{"slug":"nonno","id":"georgian:titus:nonno","title":"Nonnos, Scholia to Gregory of Nazianz's speeches (\"Elinta zghaprobani\")","author":"Nonn.","genre":"other","date":"","tradition":"georgian","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:59:37Z","cost_usd":0.001052},"source":{"registry_id":"georgian:titus:nonno","work_id":"nonno","edition":"titus","language":"","license":"This text is part of the TITUS edition of Nonnos, Scholia in orationes Gregorii Nazianzeni. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 12.12.2008. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder.","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etca/cauc/ageo/tmin/nonnos/nonno.htm"},"stats":{"passages":1,"english_words":222,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":6,"commentary_kinds":5,"derived_notes":1,"ambiguities":3,"work_notes":5,"external_links":0,"timeline":5},"summary":{"work":"nonno","abstract":"The work is a Georgian translation of scholia (commentaries) on the orations of Gregory of Nazianz, attributed to a certain Nonnos. It belongs to the genre of patristic commentary, not original theology. The Georgian version survives in a single manuscript tradition, likely produced in a monastic center, and its textual history is tied to the reception of Greek patristic learning in the Georgian church. The dating of the Georgian translation is uncertain; it may belong to the 10th–11th centuries, but the manuscript evidence does not permit a precise terminus ante quem. The edition (titus) provides only the Old Georgian text without critical apparatus or commentary on its sources.","historical_context":"The original Greek scholia on Gregory of Nazianz's orations were composed in Late Antiquity, likely in the 5th–6th centuries, by an author conventionally called Nonnos (possibly distinct from the poet Nonnos of Panopolis). The Georgian translation was produced in a monastic center of the Georgian church, probably between the 10th and 11th centuries, when Georgian translators were actively rendering Greek patristic works into Georgian. The single surviving manuscript suggests limited circulation. The work reflects the Byzantine tradition of commenting on Gregory's orations, which were widely used in liturgical and educational settings. The Georgian version is part of the broader reception of Greek Christian literature in the Caucasus, often mediated through Syriac or Armenian intermediaries, though direct Greek-to-Georgian translation was also common.","significance":"The Georgian scholia of Nonnos provide a rare witness to the transmission of Greek patristic commentary in the Georgian tradition. They illustrate how Byzantine theological and rhetorical education was adapted in a non-Greek context. The work is important for studying the history of biblical and patristic exegesis in the Caucasus and the cultural exchange between the Byzantine and Georgian churches.","timeline":[{"date":"4th c.","event":"Gregory of Nazianz delivers his orations."},{"date":"5th–6th c.","event":"Nonnos composes Greek scholia on Gregory's orations (conjectural)."},{"date":"10th–11th c.","event":"Georgian translation of Nonnos's scholia likely produced (uncertain)."},{"date":"Medieval","event":"Single manuscript of the Georgian version copied and preserved."},{"date":"Modern","event":"Edition published in the TITUS series without critical apparatus."}],"relations":[{"work":"Gregory of Nazianz, Orations","relation":"commented upon","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Nonnos, Scholia to Gregory of Nazianz (Greek original)","relation":"translation of","key":"ed:nonno","label":"source edition: Nonnos, Scholia to Gregory of Nazianz's speeches (\"Elinta zghaprobani\")","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etca/cauc/ageo/tmin/nonnos/nonno.htm"},{"work":"Other Georgian translations of Greek patristic works","relation":"part of same translation movement","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[],"cautions":["The dating of the Georgian translation is uncertain; it may belong to the 10th–11th centuries, but the manuscript evidence does not permit a precise terminus ante quem.","The attribution to Nonnos is traditional but not securely established; the scholiast may be distinct from the poet Nonnos of Panopolis.","The work survives in a single manuscript, so its textual history is fragmentary.","No modern translation or detailed study of the Georgian scholia is available in English."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000402,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:20:38Z"},"checks":{"work":"nonno","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":1,"translated":1,"commentary_passages":1,"commentary_units":6,"english_words":222,"source_letters":869,"commentary_kinds":5},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The work is a Georgian translation of scholia on Gregory of Nazianz's orations, attributed to Nonnos. It belongs to the genre of patristic commentary, not original theology.","cites":[{"key":"ed:nonno","label":"source edition: Nonnos, Scholia to Gregory of Nazianz's speeches (\"Elinta zghaprobani\")","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etca/cauc/ageo/tmin/nonnos/nonno.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Georgian version survives in a single manuscript tradition, likely produced in a monastic center. Its textual history is tied to the reception of Greek patristic learning in the Georgian church.","cites":[{"key":"ed:nonno","label":"source edition: Nonnos, Scholia to Gregory of Nazianz's speeches (\"Elinta zghaprobani\")","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etca/cauc/ageo/tmin/nonnos/nonno.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The dating of the Georgian translation is uncertain; it may belong to the 10th–11th centuries, but the manuscript evidence does not permit a precise terminus ante quem.","cites":[{"key":"ed:nonno","label":"source edition: Nonnos, Scholia to Gregory of Nazianz's speeches (\"Elinta zghaprobani\")","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etca/cauc/ageo/tmin/nonnos/nonno.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The edition (titus) does not provide a critical apparatus or collation of variant readings. Readers should consult the manuscript directly for textual questions.","cites":[{"key":"ed:nonno","label":"source edition: Nonnos, Scholia to Gregory of Nazianz's speeches (\"Elinta zghaprobani\")","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etca/cauc/ageo/tmin/nonnos/nonno.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"No modern translation or detailed study of the Georgian scholia is available in English. The present edition offers only the Old Georgian text without commentary on its sources.","cites":[{"key":"ed:nonno","label":"source edition: Nonnos, Scholia to Gregory of Nazianz's speeches (\"Elinta zghaprobani\")","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etca/cauc/ageo/tmin/nonnos/nonno.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: other in Old Georgian; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 1 narrative."},{"kind":"caution","severity":"caution","text":"1 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: titus — This text is part of the TITUS edition of Nonnos, Scholia in orationes Gregorii Nazianzeni. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 12.12.2008. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder."}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":1},"term_index":[],"citations":{"ed:nonno":{"label":"source edition: Nonnos, Scholia to Gregory of Nazianz's speeches (\"Elinta zghaprobani\")","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etca/cauc/ageo/tmin/nonnos/nonno.htm"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"(ელინთა ზღაპრობანი)\n\nზღაპრობანი კუალად იესუჲსნი 1. იტყჳან ღმრთისმეტყუელნი წარმართთანი, ვითარმედ კრონოს ქმარი იყო რეაჲსი და რომელიცა შვის მისგან, მყის შთანთქის იგი, ვინაჲცა უშვილოდ ეგო რეას. ხოლო რაჟამს შვა დია, შეეშინა, ნუ უკუე შთანთქმით წარწყმდეს იგიცა. ამისთჳს ლოდი წარგრაგნილი მისცა, ვითარცა ჩჩჳლი, ხოლო მისგან შობილი იგი დია დამალა კრიტეს, რამეთუ გარე მოადგინნა მას კორივანტნი და კურიტნი, რომელ იგი იყვნეს ეშმაკნი, რაჲთა როკვიდენ როკვასა აღჭურვილ[თასა], რომელ პირაჰიდ უწოდიან, რაჲთა საჭურველთა მათგან და როკვისა და ტყუელვათა იქმნებოდი(ს) ბგერაჲ დამფარველი ჴმ(ის)ა ჩჩჳლისა მტირალისა რაჲთა ვერ აგრძნას კრონოს სადა ყოფაჲ მისი და შთანთქას იგიცა. ამისთჳს მოძღუარი მამად შვილის მოძულედ იტყჳს კრონოს(ს), ხოლო შვილად მტირალად დიოსს, [რო]მელსა უწოდიან ზევს. აწ კრიტელთა მძლავრად იტყჳს, დაღათუ წარმართთა არა სთნავსო, ესე იგი არს, რამეთუ არა სთნავს ფილასოფოსთა მათთა, რაჲთამცა კაც გინა მსაჯულ უწოდდეს დიოსს, რომელსა იგინი ღმრთად იტყჳან, შობილად ღმერთთა ჴრონოჲს და რეაჲსგან და ვითარცა ღმერთსა ამსახურებენ ყოველთა მიმდგომთა მათთა, რომელი იგი მძლავრ არს და არა ღმერთ.","english":"(The Hellenic Fables)\n\nThe fables again of Jesus. 1. The theologians among the pagans say that Kronos was the husband of Rhea, and whatever child was born from him, he immediately devoured it, because Rhea was childless. But when she gave birth to Zeus, she feared lest he too be destroyed by being devoured. For this reason she gave him a stone wrapped in swaddling clothes, like an infant, while the newborn Zeus she hid in Crete, for she stationed around him the Korybantes and the Curetes, who were demons, so that they might dance the armed dance, which they call the Pyrrhic, so that from their armor and dancing and shouting a sound might be produced that would drown out the crying of the infant, so that Kronos might not perceive his whereabouts and devour him as well. For this reason the teacher calls Kronos a father who hates his son, and Zeus a weeping son, whom they call Zeus. Now he calls the Cretans \"mighty,\" although it does not please the pagans, that is, it does not please their philosophers, that Zeus should be called a man or a judge, whom they declare to be a god, born of the gods Kronos and Rhea, and as a god they serve all their followers, who is mighty and not a god.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ზღაპრობანი კუალად იესუჲსნი","severity":"info","text":"The opening phrase 'The fables again of Jesus' marks this as a second collection of mythological narratives within the larger work, following an earlier set.","cites":[{"key":"ed:nonno","label":"source edition: Nonnos, Scholia to Gregory of Nazianz's speeches (\"Elinta zghaprobani\")","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etca/cauc/ageo/tmin/nonnos/nonno.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"კრონოს","severity":"info","text":"Kronos is the Greek god identified with Saturn, here depicted as a father devouring his children, a myth used by Gregory to illustrate a point about divine nature.","cites":[{"key":"ed:nonno","label":"source edition: Nonnos, Scholia to Gregory of Nazianz's speeches (\"Elinta zghaprobani\")","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etca/cauc/ageo/tmin/nonnos/nonno.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"კორივანტნი და კურიტნი","severity":"info","text":"The Korybantes and Curetes are mythological attendants of the infant Zeus in Crete, known for their armed dances that concealed his cries from Kronos.","cites":[{"key":"ed:nonno","label":"source edition: Nonnos, Scholia to Gregory of Nazianz's speeches (\"Elinta zghaprobani\")","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etca/cauc/ageo/tmin/nonnos/nonno.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"პირაჰიდ","severity":"info","text":"The Pyrrhic dance (πυρρίχη) was a Greek armed dance, here associated with the Curetes' ritual to mask the infant Zeus's crying.","cites":[{"key":"ed:nonno","label":"source edition: Nonnos, Scholia to Gregory of Nazianz's speeches (\"Elinta zghaprobani\")","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etca/cauc/ageo/tmin/nonnos/nonno.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"მოძუარი","severity":"info","text":"The 'teacher' likely refers to Gregory of Nazianz, whose homily this scholia explains, interpreting Kronos as a father who hates his son and Zeus as a weeping child.","cites":[{"key":"ed:nonno","label":"source edition: Nonnos, Scholia to Gregory of Nazianz's speeches (\"Elinta zghaprobani\")","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etca/cauc/ageo/tmin/nonnos/nonno.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"დაღათუ წარმართთა არა სთნავსო","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'although it does not please the pagans' introduces a contested point: the scholiast asserts that Cretans are called 'mighty' despite pagan philosophers' objections to Zeus being called a man or judge.","cites":[{"key":"ed:nonno","label":"source edition: Nonnos, Scholia to Gregory of Nazianz's speeches (\"Elinta zghaprobani\")","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etca/cauc/ageo/tmin/nonnos/nonno.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Jesus' in the opening phrase is unclear; it may refer to a lost work or a scribal addition.","The phrase 'the teacher' could refer to Gregory of Nazianz or another patristic author; the context suggests Gregory.","The reading 'mighty' (მძლავრ) for the Cretans is ambiguous; the scholiast notes it is disputed by pagan philosophers."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]}]}