{"slug":"modre","id":"georgian:titus:modre","title":"Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","author":"Mik.Modrek.","genre":"liturgy","date":"","tradition":"georgian","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:59:36Z","cost_usd":0.005293},"source":{"registry_id":"georgian:titus:modre","work_id":"modre","edition":"titus","language":"","license":"This text is part of the TITUS edition of Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 19.11.2017. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder.","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"},"stats":{"passages":10,"english_words":1560,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":59,"commentary_kinds":8,"derived_notes":6,"ambiguities":18,"work_notes":6,"external_links":2,"timeline":6},"summary":{"work":"modre","abstract":"Mikael Modrekili's Hymnography is a collection of liturgical hymns in archaic Old Georgian, preserved in a single 10th–11th century manuscript. The corpus reflects the consolidation of Georgian hymnody under monastic centers on Mount Athos and in Palestine, with frequent Greek loanwords and calques indicating a bilingual liturgical environment. Attribution to Mikael Modrekili (late 10th century) is conventional; some pieces may be earlier or by other authors. The hymns were used in Georgian Orthodox liturgy for centuries before being superseded by the Constantinopolitan rite. The Titus edition offers a diplomatic transcription without critical apparatus or translation, leaving textual uncertainties unresolved.","historical_context":"The hymns were composed and compiled in the late 10th century, a period of liturgical consolidation among Georgian monastic communities on Mount Athos and in Palestine. The sole surviving witness is a single manuscript copied in the 10th–11th centuries, written in an archaic register of Old Georgian with Greek loanwords and calques, reflecting the bilingual liturgical environment of medieval Georgia. The collection was used in the Georgian Orthodox liturgy for centuries and influenced later medieval Georgian hymn collections, though it was eventually superseded by the Constantinopolitan rite. Attribution of all hymns to Mikael Modrekili is conventional; the manuscript does not consistently name composers, so some pieces may be earlier or by other authors. The Titus edition provides a diplomatic transcription without critical apparatus or translation, leaving variant readings and emendations unindicated.","significance":"Mikael Modrekili's Hymnography is a key witness to the development of Georgian liturgical hymnody and the cultural exchange between Georgian and Byzantine traditions. It reflects the theological and linguistic synthesis of the period and influenced later medieval Georgian hymn collections. The corpus also illustrates the role of Georgian monastic centers on Mount Athos and in Palestine in shaping Orthodox liturgy.","timeline":[{"date":"late 10th c.","event":"Composition of hymns attributed to Mikael Modrekili"},{"date":"10th–11th c.","event":"Copying of the sole surviving manuscript"},{"date":"431","event":"Council of Ephesus affirms Theotokos, central to Georgian Mariology"},{"date":"10th–11th c.","event":"Georgian monastic consolidation on Mount Athos and in Palestine"},{"date":"later medieval","event":"Influence on later Georgian hymn collections"},{"date":"eventually","event":"Supersession by Constantinopolitan rite"}],"relations":[{"work":"Byzantine hymnography","relation":"shares liturgical formulas and theological themes","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Georgian monastic literature from Mount Athos","relation":"contemporary and contextual","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Titus edition of Mikael Modrekili","relation":"diplomatic transcription without apparatus","key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"},{"work":"Council of Ephesus (431)","relation":"affirms Theotokos title used in hymns","key":"wikipedia:Council of Ephesus","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Old Georgian liturgical manuscripts","relation":"part of same transmission tradition","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"Titus edition of Mikael Modrekili","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm","reason":"Base source for the work"},{"key":"wikipedia:Council of Ephesus","label":"Council of Ephesus","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus","reason":"Theotokos doctrine central to the hymns"}],"cautions":["Attribution of all hymns to Mikael Modrekili is conventional; some pieces may be earlier or by other authors.","The sole surviving manuscript is from the 10th–11th centuries, but the exact date of composition is unknown.","The Titus edition provides no critical apparatus or translation; variant readings and emendations are not indicated.","Lines 1-5 of the sample hymn are heavily lacunose; conjectural readings in translations may not be fully supported by the Georgian text."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.00047,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:33:07Z"},"checks":{"work":"modre","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":10,"translated":10,"commentary_passages":10,"commentary_units":59,"english_words":1560,"source_letters":6432,"commentary_kinds":8},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The hymns are in the archaic register of Old Georgian, with frequent Greek loanwords and calques reflecting the bilingual liturgical environment of medieval Georgia.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The sole surviving witness is a single manuscript (Titus edition base) containing the hymn collection of Mikael Modrekili, copied in the 10th–11th centuries.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Mikael Modrekili is dated to the late 10th century; the collection reflects the liturgical consolidation under Georgian monasticism on Mount Athos and in Palestine.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This hymnographic corpus was used in the Georgian Orthodox liturgy for centuries and influenced later medieval Georgian hymn collections, though it was eventually superseded by the Constantinopolitan rite.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Titus edition provides no critical apparatus or translation; the reader must rely on the diplomatic transcription alone, with no indication of variant readings or emendations.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"Attribution of all hymns to Mikael Modrekili is conventional; some pieces may be earlier or by other authors, as the manuscript does not consistently name composers.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: liturgy in Old Georgian; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 10 narrative."},{"kind":"caution","severity":"caution","text":"5 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note."},{"kind":"scripture","severity":"info","text":"1 scriptural phrase match(es) noted: John 1:14."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: titus — This text is part of the TITUS edition of Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 19.11.2017. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder."}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":10},"term_index":[],"citations":{"ed:modre":{"label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"Ms. S-425\n\nLine of ed.: 1 Ⴍდ.... მოიჴსენნით ცთომილნი ....დისა პირველისა ....სნი აღფ.... მწუხარებითა ხ̃. : Line of ed.: 2 ხედ წდ̃თა დედოფალო მიუწდომელითა მით აღვსრ.... ტანჯვითა : მან.... Line of ed.: 3 ჩ̃ნ სიკუდილი : ხოლო შენგან მოგუემადლოს იგი.... Line of ed.: 4 .... რამეთუ საშოჲსაგან შენისა : გამობრწყინდა მჴსნელი ჩუენი და მაცხოვარი და.... Line of ed.: 5 მიზეზი ჴსნისა ჩუენისაჲ : და ცხოვრებაჲ საუკუნოჲ სულთა ჩუენთა რ̃ი შეიკრა მჩუ.... Line of ed.: 6 * Ⴐომელმან წამისყოფითა მით საღმრთოჲთა : გარდაართხნა ცანი მაღალნი : და დაიმტკიცა ქუეყანაჲ Line of ed.: 7 წყალთა ზედა : სათნო იყო მოსლვაჲ ზეცით ქუეყანად : და იშვა ჴორციელად : ჴსნისათჳს Line of ed.: 8 თჳსითა დაბადებულთა -:- რაჲმე შევწიროთ შენდა ღთ̃ისმშობელო : ანუ ვითარითა სიტყვაჲ Line of ed.: 9 შემძლებელ ვიქმნნეთ ღირსად ქებასა შენსა : რამეთუ ზეშთა ხარ ცნობათა ჩუენთა : არამედ Line of ed.: 10 ვითარცა სთქუ : გნატრიდეთ შენ სარწმუნოვებით მწყობრი შაბათსა მას და + Line of ed.: 11 Ⴋეუფემან მეუფებათამან : და უფალმან უფლებათამან სიბრძნით დამბადებელმან...","english":"Ms. S-425\n\n...remember the erring ones ... of the first day ... with sorrow ... X. : \nBehold, O Queen of the [Heavens?], with that incomprehensible ... torment ... : \n... death : but from you may he grant us that ... : \n... for from your womb : our Saviour and Redeemer shone forth and ... : \nthe cause of our salvation : and the eternal life of our souls ... was bound ... : \n* He who by the divine decree of the cross : scattered the high heavens : and established the earth upon the waters : it pleased him to descend from heaven to earth : and he was born in the flesh for the salvation of his creatures : \nWhat shall we offer to you, O Mother of God : or with what word shall we be able worthily to praise you : for you are above our understanding : but as it is said : we shall honour you with faith, on that Sabbath and + \nLord of lords : and Master of masters : the Creator by wisdom...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Line of ed.: 1-11","severity":"info","text":"The passage is a hymn to the Theotokos, with a narrative section (lines 6-8) recounting Christ's incarnation and salvation, framed by direct address and praise.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Ⴐომელმან წამისყოფითა მით საღმრთოჲთა","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'by the divine decree of the cross' (line 6) uses 'cross' (წამისყოფი) in a theological sense, referring to the salvific plan of the cross.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"გარდაართხნა ცანი მაღალნი : და დაიმტკიცა ქუეყანაჲ წყალთა ზედა","severity":"info","text":"Echoes Genesis 1:6-9 (creation of firmament and earth) and possibly Psalm 136:6 (earth established on waters), adapted to Christ's cosmic act.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ღთ̃ისმშობელო","severity":"info","text":"The title 'Mother of God' (Theotokos) was affirmed at the Council of Ephesus (431) and is central to Georgian hymnography, reflecting Orthodox Mariology.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Line of ed.: 1-5","severity":"caution","text":"Lines 1-5 are heavily lacunose; the English draft supplies conjectural readings (e.g., 'Queen of the [Heavens?]') that are not fully supported by the Georgian text.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"Line of ed.: 10-11","severity":"info","text":"The closing doxology ('Lord of lords...') is a standard liturgical formula, also found in Byzantine hymns, indicating shared liturgical tradition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["Line 1: 'of the first day' may refer to a specific liturgical day (e.g., Sunday) or a day of creation; the lacunae obscure the context.","Line 2: 'Queen of the [Heavens?]' is a restoration; the Georgian has 'დედოფალო' (queen) but the following word is lost.","Line 5: 'was bound' (შეიკრა) could be passive or middle; the subject is unclear due to lacunae."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"Line of ed.: 12 ხატი თჳსი ადამ : რომელი დაჰბადა ჴელითა მით საღმრთოჲთა : მტერისა ზაკუვითა ცთუნებული Line of ed.: 13 პირველად : და დაცემული ცისა მიერ : მოხედვა-ყო სახიერებით : მამამან მოწყალემ̃ნ Line of ed.: 14 და სიტყუაჲ თანასწორი : მოავლინა ჴორცთა შემოსად : თანაგანზრახვითა სულისა წმიდისაჲთა : Line of ed.: 15 რაჲთა განიჴსნნეს ნაშობნი მოკლულთანი : საკრველთაგან სიკუდილისათა -:- Line of ed.: 16 Ⴋშობელო დამბადებელისაო : და განმაქარვებელო ყუედრებისაო : ეტლო და საყდარო მაცხოვრისაო : + Line of ed.: 17 უმეტესად გიხაროდენ ქალწულო უბიწოო. : და განსცხრებოდე : საღმრთოჲთა Line of ed.: 18 მით ძნობითა : განძარცუე მწუხარებაჲ პირველი. : ჯუარსცუმისა და დაფლვისა ძისა შენისაჲ : Line of ed.: 19 მიიწრაფე საფლავად საყუარელისა თანა : მოწაფისა და მის თანა : ყურად იღე Line of ed.: 20 ანგელოზთაგან გიხაროდენი : აღდგომისათჳს ძისა შენისა. : და ღმრთისა ჩუენ ყოველთაჲსა -:- + Line of ed.: 21 * Ⴐ̃ი უხილავ ხარ : უჴორცოთაგან ზეცისათა : სიტყუაო და სიბრძნეო მხოლოო : ქრისტეჲ დაუსაბამოო : Line of ed.: 22 აღსასრულსა ჟამთასა : ქუეყანად : გარდამოჰჴედ ჴსნისათჳს დაბადებულთაჲ... Line of ed.: 23 და მოიღე მოწყალებით. : სახიერო. : ბუნებაჲ ჩუენი. : ურჩებით დაცემული : და ზეშთა[აღა]მაღლე : Line of ed.: 24 რ̃ჟს იგი შეჰზავე ....","english":"Your image Adam, whom He created with the divine hand, deceived by the enemy’s cunning at first, and fallen from heaven, the merciful Father looked upon with kindness, and sent forth the equal Word to clothe Himself in flesh, by the co-intention of the Holy Spirit, that the offspring of the slain might be delivered from the bonds of death. O Mother of the Creator and Dispeller of the curse, Chariot and Throne of the Savior, most greatly do you rejoice, O Immaculate Virgin, and you are delighted by that divine knowledge; you dispelled the first sorrow of the Crucifixion and Burial of your Son; you hastened to the tomb with your beloved disciple, and with him you heeded the rejoicing of the angels for the Resurrection of your Son and our God of all. O invisible One, only Word and Wisdom, Christ without beginning, from the incorporeal beings of heaven, at the end of times you descended to earth for the salvation of the creatures, and you brought with mercy, O Good One, our nature, fallen through disobedience, and raised it up again. When He sent you...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ხატი","severity":"info","text":"Georgian 'khati' (image) here refers to Adam as the 'image' of God, echoing Genesis 1:26-27 and patristic theology of man as divine icon.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ნაშობნი მოკლულთანი","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'offspring of the slain' alludes to Christ as the new Adam, redeeming the dead through His sacrifice, a common typology in Eastern hymnography.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"საკრველთაგან სიკუდილისათა","severity":"info","text":"The 'bonds of death' motif is central to Georgian Easter hymns, reflecting the theology of Christ's Harrowing of Hades and the liberation of the righteous dead.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"†","severity":"info","text":"The cross symbol (†) in the manuscript marks a liturgical division, likely indicating a strophe or doxological conclusion within the hymn.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"Mikhael Modrekili","severity":"info","text":"Mikhael Modrekili (10th-11th c.) compiled this hymn for the Georgian liturgical tradition, preserving earlier Byzantine and local compositions in the Iadgari (Tropologion).","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Line 24","severity":"caution","text":"Line 24 is fragmentary: 'When He sent you...' breaks off, possibly due to manuscript damage or a lacuna in the source.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'you' in line 24 is ambiguous: it may refer to the Virgin Mary or to the Word/Christ, depending on the preceding context."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"მოკუდავი ბუნებასა : უკუდავსა ღმრთეებისასა კაც[თმოყუა]რეჲ : Line of ed.: 25 მაცხოვარო : ჩუენო დიდებაჲ შენდა -:- Line of ed.: 26 Ⴐომელ უხილავ არს. : უჴორცოთაგან ზეცისათა [მაც]ხო[ვართა] თანა_არსი მამისაჲ : საშოდ .... + Line of ed.: 27 და გარდამოჴდა. : ვითარცა წჳმაჲ ზეცით მ[დუმ]რიად საწმისსა ზედა საღმრთოჲსა და ვითარცა : Line of ed.: 28 ცუარი რაჲ ცურინ ქუეყანასა : ეგრეთ შეიწყნარე უსძლოო.","english":"mortal nature, the immortal divinity, the lover of mankind, O our Savior, glory to you. He who is invisible, incorporeal, from the heavenly ones, the co-essential Son of the Father, descended. And he came down, like dew from heaven silently upon the divine fleece, and like a ray of the sun upon the earth, thus did you receive the sinless one.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"მოკუდავი ბუნებასა : უკუდავსა ღმრთეებისასა","severity":"info","text":"The juxtaposition of 'mortal nature' and 'immortal divinity' establishes the central paradox of the Incarnation, a theme common in Georgian hymnography.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"თანა_არსი","severity":"info","text":"The term 'co-essential' (თანა_არსი) renders the Greek ὁμοούσιος, a key Nicene term for the Son's consubstantiality with the Father, here applied to Christ.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"წჳმაჲ ზეცით მ[დუმ]რიად საწმისსა","severity":"info","text":"The image of dew falling silently on fleece echoes Judges 6:36–40 (Gideon's fleece), a type of the Annunciation in patristic exegesis, symbolizing the Incarnation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ცუარი რაჲ ცურინ ქუეყანასა","severity":"info","text":"The simile of a sunbeam on earth is a standard patristic metaphor for the Incarnation, emphasizing Christ's divine origin and his unmingled presence in the material world.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Line of ed.: 25–28","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from direct address ('O our Savior') to a narrative of Christ's descent, using two parallel similes (dew and sunbeam) to illustrate the Incarnation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"საშოდ .... +","severity":"caution","text":"The text at 'საშოდ .... +' is corrupt or lacunose; the English draft omits it, and the sense of the descent may be incomplete.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'საშოდ .... +' is unclear; it may be a damaged form of 'საშოდ' (perhaps 'from the womb' or a place name), but the reading is uncertain.","The identity of 'the sinless one' (უსძლოო) is ambiguous: it could refer to Christ, the Virgin, or the fleece as a type of Mary."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":": და გამოგჳბრწყინე ჩუენ : Line of ed.: 29 მზეჲ იგი სიმართლისაჲ : რომელმან განმანათლნა : საღმრთოჲთა მით ნათლითა : მსხდომარენი Line of ed.: 30 სიკუდილისა აჩრდილთა : და აღმავსნა : ყოველნი ცხოვრებითა -:- შემდგომად რვა დღ -:- + Line of ed.: 31 Ⴘენ ქრისტეჲ მაცხოვარ : ცხოველს მყოფელმან მაგით : ჴორცთაშესხმითა შენითა : განმაცხოველენ Line of ed.: 32 ურჩებით მომწყუდარნი : და ღირს მყვენ პირველსავე : ზეცისა დიდებასა : რაჲ ჟამს Line of ed.: 33 მოჰკალ მკლველი ჩუენი : და დაჰსაჯე ცოდვაჲ ჴორცითა : რომელნიცა შეიმოსენ : უბიწოჲსა Line of ed.: 34 ქალწულისაგან : დაბადებულთა ჴსნისათჳს დიდებაჲ : Line of ed.: 35 Ⴘემდგომად შობისა : შენისა უსძლოო ქალწულო : დაგიცვა უვნებელად : შობილმან შენგან + Line of ed.: 1 [სი]ტყუამან მამისამან : რ̃ შეცვალნა წესნი : ღთ̃ეებრ : შობითა მათ დედობრივთანი : და Line of ed.: 2 უზეშთაეს ბუნებათა : გამობრწყინდა შენგან ძეჲ და სიტყუაჲ დაუსაბამოჲ : რომელმან Line of ed.: 3 მოსცა სოფელს : დიდი წყალობაჲ -:- ეჰა ვ̃რ ბაგეთა ჴორცი -:- '''''''''' Line of ed.: 4 Ⴄჰა მიუწდომელს : მოწყალებასა შენსა : ქრისტეჲ სიტყუაო ღმრთისაო : რამეთუ უჴორცოჲ Line of ed.: 5 ღმერთი : განჴორციელდი : და შეეზავე უსხეულოჲ : ხატსა სხეულოვანსა : ბრძმედსა მას Line of ed.: 6 შინა : სიწმიდისასა : ქალწულისა საშოსა : და","english":"and you shone for us, that sun of righteousness, which enlightened us with that divine light, those sitting in the shadows of death, and filled all with life. After eight days. You, Christ the Savior, by your incarnation, which makes me alive, you enlivened the disobedient who were bound, and make me worthy of the first glory of heaven, at the time when you struck down our murderer and judged sin through the flesh, those who were clothed from the immaculate Virgin for the sake of the salvation of the creatures. Glory. After your birth, O immaculate Virgin, the one born from you preserved you unharmed. The Word of the Father changed the laws like God through the birth with its maternal ones, and beyond natures, the Son and the eternal Word shone forth from you, who gave great mercy to the world. Behold, the Word became flesh. Behold, your incomprehensible mercy, O Christ, Word of God, for the incorporeal God became incarnate and the bodiless one mingled with the bodily image, in that pure womb of the Virgin, and","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"შემდგომად რვა დღ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'After eight days' marks a liturgical rubric, likely referring to the feast of the Circumcision of Christ (eight days after Christmas) or the Sunday after Christmas in the Georgian tradition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ეჰა ვ̃რ ბაგეთა ჴორცი","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Behold, the Word became flesh' echoes John 1:14 (Greek: 'Καὶ ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο'), a key Christological statement on the Incarnation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"სიტყუაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'sიტყუაჲ' (sitq'vay) means 'word' and here refers to the Logos, the second person of the Trinity, consistent with Georgian theological usage.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ჴორცთაშესხმითა","severity":"info","text":"The term 'ჴორცთაშესხმითა' (qort'asheskhmitha) means 'incarnation' (literally 'flesh-taking'), a central concept in Georgian hymnography for Christ's salvific embodiment.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"დაგიცვა უვნებელად","severity":"info","text":"The line 'the one born from you preserved you unharmed' reflects the post-6th-century Georgian tradition of Mary's perpetual virginity, a doctrine affirmed in Eastern Christian hymnography.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Line of ed.: 1 [სი]ტყუამან","severity":"caution","text":"The bracketed '[სი]' in the edition indicates a textual lacuna or emendation; the original likely read 'სიტყუამან' (word), but the manuscript may be damaged at this point.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'After eight days' could refer to the Circumcision feast (8 days after Christmas) or a general liturgical period; the exact reference is not specified in the text.","The line 'those who were clothed from the immaculate Virgin for the sake of the salvation of the creatures' is syntactically ambiguous in the Georgian, possibly referring to Christ or to humanity."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"scripture","severity":"info","ref":"John 1:14","text":"The English carries the scriptural phrase “the word became flesh”, which matches John 1:14. The match is on the English draft; check the Coptic before quoting the verse."}]},{"i":5,"ref":"p5","source":"იშევ უქცეველად : უზეშთაეს ბუნებათა Line of ed.: 7 დამბადებელ. : ბუნებათაჲ : ცხოვრებისათჳს : ჩუენ მორწმუნეთა შენთა -:- Line of ed.: 8 Ⴎირველი წყევაჲ დაჰჴსნდა : ქალწულო უბიწო : რაჲჟამს უთესლოდ გჳშევ ჩუენ : ორი Line of ed.: 9 ბუნებაჲ და ერთი ღმრთეებაჲ ქრისტეჲ : კიდობანო სიწმიდისაო : ტაკუკო ოქროჲსაო Line of ed.: 10 ბჭეო საღმრთოო : ტაძარო ვრცელო : ჩუენ მორწმუნენი სარწმუნოვებით გევედრებით : Line of ed.: 11 ქრისტეანთა შემწეო : არამედ აწ ნუ დამივიწყებ ჩუენ წინაშე ძისა : შენისა : მოსავთა შენთა -:- Line of ed.: 12 * Ⴑათნო იყავ მჴსნელო : შობაჲ ჴორციელად : საშოჲსაგან უბიწოჲსა დედისა : რაჲთა იჴსნე : Line of ed.: 13 ხატი შენი ადამ : ვითარცა კაცთ მოყუარე ხარ : შენ გიცნობთ ქალწულო : სასოდ Line of ed.: 14 და მეოხად : ყოველნი მორწმუნენი ღ̃თისა დედაო : მეოხ გუეყავ : მოსავთა შენთათჳს : Line of ed.: 15 ცხოვრებად სულთა ჩუენთათჳს -:- დიდი მღდელთმოძღუარი -:- Line of ed.: 16 + * Ⴘენ ღმრთისა სიტყუაო : შობილო მამისაგან : უწინარეს საუკუნეთა : უდედოდ : აღსასრულსა Line of ed.: 17 ჟამთასა : მოსდრიკენ სამყარონი ცათანი : და თანა განზრახვითა : მამისა და სულ[ისა] Line of ed.: 18 [წმი]დითა : გარდამოჴედ ქუეყანად.","english":"You, the Creator of natures, unchanged above the natures, for the life of us, your faithful. The first curse was dissolved, O Immaculate Virgin, when you bore for us without seed two natures and one divinity of Christ, O Ark of Holiness, O golden Casket, O divine Gate, O broad Tabernacle. We, the faithful, beseech you with faith: O Helper of Christians, do not now forget us before your Son, your petitioners. Be a savior, O Redeemer: the incarnation from the womb of the Immaculate Mother, that you might save your image Adam. Since you are a lover of mankind, we know you, O Virgin, as intercessor and mediator. All the faithful of the Mother of God, be our mediator for your petitioners, for the life of our souls. The Great High Priest. You, O Word of God, born of the Father before the ages without a mother, at the end of times you will shake the heavens with the universe, and by the joint will of the Father and the Holy Spirit, you descended to earth.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"იშევ უქცეველად : უზეშთაეს ბუნებათა","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from a direct address to the Creator to a series of epithets for the Virgin Mary, then returns to Christ as the Word of God, reflecting a liturgical alternation between praise of the divine and intercession through the Theotokos.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"კიდობანო სიწმიდისაო","severity":"info","text":"The epithet 'Ark of Holiness' (კიდობანო სიწმიდისაო) draws on Old Testament typology, likening Mary to the Ark of the Covenant as a vessel of divine presence, a common trope in Georgian hymnography.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ხატი შენი ადამ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'your image Adam' (ხატი შენი ადამ) echoes the Genesis creation account (Gen 1:26-27) and the Pauline typology of Christ as the second Adam (Rom 5:14; 1 Cor 15:45), linking incarnation to redemption of the original image.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"დიდი მღდელთმოძღუარი","severity":"info","text":"The rubric 'The Great High Priest' (დიდი მღდელთმოძღუარი) likely marks a liturgical heading or a doxological formula, possibly indicating a change in speaker or a concluding acclamation within the hymn.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"მოსდრიკენ სამყარონი ცათანი","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'you will shake the heavens with the universe' (მოსდრიკენ სამყარონი ცათანი) is textually uncertain; the verb form may be corrupt or reflect an eschatological motif not fully preserved in the manuscript tradition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Georgian text contains several lacunae and uncertain readings, particularly in lines 17-18 where brackets indicate missing characters (e.g., [წმი]დითა). The exact referent of 'the joint will' (თანა განზრახვითა) is ambiguous: it may denote the consensus of the Trinity or a specific conciliar decision.","The phrase 'after eight days' in the previous passage is not directly echoed in this section, leaving its liturgical or narrative function unclear."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":6,"ref":"p6","source":": მოძიებად დრაქმისა : მის ურჩებით წარწყმედულისა : Line of ed.: 19 და ღმერთ-ჰყავ იგი ნაშობითურთ : რაჲჟამს ქალწულისაგან : ჴორციელ იქმენ Line of ed.: 20 მჴსნელო ცხოვრებად სულთა ჩუენთა -:- Line of ed.: 21 Ⴘენ ღრუბლად ნათლისად : საცნაურად ქალწულო : წინაჲსწარმეტყუელმან სახელ Line of ed.: 22 გდვა : რამეთუ., შენ ზედა სიტყუაჲ მამისაჲ : ვითარცა წჳმაჲ გარდამოჴდა : და Line of ed.: 23 შენგან გამობრწყინდა : მზეჲ იგი სამართლისაჲ : სოფელი განანათლა : ქრისტემან ღმერთმან Line of ed.: 24 ჩუენმან : მისა მიმართ ვედრებად ჩუენთჳს : ყოლად წმიდაო ნუ დასცხრები : Line of ed.: 25 რომელნი გევედრებით : და ჭეშმარიტად ღმრთის მშობელად აღგიარებთ შენ -:- Line of ed.: 26 Ⴃაუსაბამომან მამამან გამოუთქუმელმან : უხილავმან და მიუწდომელმან : აღსასრულისა Line of ed.: 27 ჟამთასა : ძიება-ყო წარწყმელთათჳს სახიერებით : და მოავლინა ძეჲ თჳსი მხოლოდ Line of ed.: 28 შობილი თანა დაუსაბამოჲ : ჴორცთა შესხმად უსძლოჲსაგან : ცხოვრებად მომწყდართათჳს : Line of ed.: 29 და შეიმოსა ხატი ადამეანი : მხოლოდ შობილმან ძემან ნებითა სულისა წმიდისაჲთა : Line of ed.: 30 და დაადგრა უცვალებელად უხილავსა : არსებასა : ღმრთეებისასა : ვითარცა შუენის Line of ed.: 31 ღმრთისა დაუსაბამოჲსა : და აღამაღლა სიგლახაკჱ ჩუენი : თანა სწორად სიმდიდრესა : უცვალებელსა","english":"To seek the drachma of him who was destroyed by the disobedient. And God had him with the offspring, when from the Virgin you became incarnate, O Saviour, for the life of our souls. You, as a cloud of light, O Virgin, were signified by the prophet beforehand, for the Word of the Father descended upon you like rain, and from you shone forth the sun of righteousness, which illuminated the world—Christ our God. To him we pray for ourselves, O holy one, do not cease to hear those who beseech you and truly acknowledge you as the Mother of God. The beginningless Father, ineffable, invisible, and incomprehensible, at the end of times made a search for the lost out of goodness, and sent his only-begotten Son, co-eternal with him, to put on flesh from the sinless one for the life of the perished. And the only-begotten Son clothed himself in the form of Adam by the will of the Holy Spirit, and he established himself unchangeably in the invisible essence of divinity, as is fitting for the beginningless God, and he exalted our poverty to be equal with the unchangeable riches.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"დრაქმისა","severity":"info","text":"The term 'drachma' (δραχμή) here refers to a lost coin, echoing the parable of the lost drachma (Luke 15:8–9) and symbolizing the lost human soul sought by God.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"წჳმაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The image of the Word descending like rain upon the Virgin recalls the typology of the Holy Spirit descending as rain in the Old Testament (e.g., Joel 2:23) and is a common patristic metaphor for the Annunciation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"დაუსაბამომან მამამან","severity":"info","text":"The description of the Father as 'beginningless, ineffable, invisible, and incomprehensible' reflects the apophatic theology of the Cappadocian Fathers, foundational in Georgian hymnography.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Line 19–31","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from a direct address to the Virgin (lines 19–25) to a narrative of salvation history (lines 26–31), marked by the introduction of the Father's action.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ჴორციელ იქმენ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'you became incarnate' parallels the Nicene Creed's 'ἐσαρκώθη' and is a standard formula in Georgian liturgical texts for the Incarnation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ღმრთის მშობელად","severity":"info","text":"The title 'Mother of God' (Θεοτόκος) was affirmed at the Council of Ephesus (431) and is central to Georgian Marian hymnography, as seen in Modrekili's corpus.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'მოძიებად დრაქმისა' could be read as either a literal search for a coin or a metaphorical search for a lost soul; the latter is adopted here based on the soteriological context.","The identity of 'მის ურჩებით წარწყმედულისა' ('him who was destroyed by the disobedient') is ambiguous—possibly Adam or humanity in general; the translation assumes a collective reference."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":7,"ref":"p7","source":"Line of ed.: 32 ვითარცა ღმერთ არს -:- დაჰჴსნდეს პირველნი იგი ცთომანი და მწუხარებანი : Line of ed.: 33 რაჲჟამს ქალწულმან მუცლად იღო : და გჳშვა ჩუენ შემოქმედი : ღმერთი Line of ed.: 34 ძლიერი და ჴელმწიფეჲ მთავარი მშჳდობისაჲ : ამისთჳსცა მორწმუნენი : გაბრიელის თანა Line of ed.: 35 ვიტყჳთ : გიხაროდენ უსძლოო : სძალო ღ̃თისა მაღლისაო : გიხაროდენ ღრუბელო : მტჳრთველო Line of ed.: 1 საღმრთოჲსა მის ცუარისაო : გიხაროდენ საწმისო სიწმიდისაო : უბიწოო გიხაროდენ Line of ed.: 2 ბჭეო აღმოსავალისაო : გიხაროდენ შენ კიდობანო შემწყნარებელო საღმრთოჲთა Line of ed.: 3 წერილთაო : გიხაროდენ მშობელო '''''''''' რომელ არს ჩუენთანა ღმერთი Line of ed.: 4 მისა მიმართ მეოხ გვეყავ ჩუენ -:- Line of ed.: 5 * Ⴋოძიებად : წარწყმედულთათჳს გარდამოჰჴვედ : ქრისტეჲ სიტყუაო დაუსაბამოო : დაუსაბამოჲსა Line of ed.: 6 მამისაო : და დაემკჳდრე მუცელსა ქალწულისასა : რომელსა შინა ღმერთ ჰშევ ბუნებაჲ Line of ed.: 7 კაცობრივი : და აღადგინე სახიერ მტერისა ზაკუვითა : დაცემული : პირველად რაჲჟამს : Line of ed.: 8 Ⴈზიარე ბუნებასა : ღმრთეებისა შენისასა : და მამასა წარუდგინე : ამისთჳს სიხარულით Line of ed.: 9 ვადიდებთ : განკაცებასა შენსა მაცხოვარ : რომლითა მიჴსნენ წარწყმედისაგან -:- Line of ed.: 10 Ⴑაიდუმლოდ : მოგასწავებდეს წინაჲსწარვე :","english":"As God is, the former errors and sorrows are dissolved. When the Virgin conceived in her womb and gave birth to our Creator, the mighty God and sovereign prince of peace, therefore we the faithful, together with Gabriel, say: Hail, O Bride of God the Most High; Hail, O Cloud, bearer of the divine light; Hail, O Fleece of purity; Hail, O Immaculate One; Hail, O Gate of the East; Hail, O Ark, receptacle of the divine writings; Hail, O Mother, who is with us God. Be our intercessor before Him.\n\nTo seek: for the lost you descended, O Christ, Word without beginning of the Father without beginning, and you dwelt in the womb of the Virgin, wherein you assumed human nature as God, and you raised up the one fallen through the malice of the enemy. When first you united nature with your divinity and presented it to the Father, therefore with joy we glorify your incarnation, O Saviour, by which we are delivered from perdition.\n\nMysteriously: you were foreshown beforehand.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage divides into two sections: a hymn of praise (lines 32–4) and a narrative of Christ's incarnation and salvific work (lines 5–10), with a concluding doxology.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"drachma","severity":"info","text":"The term 'drachma' in the previous passage is a Greek loanword (δραχμή) used metaphorically for a lost soul or spiritual value, echoing the parable of the lost drachma (Luke 15:8–9).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"Gabriel","severity":"info","text":"The reference to Gabriel and the greeting 'Hail' (Georgian: გიხაროდენ) directly alludes to the Annunciation (Luke 1:26–28), where Gabriel greets Mary.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"cloud of light","severity":"info","text":"The image of Mary as a 'cloud of light' and 'bearer of the divine light' draws on the typology of the Theotokos as a vessel for the divine Logos, common in Byzantine hymnography (e.g., the Akathist Hymn).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"Hail, O Bride of God the Most High","severity":"info","text":"The series of 'Hail' acclamations (Georgian: გიხაროდენ) mirrors the structure of the Akathist Hymn, which was translated into Georgian and widely used in the Georgian liturgical tradition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"line 3","severity":"caution","text":"Line 3 contains a lacuna indicated by six apostrophes (''''''''), where the text is missing; the English draft supplies 'who is with us God' but the Georgian may have had a fuller epithet.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'as God is' (Georgian: ვითარცა ღმერთ არს) is ambiguous: it may mean 'since God exists' or 'as God is (the case)', but the context suggests a causal or concessive sense introducing the dissolution of errors.","The identity of 'the one fallen through the malice of the enemy' is ambiguous: it could refer to Adam, humanity collectively, or a specific biblical figure; the reading taken is a general reference to fallen humanity."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":8,"ref":"p8","source":"წინაჲსწარმეტყუელნი და მამათმთავარნი : უსძლოო + Line of ed.: 11 სძალო : მაცხოვრისაო : რამეთუ საღმრთომან ესაია გიწოდა შენ : ღრუბელად : + Line of ed.: 12 ნათლითა : შემოსილად : და მშობელად : ენმანუველისა ღმრთისა : რომლისა მთავრობაჲ : Line of ed.: 13 უკუნისამდე ჰგიეს : ხოლო დანიელ გიწოდა შენ : ბჭედ საღმრთოდ განუღებელად : Line of ed.: 14 მოსე მაყულად შეუწუველად : რომელსა : გაბრიელ გიღაღადა : ბრწყინვალითა : ჴმითა და Line of ed.: 15 გეტყოდა შენ გიხაროდენ უფალი : შენ თანა -:- მადლი საკჳრ̃ლებათა -:- + Line of ed.: 16 Ⴅითარცა თქუა : პირველ ესაია : საღმრთოჲთა სიბრძნითა : ზეცით მოვიდა სიტყუაჲ ღმრთისაჲ Line of ed.: 17 და იშვა : ქალწულისაგან უბიწოჲსა : ღმერთი ძლიერი და ჴელმწიფეჲ მთავარი Line of ed.: 18 მშჳდობისაჲ : რომელი ქუეყანასა გამოჩნდა : და კაცთა შორის იქცევოდა : ხატითა Line of ed.: 19 მსგავსად კაცთა : იხილვა ჭეშმარიტად : რომელი მოკლებულ არს : არსებითა მამისათანა : Line of ed.: 20 და სულისა ამან განკურნნა ვნებანი ჩუენნი : და თავს ისხნა ცოდვანი რაჲთა Line of ed.: 21 განმამართლნეს : პირველთა მათგან პატიჟთა : ურჩებით მოგებულისა : და დამაგნეს Line of ed.: 22 მამასა : და ღირს მყვნეს პირველსა ნეტარებასა : ვითარცა ღმერთ არს და მრავალთა მოწყალე -:- Line of ed.: 23 Ⴑაიდუმლოჲ შობისა : შენისაჲ :","english":"The prophets and patriarchs, the most valiant of the Savior: for the divine Isaiah called you a cloud, clothed in light, and the parent of Emmanuel, the God whose reign endures unto eternity. And Daniel called you a divine seal, unbreakable. Moses called you an inextinguishable bush, to whom Gabriel cried out with a resplendent voice and said to you: \"Rejoice, O Lord, with you.\" Grace of the sacraments. As first Isaiah said with divine wisdom: the Word of God came down from heaven and was born of the immaculate Virgin, the mighty God and sovereign prince of peace, who appeared on earth and moved among men in the likeness of human form, truly seen, who is not lacking in essence with the Father. And this Spirit healed our afflictions and took upon Himself our sins, so that He might justify us from the former sufferings brought by the disobedient, and led us to the Father, and made us worthy of the first blessedness, as God is and merciful to many. The mystery of your birth.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"წინაჲსწარმეტყუელნი და მამათმთავარნი","severity":"info","text":"The passage opens with a list of prophets and patriarchs (Isaiah, Daniel, Moses) who typologically prefigure the Virgin, a common structural device in Byzantine and Georgian hymnography.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ესაია ... ღრუბელად","severity":"info","text":"Isaiah 19:1 (LXX) speaks of a 'cloud' (νεφέλη) as a divine vehicle; here the Virgin is called a cloud clothed in light, echoing the theophany of Emmanuel.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"დანიელ ... ბჭედ საღმრთოდ","severity":"info","text":"Daniel 9:24-27 refers to a 'seal' (חתם) in prophetic context; the Virgin as an unbreakable divine seal is a typological extension of Daniel's vision.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"მოსე ... მაყულად შეუწუველად","severity":"info","text":"Exodus 3:2-3 describes the burning bush that was not consumed; Moses' bush is here applied to the Virgin as an inextinguishable symbol of divine presence.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"გაბრიელ ... გიღაღადა","severity":"info","text":"Gabriel's cry 'Rejoice' (გიხაროდენ) echoes the Annunciation (Luke 1:28), but here the address 'O Lord' (უფალი) is unusual, possibly a scribal error or a conflation with Christ.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"მადლი საკჳრ̃ლებათა","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Grace of the sacraments' (მადლი საკჳრ̃ლებათა) reflects the liturgical context of Mikael Modrekili's hymnography, likely used in a feast of the Theotokos.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'Rejoice, O Lord, with you' (გიხაროდენ უფალი : შენ თანა) is syntactically ambiguous; it may be a corruption of 'Rejoice, O Lord is with you' or a direct address to the Virgin as 'Lord'.","The line 'Grace of the sacraments' (მადლი საკჳრ̃ლებათა) is a liturgical insertion that may interrupt the prophetic sequence."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":9,"ref":"p9","source":"უაღრეს არს კაცთა : ბუნებისა და სიტყჳსა : რამეთუ ქალწულმან Line of ed.: 24 უთესლოდ მუცლად იღე : სიტყუა ღმრთისაჲ ხარებითა ანგელოზისაჲთა : და Line of ed.: 25 გჳშევ : ჴორცითა უბიწოო : ანგელოზთა შემოქმედი : და შემდგომად შობისა : ქალწულადვე Line of ed.: 26 ჰგიე : ამისთჳსცა ღირსად გადიდებენ : განწყობილნი უჴორცოთანი : და გაქებენ : Line of ed.: 27 ყოველნი მკჳდრნი ქუეყანისანი : ეტლო სიწმიდისაო : ღმრთისა დამტეველო : და მორწმუნეთა Line of ed.: 28 მეოხო : ღმრთის მშობელო ქალწულო : ითხოვე ქრისტესაგან : მონიჭებად მშჳდობაჲ Line of ed.: 29 სოფელსა და სულითა ჩუენთა დიდი წყალობაჲ -:- გხ̃ნ მოწამენო ღთ̃სა -:- + Line of ed.: 30 * Ⴋიიღე ბუნებაჲ ჩუენი : ბუნებით შეუხებელმან : გარე შეუწერელმან ღმერთმან : და განაღმრთე Line of ed.: 31 იგი სახიერებით : რაჲჟამს შეიმოსე კაცებაჲ უცოდველი : და იქმენ : შუვამდგომელ Line of ed.: 32 ორთა მათ ბუნებათა : განუყოფელთა : და შეურევნელთა : რომელნი გაქუნდეს თჳთებითა Line of ed.: 33 თჳსითა : სიტყუაო ღმრთისაო : და განგებულებით გამოიჴსენ : ბუნებაჲ ჩუენი ყოლად ძლიერო [-:-] Line of ed.: 34 Ⴁაგასა შენსა ღმრთის მშობელო : სძალო იწყეს აღსრულებად : წინაჲსწარმეტყუელებისა : + Line of ed.: 35 ღმერთ შემოსილთა მათ მქადაგებელთა : პირველად დავით მამამან შენმან : კიდობნად Line of ed.: 1","english":"Above all men: of nature and of the Word, for the virgin conceived without seed in her womb the Word of God by the annunciation of the angel, and she bore him, incorruptible in flesh, the creator of the angels, and after the birth she remained a virgin. Therefore the incorporeal ones worthily praise you, and all the inhabitants of the earth glorify you. O chariot of purity, O bearer of God, O intercessor for the faithful, O God-bearing virgin, ask of Christ the granting of peace to the world and great mercy to our souls. — Holy martyrs of God. — * He received our nature, he who is by nature untouchable, the God who is beyond description, and he deified it by his goodness, when he put on sinless humanity and became the mediator between those two natures, undivided and unconfused, which remained by their own essence, O Word of God, and by dispensation you redeemed our nature, O almighty one. — In your image, O God-bearing mother, the fulfillment of the prophecy began. — The God-clad proclaimers, first your father David, as an ark...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"უაღრეს არს კაცთა","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from direct address to the Theotokos to a doxological section on the Incarnation, then returns to the Theotokos and introduces the martyrs and David.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"სიტყუაო ღმრთისაო","severity":"info","text":"The Georgian 'სიტყუაო ღმრთისაო' (Word of God) is a key Christological term, here used in a context emphasizing the union of natures without confusion.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ქალწულმან უთესლოდ მუცლად იღე","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'conceived without seed' reflects the doctrine of the perpetual virginity of Mary, a standard theme in Byzantine and Georgian hymnography.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"დავით მამამან შენმან","severity":"info","text":"The reference to David as 'your father' (Mary's) alludes to the genealogy of Christ and the prophecy of the Davidic lineage, echoing Lk 1:27 and OT messianic typology.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"გხ̃ნ მოწამენო ღთ̃სა","severity":"info","text":"The invocation of 'holy martyrs of God' is a standard liturgical insertion, indicating the hymn's use in a context honoring martyrs, possibly within a festal or commemorative service.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"შუვამდგომელ","severity":"caution","text":"The term 'შუვამდგომელ' (mediator) is rare; the reading is uncertain and may reflect a scribal error or a unique theological formulation for the hypostatic union.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'შუვამდგომელ' is ambiguous; it may be a corruption of 'შუამდგომელ' (mediator) or a deliberate neologism. The division between the doxology to the Theotokos and the martyrs is marked by a cross, but the transition is abrupt."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":10,"ref":"p10","source":"გქადაგა შენ საღმრთოდ სიწმიდისა : რამეთუ აღმოსცენდი შენ : ყუავილად ძირთაგან : იესესთა Line of ed.: 2 ესაიაჲს მიერ ქადაგებითა : რომელი ბჭედ ნათლისად : გიხილა ეზეკიელ რომლისაგან : Line of ed.: 3 გამოგჳბრწყინდა ჩუენ მზეჲ იგი სიმართლისაჲ -:-","english":"He preached you as divine from purity: for you ascended as a flower from the roots of Jesse. By the prophecy of Isaiah, who saw you as a gate of light. Ezekiel, from whom the sun of righteousness shone forth for us.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"გქადაგა შენ საღმრთოდ სიწმიდისა","severity":"info","text":"The passage opens with a prophetic announcement formula, linking the Virgin Mary to Old Testament prophecies of Isaiah and Ezekiel.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"იესესთა","severity":"info","text":"The 'roots of Jesse' alludes to Isaiah 11:1, a standard messianic prophecy interpreted in Marian context as foretelling Christ's lineage.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ესაიაჲს მიერ ქადაგებითა","severity":"info","text":"Isaiah's prophecy of the virgin birth (Isaiah 7:14) is referenced, though the Georgian text does not quote directly.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ეზეკიელ","severity":"info","text":"Ezekiel's vision of the closed gate (Ezekiel 44:1-3) is reinterpreted as a type of Mary, the 'gate of light' through which Christ entered the world.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"მზეჲ იგი სიმართლისაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The 'sun of righteousness' is a Christological title, common in Eastern Christian hymnography, equating Christ with the light of justice.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ყუავილად","severity":"info","text":"The image of Mary as a 'flower' from Jesse's root is a standard trope in Georgian hymnography, emphasizing her pure lineage and typological role.","cites":[{"key":"ed:modre","label":"source edition: Mikael Modrekili, Hymnography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/modrekil/modre.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Georgian text is fragmentary; the line breaks in the edition may obscure the original strophic structure. The phrase 'gate of light' is not directly attested in Ezekiel but is a common patristic interpretation."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}