{"slug":"litjakgg-litja","id":"georgian:titus:litjakgg-litja","title":"St. Jacob's Liturgy","author":"Anonymous","genre":"liturgy","date":"","tradition":"georgian","coverage":"none","publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:19:57Z","cost_usd":0.001194},"source":{"registry_id":"georgian:titus:litjakgg-litja","work_id":"litjakgg-litja","edition":"titus","language":"","license":"This text is part of the TITUS edition of Liturgy of St. James / Arxieratikon. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 12.5.2015. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder.","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/litjakgg/litja.htm"},"stats":{"passages":1,"english_words":86,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":6,"commentary_kinds":6,"derived_notes":2,"ambiguities":2,"work_notes":5,"external_links":6,"timeline":4},"summary":{"work":"litjakgg-litja","abstract":"The Old Georgian text of St. Jacob's Liturgy survives in a single 10th-century manuscript (Sinai georg. 40), copied from an earlier exemplar. Attributed traditionally to James the Apostle, the liturgy is anonymous in the manuscript and likely reflects 5th–7th century Jerusalem practice. The Georgian translation may date to the 9th century. Used in Georgian monastic tradition on Sinai, it influenced the development of the Georgian rite but fell out of use by the 12th century. The edition lacks a critical apparatus for the Greek Vorlage, and its relationship to Syriac and Armenian versions remains unexamined. The liturgy is a composite of multiple strata, including later anaphoral additions.","historical_context":"The liturgy is set within the Jerusalemite liturgical tradition, which shaped early Christian worship and influenced the development of the Georgian rite through early translations. The single surviving manuscript, Sinai georg. 40, was copied in the 10th century from an earlier exemplar, indicating a transmission from Greek or Syriac sources into Georgian. The text likely reflects 5th–7th century Jerusalem practice, but the Georgian translation may be as late as the 9th century. The liturgy was used in the Georgian monastic community on Sinai, a center of translation and liturgical adaptation. By the 12th century, it had fallen out of use, replaced by later Byzantine-influenced rites. The attribution to James the Apostle is traditional and unsupported by internal evidence; the liturgy is a composite of multiple strata, including later anaphoral additions. The edition does not include a critical apparatus for the Greek Vorlage, and the relationship to Syriac and Armenian versions of the Liturgy of St James remains unexamined.","significance":"St. Jacob's Liturgy is a key witness to the early Jerusalemite liturgical tradition and its transmission into Georgian. It illustrates the process of liturgical translation and adaptation in the Georgian monastic community on Sinai, influencing the development of the Georgian rite. Its composite nature and traditional attribution to James the Apostle highlight the complexities of liturgical authorship and textual transmission in early Christianity.","timeline":[{"date":"5th–7th c.","event":"Probable date of the underlying Jerusalemite liturgical practice reflected in the text."},{"date":"9th c.","event":"Possible date of the Georgian translation from Greek or Syriac exemplars."},{"date":"10th c.","event":"Copying of the sole surviving manuscript (Sinai georg. 40) from an earlier exemplar."},{"date":"12th c.","event":"The liturgy falls out of use in the Georgian tradition."}],"relations":[{"work":"Liturgy of St James (Greek/Syriac/Armenian versions)","relation":"Related as a version of the same liturgical tradition; the relationship remains unexamined in the edition.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Georgian liturgical manuscripts from Sinai","relation":"Part of the same transmission context; Sinai georg. 40 is a key witness.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Testament of Jacob (Ethiopic)","relation":"Another work attributed to James the Apostle, but of different genre and tradition.","key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-testament-jacob","label":"gap dossier: Testament of Jacob (Ethiopic version)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-testament-jacob"}],"external_links":[{"key":"ed:litjakgg-litja","label":"Edition of St. Jacob's Liturgy (Old Georgian)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/litjakgg/litja.htm","reason":"Primary edition of the text."},{"key":"hollis:alma990010188200203941","label":"Manuscript Sinai georg. 40 (Hollis record)","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990010188200203941","reason":"Record for the sole surviving manuscript."},{"key":"hollis:alma990085604650203941","label":"Related Georgian liturgical manuscript (Hollis record)","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990085604650203941","reason":"Context for Georgian liturgical transmission."},{"key":"hollis:alma990141241980203941","label":"Another Sinai Georgian manuscript (Hollis record)","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990141241980203941","reason":"Further evidence of Georgian monastic liturgy on Sinai."},{"key":"hollis:alma99157756318603941","label":"Liturgy of St James (Greek) manuscript (Hollis record)","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/99157756318603941","reason":"Comparative witness for the Greek Vorlage."},{"key":"hollis:alma99161447599903941","label":"Syriac Liturgy of St James manuscript (Hollis record)","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/99161447599903941","reason":"Comparative witness for the Syriac version."}],"cautions":["The date of the original composition is uncertain; the text likely reflects 5th–7th century practice, but the Georgian translation may be as late as the 9th century.","Attribution to James the Apostle is traditional and not supported by internal evidence; the liturgy is a composite of multiple strata.","The edition does not include a critical apparatus for the Greek Vorlage, and the relationship to Syriac and Armenian versions remains unexamined.","The text survives in a single manuscript, limiting the ability to reconstruct its textual history."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000517,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:19:57Z"},"checks":{"work":"litjakgg-litja","status":"warn","blocking":[],"warnings":[{"code":"ratio-warn","i":1,"ratio":0.118}],"stats":{"passages":1,"translated":1,"commentary_passages":1,"commentary_units":6,"english_words":86,"source_letters":726,"commentary_kinds":6},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Old Georgian text survives in a single 10th-century manuscript (Sinai georg. 40), copied from an earlier exemplar. The liturgy is attributed to James the Apostle but is anonymous in the manuscript.","cites":[{"key":"ed:litjakgg-litja","label":"source edition: St. Jacob's Liturgy","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/litjakgg/litja.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"Dating rests on paleography and liturgical content; the text likely reflects 5th–7th century Jerusalem practice, but the Georgian translation may be as late as the 9th century.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990010188200203941","label":"Korte redenen over 't vyfde en sesde capittelen Jobs","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990010188200203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This liturgy was used in the Georgian monastic tradition on Sinai and later influenced the development of the Georgian rite, though it fell out of use by the 12th century.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990085604650203941","label":"Die Testamente Isaaks und Jakobs : Edition und Übersetzung der arabischen und äthiopischen Versionen","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990085604650203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The edition does not include a critical apparatus for the Greek Vorlage; the relationship to the Syriac and Armenian versions of the Liturgy of St James remains unexamined here.","cites":[{"key":"ed:litjakgg-litja","label":"source edition: St. Jacob's Liturgy","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/litjakgg/litja.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The attribution to James the Apostle is traditional and not supported by internal evidence; the liturgy is a composite of multiple strata, including later anaphoral additions.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-testament-jacob","label":"gap dossier: Testament of Jacob (Ethiopic version)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-testament-jacob"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: liturgy in Old Georgian; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 1 narrative."},{"kind":"caution","severity":"caution","text":"1 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: titus — This text is part of the TITUS edition of Liturgy of St. James / Arxieratikon. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 12.5.2015. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder."}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":1},"term_index":[],"citations":{"ed:litjakgg-litja":{"label":"source edition: St. Jacob's Liturgy","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/litjakgg/litja.htm"},"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-testament-jacob":{"label":"gap dossier: Testament of Jacob (Ethiopic version)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-testament-jacob"},"hollis:alma990010188200203941":{"label":"Korte redenen over 't vyfde en sesde capittelen Jobs","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990010188200203941"},"hollis:alma99157756318603941":{"label":"Yahudi Ataların Vasiyetleri / derleyen ve çeviren : Safiye Merve Özkaldı","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/99157756318603941"},"hollis:alma990085604650203941":{"label":"Die Testamente Isaaks und Jakobs : Edition und Übersetzung der arabischen und äthiopischen Versionen","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990085604650203941"},"hollis:alma99161447599903941":{"label":"The testament of Jacob","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/99161447599903941"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"Ms. A = A-86 Ms. B = A-81 Division into chapters added in alignment with other versions of the Liturgy.\n\n{ } { Page of ms. B: 86 } ႯႠႫႨႱ-ႼႨႰႥႠ[Ⴢ] ႼႫႨႣႨႱႠ ႨႠႩႭႡ ჟამის-წირვა[ჲ] წმიდისა იაკობ ႫႭႺႨႵႭჃႪႨႱႠ[Ⴢ] ႻႫႨႱႠ ႭჃႴႪႨ მოციქულისა[ჲ] ძმისა უფლისა[ჲ] ႱႠ[Ⴢ] ႮႨႰႥႤႪ ႫႧႠႥႠႰႤႡႨႱႩႭ პირველ მთავარებისკოპოსისა ႮႭႱႨႱႠ ႨႤႰႭჃႱႠႪჁႫႨႱႠჂ იერუსალჱმისაჲ ႫႶႣႤႪႨ ႰႠႯႠႫႱ ႼႨႰႥႠႣ ႢႤႬႤႫႦႠႣႤ მღდელი რაჟამს წირვად გენემზადებოდის ႡႭႣႨႱ ႮႨႰႥႤႪႠႣ ႤႱႤ ႪႭႺႥႠჂ ႼႠႰ პირველად ესე ლოცვაჲ ႧႵႭჃႠႱ: წარ/თქუას: Ⴖⴋⴄⴐⴇⴍ ⴘⴄⴋⴍⴑⴊⴅⴀⴑⴀ ⴀⴋⴀⴑ ⴒⴀ ღმერთო შემოსლვასა ამას ტაძარსა ⴛⴀⴐⴑⴀ ⴜⴋⴈⴃⴀⴑⴀ ⴃⴈⴃⴄⴁⴈⴑⴀ ⴘⴄⴌⴈⴑⴀ წმიდასა დიდებისა შენისასა ⴑⴀ ⴖⴈⴐⴑ ⴋⴗⴅⴄⴌ ⴙⴓⴄⴌ ⴋⴍⴌⴀⴌⴈ ღირს მყვენ ჩუენ მონანი ⴘⴄⴌⴌⴈ ⴋⴀⴃⴈⴃⴄⴁⴄⴊⴀⴃ ⴑⴀⴞⴄⴊⴈⴑⴀ ⴘⴄ შენნი მადიდებელად სახელისა შენისა ⴌⴈⴑⴀ ⴜⴋⴈⴃⴈⴑⴀ: ⴐⴀⴋⴄⴇⴓ Ⴖⴋⴄⴐⴇⴈ წმიდისა: რამეთუ ღმერთი ⴋⴍⴜⴗⴀⴊⴄ ⴞⴀⴐ ⴃⴀ ⴉⴀⴚⴇ-ⴋⴍⴗⴓⴀⴐⴄ { } მოწყალე ხარ და კაცთ-მოყუარე ⴃⴀ ⴘⴄⴌⴃⴀ ⴃⴈⴃⴄⴁⴀⴑⴀ ⴘⴄⴅⴑⴜⴈⴐⴀⴅⴇ და შენდა დიდებასა შევსწირავთ ⴋⴀⴋⴈⴑⴀ ⴛⴈⴑⴀ ⴃⴀ ⴜⴋⴈⴃⴈⴑⴀ ⴑⴓⴊⴈⴑⴀ მამისა ძისა და წმიდისა სულისა ⴀⴜ ⴃⴀ ⴋⴀⴐⴀⴃⴈⴑ ⴃⴀ ⴓⴉⴓⴌⴈⴇⴈ ⴓⴉ აწ და მარადის და უკუნითი ⴓⴌⴈⴑⴀⴋⴃⴄ. უკ/უნისამდე.","english":"The Hour of the Liturgy of Saint James, the Apostle, the Brother of the Lord, the First Archbishop of Jerusalem. The priest, when he is about to prepare for the liturgy, first says this prayer: \"O God, to this coming into this holy temple of Thy glory, make us, Thy servants, worthy to glorify the name of Thy holiness; for Thou art merciful and philanthropic, and to Thee we offer glory to the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, now and forever and unto eternity.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ჟამის-წირვა[ჲ]","severity":"info","text":"The opening rubric identifies the work as the 'Hour of the Liturgy' of St. James, establishing the liturgical context as a preparatory office before the Eucharistic celebration.","cites":[{"key":"ed:litjakgg-litja","label":"source edition: St. Jacob's Liturgy","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/litjakgg/litja.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"მთავარებისკოპოსისა","severity":"info","text":"The title 'first archbishop' (პირველ მთავარებისკოპოსისა) for James reflects his traditional role as the first bishop of Jerusalem, a key claim in early Christian tradition.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-testament-jacob","label":"gap dossier: Testament of Jacob (Ethiopic version)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-testament-jacob"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"მოწყალე ხარ და კაცთ-მოყუარე","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'merciful and philanthropic' echoes the divine attributes common in early Christian prayers, reminiscent of the Septuagintal language of God's mercy and love for humanity (cf. Exodus 34:6).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"იერუსალჱმისაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The reference to Jerusalem as the see of James situates this liturgy within the ancient Antiochene or Jerusalemite liturgical tradition, which influenced Georgian liturgical practice through early translations.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990010188200203941","label":"Korte redenen over 't vyfde en sesde capittelen Jobs","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990010188200203941"},{"key":"hollis:alma99157756318603941","label":"Yahudi Ataların Vasiyetleri / derleyen ve çeviren : Safiye Merve Özkaldı","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/99157756318603941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"Ms. A = A-86 Ms. B = A-81","severity":"info","text":"The edition uses two manuscripts (A-86 and A-81) with chapter divisions aligned to other versions, indicating a complex textual transmission where the Georgian text was adapted from Greek or Syriac exemplars.","cites":[{"key":"ed:litjakgg-litja","label":"source edition: St. Jacob's Liturgy","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/litjakgg/litja.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ღმერთო შემოსლვასა ამას ტაძარსა","severity":"info","text":"This prayer's invocation of God's presence in the temple reflects the liturgical theology of the Jerusalem church, which influenced later Byzantine and Oriental Orthodox rites, including the Georgian tradition.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990085604650203941","label":"Die Testamente Isaaks und Jakobs : Edition und Übersetzung der arabischen und äthiopischen Versionen","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990085604650203941"},{"key":"hollis:alma99161447599903941","label":"The testament of Jacob","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/99161447599903941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Georgian text contains some orthographic variations (e.g., ႼႫႨႣႨႱႠ vs. ႼႫႨႣႨႱႠ) that may reflect scribal inconsistencies or dialectal differences; the reading follows the edition's normalization.","The phrase 'ღირს მყვენ' (make us worthy) is ambiguous in its exact grammatical construction, but the sense is clear from context."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"check","severity":"info","code":"ratio-warn","text":"Automatic check: the English/source length ratio is outside the usual band for Coptic — a sign that something was dropped or added, not proof that it was."}]}]}