამარხვაჲ, რაჲთა არავინ განვიკითხოთ. თავი ი̂ა: განკითხჳსათჳს და საქმეთა კეთილად განრჩევისა. თავი ი̂ბ: ვითარმედ ჯერ არს ჩუენდა ყოლადვე მღჳძარებაჲ. თავი ი̂გ: რაჲთა მოუკლებელად და გულსმოდგინედ ვილოცვიდეთ. თავი ი̂დ: ვითარმედ ჯერ არს უცხოთმოყუარებაჲ და მოწყალებაჲ მხიარულებით. თავი ი̂ე: მორჩილებისათჳს. თავი ი̂ვ: სიმდაბლისათჳს. თავი ი̂ზ: ძჳრუჴსენებლობისათჳს. თავი ი̂ჱ: სიყუარულისათჳს. თავი ი̂თ: სულითა მხილველთათჳს. თავი კ̂: სასწაულთა მოქმედთათჳს. თავი კ̂ა: მოქალაქობისათჳს სათნოთაჲსა. თავი კ̂ბ: ათორმეტთათჳს განშორებულთა. თავი კ̂გ: უწყებაჲ და თხრობაჲ მოქალაქობისათჳს და ცხოვრებისა მოღუაწეთაჲსა. თავი კ̂დ: სიტყუათაგან, რომელნი ღუაწლთა შინა დაბერებულ იყვნეს წმიდანი მამანი, რომელნი-იგი საცნაურ-ჰყოფენ სრულსა მას და მტკიცესა სათნოებასა მათსა. თავი კ̂ე: უბნობაჲ და ზრახვაჲ წმიდათა ბერთაჲ კითხვა-მიგების სახჱ. თავი კ̂ვ: სარგებლიანი საკითხავი პავლე ილუსტრელისაჲ.","english":"Chapter 5: Narration concerning the restraint of the struggle which arises against us from lust. Chapter 7: Concerning poverty and how it is necessary to guard also against vainglory. Chapter 8: A manifold narration, which arm us with courage and readiness. Chapter 9: That it is not fitting to do anything for the sake of showing off to men. Chapter 10: That it is fitting for us to conceal, so that we may judge no one. Chapter 11: Concerning judgment and the good discernment of deeds. Chapter 12: That it is fitting for us always to have vigilance. Chapter 13: That we should pray unceasingly and diligently. Chapter 14: That hospitality and mercy with cheerfulness are fitting. Chapter 15: Concerning obedience. Chapter 16: Concerning humility. Chapter 17: Concerning remembrance of wrongs. Chapter 18: Concerning love. Chapter 19: Concerning the spiritually discerning. Chapter 20: Concerning the wonder-workers. Chapter 21: Concerning the life of the virtuous. Chapter 22: Concerning the twelve recluses. Chapter 23: Knowledge and narration concerning the life and conduct of the ascetics. Chapter 24: From the words which the holy fathers, who grew old in ascetic labors, make known their perfect and steadfast virtue. Chapter 25: The simplicity and contemplation of the holy monks in the form of question and answer. Chapter 26: A profitable reading of Paul the Illustrious.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a table of contents for chapters 5–26 of the work, each introduced by 'თავი' (chapter) followed by a Georgian alphabetic numeral.","cites":[{"key":"ed:teofi","label":"source edition: Apophthegmata patrum (Theophil's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/novelebi/teofile/teofi.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"თავი","severity":"info","text":"Georgian 'თავი' (tavi) means 'chapter' or 'heading'; the numerals are Georgian alphabetic: ჱ̂=8, თ̂=9, ი̂=10, etc., with ი̂ა=11, ი̂ბ=12, etc.","cites":[{"key":"ed:teofi","label":"source edition: Apophthegmata patrum (Theophil's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/novelebi/teofile/teofi.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The chapter titles reflect standard ascetic themes in the Apophthegmata patrum tradition: struggle against lust, poverty, vainglory, obedience, humility, love, and spiritual discernment.","cites":[{"key":"ed:teofi","label":"source edition: Apophthegmata patrum (Theophil's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/novelebi/teofile/teofi.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Georgian text is part of Theophil's version of the Apophthegmata patrum, a translation from Greek or Coptic into Old Georgian, preserved in manuscripts such as those cataloged in the TITUS edition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:teofi","label":"source edition: Apophthegmata patrum (Theophil's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/novelebi/teofile/teofi.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"Chapter numbering in the Georgian text skips from 5 to 7 (no chapter 6 listed), and the English draft follows this; the omission may be a scribal error or intentional in the source.","cites":[{"key":"ed:teofi","label":"source edition: Apophthegmata patrum (Theophil's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/novelebi/teofile/teofi.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The chapter on 'the twelve recluses' (chapter 22) and the final chapter attributed to Paul the Illustrious have parallels in other collections of sayings and lives of the desert fathers.","cites":[],"named_sources":["Apophthegmata Patrum (Greek alphabetical series)"],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The absence of chapter 6 is unexplained; it may be lost or deliberately omitted in the Georgian tradition.","The identity of 'Paul the Illustrious' (პავლე ილუსტრელისაჲ) is uncertain; he may be a figure from the monastic or hagiographical tradition."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"Page of ms.: A_2r","english":"Page of ms.: A_2r","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage is a narrative section, following a series of thematic chapters (5, 7–10) on restraint, poverty, vainglory, courage, and concealment. It likely continues the pattern of illustrative stories.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Apophthegmata patrum in Theophil's version is a Georgian translation of a Coptic collection of sayings and stories of desert fathers, reflecting the monastic tradition of Egypt.","cites":[{"key":"ed:teofi","label":"source edition: Apophthegmata patrum (Theophil's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/novelebi/teofile/teofi.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The manuscript page A_2r is part of the Georgian manuscript tradition; the text is fragmentary, with only the page reference preserved in the draft.","cites":[{"key":"ed:teofi","label":"source edition: Apophthegmata patrum (Theophil's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/novelebi/teofile/teofi.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The English draft provides only the page reference 'A_2r' without any textual content, so the specific narrative or sayings in this passage are unknown."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]}]}