{"slug":"nazia","id":"georgian:titus:nazia","title":"Gregory of Nazianzus, Speeches (from Mravaltavis)","author":"Greg.Naz.","genre":"liturgy","date":"","tradition":"georgian","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:59:36Z","cost_usd":0.001257},"source":{"registry_id":"georgian:titus:nazia","work_id":"nazia","edition":"titus","language":"","license":"This text is part of the TITUS edition of Gregor Nazianzenus, Orationes. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 12.12.2008. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder.","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etca/cauc/ageo/mravtavi/nazianz/nazia.htm"},"stats":{"passages":1,"english_words":136,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":6,"commentary_kinds":6,"derived_notes":1,"ambiguities":2,"work_notes":5,"external_links":2,"timeline":5},"summary":{"work":"nazia","abstract":"The Old Georgian translation of Gregory of Nazianzus’ Speeches survives only within the Mravaltavi (homiliary) manuscript tradition, where liturgical excerpting shaped both selection and transmission. These speeches were translated for use in the Georgian lectionary, read on specific feast days. The translation is conventionally dated to the 10th–11th centuries, but the manuscript evidence is later, and no autograph or early witness survives. The text presented does not collate all Mravaltavi manuscripts, and variants between codices are not recorded, so it may not represent the earliest recoverable form. The Old Georgian text is a translation from Greek, and theological terms may reflect Georgian interpretive choices.","historical_context":"The Georgian translation of Gregory of Nazianzus’ Speeches was produced for liturgical use in the Georgian Church, likely in the 10th–11th centuries, a period of intense translation activity from Greek into Old Georgian, especially in monastic centers such as the Iviron monastery on Mount Athos and the Georgian monasteries in Palestine. The Mravaltavi (homiliary) manuscripts, which preserve these excerpts, are festal collections used in the Georgian lectionary, where Gregory’s homilies were read on specific feast days. The selection and textual transmission were shaped by this liturgical function, not by the original sequence of the Speeches. The surviving manuscripts are later than the translation itself, and no early witness remains. The Georgian text reflects the interpretive choices of the translators, who adapted Greek theological vocabulary into Georgian, sometimes creating unique forms (e.g., 'nandzinandzorevelisay' for Nazianzus). The translation tradition is part of the broader reception of Greek patristic literature in the Georgian Orthodox world.","significance":"This Old Georgian translation of Gregory’s Speeches is a key witness to the reception of Greek patristic literature in the medieval Georgian Church. It demonstrates how liturgical needs shaped the selection and transmission of homiletic texts, and it preserves Georgian theological vocabulary and interpretive choices. The Mravaltavi tradition links Gregory’s works to the broader corpus of festal homilies used in the Georgian lectionary, illuminating the liturgical and cultural exchange between Greek and Georgian Christianity.","timeline":[{"date":"4th c.","event":"Gregory of Nazianzus delivers his Speeches in Greek."},{"date":"10th–11th c.","event":"Conventional dating of the Old Georgian translation of Gregory’s Speeches."},{"date":"10th–13th c.","event":"Period of active translation of Greek patristic texts into Old Georgian, especially in monastic centers."},{"date":"11th–13th c.","event":"Earliest surviving Mravaltavi manuscripts containing Gregory’s Speeches."},{"date":"Undated","event":"No autograph or early witness of the Georgian translation survives."}],"relations":[{"work":"Gregory of Nazianzus, Speeches (Greek original)","relation":"source text for the Old Georgian translation","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Mravaltavi (Georgian homiliary)","relation":"manuscript tradition preserving the Old Georgian excerpts","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Georgian Lectionary","relation":"liturgical context for the selection and use of the excerpts","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"1 Corinthians 15:45","relation":"Pauline typology echoed in the Georgian translation of 'eschatos'","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Matthew 3:13-17; Mark 1:9-11; Luke 3:21-22","relation":"biblical allusions to the Baptism of Christ in the Georgian text","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[{"key":"wikipedia:Gregory of Nazianzus","label":"Gregory of Nazianzus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus","reason":"Author of the original Speeches"},{"key":"wikipedia:Georgian language","label":"Georgian language","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_language","reason":"Language of the translation"}],"cautions":["The translation date (10th–11th centuries) is conventional and not supported by direct manuscript evidence.","No autograph or early witness of the Georgian translation survives; the earliest manuscripts are later.","The text presented does not collate all Mravaltavi manuscripts, so it may not represent the earliest recoverable form.","Variants between codices are not recorded, limiting the ability to assess textual stability.","The Georgian translation may reflect interpretive choices; readers should consult the Greek original for precise doctrinal nuance."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000532,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:19:06Z"},"checks":{"work":"nazia","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":1,"translated":1,"commentary_passages":1,"commentary_units":6,"english_words":136,"source_letters":581,"commentary_kinds":6},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Old Georgian text of Gregory’s Speeches survives only in the Mravaltavi (homiliary) manuscript tradition, not as an independent corpus. This selection reflects liturgical excerpting, not the original sequence.","cites":[{"key":"ed:nazia","label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Speeches (from Mravaltavis)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etca/cauc/ageo/mravtavi/nazianz/nazia.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"These speeches were translated for use in the Georgian lectionary, where they were read on specific feast days. Their liturgical function shaped both the selection and the textual transmission.","cites":[{"key":"ed:nazia","label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Speeches (from Mravaltavis)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etca/cauc/ageo/mravtavi/nazianz/nazia.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Georgian translation of Gregory’s Speeches is conventionally dated to the 10th–11th centuries, but the manuscript evidence in the Mravaltavi is later. No autograph or early witness survives.","cites":[{"key":"ed:nazia","label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Speeches (from Mravaltavis)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etca/cauc/ageo/mravtavi/nazianz/nazia.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"This edition does not collate all Mravaltavi manuscripts. Variants between codices are not recorded, so the text presented may not represent the earliest recoverable form.","cites":[{"key":"ed:nazia","label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Speeches (from Mravaltavis)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etca/cauc/ageo/mravtavi/nazianz/nazia.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Old Georgian text is a translation from Greek; theological terms may reflect Georgian interpretive choices. Readers should consult the Greek original for precise doctrinal nuance.","cites":[{"key":"ed:nazia","label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Speeches (from Mravaltavis)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etca/cauc/ageo/mravtavi/nazianz/nazia.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: liturgy in Old Georgian; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 1 narrative."},{"kind":"caution","severity":"caution","text":"1 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: titus — This text is part of the TITUS edition of Gregor Nazianzenus, Orationes. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 12.12.2008. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder."}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":1},"term_index":[],"citations":{"ed:nazia":{"label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Speeches (from Mravaltavis)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etca/cauc/ageo/mravtavi/nazianz/nazia.htm"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":":ვ: [საკითხავი] წმიდისა გრიგორი ღმრთის-მეტყუელისა ეპიზკოპისისა ნანძინანძორეველისაჲ შობისათჳს უფლისა რამეთუ გამოჩნდა ღმერთი კაცთა შორის ჴორციელად შობილი, რომელი იყო და მარადის არს სამარადისოჲსაგან არსებისა, და ჩუენთჳს იქმნა იგი უკუანაჲსკნელ კაც. და ვითარცა არსებაჲ მოსცა კაცთა ეგრევე, რაჲთა უმჯობჱსად ყოფაჲ მოანიჭოს და, უფროჲსღა, რაჲთა დაცემისაგან ბოროტისა აღადგინოს მასვე კუალად ღი[რ]სებასა ჴორც-შესხმისაგა[ნ] თჳსისა. და სახელ ედების გ[ა]მოჩინებისა მისისათჳს გამოცხადება, ხოლო შობისათჳს -- შობ[ა]. ესე არს ჩუენდა კრება და ამ[ას] დღესასწაულსა აღვასრულებდეთ დღეს, და შემდგომად მცირედ ვიხილოთ ნა[თ]ლისღებაჲცა იესუჲსი იორდა[ნ]ესა მდინარე[სა] ჩუენისა გა[ნ]წმედისათჳს და უფროჲს [ხოლო] განწმედისათჳს წყალთაჲს[ა]","english":"Fifth: [Reading] of Saint Gregory the Theologian, Bishop of Nazianzus, concerning the Nativity of the Lord: that God appeared among men, born in the flesh, who was and always is from the eternal being, and for our sake he became the last man. And just as he gave existence to men, so he might grant them a better state, and, moreover, that he might raise them up from the fall of evil again to the dignity of his own incarnation. And for the sake of the manifestation of his name, revelation; and for the sake of the birth, birth. This is our assembly, and on this feast we celebrate today, and afterwards we shall briefly also behold the illumination of Jesus in the Jordan River, for our purification and, moreover, for the purification of the waters.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"საკითხავი","severity":"info","text":"The Georgian rubric 'საკითხავი' (sak'it'xavi) marks this as a lectionary reading, not a continuous homily. The passage is a liturgical excerpt from Gregory's Nativity speech.","cites":[{"key":"ed:nazia","label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Speeches (from Mravaltavis)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etca/cauc/ageo/mravtavi/nazianz/nazia.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"უკუანაჲსკნელ","severity":"info","text":"The Georgian 'უკუანაჲსკნელ' (uk'uanaysk'nel) translates Greek 'ἔσχατος' (eschatos), 'last'. The phrase 'last man' echoes Pauline typology of Christ as the second Adam (1 Cor 15:45).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"იორდანესა მდინარესა","severity":"info","text":"The reference to Jesus' illumination in the Jordan alludes to the Baptism of Christ (Matt 3:13-17; Mark 1:9-11; Luke 3:21-22). The Georgian 'ნათლისღებაჲ' (nat'lisgebay) means 'baptism' or 'illumination'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ნანძინანძორეველისაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The toponym 'ნანძინანძორეველისაჲ' (nandzinandzorevelisay) is a Georgian corruption of 'Nazianzus', Gregory's see. Such forms are common in Old Georgian hagiographic and liturgical texts.","cites":[{"key":"ed:nazia","label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Speeches (from Mravaltavis)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etca/cauc/ageo/mravtavi/nazianz/nazia.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"წმიდისა გრიგორი ღმრთის-მეტყუელისა","severity":"info","text":"Gregory is titled 'ღმრთის-მეტყუელი' (ghmrtis-met'q'ueli), 'Theologian', a standard epithet in Georgian tradition. This reading was used in the Mravaltavi, a collection of festal homilies for the Georgian liturgical year.","cites":[{"key":"ed:nazia","label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Speeches (from Mravaltavis)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etca/cauc/ageo/mravtavi/nazianz/nazia.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ღი[რ]სებასა","severity":"caution","text":"The word 'ღი[რ]სებასა' (ghirisebasa) is partially reconstructed; the manuscript likely reads 'ღირსებასა' (ghirsebasa, 'dignity'). The bracketed 'რ' is a conjectural restoration by the editor.","cites":[{"key":"ed:nazia","label":"source edition: Gregory of Nazianzus, Speeches (from Mravaltavis)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etca/cauc/ageo/mravtavi/nazianz/nazia.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'სახელ ედების' (saxel edebis) is obscure; it may mean 'for the sake of the name' or be a corruption of a Greek phrase. The translation 'for the sake of the manifestation of his name' is interpretive.","The final clause about purification of waters is ambiguous: it may refer to the blessing of baptismal waters or to the Epiphany tradition of blessing rivers."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]}]}