{"slug":"stoa0193.stoa013.opp-lat1","id":"latin:ogl-pl:stoa0193.stoa013.opp-lat1","title":"Inscriptiones in Basilicum et Refractorio","title_source":"Inscriptiones in Basilicum et Refractorio","author":"Martinus Dumiensis Episcopus Bracarensis","genre":"other","date":"","tradition":"latin","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T05:58:30Z","cost_usd":0.001521},"source":{"registry_id":"latin:ogl-pl:stoa0193.stoa013.opp-lat1","work_id":"stoa0193.stoa013.opp-lat1","edition":"ogl-pl","language":"","license":"Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License","url":"https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/patrologia_latina-dev/blob/master/data/stoa0193/stoa013/stoa0193.stoa013.opp-lat1.xml"},"stats":{"passages":2,"english_words":335,"coptic_letters":0,"source_letters":1209,"commentary_units":12,"commentary_kinds":6,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":4,"work_notes":5,"external_links":0,"timeline":5},"summary":{"work":"stoa0193.stoa013.opp-lat1","abstract":"The Inscriptiones in Basilicum et Refractorio are two verse inscriptions attributed to Martin of Braga (c. 520–580), a 6th-century bishop of Braga in the Suebian kingdom. Composed in Latin, they were intended for display in a basilica and a refectory, likely part of a monastic or episcopal complex. The texts survive only in manuscript copies of Martin's collected works, with no contemporary epigraphic evidence. Their genre is epigraphic poetry, blending dedicatory and didactic elements. The inscriptions reflect the liturgical and architectural culture of late antique Iberia under Suebian rule, but their precise date and original setting remain uncertain due to lack of external corroboration.","historical_context":"The inscriptions date to the episcopate of Martin of Braga (c. 520–580), a prominent figure in the Suebian kingdom of Gallaecia (northwest Iberia). Martin was a monk, bishop, and hagiographer, known for his missionary work and literary output. The Suebian kingdom, which had converted to Nicene Christianity in the 6th century, was a site of cultural and religious consolidation. The inscriptions likely adorned a church or monastic complex, reflecting the practice of inscribing verse dedications in sacred spaces. The text survives only in medieval manuscript copies of Martin's collected works, not as original stone inscriptions. The earliest known manuscripts are from the 9th–10th centuries, transmitted through Carolingian and Iberian scriptoria. The genre of epigraphic poetry was common in late antiquity, with parallels in the works of Prudentius, Paulinus of Nola, and Venantius Fortunatus. The inscriptions have no known liturgical or canonical use and were included in early modern editions of Martin's writings.","significance":"These inscriptions provide rare evidence of 6th-century Iberian epigraphic poetry and the architectural self-representation of a bishop. They illuminate the cultural and religious life of the Suebian kingdom, a region often underrepresented in early medieval sources. The texts also contribute to the study of the transmission of late antique Latin poetry into the medieval period, as they survive only in manuscript form. Their attribution to Martin of Braga links them to a broader network of hagiographic and pastoral literature in Visigothic and Suebian Iberia.","timeline":[{"date":"c. 520–580","event":"Life of Martin of Braga, bishop and author of the inscriptions."},{"date":"6th c.","event":"Composition of the Inscriptiones in Basilicum et Refractorio, likely during Martin's episcopate."},{"date":"6th c.","event":"Suebian kingdom of Gallaecia, where Martin served as bishop."},{"date":"9th–10th c.","event":"Earliest surviving manuscript copies of Martin's collected works, containing the inscriptions."},{"date":"16th–17th c.","event":"Inclusion of the inscriptions in early modern printed editions of Martin's writings."}],"relations":[{"work":"De correctione rusticorum","relation":"Another work by Martin of Braga, addressing pastoral and liturgical concerns in the same region.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Carmina of Venantius Fortunatus","relation":"Contemporary Latin epigraphic poetry, similar in genre and function.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Inscriptiones Christianae Urbis Romae","relation":"Collection of early Christian inscriptions, providing comparative material for epigraphic verse.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Historia Suevorum","relation":"Historical context for the Suebian kingdom and Martin's episcopate.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Vita Martini Dumiensis","relation":"Hagiographic account of Martin's life, possibly by his disciple or later tradition.","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[],"cautions":["The precise date of composition is unknown; only the century of Martin's episcopate (6th c.) can be inferred.","No contemporary epigraphic witness survives; the text is known only from later manuscript copies.","Attribution to Martin of Braga is traditional but not independently verified by external evidence.","The original architectural setting (basilica and refectory) is hypothetical, based on the titles of the inscriptions."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000514,"generated":"2026-11-15T05:58:30Z"},"links":[{"kind":"source","label":"Open Greek and Latin Patrologia Latina","url":"https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/patrologia_latina-dev/blob/master/data/stoa0193/stoa013/stoa0193.stoa013.opp-lat1.xml"}],"checks":{"work":"stoa0193.stoa013.opp-lat1","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":2,"translated":2,"commentary_passages":2,"commentary_units":12,"english_words":335,"source_letters":1205,"commentary_kinds":6},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The work comprises verse inscriptions for a basilica and a refectory, likely composed for display in a monastic or episcopal complex.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Martin of Braga (c. 520–580) was a 6th-century bishop; these inscriptions are dated to his episcopate, but no external evidence fixes a precise year.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The text survives only in manuscript copies of Martin's collected works; no contemporary epigraphic witness is known.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"These inscriptions were included in early modern editions of Martin's writings, but have no known liturgical or canonical afterlife.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The source edition (ogl-pl) does not provide a critical apparatus; variant readings or manuscript sigla are not reported here.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation could be identified: a language model asked twice could not name one, though it could not rule one out either. That is not proof that none exists — translations in dissertations, recent books and other modern languages are easily missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: other in Latin; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 2 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: ogl-pl — Available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":2},"term_index":[],"citations":{},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"B. MARTINI DUMIENSIS EPISCOPI VARII VERSUS.\n\nIN BASILIA.\n\nPost evangelicum bisseni dogma senatus, Quod regnum Chrisli toto jam personat orbe, Postque sacrum Pauli stylum, quo curia mundi Victa suos tandem stupuit siluisse sophistas, Arctous, Martine, tibi in extrema recessus PandiLur, inque via fidei patet invia tellus. Virtutum signis, meritorum et laude tuorum, Excitat affectum Christi Germania frigens, Flagrat et accenso|divini Spiritus igne, Solvit ab infenso strictas Aquilone pruinas. Immanes, variasque pio sub foedere Christi Asciscis gentes. Alamannus, Saxo, Toringus, Pannonius, Rugus, Sclavus, Nara, Sarmata, Datus, Ostrogothus, Francus, Burgundio, Dacus, Alanus, Te duce nosse Deum gaudent. tua signa Suevos Admirans didicit Gdei quo tramite pergat, Devotusque tuis meritis hæc atria claro Culmine sustollens, Christi venerabile templum Constituit, quo clara Vigens, Martine, tuorum Gratia signorum totis te adesse precatur. Electum, propriumque tenet te Gallia gaudens Pastorem, teneat Gallaecia tola patronum.","english":"The blessed Martin of Dumium, Bishop of Braga: Various Verses.\n\nIn the Basilica.\n\nAfter the apostolic senate of the twelve, whose teaching of Christ now resounds throughout the whole world, and after the sacred pen of Paul, by which the court of the world, conquered, at last marvelled that its own sophists had fallen silent, a remote retreat in the north, Martin, is opened up to you, and in the path of faith, an inaccessible land lies open. By the signs of your virtues and the praise of your merits, the frigid Germany of Christ is stirred to affection, it blazes, kindled with the fire of the divine Spirit, and melts the harsh frosts bound by the north wind. You gather immense and diverse peoples under the pious covenant of Christ: the Alamann, the Saxon, the Thuringian, the Pannonian, the Rugian, the Slav, the Naristian, the Sarmatian, the Dane, the Ostrogoth, the Frank, the Burgundian, the Dacian, the Alan. Under your leadership they rejoice to know God. The Suebian, admiring your standards, learned by what path to go to God, and, devoted to your merits, raising these halls with a bright summit, he established a venerable temple of Christ, in which, Martin, the clear grace of your miracles, flourishing, prays that you be present to all. Rejoicing Gaul holds you as its chosen and own pastor; let Gallaecia hold you as its patron.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Post evangelicum bisseni dogma senatus","severity":"info","text":"The opening line contrasts the apostolic teaching (the twelve apostles) with Paul's writing, establishing a two-part foundation before introducing Martin's northern mission.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"bisseni","severity":"info","text":"Bisseni is a Latin distributive numeral meaning 'twelve each' or 'the twelve,' here referring to the twelve apostles as a group.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Arctous ... recessus","severity":"info","text":"The 'northern retreat' likely refers to Martin's missionary work in Germania and among northern peoples, consistent with his historical activity as a bishop and missionary.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"Alamannus, Saxo, Toringus, Pannonius, Rugus, Sclavus, Nara, Sarmata, Datus, Ostrogothus, Francus, Burgundio, Dacus, Alanus","severity":"info","text":"The list of peoples echoes early medieval catalogues of barbarian tribes converted by missionaries, similar to lists in Bede or in hagiographic accounts of Boniface.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"Devotusque tuis meritis hæc atria claro Culmine sustollens","severity":"info","text":"The Suebian king is said to have built a temple in Martin's honor, reflecting the cult of Martin of Tours in Visigothic and Suebian Iberia.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Gdei","severity":"caution","text":"The form Gdei is likely a scribal error or abbreviation for ad Dei ('to God'), as the context requires a prepositional phrase.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the Suebian king who built the temple is not specified; the text may refer to a historical figure such as Theodemir or Miro.","The phrase 'Gdei' is ambiguous; it is interpreted as a corruption of 'ad Dei' based on context."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"EJUSDEM IN REFECTORIO.\n\nNon hic auratis ornantur prandia fulcris: Assyr ius murex nec tibi sigma dedit. Nec per multipliees abaco splendente cavernas, Ponemur nitidæ codicis arte dapes. Nec scyphus hic dabitur, rutilo cui forte metallo Crustatum stringat tortilis ansa latus. Vina mihi non sunt Gazetica, Chia, Falerna, Quæque Sarapteno palmite missa bibas. Sed quidquid tenuis non complet copia mensæ, Suppleat hoc petimus gratia plena tibi.","english":"Of the Same Author, in the Refectory.\n\nNot here are banquets adorned with gilded couches; Assyrian purple has not given you a sigma-shaped couch. Nor, through the many compartments of a gleaming sideboard, are gleaming dishes of artfully crafted food set before you. Nor will a cup be given here, whose twisted handle clasps a side encrusted with some gleaming metal. I have no wines of Gaza, Chios, or Falernus, nor those you might drink sent from the vine of Sarepta. But whatever the slender bounty of a modest table does not supply, may full grace for you supply this, we ask.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"Assyrius murex","severity":"info","text":"Assyrian purple (murex) was a prized dye from the murex snail, associated with luxury. The sigma-shaped couch (sigma) was a semicircular dining couch used in Roman elite banquets.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"sigma","severity":"info","text":"Sigma refers to the Greek letter Σ (sigma), whose shape resembles a semicircular dining couch (stibadium). This term was used in Latin for such couches, common in Roman and late antique refectories.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"Gazetica, Chia, Falerna, Sarapteno","severity":"info","text":"These are famous wines: Gaza (Palestine), Chios (Aegean), Falernus (Campania), and Sarepta (Phoenicia). Listing them contrasts the monastery's simple fare with worldly luxury.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Non... Nec... Nec... Nec... Sed","severity":"info","text":"The poem uses a series of negations (Non, Nec, Nec, Nec) to reject luxury items, followed by a positive turn with Sed, introducing the request for grace to supplement the humble meal.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"In Refectorio","severity":"info","text":"This inscription for a refectory (dining hall) reflects the monastic ideal of simplicity and humility, contrasting with secular banquets. It was likely displayed in the monastery of Dumium.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"codicis arte","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'codicis arte' (art of the cook? or codex?) is ambiguous. It may refer to a cookbook (codex) or to artful preparation. The translation 'artfully crafted food' is a plausible reading.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["codicis arte: could mean 'art of the cookbook' or 'art of the codex'; the translation takes it as culinary art.","gratia plena: may refer to divine grace or to the abbot's blessing; the poem leaves it open."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}