{"slug":"lekta","id":"armenian:titus:lekta","title":"The Old Armenian Lectionary","author":"Anonymous","genre":"liturgy","date":"","tradition":"armenian","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:59:35Z","cost_usd":0.003093},"source":{"registry_id":"armenian:titus:lekta","work_id":"lekta","edition":"titus","language":"","license":"This text is part of the TITUS edition of Lectionarium Hierosolymitanum armeniace. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 30.11.2024. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder.","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/arm/lektarm/lekta.htm"},"stats":{"passages":6,"english_words":824,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":35,"commentary_kinds":7,"derived_notes":5,"ambiguities":9,"work_notes":5,"external_links":0,"timeline":4},"summary":{"work":"lekta","abstract":"The Old Armenian Lectionary is an anonymous liturgical compilation that preserves a calendar of scriptural readings and psalms for the feasts and memorials of the early Armenian Church. Surviving in a single manuscript tradition with the earliest witness dated to the 5th–6th centuries, the text reflects the liturgical year of Jerusalem in the 4th–5th centuries. It is traditionally attributed to the period after the invention of the Armenian alphabet (c. 405 CE). The lectionary influenced later Armenian liturgical books such as the Tonac‘oyc‘ and the Maštoc‘, and has been used in comparative studies of early Christian liturgy, particularly the Jerusalem rite.","historical_context":"The Old Armenian Lectionary was likely compiled in the 5th–6th centuries in Armenia, shortly after the creation of the Armenian alphabet by Mesrop Mashtots (c. 405 CE). The text is preserved in a single manuscript tradition, with fragmentary copies collated in the TITUS edition. Its contents are closely tied to the liturgical practices of Jerusalem in the 4th–5th centuries, indicating that early Armenian liturgy was heavily influenced by the Jerusalem rite. The lectionary served as a practical guide for the liturgical year, organizing readings and psalms for feasts and memorials. Its transmission is limited, with no critical apparatus or detailed manuscript variants available in the TITUS edition. The work is anonymous, and its precise date and place of origin remain debated among scholars.","significance":"The Old Armenian Lectionary is a crucial witness to the early development of Armenian liturgy and its dependence on the Jerusalem rite. It provides insight into the liturgical calendar and scriptural readings of the 5th–6th centuries, influencing later Armenian liturgical books. Its study aids in understanding the transmission of early Christian liturgical traditions from Jerusalem to the Armenian Church.","timeline":[{"date":"c. 405 CE","event":"Invention of the Armenian alphabet by Mesrop Mashtots"},{"date":"5th–6th centuries","event":"Earliest manuscript witness of the Old Armenian Lectionary"},{"date":"4th–5th centuries","event":"Liturgical year of Jerusalem reflected in the lectionary"},{"date":"Later centuries","event":"Influence on Armenian liturgical books like Tonac‘oyc‘ and Maštoc‘"}],"relations":[{"work":"Tonac‘oyc‘","relation":"Later Armenian liturgical book influenced by this lectionary","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Maštoc‘","relation":"Later Armenian liturgical book influenced by this lectionary","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Jerusalem Lectionary","relation":"Comparative study of early Christian liturgy","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[],"cautions":["The precise date and place of origin remain debated among scholars.","The work is anonymous; no authorial name is attested in the manuscripts.","The TITUS edition lacks a critical apparatus and detailed manuscript variants.","The earliest manuscript witness is dated to the 5th–6th centuries, but this is uncertain."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000374,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:18:39Z"},"checks":{"work":"lekta","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":6,"translated":6,"commentary_passages":6,"commentary_units":35,"english_words":824,"source_letters":2621,"commentary_kinds":7},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Old Armenian Lectionary survives in a single manuscript tradition, with the earliest witness dated to the 5th–6th centuries. Its text is preserved in the TITUS edition, which collates several fragmentary copies.","cites":[{"key":"ed:lekta","label":"source edition: The Old Armenian Lectionary","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/arm/lektarm/lekta.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The lectionary is traditionally attributed to the early Armenian Church, likely compiled after the invention of the Armenian alphabet (c. 405 CE). Its contents reflect the liturgical year of Jerusalem in the 4th–5th centuries.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990003140740203941","label":"Sacramentarium Gelasianum : e codice vaticano reginensi latino 316 vertente anno sacro MCMLXXV iussu Pauli PP. VI","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990003140740203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This lectionary influenced later Armenian liturgical books, such as the Tonac‘oyc‘ and the Maštoc‘. It was also used in comparative studies of early Christian liturgy, particularly in relation to the Jerusalem rite.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:greek-anonymous-old-gloss-nomocanon","label":"gap dossier: The Old Gloss on the Nomocanon in Fourteen Titles","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-anonymous-old-gloss-nomocanon"},{"key":"dossier:latin-anon-missale-gallicanum-vetus","label":"gap dossier: The Old Gallican Missal","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-anon-missale-gallicanum-vetus"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The TITUS edition does not include a critical apparatus or detailed manuscript variants. Readers should consult the original manuscripts for paleographic and codicological details.","cites":[{"key":"ed:lekta","label":"source edition: The Old Armenian Lectionary","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/arm/lektarm/lekta.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The attribution to an anonymous compiler is conventional; no authorial name is attested in the manuscripts. The lectionary’s precise date and place of origin remain debated among scholars.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990007282650203941","label":"The eighth-century Gelasian sacramentary : a study in tradition","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990007282650203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: liturgy in classical Armenian; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 6 narrative."},{"kind":"caution","severity":"caution","text":"4 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note."},{"kind":"scripture","severity":"info","text":"1 scriptural phrase match(es) noted: Psalm 23:1."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: titus — This text is part of the TITUS edition of Lectionarium Hierosolymitanum armeniace. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 30.11.2024. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder."}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":6},"term_index":[],"citations":{"ed:lekta":{"label":"source edition: The Old Armenian Lectionary","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/arm/lektarm/lekta.htm"},"hollis:alma990003140740203941":{"label":"Sacramentarium Gelasianum : e codice vaticano reginensi latino 316 vertente anno sacro MCMLXXV iussu Pauli PP. VI","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990003140740203941"},"dossier:greek-anonymous-old-gloss-nomocanon":{"label":"gap dossier: The Old Gloss on the Nomocanon in Fourteen Titles","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-anonymous-old-gloss-nomocanon"},"dossier:latin-anon-sacramentarium-gelasianum-vetus":{"label":"gap dossier: The Old Gelasian Sacramentary","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-anon-sacramentarium-gelasianum-vetus"},"dossier:latin-anon-missale-gallicanum-vetus":{"label":"gap dossier: The Old Gallican Missal","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-anon-missale-gallicanum-vetus"},"hollis:alma990007282650203941":{"label":"The eighth-century Gelasian sacramentary : a study in tradition","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990007282650203941"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"Line of edition: 1 Յիշատակարան ժողովոցն որք կատարեն յԷ՟մ ի սուրբ ի տեղիսն Ք՟Ի որք ցուցանեն Line of edition: 2 զքանիոնութիւն ամսոյն եւ զաւուրսն ընթերցուածն· եւ զսաղմոսն յանդիման կացուցանէ· Line of edition: 3 զտաւնիցն առանձին· եւ զյիշատակացն։ Բայց եթե կրկին· եւ երեքկին եւս բազում անգամ. Line of edition: 4 զնոյնն կարգեցաք ի գիրս. արդ մի զգիտութեան ոչ համարեսցի զգործն. այ առաւելեալ Line of edition: 5 փութով. զի առանց աշխատութեան կարգի յացնցնիւր տեղւոջն. յանդիմանակայ Line of edition: 6 ժողովոյն. խնդրողն գտանիցէ զընթերցուածն.\n\nLine of edition: 7 Տաւն սրբոյ յայտնութեանն կատարի յունուարի ամսոյ որ Զ՜ է. Եւ Ե՜ ժողովին ի Line of edition: 8 Հովանոցն ի Ժ՜ երրորդ ժամուն. եւ այս կանոն կատարի. Line of edition: 9 Սաղմոս . Ի՜Բ. Ps_22_1 կցուրդ Տ՟Ր հովեցէ զիս. Line of edition: 10 Աղեղուիա . Հ՜Թ. Ps_79_1 Ով հ՟ով [...] Ի՟ղի նայեաց որ արաջնորդ.","english":"Memorial of the assemblies which are held at Epiphany in the holy places of Jerusalem, which show the order of the month and the days of the reading; and it sets forth the psalm before the assembly, separately for the feasts and for the memorials. But if twice, and thrice, and even many times we have set down the same thing in writing, let no one consider the work a matter of ignorance, but rather of additional diligence, so that without labor the order may be found in its own place, before the assembly; the seeker will find the reading.\n\nThe feast of the holy Epiphany is celebrated in the month of January, which is the 6th. And there is an assembly at the Sheep Pool at the 3rd hour. And this canon is performed. Psalm 22: \"The Lord is my shepherd.\" Alleluia. Psalm 79: \"O Shepherd of Israel, give ear.\" The reading which is first.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Յիշատակարան ժողովոցն","severity":"info","text":"The opening phrase 'Memorial of the assemblies' introduces the lectionary as a record of liturgical gatherings, establishing the work's purpose as a calendar of readings and psalms for feasts and memorials.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Յայտնութեանն","severity":"info","text":"The term 'Epiphany' (Yaytnut‘ean) refers to the feast of the Theophany, celebrated on January 6 in the Armenian tradition, as specified in the text.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"Սաղմոս . Ի՜Բ. Ps_22_1","severity":"info","text":"Psalm 22 (21 in Septuagint numbering) is cited: 'The Lord is my shepherd' (Ps 22:1), a standard psalm for Epiphany in early lectionaries.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"Աղեղուիա . Հ՜Թ. Ps_79_1","severity":"info","text":"Psalm 79 (78 in Septuagint) is cited: 'O Shepherd of Israel, give ear' (Ps 79:1), used as an alleluia verse, reinforcing the pastoral theme of Epiphany.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Հովանոցն","severity":"info","text":"The 'Sheep Pool' (Hovanoc‘n) refers to the Pool of Bethesda in Jerusalem, a traditional site for Epiphany vigils, as attested in early Jerusalem liturgy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Ի՟ղի","severity":"caution","text":"The Armenian text at line 10 is corrupt: 'Ի՟ղի' is likely a scribal error for 'Ընթերցուած' (reading) or a numeral; the English draft interprets it as 'the reading which is first', but the exact lemma is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'Ի՟ղի' in line 10 is unclear; it may be a corrupted numeral or a miswritten word for 'reading'.","The text mentions 'if twice, and thrice, and even many times' but does not specify which entries are repeated."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"scripture","severity":"info","ref":"Psalm 23:1","text":"The English carries the scriptural phrase “the lord is my shepherd”, which matches Psalm 23:1. The match is on the English draft; check the Coptic before quoting the verse."}]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"Line of edition: 11 Աւետարան ըստ Ղուկայ Lk_2_8-20 ։ Ա՜։ Եւ հովիւք եին ի տեղւոջն յայնմիկ բացաւթեայք Line of edition: 12 ... (des.) Եւ դարձան հովիւքն փառաւոր առնեին եւ աւրհնեին զԱ՟Ծ վասն ամենայ[...] Line of edition: 13 Gen_1_28-3_20 [.........]կանց ծովու եւ թռչնոց երկնից, եւ ամենայն անասնոց եւ ամենայն երկրի, Line of edition: 14 եւ ամենայն սողնոց որ սողին ի վերայ երկրի ....... (des.) Եւ կոչեաց Ադամ զանուն Line of edition: 15 կնոջ իւրոյ Կեանս, զի նա է մայր ամենայն կենդանացն։\n\nLine of edition: 16 Ընթերցուած ։ Բ՜։ յԻսայայ մարգարէէ Is_7_10-17 ։ Դ՜։ Եւ յաւել Տ՟Ր խաւսել ընդ Line of edition: 17 Աքազու եւ ասէ........ (des.) յորմէ աւրէ եհան Եփրեմ ի Հրէաստան զարքայն Line of edition: 18 Ասորեստանեայց։\n\nLine of edition: 19 Ընթերցուած ։ Գ՜։ յԵլից։ Ex_14_24-15_21 ։ Ե՜։ Եւ եղեւ յառաւաւտին պահու, հայեցաւ Տ՟Ր Line of edition: 20 ի բանակն Եգիպտացւոց ............ (des.) աւրհնեսցուք զՏ՟Ր զի փառաւք փառաւորեալ. Line of edition: 21 զերիւարս եւ զհեծեալս ընկեց ի ծով։","english":"Gospel according to Luke Lk_2_8-20. A!. And the shepherds were in that place in the fields... (des.) And the shepherds returned, glorifying and blessing the Lord for all[...]\n\nGen_1_28-3_20 [.........] of the seas and the birds of the sky, and all the beasts and all the earth, and all the reptiles that creep upon the earth ....... (des.) And Adam called the name of his wife Life, for she is the mother of all the living.\n\nReading: B!. from the prophet Isaiah Is_7_10-17. D!. And the Lord continued speaking with Ahaz and says........ (des.) whence he removed Ephraim from Judea, the king of the Assyrians.\n\nReading: G!. from Exodus. Ex_14_24-15_21. E!. And it was at the morning watch, the Lord looked upon the camp of the Egyptians ............ (des.) let us bless the Lord, for gloriously glorified, the chariots and the horsemen he cast into the sea.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"Lk_2_8-20","severity":"info","text":"The Gospel reading from Luke 2:8-20 covers the shepherds' visitation and the circumcision of Jesus, a standard Epiphany lection.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"Gen_1_28-3_20","severity":"info","text":"The Genesis reading spans the creation of humanity to the naming of Eve, linking the Epiphany theme of new creation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"Is_7_10-17","severity":"info","text":"Isaiah 7:10-17 is a prophetic reading concerning Ahaz and the Assyrian threat, interpreted in Christian tradition as a type of divine intervention.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"Ex_14_24-15_21","severity":"info","text":"Exodus 14:24–15:21 recounts the crossing of the Red Sea and the Song of Moses, a typological prefiguration of baptism and salvation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Ընթերցուած","severity":"info","text":"The Armenian term 'Ընթերցուած' (ënt’erc’uac) marks each reading, with letters (Բ, Գ) indicating the sequence of lessons in the Epiphany vigil.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"des.","severity":"caution","text":"The abbreviation 'des.' (desinit) indicates the manuscript is fragmentary; the full text of each reading is lost, limiting certainty about the lectionary's original scope.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The exact Armenian text of the readings is truncated; the lectionary's original order and completeness remain uncertain."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"Line of edition: 1 Ընթերցուած ։ Դ՜։ ի Միքեէ մարգարէէ Mi_5_1-6 ։ Զ՜։ Եւ դու Բեթղեեմ տուն Եփրատայ Line of edition: 2 սակաւաւոր իցես լինել ի հազարաւորս Յուդա ....... (des.) եւ մի մի. եւ մնասցէ Line of edition: 3 ի մէջ որդւոց մարդկան։\n\nLine of edition: 4 Ընթերցուած ։ Ե՜։ յԱռակաց սկիզբնն Prov_1_2-19 ։ Է՜։ Ճանաչել զիմաստութիւն եւ Line of edition: 5 զխրատ· իմանալ զբանս հանճարոյ ... (des.) զի պսակ շնորհաց ընկալցի զգլուխ Line of edition: 6 քո եւ մանեակ ոսկի ի պարանոցի քում։\n\nLine of edition: 7 Ընթերցուած ։ Զ՜։ յԻսայայ մարգարէէ Is_9_4-6 ։ Ը՜։ Այղ նոքա կամեին եթե հրձիգ լիեալ Line of edition: 8 եին· զի մանուկ ծնաւ մեր ... (des.) նախանձ Տ՟Ն զաւրութեանց առասցէ զայս։\n\nLine of edition: 9 Ընթերցուած ։ Է՜։ յԻսայայ մարգարէէ Is_11_1-9 ։ Թ՜։ Եւ բղխեսցէ գաւազան յարմատոյն Line of edition: 10 յԵսսե .... (des.) զի լցաւ երկիր ամենայն գիտութեամբ Տ՟Ն իբրեւ զջուրս բազումս Line of edition: 11 որ ծածկեն զծովս։","english":"Reading: D. From the prophet Micah Mi_5_1-6. Z. And you, Bethlehem, house of Ephrathah, you are small to be among the thousands of Judah ....... (des.) and one by one. And it shall remain among the sons of men.\n\nReading: E. From the beginning of Proverbs Prov_1_2-19. E. To know wisdom and instruction; to understand the words of intelligence ... (des.) for a crown of graces shall receive your head and a golden necklace on your neck.\n\nReading: Z. From the prophet Isaiah Is_9_4-6. E. For they wished that they were full of envy; for a child was born to us ... (des.) the envy of the Lord of powers shall take this away.\n\nReading: E. From the prophet Isaiah Is_11_1-9. T. And a rod shall sprout from the root of Jesse .... (des.) for the whole earth was filled with knowledge of the Lord like many waters that cover the seas.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Ընթերցուած","severity":"info","text":"Each reading is introduced by the Armenian term 'Ընթերցուած' (reading) followed by a letter (Դ, Ե, Զ, Է) and a biblical source. This pattern is typical of lectionary structure, organizing passages for liturgical use.","cites":[{"key":"ed:lekta","label":"source edition: The Old Armenian Lectionary","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/arm/lektarm/lekta.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"Mi_5_1-6","severity":"info","text":"The first reading cites Micah 5:1-6, which includes the prophecy of Bethlehem as the birthplace of the Messiah. The Armenian text adds 'house of Ephrathah', a gloss identifying Bethlehem with Ephrathah.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"Prov_1_2-19","severity":"info","text":"The second reading from Proverbs 1:2-19 emphasizes wisdom and instruction, with the Armenian text adding a metaphorical crown and necklace, which may reflect a local interpretive tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"Is_9_4-6","severity":"info","text":"The third reading from Isaiah 9:4-6 speaks of envy and a child born, likely interpreted as a messianic prophecy. The Armenian text includes a reference to 'the envy of the Lord of powers' taking away the envy.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"Is_11_1-9","severity":"info","text":"The fourth reading from Isaiah 11:1-9 includes the prophecy of a rod sprouting from the root of Jesse, a clear messianic reference. The Armenian text adds that the earth was filled with knowledge of the Lord like waters covering the seas.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"des.","severity":"info","text":"The abbreviation 'des.' in the Armenian text indicates a descriptive or summarizing passage, likely a rubric or a condensed version of the biblical text, common in lectionaries to save space.","cites":[{"key":"ed:lekta","label":"source edition: The Old Armenian Lectionary","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/arm/lektarm/lekta.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The exact content of the descriptive passages marked 'des.' is not provided, leaving the full biblical text uncertain.","The letters (Դ, Ե, Զ, Է) following each reading may correspond to a numbering system or liturgical order, but their meaning is not explicit."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"Line of edition: 12 Ընթերցուած ։ Ը՜։ յԻսայայ մարգարէէ Is_35_3-8 ։ Ժ՜։ Զաւրացարուք ձեռք լքեալք եւ ծունգք Line of edition: 13 կթուցեալք ... (des.) այղ ցրուեալքն գնասցեն ընդ նա· եւ մի մոլորեսցին։\n\nLine of edition: 14 Ընթերցուած ։ Թ՜։ յԻսայայ մարգարէէ Is_40_10-17 ։ Ժ՜Ա։ Ահաւասիկ Ա՟Ծ մեր· ահաւասիկ Տ՟Ր· Line of edition: 15 Տ՟Ր գայ զաւրութեամբ ... (des.) եւ ամենայն հեթանոսք ոչինչ են, եւ յոչինչ համարեսցան նմա։\n\nLine of edition: 16 Ընթերցուած ։ Ժ՜։ յԻսայայ մարգարէէ Is_42_1-8 ։ Ժ՜Բ։ Յակովբ ծառայ իմ, աւգնական եղէց Line of edition: 17 նմա ... (des.) ես Տ՟Ր Ա՟Ծ այս է անուն իմ։\n\nLine of edition: 18 Ընթերցուած ։ Ժ՜Ա։ ի Դանիեղէ մարգարէէ Dan_3_1-35 ։ Ժ՜Գ։ Յամին ութ եւ տասներորդ ի Նաբուքոդոնոսոր Line of edition: 19 արքայի, արար պատկեր ոսկի .............. (des.) մի բացէ առներ Line of edition: 20 զողորմութիւնս քո մէնջ։ Line of edition: 21 Ms.: J (Ms J.) Ms.: P (Ms P.) Line of edition: 22 Ms.: J Տ՟Ր ցաւղեա զցաւղդ ողորմութեան եւ շիջոյ Ms.: P [...]տեակն Գաբրիէլ եւ ետ ողջ[..ն...] Line of edition: 23 Ms.: J զբոց հրոյն բորբոքեալ զի զքեզ միայն Ms.: P [.....]մու ասէ [..............] Line of edition: 24 Ms.: J ծանիցեն փրկիչ։ Ms.: P Տ՟Ր ընդ քեզ· Ms.: JPE Line of edition:","english":"Reading: E. From the prophet Isaiah Is_35_3-8. Z. Strengthen yourselves, hands abandoned and knees bent ... (des.) those who are scattered shall go with him; and let them not go astray.\n\nReading: F. From the prophet Isaiah Is_40_10-17. ZA. Behold our Lord; behold the Lord ... (des.) and all the nations are nothing, and shall be accounted as nothing before him.\n\nReading: G. From the prophet Isaiah Is_42_1-8. ZB. Jacob my servant, I will be helpful to him ... (des.) I am the Lord God, this is my name.\n\nReading: H. From the prophet Daniel Dan_3_1-35. ZG. In the eighteenth year of King Nebuchadnezzar, he made a golden image ... (des.) do not open the doors of your mercy from us.\n\nMs.: J (Ms J.) Ms.: P (Ms P.)\nMs.: J Lord, anoint your anointing of mercy and of dew. Ms.: P [...] the angel Gabriel and gave heal[th...]\nMs.: J the flame of fire kindled, that only you Ms.: P [...] says [..............]\nMs.: J may know the saviour. Ms.: P The Lord is with you. Ms.: JPE","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"Is_35_3-8","severity":"info","text":"The reading from Isaiah 35:3-8 is cited, but the Armenian text abbreviates the passage with '(des.)', indicating a deliberate omission of verses for liturgical brevity.","cites":[{"key":"ed:lekta","label":"source edition: The Old Armenian Lectionary","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/arm/lektarm/lekta.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"Is_40_10-17","severity":"info","text":"The citation of Isaiah 40:10-17 includes the phrase 'Behold our Lord; behold the Lord', which in the Armenian tradition is often associated with Christological interpretation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:lekta","label":"source edition: The Old Armenian Lectionary","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/arm/lektarm/lekta.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"Is_42_1-8","severity":"info","text":"Isaiah 42:1-8 is cited with the incipit 'Jacob my servant', a phrase that in Armenian liturgical usage may be read as a typological reference to the nation or to Christ.","cites":[{"key":"ed:lekta","label":"source edition: The Old Armenian Lectionary","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/arm/lektarm/lekta.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"Dan_3_1-35","severity":"info","text":"The reading from Daniel 3:1-35 recounts the episode of the golden image in Nebuchadnezzar's eighteenth year, a passage used in Armenian liturgy for its themes of idolatry and divine mercy.","cites":[{"key":"ed:lekta","label":"source edition: The Old Armenian Lectionary","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/arm/lektarm/lekta.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"Ms.: J (Ms J.) Ms.: P (Ms P.)","severity":"info","text":"The manuscript sigla J and P indicate variant textual traditions; the fragmentary lines from Ms. P show lacunae, suggesting a damaged or divergent witness to the lectionary.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990003140740203941","label":"Sacramentarium Gelasianum : e codice vaticano reginensi latino 316 vertente anno sacro MCMLXXV iussu Pauli PP. VI","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990003140740203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"(des.)","severity":"caution","text":"The abbreviation '(des.)' marks omitted text; the exact content of the lacunae in the Armenian and the English draft is uncertain, and the reconstruction of the full readings relies on the biblical source.","cites":[{"key":"ed:lekta","label":"source edition: The Old Armenian Lectionary","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/arm/lektarm/lekta.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The abbreviation '(des.)' obscures which verses are omitted; the exact wording of the fragmentary manuscript readings (Ms. J and Ms. P) is uncertain due to lacunae."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":5,"ref":"p5","source":"1 Dan_3_35-51 Վասն Աբրահամու սիրելոյ քո ..... (des.) Յայնժամ երեքեան նոքա իբրեւ ի միոջէ Line of edition: 2 բերանոյ աւրգնեին գովեին եւ փարաւոր առնեին զԱ՟Ծ ի մէջ հնոցին ասեին։ Line of edition: 3 Հարցն մերոց դու ողորմեցար Line of edition: 4 այց արարեր զմեզ· փրկեցեր։ Line of edition: 5 Dan_3_52-90 Աւրհնեալ ես դու Տ՟Ր Ա՟Ծ հարցն մերոց ...... (des.) Աւրհնեցէք եւ գոհացարուք զի Line of edition: 6 յաւիտեան է ողորմ նորա։\n\nLine of edition: 7 Եւ մինչդեռ զաւրհնութ[...]ն ասեն· այս կանոն կատարի. Սաղմոս . Բ՜. Ps_2_7 կցուրդ. Line of edition: 8 Տ՟Ր ասաց ցիս որդի իմ ես դու եւ ես այսաւր ծնայ զքեզ։\n\nLine of edition: 9 Ի Տիտոսի թղթոյն Պաւղոսի ընթերցուած Tit_2_11-15 ։ Ժ՜Բ. . Ժ՜Դ։ քանզի երեւեցաւ Line of edition: 10 շնորհն Ա՟Յ փրկիչ ամենայն մարդկան ....... (des.) զի մի ոք իցէ որ զքեզ արհամարհսցէ։ Line of edition: 11 Աղէղուիա Սաղմոս ։ Ճ՜Թ։ Ps_109_1 Line of edition: 12 Ms.: J (Ms.J) Ms.: P (Ms.P) Line of edition: 13 Ms.: J Ասաց Տ՟Ր ցՏ՟Ր իմ նիստ ընդ։ Ms.: P Ասաց Տ՟Ր ցՏ՟Ր [..]մ նիստ ընդ աջ։","english":"For the sake of Abraham, your beloved ..... (des.) Then the three of them, as if from one mouth, blessed, praised, and glorified the Lord God in the midst of the furnace, saying: You had mercy on our fathers; you visited us; you saved us. Dan_3_52-90 Blessed are you, Lord God of our fathers ...... (des.) Bless and give thanks, for his mercy is eternal.\n\nAnd while they speak the blessing, this canon is performed. Psalm 2. Ps_2_7 refrain: The Lord said to me, “You are my son; today I have begotten you.”\n\nFrom the Epistle of Paul to Titus, reading Tit_2_11-15. 12. 14. For the grace of the Lord God, the savior of all mankind, has appeared ....... (des.) so that no one may despise you. Alleluia. Psalm 109. Ps_109_1\n\nMs.: J The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit at my right.” Ms.: P The Lord said to my Lord, “[...] sit at the right.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"Dan_3_35-51","severity":"info","text":"The passage conflates Daniel 3:35-51 (LXX versification) with the Song of the Three Young Men, a deuterocanonical addition. The Armenian text follows the Greek Old Greek tradition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:lekta","label":"source edition: The Old Armenian Lectionary","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/arm/lektarm/lekta.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Ա՟Ծ","severity":"info","text":"The nomen sacrum Ա՟Ծ (Tēr Astuac) abbreviates 'Lord God', a standard scribal contraction in Armenian liturgical manuscripts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"կանոն","severity":"info","text":"The rubric 'this canon is performed' (այս կանոն կատարի) indicates a prescribed liturgical action, likely a hymn or chant, accompanying the blessing.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"Ps_2_7","severity":"info","text":"Psalm 2:7 is cited with a refrain that adapts the Masoretic text; the Armenian version reads 'The Lord said to me, You are my son; today I have begotten you,' a Christological interpretation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Tit_2_11-15","severity":"info","text":"The reading from Titus 2:11-15 is a rare pericope in lectionaries; the Armenian text emphasizes grace and salvation, aligning with the baptismal or paschal context of the lectionary.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:greek-anonymous-old-gloss-nomocanon","label":"gap dossier: The Old Gloss on the Nomocanon in Fourteen Titles","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-anonymous-old-gloss-nomocanon"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"Ms.: J / Ms.: P","severity":"caution","text":"The sigla J and P denote manuscript variants; the text of Ps_109_1 differs between them, with J reading 'Sit at my right' and P having a lacuna. This suggests scribal corruption or divergent traditions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The exact liturgical occasion for this passage is unclear; it may belong to a vigil or feast of the Three Young Men.","The refrain 'The Lord said to me' in Ps_2_7 is ambiguous in speaker—whether David or a liturgical persona."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":6,"ref":"p6","source":"Ms.: JPE Line of edition: 14 Աւետարան ըստ Մատթեոսի Mt_2_1-12 ։ Ժ՜Ե։ Եւ ի ծնանելն Յ՟Ի ի Բէթղեեմ Հրեաստանի Line of edition: 15 յաւուրս Հերովդի արքայ ........ (des.) ընդ այղ ճանապարհ գնացին յաշխարհ Line of edition: 16 իւրեանց։","english":"Gospel according to Matthew Mt 2:1-12. 15. And at the birth of Christ in Bethlehem of Judea in the days of King Herod ........ (des.) they went by that road to their own country.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"Mt_2_1-12","severity":"info","text":"The lectionary prescribes Matthew 2:1–12, the visit of the Magi, for this reading. The Armenian text cites the passage by incipit and then abbreviates with (des.).","cites":[{"key":"ed:lekta","label":"source edition: The Old Armenian Lectionary","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/arm/lektarm/lekta.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"Ժ՜Ե","severity":"info","text":"The numeral 15 marks the reading as the fifteenth in a sequence, likely within a liturgical cycle. This structural cue organizes the lectionary’s calendar.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Բէթղեեմ Հրեաստանի","severity":"info","text":"Bethlehem of Judea is the traditional birthplace of Jesus. The mention of King Herod anchors the narrative in the Matthean infancy account, which is unique in its focus on the Magi and the flight to Egypt.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"Gospel according to Matthew","severity":"info","text":"The Armenian lectionary’s use of Matthew 2:1–12 reflects early Christian liturgical practice, paralleled in other ancient lectionaries such as the Gelasian Sacramentary and the Missale Gallicanum Vetus.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:latin-anon-sacramentarium-gelasianum-vetus","label":"gap dossier: The Old Gelasian Sacramentary","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-anon-sacramentarium-gelasianum-vetus"},{"key":"dossier:latin-anon-missale-gallicanum-vetus","label":"gap dossier: The Old Gallican Missal","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-anon-missale-gallicanum-vetus"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"(des.)","severity":"caution","text":"The abbreviation (des.) indicates that the manuscript omits the full biblical text, likely to save space. The exact verses included may vary; the lectionary’s intended scope is uncertain beyond the incipit.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The abbreviation (des.) leaves unclear whether the lectionary intended the full passage Mt 2:1–12 or a shorter excerpt. The phrase 'they went by that road to their own country' may refer to the Magi’s return, but the Armenian text is fragmentary."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]}]}