{"slug":"synax","id":"georgian:titus:synax","title":"Synaxarium ibericum","author":"Anonymous","genre":"hagiography","date":"","tradition":"georgian","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:59:38Z","cost_usd":0.002079},"source":{"registry_id":"georgian:titus:synax","work_id":"synax","edition":"titus","language":"","license":"This text is part of the TITUS edition of Synaxarium ibericum. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 18.11.2023. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder.","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/synax/synax.htm"},"stats":{"passages":3,"english_words":548,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":16,"commentary_kinds":7,"derived_notes":1,"ambiguities":7,"work_notes":6,"external_links":0,"timeline":4},"summary":{"work":"synax","abstract":"The Synaxarium ibericum is an anonymous Old Georgian collection of short saints' lives arranged by the liturgical calendar, used in the Georgian Orthodox tradition. Surviving in manuscripts from the 10th–11th centuries, it represents a translation and adaptation of Byzantine synaxaria. The work evolved through centuries of compilation and redaction, serving Georgian monastic communities and influencing later hagiographical compilations. Its entries blend liturgical, devotional, and legendary elements, and the text lacks a critical apparatus, limiting its use for textual criticism.","historical_context":"The Synaxarium ibericum was produced in the Georgian Orthodox milieu, likely in monastic centers of Georgia or the Caucasus, between the 10th and 11th centuries based on the earliest surviving manuscripts. It reflects the translation and adaptation of Byzantine synaxaria into Old Georgian, a process that began after the Christianization of Georgia (4th c.) and intensified during the medieval period. The work was used liturgically in Georgian monasteries, where it structured daily commemorations of saints. Its anonymous compilation and redaction over centuries indicate a living tradition, with entries sometimes containing legendary or anachronistic details. The text's transmission is tied to the broader network of Eastern Christian hagiography, sharing sources with Greek and Syriac traditions but adapted to local Georgian saints and practices.","significance":"The Synaxarium ibericum is a key witness to the reception and adaptation of Byzantine hagiography in the Georgian Orthodox tradition. It shaped Georgian liturgical practice and influenced later hagiographical compilations, reflecting the cultural and religious identity of medieval Georgia. Its study illuminates the transmission of Christian texts across linguistic and cultural boundaries.","timeline":[{"date":"4th c.","event":"Christianization of Georgia, foundation of Georgian Orthodox tradition"},{"date":"10th–11th c.","event":"Earliest surviving Old Georgian manuscripts of the Synaxarium ibericum"},{"date":"Medieval period","event":"Ongoing compilation and redaction of the synaxarion in Georgian monastic communities"},{"date":"Later centuries","event":"Influence on subsequent Georgian hagiographical compilations"}],"relations":[{"work":"Byzantine Synaxaria","relation":"Source and model for translation and adaptation","key":"ed:synax","label":"source edition: Synaxarium ibericum","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/synax/synax.htm"},{"work":"Georgian Hagiographical Compilations","relation":"Influenced later works in the same tradition","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Old Georgian Manuscripts","relation":"Survives in 10th–11th c. copies","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[],"cautions":["The precise date of composition is uncertain; the work evolved over centuries through compilation and redaction.","The text is anonymous, and its authorship cannot be determined.","Surviving manuscripts are from the 10th–11th centuries, but the original may be earlier or later.","The edition lacks a critical apparatus, limiting its use for textual criticism.","Some entries contain legendary or anachronistic details; the work is liturgical and devotional, not strictly historical."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000384,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:20:58Z"},"checks":{"work":"synax","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":3,"translated":3,"commentary_passages":3,"commentary_units":16,"english_words":548,"source_letters":2076,"commentary_kinds":7},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The work is a synaxarion, a collection of short saints' lives arranged by the liturgical calendar, used in the Georgian Orthodox tradition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:synax","label":"source edition: Synaxarium ibericum","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/synax/synax.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The text survives in Old Georgian manuscripts, with the earliest known copies dating to the 10th–11th centuries, reflecting the translation and adaptation of Byzantine synaxaria.","cites":[{"key":"ed:synax","label":"source edition: Synaxarium ibericum","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/synax/synax.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The work is anonymous and its precise date of composition is uncertain; it likely evolved over several centuries through compilation and redaction.","cites":[{"key":"ed:synax","label":"source edition: Synaxarium ibericum","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/synax/synax.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"This edition does not provide a critical apparatus or variant readings from different manuscript families, limiting its use for textual criticism.","cites":[{"key":"ed:synax","label":"source edition: Synaxarium ibericum","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/synax/synax.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Synaxarium ibericum was widely used in Georgian monastic communities and influenced later Georgian hagiographical compilations.","cites":[{"key":"ed:synax","label":"source edition: Synaxarium ibericum","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/synax/synax.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"Some entries contain legendary or anachronistic details; the work should be read as a liturgical and devotional text, not as a strictly historical record.","cites":[{"key":"ed:synax","label":"source edition: Synaxarium ibericum","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/synax/synax.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: hagiography in Old Georgian; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 3 narrative."},{"kind":"caution","severity":"caution","text":"1 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: titus — This text is part of the TITUS edition of Synaxarium ibericum. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 18.11.2023. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder."}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":3},"term_index":[],"citations":{"ed:synax":{"label":"source edition: Synaxarium ibericum","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/synax/synax.htm"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"ქ̂ სახელითა ღმრთისაჲთა ესრჱთ განეწესა კრებაჲ ამის წიგნისაჲ: თთუესა დეკემბერსა: კ̂ზ სტეფანჱსი: ა̂ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა სტეფანჱსი: ბ̂ თავი: პოვნაჲ ნაწილთა სტეფანჱსი: გ̂ თავი: უკ-მოყვანებაჲ ნაწილთა სტეფანჱსთაჲ: დ̂ თავი: თქ[უ]ეული გრიგოლ ხუცისა სტეფანჱსთჳს ე̂ თავი: ქებაჲ სტეფანჱსი გრიგოლ ხუცისაჲ-ვე: ვ̂ თავი: ჴსენებაჲ პეტრე-პავლეთაჲ: ზ̂ თავი: წამებაჲ პავლჱ მოციქულისაჲ .....................","english":"In the name of God the Almighty, the compilation of this book was ordained: in the month of December, the 27th, Stephen. Chapter 1: The martyrdom of the holy Stephen. Chapter 2: The finding of the relics of Stephen. Chapter 3: The translation of the relics of Stephen. Chapter 4: The homily of Gregory the Hermit concerning Stephen. Chapter 5: The encomium of Stephen, also by Gregory the Hermit. Chapter 6: The commemoration of Peter and Paul. Chapter 7: The martyrdom of Paul the Apostle.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"თთუესა დეკემბერსა: კ̂ზ","severity":"info","text":"The date 'December 27' marks the feast of Stephen the Protomartyr in the Eastern Christian calendar, structuring the synaxarion entry around the liturgical year.","cites":[{"key":"ed:synax","label":"source edition: Synaxarium ibericum","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/synax/synax.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"გრიგოლ ხუცისა","severity":"info","text":"'Gregory the Hermit' (Grigol Khutsisa) likely refers to Gregory of Nazianzus or another Gregory associated with ascetic writings; the Georgian 'khutsisa' denotes a hermit or monk.","cites":[{"key":"ed:synax","label":"source edition: Synaxarium ibericum","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/synax/synax.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ქ̂ სახელითა ღმრთისაჲთა","severity":"info","text":"The opening formula 'In the name of God the Almighty' is a standard invocation in Georgian hagiographic compilations, reflecting the liturgical and devotional context of the synaxarion.","cites":[{"key":"ed:synax","label":"source edition: Synaxarium ibericum","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/synax/synax.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ჴსენებაჲ პეტრე-პავლეთაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The commemoration of Peter and Paul (Chapter 6) alongside Stephen's material indicates a thematic grouping of apostolic and protomartyr feasts, common in Georgian synaxaria.","cites":[{"key":"ed:synax","label":"source edition: Synaxarium ibericum","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/synax/synax.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Gregory the Hermit' is not specified; it may be Gregory of Nazianzus or another figure, but the text does not clarify.","The abbreviation 'თქ[უ]ეული' in Chapter 4 is partially restored; the original reading may be 'თქუეული' (homily) or a variant, but the sense is clear."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"თ̂ თავი: წამებაჲ პეტრჱ-პავლეთაჲ: ი̂ თავი: ცხოვრებაჲ დიონოსისი: ი̂ა თავი: ეპისტოლჱ დიონოსიოსისი: ი̂ბ თავი: წამებაჲ იაკობ მოციქულისა ძმისა უფლისაჲ ი̂გ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა ბა(სი)ლი ჰამელისაჲ: ი̂დ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა ჰაბოჲსი: ი̂ე თავი: ნათლის-ღებაჲ წმიდისა ჰაბოჲსი: ი̂დ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა ჰაბოჲსი-ვე ი̂ზ თავი: ქებაჲ წმიდისა ჰაბოჲსი ი̂ვ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა ჰაბოჲსი-ვე ი̂ზ თავი: ქებაჲ წმიდისა ჰაბოჲსი ი̂ჱ თავი: ცხოვრებაჲ მამათა სინელთაჲ ი̂თ თავი: წმიდისა ბაბილაჲსი კ̂ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა ანტონი რავახისა კ̂ა თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდათა სპევსიპეთი კ̂ბ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა ტიმოთესი და მავრაჲსი: კ̂გ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა ტიმოთე მოციქულისაჲ კ̂დ თავი: წამებაჲ კჳროს და იოვანჱსი კ̂ე თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა ბოაჲსა: კ̂ვ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა ევსეგნჱსი: კ̂ზ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა ივლიანე ემეწელისაჲ: კ̂ჱ თავი: ცხორებაჲ წმიდისა თეოდორჱსი: კ̂თ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა თეოდორჱსი: ლ̂ თავი: ცხორებაჲ წმიდისა ევფროსინჱსი: ლ̂ა თავი: წმიდათა ცხრათა ძმათა კოლაელთაჲ ლ̂ბ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა დავით დვინელისაჲ ლ̂გ თავი: მარტჳლობაჲ წმიდისა ივლიანჱსი: ლ̂დ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდათა ორმოცთაჲ: ლ̂ე თავი: ქებაჲ წმიდათა ორმოცთაჲ: ლ̂ვ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა ფილეკტემონისი: ლ̂ზ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა მიქელ მონაზონისაჲ: ლ̂ჱ თავი:","english":"Chapter 3: The Martyrdom of Peter and Paul. Chapter 10: The Life of Dionysius. Chapter 11: The Epistle of Dionysius. Chapter 12: The Martyrdom of James the Apostle, Brother of the Lord. Chapter 13: The Martyrdom of the Holy Basil of Hamel. Chapter 14: The Martyrdom of the Holy Habo. Chapter 15: The Baptism of the Holy Habo. Chapter 14: The Martyrdom of the Holy Habo again. Chapter 17: The Praise of the Holy Habo. Chapter 14: The Martyrdom of the Holy Habo again. Chapter 17: The Praise of the Holy Habo. Chapter 18: The Life of the Fathers of Sinai. Chapter 19: The Holy Babilas. Chapter 20: The Martyrdom of the Holy Anthony Ravakha. Chapter 21: The Martyrdom of the Holy Speusippus. Chapter 22: The Martyrdom of the Holy Timothy and Maura. Chapter 23: The Martyrdom of the Holy Timothy the Apostle. Chapter 24: The Martyrdom of Cyrus and John. Chapter 25: The Martyrdom of the Holy Boas. Chapter 26: The Martyrdom of the Holy Eusegnius. Chapter 27: The Martyrdom of the Holy Julian of Emesa. Chapter 28: The Life of the Holy Theodore. Chapter 29: The Martyrdom of the Holy Theodore. Chapter 30: The Life of the Holy Euphrosyne. Chapter 31: The Holy Nine Brothers of Cola. Chapter 32: The Martyrdom of the Holy David of Dvin. Chapter 33: The Martyrdom of the Holy Julian. Chapter 34: The Martyrdom of the Holy Forty. Chapter 35: The Praise of the Holy Forty. Chapter 36: The Martyrdom of the Holy Philectemon. Chapter 37: The Martyrdom of the Holy Michael the Monk. Chapter 38:","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"თ̂ თავი: წამებაჲ პეტრჱ-პავლეთაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The chapter numbering jumps from chapter 3 in the previous passage to chapter 10 here, indicating that chapters 4–9 are omitted or the numbering system is inconsistent.","cites":[{"key":"ed:synax","label":"source edition: Synaxarium ibericum","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/synax/synax.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ჰამელისაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The toponym 'Hamel' likely refers to a location in Georgia or the Caucasus; Basil of Hamel is a local saint, but the exact identification is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"ed:synax","label":"source edition: Synaxarium ibericum","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/synax/synax.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ჰაბოჲსი","severity":"info","text":"Habo is a Georgian saint, likely Habo of Tbilisi (8th century), a Persian convert martyred in Georgia; his cult is prominent in Georgian hagiography.","cites":[{"key":"ed:synax","label":"source edition: Synaxarium ibericum","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/synax/synax.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ი̂დ თავი: ... ი̂ზ თავი: ... ი̂დ თავი: ... ი̂ზ თავი:","severity":"caution","text":"Chapters 14 and 17 are repeated in the Georgian text, likely a scribal error or a later insertion; the English draft reproduces this duplication.","cites":[{"key":"ed:synax","label":"source edition: Synaxarium ibericum","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/synax/synax.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"სპევსიპეთი","severity":"info","text":"Speusippus, along with Eleusippus and others, are legendary Cappadocian martyrs from the 2nd century; their cult spread in Eastern Christian traditions.","cites":[{"key":"ed:synax","label":"source edition: Synaxarium ibericum","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/synax/synax.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"კოლაელთაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The 'Nine Brothers of Cola' refers to a group of martyrs from Cola (in historical Armenia or Georgia), venerated in Georgian and Armenian traditions.","cites":[{"key":"ed:synax","label":"source edition: Synaxarium ibericum","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/synax/synax.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The chapter numbering is inconsistent: the previous passage ends with chapter 5, but this passage begins with chapter 3 (Peter and Paul) and then jumps to chapter 10. The repetition of chapters 14 and 17 suggests a textual corruption or a conflation of multiple sources.","The identity of 'Basil of Hamel' is uncertain; 'Hamel' may be a toponym but is not clearly identified in available sources."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"წამებაჲ წმიდისა ვარდანისი: ლ̂თ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა ატომისი: მ̂ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდათა მესუკაველთაჲ: მ̂ა თავი: წმიდისა საჰაკ პართევისა აღსრულებაჲ მ̂ბ თავ: წმიდისა შუშანიკ დედოფლისაჲ: მ̂გ თავი: წმიდისა იზიდბოზიდისი: მ̂დ თავი: წამებაჲ არისტაკჱსი: მ̂ე თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა გეორგისი: მ̂ვ თავი: ქებაჲ წმიდისა გეორგისი მ̂ზ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა ლონგინოზ ასის-თავისაჲ მ̂ჱ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა მარკოზ მახარებლისაჲ მ̂თ თავი: წმიდისა რომანოზ ახლისა მოწამისაჲ ნ̂ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა სენედუხტ დედოფლისაჲ ნ̂ა თავი: წმიდისა ფილემონ მენესტჳსაჲ ნ̂ბ თავი: წმიდისა დავით და ტირიჭანისი: ნ̂გ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა თალელჱოსისი ნ̂დ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა კჳპრიანჱსი ნ̂ე თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა ქრისტეფორჱსი ნ̂ვ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა კონონისი ნ̂ზ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა ლეონტისი ნ̂ჱ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა მამაჲსი ნ̂თ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა ფოკაჲსი ჲ̂ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა ოსიკისი: ჲ̂ა თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა ზორავარისაჲ ჲ̂ბ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა ნერსე გიორგი მთავარეპისკოპოზისაჲ ჲ̂გ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდისა გულანდუხტისი: ჲ̂დ თავი: წამებაჲ წმიდათა ტრაქოს პროპოს ანდრონიკჱსი:","english":"The Martyrdom of Saint Vardan: Chapter 30. The Martyrdom of Saint Atom: Chapter 40. The Martyrdom of the Holy Mtsukavelians: Chapter 41. The Completion of Saint Sahak Parthev: Chapter 42. Of Saint Shushanik the Queen: Chapter 43. Of Saint Izidbozid: Chapter 44. The Martyrdom of Aristakes: Chapter 45. The Martyrdom of Saint George: Chapter 46. The Praise of Saint George: Chapter 47. The Martyrdom of Saint Longinos the Centurion: Chapter 48. The Martyrdom of Saint Mark the Evangelist: Chapter 49. Of Saint Romanos the New Martyr: Chapter 50. The Martyrdom of Saint Senedukht the Queen: Chapter 51. Of Saint Philemon the Menestusian: Chapter 52. Of Saints David and Tirichan: Chapter 53. The Martyrdom of Saint Thalelaios: Chapter 54. The Martyrdom of Saint Cyprian: Chapter 55. The Martyrdom of Saint Christopher: Chapter 56. The Martyrdom of Saint Konon: Chapter 57. The Martyrdom of Saint Leontios: Chapter 58. The Martyrdom of Saint Mamas: Chapter 59. The Martyrdom of Saint Phocas: Chapter 60. The Martyrdom of Saint Osikis: Chapter 61. The Martyrdom of Saint Zoravar: Chapter 62. The Martyrdom of Saint Nerse Giorgi the Archbishop: Chapter 63. The Martyrdom of Saint Gulandukht: Chapter 64. The Martyrdom of the Holy Trakos, Propos, and Andronikes:","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"წამებაჲ წმიდისა ვარდანისი: ლ̂თ თავი","severity":"info","text":"The passage is a table of contents listing chapters 30–64 of the synaxarion, each introduced by a chapter number in Georgian alphanumerals (e.g., ლ̂თ = 30).","cites":[{"key":"ed:synax","label":"source edition: Synaxarium ibericum","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/synax/synax.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"მესუკაველთაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'Mtsukavelians' refers to a group of martyrs from the region of Mtsukavel (or Mtskheta?), but the exact identity is uncertain; the Georgian form suggests a toponymic or patronymic.","cites":[{"key":"ed:synax","label":"source edition: Synaxarium ibericum","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/synax/synax.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"წმიდისა ნერსე გიორგი მთავარეპისკოპოზისაჲ","severity":"info","text":"Nerse Giorgi (Nerses Georgi) is likely a Georgian archbishop; the title 'mthavarepiskopos' indicates a chief bishop, possibly of a major see like Mtskheta.","cites":[{"key":"ed:synax","label":"source edition: Synaxarium ibericum","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/synax/synax.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"წმიდისა შუშანიკ დედოფლისაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The entry for Saint Shushanik the Queen parallels the well-known Georgian martyrdom of Shushanik (5th c.), whose passion is a classic of Georgian hagiography.","cites":[{"key":"ed:synax","label":"source edition: Synaxarium ibericum","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/synax/synax.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"წამებაჲ წმიდისა ტრაქოს პროპოს ანდრონიკჱსი","severity":"caution","text":"The names 'Trakos, Propos, Andronikes' are likely corrupt or variant forms; 'Trakos' may be a misspelling of 'Trax' or 'Thrax', and 'Propos' could be 'Probus' or 'Prokopios'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:synax","label":"source edition: Synaxarium ibericum","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/synax/synax.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"ნ̂თ თავი","severity":"info","text":"The chapter numbering jumps from 49 (ნ̂თ) to 50 (ნ̂) without a break, suggesting a consistent sequence; the use of Georgian alphanumerals (ნ̂ = 50, etc.) is standard for synaxaria.","cites":[{"key":"ed:synax","label":"source edition: Synaxarium ibericum","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/synax/synax.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Mtsukavelians' is unclear; it may refer to martyrs from a specific location or a family group.","The names 'Trakos, Propos, Andronikes' are likely garbled; their original forms are uncertain.","The chapter numbering in the Georgian text uses alphanumerals that may be misread if the manuscript is damaged."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}