{"slug":"khazarzar-georges-pisides-de-expeditione-persica","id":null,"title":"khazarzar-georges-pisides-de-expeditione-persica","title_source":"khazarzar-georges-pisides-de-expeditione-persica","author":null,"genre":null,"date":null,"tradition":"greek","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4.1-flash:floor","provider":"Baidu","generated":"2026-11-15T17:36:43Z","cost_usd":0.003442},"source":{"registry_id":null,"work_id":"khazarzar-georges-pisides-de-expeditione-persica","edition":"khazarzar","language":"","license":"Migne PG text (public domain); khazarzar host and the digitising project state no licence for this layer","url":null},"stats":{"passages":31,"english_words":8084,"coptic_letters":0,"source_letters":33001,"commentary_units":0,"commentary_kinds":0,"derived_notes":2,"ambiguities":0,"work_notes":0,"external_links":0,"timeline":0},"summary":{},"links":[],"checks":{"work":"khazarzar-georges-pisides-de-expeditione-persica","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":31,"translated":31,"commentary_passages":0,"commentary_units":0,"english_words":8084,"source_letters":33001,"commentary_kinds":0},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4.1-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Greek; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: Christian literature in ancient Greek; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 31 narrative."},{"kind":"caution","severity":"caution","text":"2 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: khazarzar."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Licence: Migne PG text (public domain); khazarzar host and the digitising project state no licence for this layer"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":31},"term_index":[],"citations":{},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"Εἰς Ἡράκλειον τὸν βασιλέα καὶ εἰς τοὺς Περσικοὺς πολέμους καὶ ὅτε ἐξήρχετο ἀπὸ τῆς Πόλεως Ὦ τὰς ἀΰλους τῶν ἄνω στρατηγίας Τριὰς διευθύνουσα φωσφόρῳ λόγῳ πρὸς ἔμπυρόν τε καὶ πεπηγμένην στάσιν λόγῳ γὰρ αὐτῶν ἐκπυροῦσα τὰς φύσεις ὕλην ἄϋλον δεικνύειν ἐπίστασαιτοὺς οὐρανοὺς πληροῦσα καὶ τὸν αἰθέρα πυροῦσα καὶ σφίγγουσα τὴν οἰκουμένην, καὶ πανταχοῦ παροῦσα μὴ κινουμένη, καὶ μηδαμοῦ χωροῦσα καὶ χωρουμένη ὅπου δέησις ἐκ βάθους ἀνίπταται, δὸς τοῖς ἀμυδροῖς τῶν λογισμῶν ὀργάνοις σάλπιγγος ἦχον καὶ λαλοῦσαν ἀσπίδα. δίδαξον ἡμᾶς εὔστοχον κινεῖν ξίφος, γλῶσσαν κατ' ἐχθρῶν, ὅπλον ἠκονημένον· ἴθυνον ἡμᾶς ἔνθα τῆς ἐξουσίας τῆς σῆς ἔνεστι συγγράφειν τὰ θαύματα. σῷ γὰρ πεποιθὼς ὁ βασιλεὺς προστάγματι πρὸς τοὺς ἀγῶνας τῶν ἀθέσμων βαρβάρων ἑαυτὸν ἀντέταξεν, οἷς τὰ κτίσματα ὑπὲρ σὲ τὸν κτίσαντα προσκυνεῖν νόμος· οἷς γνήσιον μὲν ἀντέχεσθαι τῶν νόθων, νόθον δὲ πάντῃ προσβαλεῖν τοῖς γνησίοις· παρ' οἷς θεός τις ἀφρόνως νομίζεται ἔνοπλος ἵππος προσκυνούμενος μάτην, ὃς εἰς ἔλεγχον τοῦ πλάνου σεβάσματος νῦν προσκυνεῖται καὶ πάλιν μαστίζεται. ὦ καρδίας σύμπτωσις ἠθλιωμένη· πῶς τῷ παρ' αὐτῶν δυσσεβῶς τιμωμένῳ τιμὴν ὁμοῦ νέμουσι καὶ τιμωρίαν; καὶ τῆς μὲν οὐ μετέσχε προσκυνούμενος, τῇ δὲ προσαλγεῖ πυκνὰ μαστιγούμενος. ὕδωρ δὲ καὶ πῦρ, τὰς ἐναντίας φύσεις, θεοὺς παρεισάγουσιν ἀλληλοφθόρους, λύσιν σέβοντες πραγμάτων ἐναντίων. ἀλλ', ὦ στρατηγὲ τῶν σοφῶν βουλευμάτων, μετ' εὐμενείας τοὺς ἐμοὺς δέχου λόγους· ἐλεύθεροι γάρ εἰσιν ἐκ θωπευμάτων, ἐκ σοῦ μαθόντες μὴ λαλεῖν ὑποκρίσεις.","english":"To the emperor Heraclius, and on the Persian Wars, and when he set out from the City. O Trinity, directing the immaterial hosts on high with light-bearing word toward a fiery and fixed station—for by your word, setting their natures aflame, you know how to show matter immaterial, filling the heavens and firing the ether and binding the inhabited world together, present everywhere yet not moving, contained nowhere yet containing all—where prayer flies up from the depths, grant to the dim instruments of our thoughts the sound of a trumpet and a speaking shield. Teach us to wield the sword with sure aim, the tongue against enemies, a sharpened weapon. Direct us where it is possible to write down the wonders of your authority. For the emperor, trusting in your command, has set himself against the struggles of the lawless barbarians, to whom it is a law to worship created things instead of you the Creator; to whom it belongs to cling to genuine things rather than bastard, and to assail bastard things in every way alongside the genuine; among whom some god is foolishly thought to be an armed horse, worshipped in vain, which now, to the refutation of their erring worship, is worshipped and again is whipped. O wretched collapse of a heart! How do they assign both honor and punishment together to what they impiously honor? And of the one he did not partake while being worshipped, but he grieves at the other, being whipped repeatedly. And water and fire, the opposing natures, they introduce as gods that destroy one another, revering the dissolution of contrary things. But, O commander of wise counsels, receive my words with kindness; for they are free from flattery, having learned from you not to speak hypocrisies.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"ὡς οὖν ἀληθὴς τῶν ἀληθῶν πραγμάτων κριτὴς φάνηθι τῆσδε τῆς στρατηγίας· γενοῦ δικαστὴς Κελτικοῦ Ῥήνου πλέον οἶμαι γὰρ οὐδὲν ἐξελέγξεις ὡς νόθον, γενοῦ δικαστής· ἀλλὰ συγγνώμην δίδου, ἐφ' οἷς δι' ἡμῶν ζημίαν ὑφίστασαι· τῶν γὰρ λογισμῶν τῶν ἐν ἡμῖν οἱ τόνοι ἐξασθενοῦσιν ἱστορεῖν σου τῶν πόνων τὰς ποικίλας γνώμας τε καὶ διαιρέσεις, καὶ τὴν διὰ πάντων ψυχικὴν εὐτολμίαν, ἣν τοῖς ἀγῶσιν εὐθέτως συνήρμοσας τὸν νοῦν πλατύνας ἐν στενώσει πραγμάτων. εἰ τὰς ἐπ' ἄκρον ἠρμένας εὐεξίας ἐσφαλμένας λέγουσιν οὐκ ἀπεικότως, κείσθω τὸ λοιπὸν ἐν κακοῖς τὰ Περσίδος, ἀντιστρόφως δὲ τῶν καθ' ἡμᾶς πραγμάτων τὰ δυσχερῆ τραπεῖεν εἰς εὐεξίαν· ἀεὶ γὰρ ἡ ῥέουσα τοῦ βίου χύσις ἀντιστροφάς τε καὶ μεταπτώσεις φέρει, ὅπως τὸ πάγιον πανταχοῦ σεσωσμένον μόνῳ φυλαχθῇ τῷ Θεῷ τῶν κτισμάτων. πάντας διατρέχουσιν οἱ ταχεῖς λόγοι τῇ λεπτότητι ζωγραφοῦντες τὰς φύσεις· ὅταν δὲ πειραθῶσι τοῦ πρὸς σὲ δρόμου, πόθῳ τρέχουσι καὶ βραδύνουσιν φόβῳ· καὶ πολλάκις σὲ ζωγραφήσαντες πάλιν γράφουσι, μὴ γράφοντες ἠκριβωμένως. Ὅμηρος, ὃν λέγουσι πηγὴν τῶν λόγων τὰς γὰρ λάλους ἐκεῖνος εὐρύνει φλέβας, καὶ τοὺς λογισμοὺς τῆς νεαζούσης φρενὸς βλύζων ἐπάρδει καὶ ποτίζων ἐκτρέφει, μένει τε πλήρης πολλάκις κενούμενος, τὰς αὐταδέλφους γοῦν ἀρετὰς καὶ συντρόφους διττοῖς μερίζει τῶν λόγων πονήμασι· πλὴν ἐξ ἀνάγκης· οὐ γὰρ ἥψατο χρόνου δείξαντος ἀνδρίας τε καὶ φρονήσεως καὶ τῶν σὺν αὐταῖς κοινὸν οἰκητήριον.","english":"Show yourself, then, as a true judge of true deeds for this campaign; be a judge of the Celtic Rhine—for I think you will prove nothing to be counterfeit—be a judge; but grant forgiveness for the losses you sustain through us; for the intensities of the reasonings within us grow weak to recount the varied purposes and divisions of your labors, and the courage of soul shown through all things, which you fitted rightly to the struggles, broadening your mind in the narrowness of circumstances. If they say that the excellences raised to the highest pitch have been brought low, not unreasonably, then let the affairs of Persia lie henceforth among misfortunes, and conversely let the difficulties of our own affairs be turned into prosperity; for the ever-flowing outpouring of life brings reversals and changes, so that the steadfastness preserved everywhere may be kept by God alone among created things. Swift words run through all things, painting natures with their fineness; but when they have attempted the course toward you, they run with longing and linger with fear; and often, having painted you, they paint again, not painting with exactness. Homer, whom they call the fountain of words—for he widens the talkative veins, and gushing forth he bedews and watering nourishes the thoughts of the youthful mind, and remains full though often emptied—at any rate he divides the virtues, sisters and fostered together, into two sets of word-labors; yet of necessity; for he did not touch the time that showed manliness and prudence and the common dwelling-place of those with them.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"ἀλλ' εἴπερ ηὐπόρησε τῆς σῆς εἰκόνος καὶ τὴν τελείαν εὗρεν, ὡς ἔδει, φύσιν, ἀφεὶς τὰ πολλὰ τῶν λόγων μυθεύματα, τὴν ψυχικὴν μόρφωσιν, ἣν ἔχεις, ὅλοις προσθεὶς ἐδείκνυ τῶν ἀρετῶν συνημμένων μίαν δι' ὑμῶν τετράμορφον εἰκόνα. εἰ Νέστορος γὰρ συλλαλοῦντος ἡδέως ἔργοις μελιττῶν ἐξομοιοῖ τὸ στόμα, πῶς οὐ πρὸς ἄκρον ἦλθε θαύματος βλέπων ἄϋλον ἐν σοὶ τῶν φρενῶν μελουργίαν ἐν τῷ γλυκασμῷ; τὸν\n\nγὰρ ἰὸν οὐκ ἔχεις· σὺ παντὸς ἄνθους ἐκλέγεις τὸ χρήσιμον εἰς πάντα καιρόν, οὐ γὰρ εἰς ἔαρ μόνον. σὺ κέντρον, ὡς μέλιττα, τοὺς νόμους ἔχεις, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀναιρεῖς, οὐδὲ πλήττεις εἰς βάθος. εἴ που γὰρ εὕροις ἄξιον πληγῆς μέλος, τοὺς μὲν νόμους, ὡς κέντρον, ἁπλοῖς πρὸς φόβον, φείδῃ δὲ πάντως· καὶ τὸ κέντρον πολλάκις πλῆξαι προπηδᾷ καὶ πάλιν συστέλλεται, τὸ δραστικὸν δὲ συμπαθεῖ κρατούμενον ἔμεινεν ἀργόν· κἂν γὰρ ὀξεῖαν ῥοπὴν ἔχῃ, δι' ὑμῶν εὐσεβῶς ἀμβλύνεται, καὶ λοιπόν, ὥσπερ ἐκ φιλανθρώπου πάθους, στάζει τὸ κέντρον ἀντὶ πικρίας μέλι. ἀλλ' ἐν παρεκβάσει με τοῦ προκειμένου ἡ τῶν καλῶν σου τερπνότης ἀπήγαγεν· ὅθεν πρὸς αὐτὰς τοῦ λόγου τὰς αὔλακας πάλιν γεωργῶν εἰσάγω τὰ σπέρματα. ἡ νὺξ μὲν ἡ μέλαινα τῶν ἐναντίων εἰς πᾶσαν ἐξήπλωτο τὴν οἰκουμένην· κόρος γὰρ οὐκ ἦν Περσικῆς ἀπληστίας, ἀλλ' ἐξέτεινον τὰς ὀρέξεις εἰς φόνους. πλὴν εἰς ἀφεγγῆ καὶ τοσαύτην ἑσπέραν πρὸς ὕπνον αὐτὸς οὐδαμῶς μετετράπης· τῶν γὰρ δι' ἡμᾶς φροντίδων ἡ πυκνότης ἐκ σοῦ τὸν ὕπνον εἰκότως ἀπέστρεφε.","english":"But if indeed he has had access to your image and found its perfect nature, as was fitting, setting aside the many fables of words, he added the soul's formation, which you possess, to the whole and showed forth a single four-formed image of the virtues joined together through you. For if he likens Nestor's mouth, conversing sweetly, to the works of bees, how did he not come to the height of wonder, seeing in you the immaterial melody-making of the mind in its sweetness? For you have no venom; you gather the useful part of every flower for every season, not for spring alone. Like a bee, you have the laws as a sting, but you do not destroy, nor do you strike to the depth. For if ever you find a member worthy of a blow, you use the laws as a sting, simply for fear, but you always spare; and the sting often leaps forward to strike and is drawn back again, and its effectiveness, overcome by sympathy, remains idle; for even if it has a sharp impulse, through you it is piously blunted, and thereafter, as if from a humane feeling, the sting drips honey instead of bitterness. But in a digression the delightfulness of your good qualities has led me away from the subject; therefore, plowing again the very furrows of the account, I bring in the seeds. The black night of the enemy had been spread out over the whole inhabited world; for there was no satiety to Persian greed, but they stretched out their appetites to murders. Yet into such a lightless and great evening you yourself were in no way turned to sleep; for the density of the cares on our behalf reasonably turned sleep away from you.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"πολλοὶ δὲ βουλὰς καὶ στρατηγίας νόμους αὐτοὶ καθ' αὑτοὺς ζωγραφοῦντες ἠρέμα ἔφασκον ὡς χρὴ τοῦ βασιλέως τὸ κράτος ἐν ταῖς ἀνάγκαις τῆς μάχης παρεστάναι· ἄλλοι δὲ τούτοις, ὥσπερ ἐκ τοὐναντίου, ἀντεστρατήγουν δυσμαχοῦντες ἐν λόγοις, ἐπισφαλὲς λέγοντες εἶναι τὸ κράτος πρὸς τὰς ἑτοίμους ἐμβαλεῖν περιστάσεις· τινὲς δὲ καὶ σύγκρασιν ἐξ ἀμφοῖν μίαν ἐν ταῖς ἑαυτῶν ἐκτυποῦντες καρδίαις σοφιστικῶς ἔφραζον, ὥστε καὶ μένειν καὶ ταῖς μερίμναις τοῖς ἀγῶσι συντρέχειν. ἀλλ' ἦν τὰ κοινὰ τῶν λόγων ἀναίτια· οὐ γὰρ πονηρὸν εἶχον αἱ γνῶμαι τρόπον. σὺ δέ, στρατηγέκαὶ γὰρ ἦσθα τῶν ὅλωνκαὶ ταῦτα μᾶλλον αὐτὸς ἠκριβωμένος, πᾶσιν δεδωκὼς τοῦ λαλεῖν ἐξουσίαν, Θεὸν δικαστὴν τῶν ἀδήλων εἰργάσω. ὅπου δὲ πίστις παρθένος προέρχεται, λευκὴν ἐκεῖθεν ἐλπίδα στολίζεται. ἑορτάσας δὲ τὴν μεγίστην ἡμέραν ἐν ᾗ τὸ κοινὸν ἐξανέστη τοῦ γένους εἰς ἔνθεόν τε καὶ νέαν ἀνάπλασιν, εὐθὺς μετ' αὐτὴν εἰκονίζων Μωσέα καταστρατηγεῖς τοῦ Φαραὼ τοῦ δευτέρου, εἰ δεύτερόν τις οὐχ ἁμαρτήσοι λέγων τὸν ὡς ἀληθῶς πρῶτον εἰς ἁμαρτίαν.","english":"Many, sketching plans and generalship's rules on their own, said quietly that the king's power ought to be present in the necessities of battle; others, as if from the opposite side, countered these in words, saying it was precarious to throw power into ready-made crises; and some, fashioning in their own hearts a single blend from both, declared it sophistically, so as both to remain and to run along with the cares and struggles. But the common talk was without cause; for their opinions had no base manner. And you, general—for you were over all things—and having yourself examined these matters more closely, having given everyone the freedom to speak, you made God the judge of hidden things. And where faith comes forth as a virgin, from there white hope is arrayed. And having celebrated the greatest day, on which the common race of mankind rose up into a divinely inspired and new remolding, immediately after it, imaging Moses, you out-generaled the second Pharaoh—if one would not err in calling second the one who is truly first in sin.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":5,"ref":"p5","source":"λαβὼν δὲ τὴν θείαν τε καὶ σεβάσμιον μορφὴν ἐκείνην τῆς γραφῆς τῆς ἀγράφου, ἣν χεῖρες οὐκ ἔγραψανἀλλ' ἐν εἰκόνι ὁ πάντα μορφῶν καὶ διαπλάττων Λόγος ἄνευ γραφῆς μόρφωσιν, ὡς ἄνευ σπορᾶς κύησιν αὐτός, ὡς ἐπίσταται, φέρει· ἐχρῆν γὰρ αὐτόν, ὡς τότε σπορᾶς δίχα, οὕτω τυποῦσθαι καὶ πάλιν γραφῆς ἄνευ, ὅπως δι' ἀμφοῖν τοῦ Λόγου μορφουμένου μένοι τὸ πιστὸν τῆς ἐνανθρωπήσεως, τῶν Φαντασιαστῶν ἐξελέγχον τὴν πλάνην, τούτῳ πεποιθὼς τῷ θεογράφῳ τύπῳ, θείαν ἀπαρχὴν τῶν ἀγώνων εἰργάσω. ἔδει γὰρ ὑμῶν τὸν συνήγορον Λόγον πάντως παρεῖναι τῆς δίκης κινουμένης. τῇ δευτέρᾳ δὲ τῆς ἑορτῆς ἡμέρᾳ σεαυτὸν εὐθὺς ἐμβαλὼν ταῖς ὁλκάσι τὸν ὑγρὸν ἐξέτεμνες εὐτόνως πόρον, καὶ δὴ παρέπλεις εὐθὺς Ἡραίας τόπους· οὕτω γὰρ αὐτὴν ὠνόμαζον ἐκ πλάνης τῆς πρὶν κρατούσης διαδοχὴν δεδεγμένοι, ἕως ἔτρεψας, εὐσεβῶς μεθαρμόσας, τὸ τῆς πλάνης ἄδοξον εἰς εὐδοξίαν. τρέμω δὲ τούτων μνημονεύσας τῶν τόπων σιγῇ παρελθεῖν ἣν ἐν αὐτοῖς εἰργάσω ἔναγχος εὐσέβειαν· ἔσται γὰρ τάχα καὶ τοῖς μεθ' ἡμᾶς ἡ σιωπὴ ζημία. ἀλλ' ἐν παρεκβάσει με τοῦ σκοποῦ πάλιν δραμεῖν θέλοντα τὸν βιωφελῆ δρόμον μή τις παρέργως τοῦ λόγου τὸν ἱππέα σπεύσοι κατασχεῖν ταῖς ἀφώνοις ἡνίαις. ἦν μὲν νότου πνεύσαντος εἰς τοὐναντίον παλινδρομοῦντα συντόνως τὰ ῥεύματα, καὶ νὺξ ἀφεγγὴς καὶ βράσαντα κύματα διπλῆν ἀνάγκην τῆς ζάλης εἰργάζετο. σὺ δέ, κράτιστε, τὴν ἄϋπνον ἑσπέραν εἰθισμένως ἔτεμνες, εἴπερ ἑσπέραν καλεῖν προσήκει τὴν δι' ὑμῶν ἡμέραν. φωνὴ δ' ἄπωθεν ὀξέων θρηνημάτων τὰς σὰς κατεβρόντησεν εὐσεβεῖς φρένας·","english":"Taking that divine and venerable form of the unwritten writing, which hands did not write, but which the Word who forms and fashions all things produced in an image without writing—a formation, as he himself knows, like conception without seed—for it was fitting that he be shaped again without writing, just as then without seed, so that through both, the Word being formed, the faithfulness of the incarnation might remain, refuting the error of the Phantasiasts. Trusting in this God-written type, you made a divine first-fruit of your contests. For it was necessary that the Word, your advocate, be present altogether when the case was set in motion. On the second day of the festival, casting yourself straightway into the transports, you vigorously cut through the watery passage, and at once you sailed past the places of Heraia; for thus they named it, having received the name by tradition from the error that formerly prevailed, until you turned it about, piously reforming the disrepute of the error into good repute. But I tremble, when I remember these places, to pass over in silence the piety you recently wrought in them; for perhaps silence will be a loss even to those after us. But as I wish to run back in a digression from my aim, pursuing the course profitable to life, let no one hastily seek to check the rider of my discourse with voiceless reins. When the south wind blew, the currents ran swiftly back in the opposite direction, and a lightless night and roaring waves produced a double constraint of storm. But you, most mighty one, as was your custom, cut through the sleepless evening—if indeed it is fitting to call that evening which is day through you. A voice from afar, with sharp laments, thundered against your pious heart.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":6,"ref":"p6","source":"ἐκ κυμάτων γὰρ δυστυχῶς ὠθουμένη ὁλκὰς προσεσκίρτησε πετραίῳ πάγῳ, πολλὴ δὲ παφλάζουσα ῥευμάτων βοὴ τὸν ἦχον ὑψώσασα ταῖς πέτραις ὅλον ἔξω τὸν ἀφρὸν ἀγρίως ἀνέπτυε, καὶ προσραγέντα τοῖς λίθοις τὰ κύματα ἐκ τῶν βιαίων ὥσπερ ἀντικρουσμάτων σπινθῆρας ἐξέπεμπον ὑγρᾶς οὐσίας·\n\nκαὶ πρὸς τοσαύτην ἦλθον οἱ πλῶται βίαν ὡς μηδὲν εἶναι τῶν νεκρουμένων πλέον· νεκροὺς γὰρ αὐτοὺς ἐν βραχεῖ τεθαμμένους ἐσχημάτιζε τῆς ἀνάγκης ὁ τρόπος. ἀλλ' εὐθὺς ἐλπὶς καὶ παρ' ἐλπίδα φθάσας ἔλαμψας αὐτοῖς ἐν θαλάττῃ φωσφόρος, τὸ φῶς προδεικνὺς ἡλίου γλυκὺ πλέον· ὁ μὲν γὰρ οἶδεν ἐκπυροῦν τὰ σώματα, σὺ δὲ δροσίζεις εὐσεβῶς τὰς καρδίας. καὶ δὴ πρὸς αὐτὴν ἐκδραμὼν τὴν ὁλκάδα, κάμνων ἐφείλκου πάντας εἰς προθυμίαν ἐρυθριῶντας δεσπότου πονουμένου ἐν τῇ τοσαύτῃ τῶν καλῶν αὐτουργίᾳ. καὶ τῶν ταχυδρόμων γὰρ εὐθὺς ὁλκάδων τὸ πλῆθος εἰς ἓν εὐτόνως συνέτρεχε, καὶ πᾶς ἐν ὅπλοις ἐστρατευμένος τότε ῥίψας τὸ τόξον καὶ παρεὶς τὴν ἀσπίδα πρὸς τὰς ἐνύγρους συμπλοκὰς ὡπλίζετο. καὐτοὺς δὲ τοὺς τεμόντας εὐνοίας λόγῳ τῶν τεκνοποιῶν ὀργάνων τὰ σπέρματα εἰς ταὐτὸ συντρέχοντας ἦν ὁρᾶν τότε τμηθέντας οὐδὲν τὴν φύσιν τὴν ἄρρενα. οὕτως ἕκαστος συμμετασχεῖν ἐκ μέρους τῶν σῶν ἱδρώτων ἡδέως ἠπείγετο· ὅμως ἅπαντες σοὶ προσῆγον τὴν χάριν· ὑμῖν δὲ πᾶν τὸ πραχθὲν ἐσπουδάζετο, ὅπως ὁ πάντων μισθὸς εἰς τὴν αἰτίαν καὶ τὴν ἀφορμὴν συνδράμοι τοῦ πράγματος.","english":"For, pushed miserably by the waves, the ship leapt against a rocky crag, and a great surging roar of streams, raising its sound against the rocks, wildly spewed out all the foam, and the waves, dashing against the stones, sent forth sparks of watery substance as if from violent collisions.\n\nAnd the sailors came to such great violence that they were no more than the dead; for the manner of their necessity made them in a short time like men buried. But immediately hope, arriving beyond hope, shone upon them in the sea as a light-bringer, displaying light sweeter than the sun; for the sun knows how to scorch bodies, but you piously refresh hearts. And indeed, rushing out to the ship itself, though weary, you drew them all on to eagerness, blushing as their master labored in so great a work of good deeds. And immediately the multitude of swift ships ran together vigorously into one, and everyone then enlisted under arms, throwing down his bow and setting aside his shield, armed himself for the watery combats. And one could see then those very men who, for the sake of goodwill, had cut the seeds of the child-making organs, running together to the same place, having cut nothing from their male nature. Thus each gladly hastened to share in part in your labors; nevertheless all brought the thanks to you; but for you all that was done was earnestly pursued, so that the reward of all might run together to the cause and occasion of the deed.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":7,"ref":"p7","source":"οἱ μὲν γὰρ ὤθουν ἐκ θαλαττίων λίθων ῥιζωθὲν ὥσπερ ἐξ ἀνάγκης τὸ σκάφος, οἱ ναυτικοὶ δὲ τοῖς ἀποσχοίνοις τόνοις λαβόντες εἷλκον, ὡς ἐνῆν, τὴν ὁλκάδα, ἕως κατισχύσαντες εἵλκυσαν μόλις τὴν ναῦν πεσοῦσαν ἐν σαγήνῃ τῶν λίθων.\n\nὦ συμπαθὲς φρόνημα καὶ ψυχῆς τόνος καὶ φροντὶς ἀρκέσασα τοῖς ὅλοις μία· πάλιν μεριμνᾷς καὶ πάλιν κατὰ ζάλης μάχην συνάπτεις· οὐδὲ γὰρ θαλαττίας κίνδυνος ὁρμῆς, οὐδὲ τῆς γῆς ἡ ζάλη τῇ σῇ παρέσχεν ἐγκοπὴν προθυμίᾳ· ἀλλ' ὡς σοφός τις ἐν κυβερνήσει ζάλης χειμῶνος αὔρας ἠγριωμένας βλέπων τότε πλέον δείκνυσι τὴν εὐτεχνίαν, καὶ τῷ λογισμῷ τὰς τρικυμίας φθάσας τέμνει τὸ ῥεῦμα τῆς ζάλης ἀνατρέχων κενοῖ τε πυκνῶς τὴν βίαν τοῦ πνεύματος, οὕτω κρατήσας τοῦ βίου τοὺς αὐχένας, χειμῶνος ὄντος καὶ ταραχῆς τῶν πραγμάτων, φθάνων ἑκάστην συμφορῶν τρικυμίαν πῇ μὲν διατέμνεις, πῇ δὲ τὴν βίαν κενοῖς, πῇ δὲ πρὸς ὕψος εὐσεβῶς ἀνατρέχων γῆς καὶ θαλάττης τὸν σάλον κατέσβεσας. ἰδὼν δὲ ταῦτα καὶ στενάξας ὁ Φθόνος πολλὴν γὰρ ἔγνω ζημίαν πεπονθέναιβλέπων τοσούτους ἐν βραχεῖ σεσωσμένους, πλήττει τὸν ἄκρον τοῦ ποδός σου δάκτυλον, ἑαυτόν, ὡς ἔοικε, μορφώσας λίθῳ· θερμὴ δ' ἀνηκόντιζεν αἵματος χύσις βάπτουσα τὴν γῆν καὶ καλοῦσα μάρτυρα· ἐχρῆν γὰρ ὑμῖν εἰς ἀμείωτον χάριν τῆς εὐσεβείας προσμένειν τὰ στίγματα. ἀλλ' ὡς ἐκεῖνο τῆς ἀνάγκης τὸ σκάφος καὶ τῶν τοσούτων κυμάτων ἀφήρπασας, τὴν κοσμικὴν ἅπασαν οὕτως ὁλκάδα σώζοι δι' ὑμῶν μέχρι παντὸς ἐκ ζάλης ὁ πανταχοῦ σκέπων σε τοῦ Θεοῦ Λόγος. Δημόσθενες, πρόελθε σὺν παρρησίᾳ· λόγοι κρατοῦσι· μὴ ταράττου νῦν φόβῳ·","english":"For some pushed the ship, rooted as if by necessity in the sea rocks, while the sailors, taking hold of the hawsers' tension, dragged the merchantman as best they could, until prevailing by force they barely hauled the ship, which had fallen into a net of rocks.\n\nO sympathetic spirit and tension of the soul and single care that sufficed for everything: again you take thought, and again you join battle against the surge; for neither did the danger of the sea's onset nor the surge of the land provide any hindrance to your zeal; but as some wise man in steering, seeing the winds of the stormy surge grown wild, then shows his skill the more, and by his reasoning outstripping the billows cuts through the stream of the surge, running back and frequently emptying the force of the wind—so, having mastered the necks of life, when there is storm and confusion of affairs, outstripping each billow of calamities, in one place you cut through, in another you empty their force, in another running back piously to the height you quenched the tossing of land and sea. And Envy, seeing these things and groaning—for he knew he had suffered great loss, seeing so many saved in a brief time—strikes the tip of your foot, having, as it seems, formed himself into a stone; and a warm gush of blood leapt up, dyeing the ground and calling it to witness; for it was fitting that the marks of your piety remain with you for un diminished grace. But as you snatched that ship of necessity from so many waves, so may the Word of God, who everywhere shelters you, save through you the whole ship of the world from the surge forever. Demosthenes, come forward with boldness; words prevail; do not be troubled now with fear.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":8,"ref":"p8","source":"Φίλιππος οὐ πάρεστιν, ἀλλ' ὁ δεσπότης· κίνδυνος οὐδείς, καὶ σιωπὴν εἰ πάθοις, κοινῶς ἁπάντων καὶ καλῶς ἡττημένων. παλινδρομεῖν δὲ τῶν λόγων ἠπειγμένων πρὸς τοὺς ἀπ' ἀρχῆς αὖθις ἵπταμαι δρόμους. οὐ γὰρ παρέσχες ἐγκοπὴν ταῖς ὁλκάσιν ἕως διελθὼν τὴν ὁδὸν τῶν ῥευμάτων αὐταῖς ἐπέστης ταῖς καλουμέναις Πύλαις, ἐλθὼν ἀπροσδόκητος ἡμεροδρόμος. ἐντεῦθεν, ὥσπερ βλύσμα πηγαίου πόρου κινούμενον μὲν ἐκ φλεβῶν τῶν ἐν βάθει ὁμοῦ συνῆπται καὶ τὰ ῥεῖθρα συλλέγει, ἐν ταῖς νομαῖς δὲ ποικίλως μερίζεται, οὕτως ἀνοίξας τοῦ λογισμοῦ τὰς φλέβας τῇ ποικίλῃ σου καὶ σοφῇ διαιρέσει σαυτὸν μερίζεις ταῖς νομαῖς τῶν πραγμάτων. τίς γὰρ στρατηγός; ὁ βασιλεὺς πρὸ τῶν ὅλων. τίς ἐκδιδάξῃ ταξιαρχίας νόμους; πάντες πρὸς ὑμᾶς εὐθέτως ἀπέβλεπον. τίς τῶν δεόντων ἀσφαλὴς βουληφόρος; πάλιν πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἡ ῥοπὴ τῶν ὀμμάτων. ὡς εὖ κρατοῦσα σὺν Θεῷ μοναρχία· οὐ γὰρ πολυπρόσωπος ἦν ἀναρχία, ἀλλὰ κρατοῦσα σὺν Θεῷ μοναρχία, ἣ πάντα θάλπει καὶ διευθύνει λόγῳ καὶ τὰς ἀτάκτους ἐκτροπὰς ἀνατρέπει· οὕτω γὰρ οὐδὲν ὡς ἀταξίας νόσος ἕρπουσα δάκνει καὶ δαπανᾷ τὴν οὐσίαν καὶ τῶν ἐν αὐτῇ καιρίων καθάπτεται. ἀλλ' εἰ θελήσω τῶν λόγων τὰ ποικίλα καὶ τὰς διαφορὰς ἱστορεῖν τῶν φροντίδων, ὅσας προθύμως ἀνθ' ὅλων ὑφίστασο, διττῆς ἁμαρτὼν","english":"Philip is not present, but the Master is; there is no danger, even if you should fall into silence, since all have been defeated together and nobly. But since the words are urgent to turn back, I fly again to the courses from the beginning. For you did not provide a check to the merchant ships until, having passed along the road of the streams, you stood at the very gates called the Gates, coming as an unexpected courier. From there, just as a gush of a spring-fed channel, moved from the veins deep within, is at once connected and collects the streams, but in the pastures is divided in various ways, so having opened the veins of your reasoning by your varied and wise division, you divide yourself among the pastures of affairs. For who is the general? The king, before all things. Who will teach the laws of the taxiarches? All looked fittingly to you. Who is the safe counselor of what is needed? Again the inclination of the eyes is toward you. How well monarchy rules with God; for anarchy was not many-faced, but monarchy rules with God, which warms and directs all things by reason and overturns disorderly deviations; for thus nothing so much as the disease of disorder, creeping, bites and consumes substance and lays hold of the vital parts within it. But if I wish to recount the varied things of the words and the differences of the cares, how many you eagerly undertook in place of all, having erred in twofold","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":9,"ref":"p9","source":"ἐλπίδος κριθήσομαι ὡς μηδὲ ταῦτα τῷ λόγῳ περιγράφων μηδὲ προβαίνων καὶ λέγων τὰ καίρια. σὺ τὰς ὁδοὺς μὲν εἰργάσω στρατηγίας, τρίβους δὲ τὰς σὰς τακτικὴν εὐτεχνίαν· σοὶ καὶ τράπεζα καὶ τροφὴ καὶ πώματα τόξοις παρεσκεύαστο καὶ ταῖς ἀσπίσι. ψιλὸς δέ σου πᾶς πρακτικός τις ἦν λόγος ῥυθμός τε πάσης καὶ κανὼν εὐβουλίας. στρατὸν γὰρ εὑρὼν τὸ πρὶν ἐκ ῥαθυμίας [...] ἀταξίας γέμοντας, ἠμελημένους, θᾶττον κατορθοῖς καὶ λόγοις καὶ σχήμασι, τυπῶν, διαιρῶν, δεικνύων, ὑπογράφων ὡς παιδαγωγὸς τῶν ἐνόπλων γραμμάτων. ὦ νοῦς διαρκὴς Ὠκεανὸν μιμούμενος, κυκλῶν τε τὴν γῆν καὶ τὸ πᾶν περιτρέχων, καὶ πάντας ἄρδων καὶ μένων πεπλησμένος. ὅσας μὲν οὖν μετῆλθες ἐν βραχεῖ χρόνῳ ἄλλας ἐπ' ἄλλαις φροντίδων τρικυμίας, πράττων, μεριμνῶν, εὐτρεπίζων, προγράφων, ὅπως τὸ πλῆθος τοῦ στρατοῦ συναρμόσῃς εἰς πολλὰ τῆς γῆς ἐσκεδασμένον μέρη δέος γὰρ ἦν οὐ φαῦλον, ὥστε μὴ φθάσας τὰ διαιρεθέντα τοῦ στρατοῦ σου τάγματα σχίσῃ παρελθὼν ἐν μέσοις ὁ βάρβαροςκαὶ πῶς τὰ πυκνὰ πολλάκις βουλεύματα μὴ συνδραμόντα τοῦ σκοποῦ ταῖς ἐλπίσι γνώμαις ὑπεστήριζες ἀκριβεστέραις, ἑκὼν παρήσω· καὶ γὰρ αὐτός, δέσποτα, τοσαῦτα πράττων λανθάνειν ἐτεχνάσω, ὅπως τὸ κοινὸν μὴ μετάσχοι τοῦ πόνου. ὅμως συνῆλθον, ὥσπερ ἐξ ὄρους τινὸς πολλὰς ἔχοντος ἐξοχάς τε καὶ θέσεις κρουνοὶ ῥέοντες τῷ πολυσχιδεῖ πόρῳ εἰς ταὐτὸ συντρέχουσιν ἐκ τῶν σχισμάτων. ἐμοὶ δὲ θαῦμα προσφόρως ἐπήρχετο πῶς τῶν λογισμῶν τῶν τοσούτων ἡ χύσις τῷ σῷ λογισμῷ σωφρόνως ἐτάττετο·","english":"I shall be judged in hope, since I do not even describe these things in my account nor go forward and speak what is crucial. You made the roads of generalship, and your paths were tactical skill; for you both table and food and drink were prepared by bows and shields. Every practical word of yours was stripped bare, and rhythm was the canon of all good counsel. For finding the army formerly full of slackness and disorder, neglected, you quickly set them right both by words and by formations, modeling, dividing, showing, sketching like a pedagogue of armed letters. O enduring mind, imitating the Ocean, circling the earth and running around the whole, and watering all and remaining full. How many waves of cares upon cares you pursued in a short time, acting, caring, preparing, writing beforehand, so that you might join together the multitude of the army scattered into many parts of the earth—for the fear was not slight, lest the barbarian, passing through the midst, split apart the divided regiments of your army before you could reach them—and how you often supported dense counsels that did not run together with the hopes of the goal by more exact judgments, I will willingly pass over; for you yourself, master, contriving such great deeds, devised to escape notice, so that the common cause might not share in the toil. Nevertheless they came together, just as streams flowing from a mountain having many peaks and positions with their much-divided course run together from the clefts into the same place. And wonder came upon me fittingly, how the outpouring of so many reasonings was soberly ordered by your reasoning.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":10,"ref":"p10","source":"πλήν, ὡς ἔοικε, δραστικὸς Θεοῦ Λόγος τούτοις ἐπιστὰς οὐ μόνον τοὺς αὐχένας ἔκαμψε πάντων, ἀλλ' ὁμοῦ καὶ καρδίας. ἐπεὶ δὲ τοῖς σοῖς προσδραμόντες ἴχνεσιν ἅπαντες, ὥσπερ ἐκ μιᾶς συμφωνίας, τὸ σὸν θεοστήρικτον ὕμνησαν κράτος, καὶ τῶν τροπαίων τοὺς κομῶντας αὐχένας πρὸς γῆν ἔκλιναν ὡς μεταρσίους φλόγας, οἳ συντεθέντες εὐτρόχῳ ποικίλματι κήρυκές εἰσι τακτικῶν κινημάτων πόρρωθεν ἐγγὺς τοῖς ὅλοις ὁρώμενοι, κοινὸν δὲ πάντες ἐκτενῶς εὐεργέτην ἀνηγόρευον καὶ κρατοῦντα δεσπότην, τὸ φρικτὸν αὐτὸς τοῦ θεογράφου τύπου λαβὼν ἀπεικόνισμα συντόμως ἔφης· «ἐμοὶ μὲν ὑμᾶς ὡς ἀδελφοὺς ἡ σχέσις καὶ τῆς βασιλείας ὁ τρόπος συνήρμοσεν· ἐξουσίαν γὰρ οὐ τοσοῦτον ἐν φόβῳ ὅσον προλάμπειν ἐν πόθῳ θεσπίζομεν· νόμος γὰρ ἡμῖν ταῖς ἀπανθρώποις βίαις, ἃς ἡ τυραννὶς τοῖς νόμοις ἀνθώπλισεν, ἀντεισάγειν νῦν τὴν φιλάνθρωπον βίαν, καὶ ταῖς τοσαύταις ἀντιτάξαι τὴν μίαν, ἣ ταῖς ἀνάγκαις ταῖς ἀνεγκλήτοις ἀεὶ τοὺς εὖ τεθέντας ἐκβιάζεται νόμους. ἐγὼ μὲν οὕτω καὶ τρόπῳ καὶ σχήματι· οὗτος δὲ κοινὸς καὶ βασιλεὺς καὶ δεσπότης καὶ τῶν καθ' ἡμᾶς ἡγεμὼν στρατευμάτων, μεθ' οὗ στρατηγεῖν ἐστιν ἀσφαλέστερον, δι' οὗ τὸ νικᾶν ἐστιν εὐσεβέστερον· ἐφ' ᾧ πεποιθὼς καὶ τὰ νῦν ἀφιγμένος ὡς εἷς ἀφ' ὑμῶν πρὸς πόνους ὁπλίζομαι. πρέπει γὰρ ἡμᾶς, ὡς ἐκείνου πλάσματα, χωρεῖν κατ' ἐχθρῶν προσκυνούντων κτίσματα, οἳ τὰς τραπέζας τὰς ἀμίκτους αἱμάτων λύθροις ἔμιξαν αἱμάτων μιαιφόνοις· οἳ τὰς ἀδέκτους τῶν παθῶν ἐκκλησίας ἐν ἡδοναῖς χραίνουσιν ἐμπαθεστάταις· οἳ τὴν φυτουργηθεῖσαν ἄμπελον Λόγῳ ξίφει θέλουσιν ἐξορύξαι βαρβάρῳ·","english":"Yet, as it seems, the active Word of God, standing over them, bent not only the necks of all but their hearts together. And when all had run to your footsteps, as if from a single harmony, they hymned your God-sustained might, and they bowed to the ground the necks that were adorned with trophies, like flames raised aloft—trophies which, fitted together in a well-turning embroidery, are heralds of tactical movements, seen from afar and near in their entirety—and all proclaimed you aloud as their common benefactor and ruling master. Then you, having received the awe-inspiring image of the God-traced type, said briefly: \"To me the relationship and the manner of kingship have joined you to me as brothers; for we ordain authority not so much in fear as to shine forth in desire. For it is our law, in place of the inhuman violences which tyranny armed against the laws, now to introduce the humane violence, and to set against so many the one, which always compels the well-established laws by blameless necessities. I am thus both in manner and in form; but this one is common both king and master and leader of the armies under us, with whom to command is safer, through whom to conquer is more pious. Trusting in him, I too, having now arrived as one of you, arm myself for toils. For it is fitting that we, as his creatures, march against enemies who worship created things, who have mixed their tables, undefiled by blood, with the murderous gore of bloods; who defile the churches, unreceptive of the passions, with most passionate pleasures; who wish to dig out with a barbarian sword the vine planted by the Word.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":11,"ref":"p11","source":"δι' οὓς ὁ Δαβὶδ ἐνθέως ἐφθέγξατο μακάριος εἰπὼν ὃς τὰ τέκνα Περσίδος πέτραις προσαντέκρουσεν ἠδαφισμένα.» οὕτως ἅπαντας αὐτὸς ἐκ ῥαθυμίας λόγῳ μετεσκεύαζες εἰς προθυμίαν· οὕτω στρατηγὸν πανταχοῦ καὶ δεσπότην Θεὸν προτάττων ἀσφαλίζῃ τὸ κράτος. καὶ δὴ παρευθὺς τὴν ὑπέρθεσιν φθάσας καινῶν ἀπάρχῃ τοῦ στρατοῦ γυμνασμάτων. πόθος δέ μοί τις ἐνθάδε προσήρχετο ἰδεῖν τὰ τερπνὰ τῆς μάχης προαύλια φόβου τε χωρὶς ἱστορῆσαι τὸν φόβον· ὅμως δὲ φρικτὴν τῶν ἀγώνων ὁ τρόπος καὶ τὴν δόκησιν εἰσάγων προσήρχετο. τάξις γὰρ ἦν ἔνοπλος ἠκριβωμένη, σάλπιγγες ἔνθα καὶ φάλαγγες ἀσπίδων, αἰχμαί, φαρέτραι καὶ βέλη καὶ φάσγανα, καὶ δεινὸς ἐσκεύαστο θωράκων κλόνος ἐκ τῶν σιδηρῶν συμπλακεὶς ὑφασμάτων ἐν οἷς ἐπαυγάζουσα λαμπὰς ἡλίου ταῖς ἀνταμοιβαῖς ὥσπερ ἀντιλάμψεσι στίλβωσιν ἐξέπεμπεν ἀστραπηφόρον. ἐπεὶ δὲ συνταγέντες ὡς ἐναντίοι ἔσφιγξαν αὑτῶν\n\nἀσφαλῶς τὰ τάγματα, ὤφθη τὰ τείχη τῶν ἐνόπλων κτισμάτων, καὶ συρραγέντων τῶν στρατευμάτων ὅλων ξίφος μὲν ἀσπὶς καὶ ξίφη τὰς ἀσπίδας ὤθουν βιαίοις πανταχοῦ συγκρούσμασι, καὶ μεστὰ πολλῶν αἱμάτων τὰ φάσγανα ὁ σχηματισμὸς τῆς μάχης ἐδείκνυε, καὶ πάντα φρικτά, καὶ φόβος καὶ σύγχυσις, καὶ πρὸς φόνους σύννευσις αἱμάτων δίχα. δεῖξαι γὰρ αὐτοῖς ἐμφρόνως ἠπίστασο πρὸ τῆς ἀνάγκης τῆς ἀνάγκης τοὺς τρόπους, ὅπως ἕκαστος τῆς ἀκινδύνου σφαγῆς λαβὼν ἀφορμὰς ἀσφαλέστερος μένοι. λέγειν μὲν οὖν ἕκαστα καὶ τὸ ποικίλον ἐκεῖνο καινούργημα τῆς τέχνης γράφειν ἐξασθενεῖ μου τῆς ἀτόλμου καρδίας ὁ νοῦς ἐναύλῳ τῷ φόβῳ κλονούμενος.","english":"For whose sake David spoke in divine inspiration, calling blessed the one who dashed the children of Persia against the rocks and laid them low. Thus you yourself, by your word, transformed them all from slackness into eagerness; thus, setting God as general and master everywhere before them, you secure the state. And indeed, immediately seizing the moment without delay, you begin new exercises of the army. And a certain longing came upon me here to see the pleasant forecourts of battle and to recount fear without fear; yet the manner of the contests, bringing in even the mere semblance as dreadful, came upon me. For there was an exact armed order, trumpets there and phalanxes of shields, spears, quivers and arrows and swords, and a terrible clashing of breastplates was prepared, struck together from the iron-woven fabrics, in which the sun's beam shining, by its interchanges as it were by counter-reflections, sent forth lightning-bearing gleam. And when they had been drawn up and, as adversaries, had tightly gripped their own ranks securely, the walls of the armed constructions were seen, and when the whole armies had crashed together, sword pushed shield and swords pushed shields with violent collisions everywhere, and the swords full of much blood the formation of the battle showed, and all things were dreadful, both fear and confusion, and a rushing toward slaughters without blood. For you knew how to show them wisely, before necessity, the ways of necessity, so that each, taking occasions of bloodless slaughter, might remain more secure. To speak of each thing and to write that varied new invention of the art my mind grows weak, my timid heart being shaken by fear dwelling within.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":12,"ref":"p12","source":"ἀλλ' ὥσπερ εἰς ἄμπωτιν ἔκ τινος βίας πρόσω τὸ ῥεῦμα συντόνως ὠθούμενον, οὕτως ἐκεῖνα τοῦ στρατοῦ τὰ κύματα τῷ σῷ λόγῳ τρέχοντι συγκινούμενα ἢ πρὸς τὸ σὸν πρόσωπον ἢ τοὐναντίον ἀντιπροσώπῳ τῷ τάχει μετήρχετο. καὶ πρὸς τοσοῦτον οὐκ ἀπώκνησας κλόνον, ἀλλ' εἷλκες αὐτὸν καὶ μεθεῖλκες τοὺς τόνους, ἔταττες, ἀντέταττες, ἔνθα τῷ λόγῳ τῆς σῆς ῥοπῆς τὸ νεῦμα συμμετεστράφη. πῶς πρὸς τοσοῦτο πλῆθος ἡρμόσω μόνος; καὶ πῶς γένη τοσαῦτα καὶ πολυτρόπων ἠθῶν διαφορὰς καὶ φρενῶν διαστάσεις τοῦ σοῦ λόγου κρούοντος εὐρύθμῳ τόνῳ, οὐχ ὥσπερ ἄλλος μυθικὸς τὰ θηρία, πρὸς αὑτὸν εἷλκες, ἀλλὰ πρὸς γνώμην μίαν, γλωττῶν τοσούτων συγχύσεις μεθαρμόσας; πλὴν οὐκ ἀπεικὸς τοῦ παναγίου Πνεύματος καὶ νῦν ἐνεργήσαντος, οὐχὶ πυρφόρῳ γλωττῶν διαιρέσει τε καὶ θεωρίᾳ, γλώττῃ δὲ τῇ σῇ τὴν κατάλληλον χάριν στάξαντος αὐτοῦ καὶ πάλιν τοῦ Πνεύματος· οὕτως ἅπαντας τοὺς πρὶν ἠμελημένους θᾶττον διδάξας εἶχες ηὐτρεπισμένους. ἐγὼ δὲ καὶ πρόμαντις οὐκ ὤν, δέσποτα, φθάσας προεξήγγειλα τῷ πρώτῳ λόγῳ ὡς οὐδὲν ἠμέλησας, ἀλλὰ καὶ γράφων τοῖς σοῖς στρατηγοῖς πανταχοῦ τὸ συμφέρον ἥμαρτες οὐδέν, εἴπερ ἐν δέοντί γε τὸ σοὶ παραστὰν εὐθέως συνέδραμεν. ἔδειξεν ἡμᾶς οὐδαμῶς ἐψευσμένους ἡ πρακτική σου τῶν φρενῶν εὐβουλία. ἐντεῦθεν ἡμᾶς οὐ ταράττουσιν φόβοι, οὐ φροντίδες χαυνοῦσι τὴν προθυμίαν, οὐ συμφοραὶ δάκνουσιν, οὐ θλίβει κόπος· ἔρως γὰρ ἡμᾶς εὐσεβὴς περιτρέχων εἰς τὰς ἀνάγκας καὶ περιστάσεις πλέον νευρῶν συνιστᾷ τοὺς τόνους τοῦ σαρκίου.","english":"But just as when the current is driven swiftly forward by some force toward the ebb, so those waves of the army, stirred by your running word, moved either toward your face or, on the contrary, with opposing speed went the other way. And you did not shrink back before so great a surge, but you drew it on and relaxed the tensions, you arrayed, you set in opposition, wherever the nod of your inclination was turned in accordance with your word. How did you alone harmonize so great a multitude? And how did you draw so many races and the differences of manifold characters and the divisions of minds, as your word struck with well-measured tone—not, like some other mythical figure, drawing the beasts to himself, but to one mind, having attuned the confusions of so many tongues? Indeed it is not unlikely that the all-holy Spirit also now was at work, not by a fiery division and vision of tongues, but by your tongue, dropping upon it the fitting grace, and again the Spirit: thus you had all those previously neglected, once quickly taught, made ready. And I, though no prophet, lord, having anticipated it, foretold in my first word that you had neglected nothing, but even in writing to your generals everywhere you erred in nothing that was expedient, since what occurred to you immediately ran together with what was fitting. Your practical good counsel of mind showed that we were in no way deceived. Hence fears do not trouble us, nor do cares relax our zeal, nor do misfortunes bite, nor does toil oppress us; for a pious love running around us into necessities and circumstances binds the tensions of the flesh more firmly with sinews.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":13,"ref":"p13","source":"ὡς οὖν σοφιστὴς τοῖς ἰατρικοῖς λόγοις πεῖραν συνάψας οὐκ ἀφῆκε τὴν νόσον κρυπτῶς ὑποσμύχουσαν εἰς βάθος βλάβης, ἀλλ' εὐθὺς ἐξέκοψε τῷ ξίφει τεμών, ἢ καυστικῶς ἔφλεξεν ἢ καθαρσίῳ τὰς ἔνδον αὐτῆς ἐκκαθαίρων αἰτίας ἐλευθεροῖ τὸ σῶμα δυσκόλου πάθους, οὕτω τὸ σῶμα τοῦ στρατεύματος τότε εὑρὼν κακωθὲν ἐκ φιλοβλαβοῦς νόσου ἐπέσχες αὐτοὺς τῆς κακῆς ἀπληστίας λόγῳ καθάρας τὰς ὀρέξεις τῆς βλάβης. κρατεῖν γὰρ ἔγνως ῥᾷστα τῶν ἐναντίων ἐν εὐσεβείᾳ τὸν στρατόν σου ῥυθμίσας.\n\nἐντεῦθεν ὑμῖν εὐθὺς ἐπτερωμένη νίκη προσῆλθε Περσικῶν σκυλευμάτων πρὸ τῆς μάχης φέρουσα νικητήρια. ἐπεὶ γὰρ εἶχες οὐδὲν ἠμελημένον, ἀλλ' ἐξέπεμπες ἐκδρομὰς εὐσυνθέτους ἱππεῖς ἐπ' ἄγραν πανταχοῦ ταχυδρόμους· παρῇσαν οἱ φέροντες ἐν βραχεῖ χρόνῳ οὐκ εὐκαταφρόνητα θηρίων γένη, ἀλλ' ἐξέχοντα καὶ κρατοῦντα τῷ θράσει καὶ πολλάκις βλάψαντα τὴν παροικίαν. ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ταῦτα, καίπερ ὄντα θηρία, τοῦ σοῦ παρῆκας μὴ μετασχεῖν ἡμέρου. ὅμως τὰ πολλὰ νῦν ἀφεὶς προειλόμην τὸ πλῆθος αὐτῶν ἐξ ἑνὸς διαγράφειν. παρῆν τις ἀρχίφυλος εὐτόλμου γένους τὸ τῶν Σαρακηνῶν τάγμα τῶν πολυτρίχων ἄγων σὺν αὑτῷ καὶ περισκοπῶν ὅπως λαθὼν ἐπέλθοι τῷ στρατῷ σου πρὸς βλάβην. πλὴν ὡς ἀπλήστῳ συμμαχῶν στρατηγίᾳ κλέψαι θελήσας αὐτὸς ἀντεκλέπτετο, καὶ τοῖς ποσίν σου τοῖς πανημέροις τάχος τὸν πρὶν στρατηγὸν εἰσάγουσι δέσμιον.","english":"So then, just as a skilled physician, joining experience to the principles of medicine, did not leave the disease festering secretly in the depths of harm, but straightway cut it out with the knife, or cauterized it with fire, or by purgation cleansed the causes within it and freed the body from a grievous malady, so you, finding the body of the army at that time afflicted by a harm-loving disease, restrained them from their evil greed, purging their appetites of harm by your word. For you knew how to master the enemy most easily by setting your army in order in piety.\n\nFrom this, winged victory came to you straightway, bearing the spoils of the Persians as a trophy before the battle. For since you had nothing neglected, but were sending out well-ordered sorties, horsemen swift-running everywhere for the hunt, there came those bringing in a short time not contemptible breeds of beasts, but those outstanding and prevailing in boldness and often having harmed the settlement. But not even these, though they were beasts, did you let pass without a share in your gentleness. Yet passing over most of them now, I preferred to describe their multitude from one example. There came a certain chieftain of a daring race, leading with him the troop of the long-haired Saracens and looking about for how he might fall upon your army unawares to its harm. However, as one aiding an insatiable command, wishing himself to steal, he was stolen from in turn, and your all-day feet brought the former general swiftly in as a captive.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":14,"ref":"p14","source":"ὡς δὲ προσήχθη τῷ κράτει σου, δέσποτα, ὁ τὴν πολυστένακτον αἰχμαλωσίαν λαβὼν ἐκεῖνος εἰς νομὴν ἐλευθέραν, ὁ δυστυχήσας εὐτυχῶς, εἰ δεῖ λέγειν σοὶ γὰρ προσελθὼν ἀνταμείβει τὴν τύχην, ῥίπτει τὰ δεσμά, τὰς δὲ συμφορὰς ὅλας ἔτρεψεν εὐθὺς εἰς χαρὰν μεθαρμόσας. πολλὴν δὲ θᾶττον τὴν ἐναλλαγὴν βλέπων ἀντιστροφὴν ἔκρινε τὴν σωτηρίαν, πάλιν στρατηγεῖν ἐλπίσας ὁ δέσμιος.\n\nοὕτως ὁ νοῦς σου ποικίλως ὁπλίζεται καὶ τοῖς λογισμοῖς πολλάκις στρατεύεται, φειδοῖ δὲ μᾶλλον ἢ ξίφει κεχρημένος καὶ τοὺς ἀπίστους βαρβάρους ἐφέλκεται. καὶ ταῦτα μέν σοι σωφρόνως ἐπράττετο· τῷ δὲ στρατηγῷ τῆς πλάνης τἀναντία, ὃς ἔργον εἶχεν ὀργάνων καὶ κυμβάλων ἄσεμνον ἦχον καὶ γυναικῶν ἔκτοπον ὄρχησιν εἰς γύμνωσιν ἠρεθισμένων. σὺ δέ, στρατηγὲ τῆς σοφῆς πανοπλίας, ψαλμοῖς ἐτέρπου μυστικῶν ἐξ ὀργάνων τὸν θεῖον ἦχον ἐντιθεὶς τῇ καρδίᾳ, εἶχες δὲ σεμνὰ παρθένων σκιρτήματα τῶν σῶν λογισμῶν τὰς ἀπόρνους ἐλπίδας. ἐκεῖνος εἶχε τὴν σελήνην ἐλπίδα, τοῦ σοῦ δὲ θᾶττον προσβαλόντος ἡλίου ἔκλειψιν αὐτὸς ὀξέως ὑφίστατο. τὸ πῦρ ἐκεῖνος εἶχε προσκυνούμενον, ὑψούμενον δὲ σύ, κράτιστε, τὸ ξύλον. τούτου δὲ δῆλον ὡς πρὸς ὕψος ἠρμένου τὸ Περσικὸν πῦρ εἰς μάτην ἀνήπτετο.","english":"But when that man was brought before your power, master—the one who took that much-lamented captivity into free plunder, the one who was unfortunate fortunately, if one must say so; for coming to you he repays his fortune, he throws off his bonds, and all his misfortunes he straightway turned into joy, transforming them. And seeing the change much sooner, he judged his salvation a reversal, hoping to command again, the prisoner.\n\nThus your mind is armed in varied ways and often campaigns with its reasonings, and using sparing rather than the sword, it draws in the faithless barbarians. And these things were being done by you with prudence; but for the general of error, the opposite, who had as his work the unseemly sound of instruments and cymbals and the grotesque dancing of women provoked to nakedness. But you, general of the wise panoply, were delighted with psalms, placing the divine sound from mystic instruments into your heart, and you had the reverent leapings of maidens, the chaste hopes of your reasonings. That man had the moon as his hope, but when your sun advanced sooner, he swiftly underwent an eclipse. That man had fire worshipped, but you, most mighty one, the wood exalted. And it is clear that, when this was raised on high, the Persian fire was kindled in vain.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":15,"ref":"p15","source":"ἐπεὶ γὰρ εἰς χειμῶνα πρὸς τὸ Πόντιον κλίμα διατρίψας συντόμως ὁ βάρβαρος τὰς εἰσβολὰς κατέσχε τῆς ὁδοῦ φθάσας, ὁ δὲ στρατός σου δυσχερεῖς τὰς εἰσβάσεις ἅπαξ προληφθεὶς εἶχε τὰς πρὸς ἥλιον, ἀντιστροφὴν ἐνταῦθα συντομωτάτην καὶ σχηματισμὸν ἐπαινετῆς πλαστουργίας ἐξεῦρες, ὦ κράτιστε, τοῖς μὲν βαρβάροις δείξας πρόσωπον ἐκδρομῆς ἐψευσμένης, θήγων δὲ τὸν νοῦν ὥστε καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν [...] ! ! ! ! ! τὸν σόν, ὡς εὐμηχάνως στραφεὶς ἐκείνοις τὰς ὁδοὺς ὑφαρπάσῃς. τοῦ δυσσεβοῦς δὲ θᾶττον ἠπατημένου τρίβοις τε λοξαῖς καὶ παρεκτετραμμέναις ὡς πρὸς τὸ σὸν πρόσωπον ἐξωρμηκότος, ἀντιστρέφεις σὺ διπροσώπῳ σχήματι καὶ πρῶτος εὐθὺς εὑρέθης ὁ δεύτερος· οὕτω νομίζων εὐτυχῶς προεκτρέχειν ἐκ σοῦ σκελισθεὶς δυστυχῶς ὑποστρέφει. οὕτω στρατηγῶν καὶ σοφὴν πλαστουργίαν μόνος κατορθοῖς καὶ σοφὴν ὑπόκρισιν· καὶ τοῦτο μᾶλλον τοῦ σκοποῦ τὸ ποικίλον τοὺς βαρβάρους ἐνῆκεν εἰς ῥαθυμίαν. οὐ γάρ τις οὕτως ἀγρίως θυμούμενον ἀντιστρόφῳ παρῆλθε θηρίον δρόμῳ, οὐδ' ἄλλος ἵππους ἡνιοχῶν τὰς ἡνίας λοξὰς προδεικνὺς ὀρθίως παρέρχεται, ὡς σὺ κρατήσας τοῦ στρατοῦ τὰς ἡνίας ὑποτρέχων παρῆλθες ἐξ ἀντιστρόφου, καὶ τὸν παραβάτην παραβαλὼν πλασμῷ ξένῳ πρὸ τῆς μάχης ἀφῆκας εἰς ἀντιστάδην. ἕκτης δὲ λοιπὸν ἐκδραμούσης ἡμέρας, τὰ τῶν ἑαυτοῦ συμφορῶν μηνύματα ἀπροσδοκήτων εἶχεν ἐξ ἀκουσμάτων. πολλὴ δὲ φροντὶς τῶν φρενῶν κλονουμένων κατεῖχεν αὐτόν, καὶ λογισμῶν συγχύσεις τὸν νοῦν ἐπεγνόφωσαν ἐσκοτισμένον.","english":"For when the barbarian, having spent the winter in the Pontic region, swiftly anticipated and checked the incursions of the road, but your army, once forestalled, found the approaches toward the sun difficult, you devised here a most swift reversal and a formation of praiseworthy craftsmanship, O mightiest one, showing the barbarians the face of a feigned sortie, and sharpening your mind so that [...] you might craftily turn and snatch away their roads. But when the impious man had been quickly deceived and had rushed forth by crooked and diverted paths toward your face, you reverse yourself with a two-faced formation and were first found immediately as the second; thus, thinking he was happily running ahead, he slipped and unhappily turns back from you. Thus by your generalship you alone accomplish both a wise craftsmanship and a wise pretense; and this very variety beyond the aim stirred the barbarians to slackness. For no one so passed by a beast raging fiercely with a counter-turn of running, nor does another, driving horses and showing the reins crooked, pass by uprightly, as you, holding the reins of the army, passed by running underneath from the opposite direction, and having set the transgressor alongside by a strange formation before the battle, you sent him off to stand against you. And now when the sixth day had run out, he had the signs of his own misfortunes from unexpected reports. And great anxiety held him as his mind was shaken, and confusions of reasoning darkened his mind, having been obscured.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":16,"ref":"p16","source":"οὐ γάρ τι μικρόν ἐστιν ἀλλὰ καίριον εἰ καί τι μικρὸν ὁ στρατὸς παρεκτρέχει, πολλῶν μεταξὺ δυσχερῶν κινουμένων τοῖς ἀλλοφύλοις εἰκότως στρατεύμασι.\n\nλιμοῦ γὰρ αὐτοῖς καὶ φθορᾶς πολυτρόπου καὶ τῶν ἀδήλων εἰς βλάβην ἐγκρυμμάτων καὶ τῶν ἀρίστων εἰς μάχην προλημμάτων ἐντεῦθεν ἦν κίνδυνος· ἀλλ' ἔτι πλέον ἔδακνεν αὐτοὺς τὸ βλέπειν τὸν ἥλιον, ὃν προσκυνοῦσιν ὡς θεὸν τῆς Περσίδος, ἐν τῇ παρατάξει τῆς μάχης ἐναντίον. Ξέρξην μὲν οὖν λέγουσι λυσσώδει τρόπῳ μῖξαι θέλοντα τὰς διεστώσας φύσεις ὕδωρ πετρῶσαι καὶ θαλαττῶσαι χθόνα. καί μοι δοκεῖ τις οὗτος εὐηθέστατος, ὃς ταῖς ἀτάκτοις μεταβολαῖς τὰς οὐσίας τρέπειν νομίζων συγχύσεις εἰργάζετο, ὃς ἐκφοβῆσαι τοὺς Λάκωνας ἠρμένος, ὡς θαυματουργὸς τῶν ἐναντιώσεων, χερσοῖ τὰ ῥεῖθρα, ῥευματοῖ δὲ τοὺς λίθους, κυκῶν τε πάντα καὶ στρέφων κἀντιστρέφων ἔτικτεν οὐκ ἔκπληξιν ἀλλ' ἐμπληξίαν· ὃς τῶν τεθέντων καὶ πεπηγμένων ὅρων ἀνθοροθετῆσαι τὰς βάσεις ἠπείγετο· ὃς πρὸς τοσαύτην ἦλθεν ἐκτροπὴν ὅτι τὸ σεπτὸν αὑτῷ καὶ φίλον καὶ πάτριον ὕδωρ ἐμαστίγωσεν, οὐκ ἔχων ὅθεν τὴν λύτταν αὑτοῦ τὴν ἀνᾴττουσαν σβέσοι. καὶ ταῦτα ποίας αὐτὸν ὠθούσης βίας; ὕδωρ ὅπως τέμνοιτο χερσαίῳ δρόμῳ καὶ γῆ περῷτο τῷ θαλαττίῳ πόρῳ, ὅπως γε θᾶττον εὐκολωτέραν τότε ὁδὸν διελθὼν τοὺς ἐναντίους φθάσοι· πόνου δὲ σμικροῦ ῥᾳδίου τε πράγματος πόνους τοσούτους εἰς μάτην ἠλλάξατο. σὺ δέ, κράτιστε, μὴ ταράξας τὰς φύσεις, μηδ' αὖ σαλεύσας τοὺς πεπηγμένους ὅρους, βαίνων ἀμόχθως καὶ βαδίζων ἠρέμα τοὺς σοὺς παρῆλθες εὐχερῶς ἐναντίους. οὐδεὶς δὲ λοιπὸν εὔπορος τῷ βαρβάρῳ ἐν ταῖς μερίμναις τῆς","english":"For it is no small matter but a timely one if the army even slightly deviates, since many difficulties are stirred up in between for the foreign armies, as is reasonable.\n\nFor from this came danger to them of famine and manifold destruction and of hidden ambushes for harm and of the best defenses for battle being taken in advance; but still more it gnawed at them to see the sun, which they worship as the god of Persia, facing them in the battle line. They say, then, that Xerxes, wishing in a maddened way to mix the separated natures, turned water to stone and land to sea. And this man seems to me utterly foolish, who, thinking to overturn substances by disorderly changes, wrought confusion, who, having set out to terrify the Spartans as a wonder-worker of opposites, made streams dry and stones flowing, and churning and turning and reversing all things, he begot not amazement but madness; who hastened to set the bases of established and fixed boundaries against their definitions; who came to such a degree of perversion that he whipped his own revered and dear and ancestral water, having no means by which to quench his incurable frenzy. And these things—what force drove him on? So that water might be cut by a dry course and land crossed by a sea passage, so that more quickly, having then traversed an easier road, he might outrun his enemies; but for slight toil and an easy matter he exchanged such great toils in vain. But you, O mightiest one, neither confounding the natures nor again shaking the fixed boundaries, walking without toil and treading gently, you easily passed by your enemies. And no longer is there an easy way for the barbarian in the cares of","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":17,"ref":"p17","source":"ἀνάγκης ἦν πόρος, ἀλλ' ἐξ ἀπορίας εἰς ταπείνωσιν τότε τὸν ὄγκον ἀντέστρεψε τῆς ἐπάρσεως. πῇ μὲν γὰρ αὐτὸν ἠρεθισμένη τότε γνώμη κατεῖχε, καὶ κατόπιν τοῦ σοῦ κράτους παλινδρομεῖν ἔπειθεν εἰς ἀνάρροπον, ἀλλ' εὐλαβεῖτο τοῦ σκοποῦ τἀναντία βλέπων ἀδήλους πανταχοῦ τὰς ἐκβάσεις· πῇ δ' ἐξ ἀνάγκης τὰς Κιλικίας εἰσόδους καὶ τὴν δυσάντη καὶ κατεστενωμένην κρημνοῖς τε καὶ φάραγξι τῆς ὁδοῦ θέσιν ἀνατρέχειν ὥρμησεν· ἀλλὰ κἀνθάδε ἀνατροπὴ κατεῖχε τὴν γνώμην πάλιν. τῆς Ἀρμενίας γὰρ αὐτὸν ἡ διέξοδος ἔδακνε, μήπως ἔνθεν εἰσβαλὼν φθάσῃς καὶ πᾶσαν ἄρδην συνταράξῃς Περσίδα. καὶ πολλὰ λυττῶν τοῖς νόθοις βουλεύμασι λογισμὸν εἶχεν οὐδαμοῦ βεβηκότα, ἀλλ' ὥσπερ εὐκύλιστος ἄστατος λίθος ἐπείγεται μὲν πρὸς κατάρροπον βάθος, εἰς δ' ἀντέρεισμα προσβαλὼν ἀνετράπη, οὕτως ὀλισθήσαντα τῶν βουλευμάτων τὰ πολλὰ τοῦδε τοῦ λίθου κυλίσματα ταῖς ἀστατούσαις ἐκφοραῖς ὠθούμενα γνώμαις ἀνετρέποντο ταῖς ἐναντίαις. ὅμως ὑπήχθη καὶ κατόπιν κυνὸς δίκην σειραῖς δεθέντος ἐξ ἀνάγκης εἵλκετο. εἰκῇ δὲ μοχθῶν καὶ μάτην πονούμενος διπλοῦς δρόμους ἤλαυνεν εἰς ὁδὸν μίαν. ἀλλ' ὡς ἑτοίμοις καὶ προησφαλισμέναις ταῖς τακτικαῖς σου προσβαλὼν εὐτεχνίαις ἄνευρον αὑτῷ τὴν μάχην ἠπίστατο, κλοπὴν μεριμνᾷ καὶ παρεσκευάζετο λαβεῖν συνεργὸν τοῦ σκοποῦ τὴν εὐφρόνην· πρὸς γὰρ ἐπελεύσεις λοιπὸν εὐτρεπίζετο ζητῶν ἀφεγγῆ καιρὸν εἰς τὰ κλέμματα. ἐπεὶ δὲ τὸν φωστῆρα τὸν μεθ' ἡμέραν τὴν νύκτα παμφαίνοντα παμφαῆ βλέπων ἔλεγχον εἶχε τῆς κλοπῆς τὴν λαμπάδα, καὶ τὴν σελήνην λοιπὸν ὡς ἐναντίαν τὴν πρὶν σεβαστὴν εἶχε δυσσεβουμένην·","english":"It was a matter of necessity, but from helplessness he then reversed the bulk of his arrogance into humiliation. For at one moment his then-provoked mind restrained him and persuaded him to run back behind your majesty's power to a place hard to climb, but he was cautious, seeing that the outcomes of his purpose were everywhere unclear and opposite; and at another moment from necessity he rushed to run up the entrances of Cilicia and the difficult and narrow position of the road with its cliffs and ravines; but even here a reversal again restrained his mind. For the crossing of Armenia gnawed at him, lest from there you fall upon him and utterly throw all Persia into confusion. And raging much with his bastard counsels, he held a reasoning that had settled nowhere, but just as a easily-rolling, unstable stone is driven toward a downward depth, and striking against a support is turned back, so the many rollings of this stone of his counsels, slipping, pushed by his unstable outpourings, were turned back by opposing judgments. Nevertheless he was led along and, like a dog bound in chains, was dragged by necessity behind. But laboring at random and toiling in vain, he drove double courses into one road. But when he attacked your tactical skills as ready and pre-fortified, he knew he had found the battle for himself without result; he takes thought for stealth and prepared to take the night as a helper of his purpose; for from then on he was preparing for assaults, seeking a lightless time for his thefts. But when, seeing the day's luminary, the night shining all-shining, he had as a shining proof of his theft the torch, and the moon from then on, as an opponent, he held in impiety the formerly revered one;","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":18,"ref":"p18","source":"καί που καθ' αὑτὸν δυσφορῶν ἐπηύξατο ὁ βάρβαρος νοῦς μὴ πρὸς αὔξησιν τρέχειν λήγειν δὲ μᾶλλον τὴν θεὸν τῆς Περσίδος. Ἔκλειψιν ἔσχεν ἡ θεὸς τῆς Περσίδος, ἔκλειψιν ἔσχε καὶ λόγῳ καὶ πράγματι. οἶμαι δέ, χαίρει Περσικῆς βλάβης χάριν φθίνουσα καὶ λήγουσα καὶ μειουμένη· ἀεὶ γὰρ αὐτοῖς μᾶλλον ἐκλείπειν θέλει ἤπερ προλάμπειν δυσσεβῶς τιμωμένη. ἡμᾶς δὲ λαμπὰς ἡλίου τοῦ δεσπότου θάλπουσα καὶ νῦν ἐξανάπτει τοὺς λόγους, καὶ Φοῖβος ἡμῖν εὐσεβὴς προέρχεται πάντας καθαίρων ἐκ καθαρσίου λόγου· τοῦ Λοξίου δὲ τοὺς ὅρους βδελύττεται τὰ στρεβλὰ φεύγων τῆς πλάνης αἰνίγματα. ἤδη δὲ πολλῶν ἐν μέσῳ κινουμένων τρεῖς πεντάριθμοι λοιπὸν ἦσαν ἡμέραι ἐν αἷς ἀπαύστως εἰς ἀγῶνας ἐκτρέχων πρὸς τὰς παρατάξεις τὸν στρατὸν συνεκρότεις. ὁ βάρβαρος δὲ καὶ γένει καὶ τῷ τρόπῳ οὐκ εἶχε τοῦ νοῦ παντελῶς τὰς ἡνίας· καὶ πολλάκις γὰρ τὴν μάχην ὑπέσχετο καὶ πρὸς τοσαύτην ἦλθεν αἰσχύνην, ὅτι καθ' ἡμέραν σοι προσβαλὼν ἀνετράπη, ἄτολμα τολμῶν καὶ τρέχων ὑπόστροφα. ὄρη μὲν οὖν κατεῖχεν ὡς αἱ δορκάδες, ᾤκει τε πέτρας ὥσπερ οἱ πτῶκες φόβῳ. οὐκ ἄσκοπον δὲ χρῆμα τῆς πονηρίας, καὶ τοῦτο πράττων εὐθέως ἡλίσκετο· εἰς δυσβάτους γὰρ προσκατέτρεχεν τόπους, ὅπως ἀφορμὴν εἰς ὑπέρθεσιν λάβοι τῆς σῆς ἑτοίμων τῶν στρατευμάτων μάχης. αὐτὸς δὲ πρὸς γῆν εὐθέτως ἡπλωμένην τὸν σὸν στρατὸν προσῆγες ηὐτρεπισμένον, καί που σκοπήσας ἐξ ὄρους ὁ βάρβαρος τὴν καλλίτεχνον καὶ σοφὴν στρατηγίαν, καὶ τὴν τοσαύτην ἐκπλαγεὶς εὐταξίαν ἔπηξεν αὐτοῦ σὺν φόβῳ τὰ τάγματα καὶ τοῖς λίθοις ἔμεινε συλλιθούμενος. οὐκ ἔστι ταῦτα πρὸς χάριν κεχρωσμένα·","english":"And perhaps, being distressed within himself, the barbarian mind prayed that it might not run toward increase, but rather that the goddess of Persia might cease. The goddess of Persia had an eclipse, an eclipse both in word and in deed. And I think she rejoices for the sake of Persian harm, waning and ceasing and diminishing; for she always wishes rather to fail among them than to shine forth, being impiously honored. But the torch of the sun of the Master, warming us, now also kindles our words, and a pious Phoebus comes forth for us, cleansing all from the purification of reason; but he loathes the boundaries of Loxias, fleeing the twisted riddles of error. And already, while many things were being stirred in the midst, there remained three groups of five days, in which, running out ceaselessly to struggles, you kept the army clashing against the battle lines. But the barbarian, both by nature and by manner, did not hold the reins of his mind at all; for he often promised battle and came to such great shame, because attacking you daily he was overturned, daring things undaring and running backward. Mountains, then, he occupied like gazelles, and he dwelt among rocks like hares in fear. Nor was this a purposeless thing of his wickedness, and doing this he was immediately caught; for he ran up into hard-to-traverse places, so that he might take a pretext for postponing battle with your troops, who were ready. But you led your army, well-equipped, toward land spread out conveniently, and somewhere the barbarian, observing from a mountain your artful and wise generalship, and struck with amazement at such great order, fixed his ranks there in fear and remained stoning with stones. These things are not colored for favor.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":19,"ref":"p19","source":"ἁπλοῖ δὲ πάντως τῆς ἀληθείας λόγοι, οὓς εἰ σιωπήσαιμεν, αἱ πέτραι τάχα φωνὰς ἀπορρήξουσι τῶν πεπραγμένων. ἐπεὶ δὲ πολλὴν ἐξ ἔθους ὑπέρθεσιν τοῦ βαρβάρου παρεῖχεν ἡ δειλανδρία δειλὸς γὰρ ὢν κἄτολμος, ἀνδρεῖος μόνον ἐν τῇ δοκήσει τῆς μάχης ἐφαίνετο· τὰς δὲ παρατάξεις εἶχε μὴ κινουμένας· οὕτω γὰρ ἦσαν ἱστορημέναι μόνον ὡς ζωγραφοῦσιν οἱ γραφεῖς τὰς εἰκόνας, κἀνταῦθα τολμᾷς τῆς Ἀλεξάνδρου πλέον, κράτιστε, γνώμης, ἀλλὰ κινδύνου δίχα. οὐχ ὥσπερ εἰς κίνδυνον οὐ θέλων τρέχειν ἀλλὰ σφαλῆναι μὴ θέλων ἀβουλίᾳ· εὐβουλίαις γὰρ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἀσφαλής, ἀλλ' οὐχὶ τόλμαις ἐστὶν ἀσφαλέστερος. καὶ δὴ μεταξὺ τῶν στρατευμάτων τότε σκηνὴν ἔπηξας, εὐχερεῖς πρὸς τὴν μάχην διδοὺς ἀφορμάς· καὶ τὸ δεῖπνον ἐν μέσῳ ἕτοιμον ἦν σοι σχηματισμῷ καὶ μόνῳ· ὁ νοῦς γὰρ\n\nὑμῶν οὐκ ἐδεσμάτων πόθον ἀλλ' εἰς τὸ σῴζειν εἶχε τὴν ἀπληστίαν. οὕτως ἐκείνων ἀσφαλῶς κατεφρόνεις ὕλας χορηγῶν καὶ τοσαύτας καὶ ξένας, ὅπως δι' αὐτῶν ἐξανάψῃς τὴν μάχην· οὕτως ἐρεθίζων τὸν κακοῦργον, ὡς κύνα, ἔσπευδες αὐτὸν εἰς πόλεμον ὑφαρπάσαι. ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔπειθες τοῦτον ἐκτρέχειν ὅλως, οὔτε προτολμῶν οὔτε παίζων τὴν μάχην· τῇ γὰρ δοκήσει τῇ παρημελημένῃ ἡ σὴ καταφρόνησις, ὡς οἶμαι, πλέον τοὺς βαρβάρους ἔβαλλεν εἰς ἀγωνίαν. ἐντεῦθεν οὐδεὶς εὐχερῶς μετήρχετο ἢ τῶν καθ' αὑτὸν ἐξεπήδα ταγμάτων· πάντες γὰρ ἦσαν ὥσπερ ἐστηλωμένοι· σκηνῆς δὲ τῆς σῆς ἡ ξένη θεωρία τοῖς βαρβάροις μὲν φραγμὸς ἀντεκτίζετο, τεῖχος δὲ τοῖς σοῖς οἰκέταις καθίστατο.","english":"The words of truth are altogether simple, and if we should keep silent, the stones will perhaps break forth voices of what has been done. Since the cowardice of the barbarian provided much delay by habit—for being cowardly and timid, he appeared brave only in the semblance of battle—he kept his battle lines unmoving; for they had been recorded only in this way, as painters paint their images, and here you dare more than the judgment of Alexander, O mightiest one, but without danger. Not as one unwilling to run into danger but unwilling to fail through want of counsel; for the general is safer by good counsels, but he is not safer by acts of daring. And indeed between the armies at that time you pitched a tent, giving easy pretexts for battle; and the meal was ready in your midst by posture alone; for your mind had not a desire for foods but directed its insatiety toward saving. Thus you safely despised them, furnishing materials both so many and so strange, so that through them you might kindle the battle; thus provoking the evildoer like a dog, you hastened to snatch him away into war. But you did not persuade him to run out at all, neither by advancing first nor by making battle a game; for by the neglected semblance, your contempt, as I think, struck the barbarians more into agony. From this, no one readily came forward or leaped out from his own ranks; for all were as if fixed in place; and the strange spectacle of your tent was set up as a barrier against the barbarians, and it became a wall for your servants.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":20,"ref":"p20","source":"μίαν γὰρ ἡ τρέχουσα πανταχοῦ δίκη τοῖς ἀλλοφύλοις οὐ παρῆκεν ἡμέραν, ἀλλ' ἐξέχοντα βαρβάρων σκηνώματα ἔπιπτον ἄρδην. συμπλοκὴ γὰρ πολλάκις τῷ πλησιάζειν ἐκ μέρους ἐγίνετο· ὅμως ἕκαστον τῶν ἀριστέων τότε μόνος παρεσκεύαζες εἰς προθυμίαν, ἀεὶ προπηδῶν εὐσθενῶς ἐν ταῖς μάχαις καὶ τόξον ἕλκων καὶ προτείνων ἀσπίδα καὶ πάντα πράττων ἀνθ' ὅλων πρὸ τῶν ὅλων, δι' ὧν ἕκαστος εὐθὺς ἠρεθίζετο κίνδυνον εὑρεῖν μᾶλλον ἢ τοῦ δεσπότου πονοῦντος οὕτω μὴ μετασχεῖν τοῦ πόνου. καὶ πᾶς τις ὢν ἄτολμος εἰς ὑμᾶς βλέπων τὸν νοῦν μετεσκεύαζεν εἰς εὐτολμίαν· φέρειν γὰρ οἶδεν ἔργον εἰς εὐπραξίαν, ὅτε πρὸ πάντων δεσπότης ὁπλίζεται. καί πού τις εἶπε προσλαλῶν τῷ συμμάχῳ· «φεῦ τῆς ἀνάγκης· ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ δεσπότης ὡς εἷς ἀφ' ἡμῶν πρὸς μάχην ὁπλίζεται καὶ νῦν σιδηροῦς ἀντὶ πορφύρας χιτὼν σφίγγει τὰ νῶτα καὶ βαρεῖ τὸν αὐχένα, κόνις δὲ πολλὴ συμπλακεῖσα τῇ κόμῃ μορφὴν τοσαύτης συγκαλύπτει τέρψεως· τὸν καυστικὸν δὲ τοῦτον ἥλιον στέγει ἱδρῶτι θερμῷ πανταχοῦ βεβρεγμένος ὃν ἐξ ἀνάγκης τῶν μελῶν ἐσφιγμένων πόνος βίαιος ἐκφέρει τοῦ σώματος.» ὡς εἶπεν, ἐστέναξεν ἐκ βάθους μέγα καὶ συγκατέρρει τῷ λόγῳ τὰ δάκρυα. ὁ δὲ πρὸς αὐτὸν εὐθὺς ἀντεφθέγξατο· «ἀλλ' οὐ τοσοῦτον τὴν ἐμὴν πλήττει φρένα τὸ δυσπαθοῦντα νῦν ὁρᾶν τὸν δεσπότην, ὅσον με ποιεῖ τοῦτο θαυμάζειν, ὅτι πρὸς τὰς ἀνάγκας ἡδέως ἐπείγεται, καὶ τέρψιν εἶναι τοὺς πόνους λογίζεται. κρατῶν γὰρ αἰχμὴν ὡραΐζεται πλέον ἤπερ κρατῶν τὰ σκῆπτρα τῆς ἐξουσίας· φέρει δὲ ταύτην εὐμαρῶς τὴν ἀσπίδα ἥδιστα μᾶλλον, ὡς βλέπω, τοῦ στέμματος·","english":"For the justice that runs everywhere did not let a single day pass for the foreigners, but the tents of the barbarians that stood out fell utterly. For a clash often occurred as they came near, part by part; nevertheless, each of the best men you then alone prepared for zeal, always leaping forward vigorously in the battles, both drawing the bow and holding out the shield and doing everything in place of all before all, through which each man was at once stirred to find danger rather than, while the master toiled thus, not to share in the toil. And anyone who was cowardly, looking to you, changed his mind to boldness; for he knows how to bring a work to success when the master arms himself before all. And somewhere someone said, addressing his comrade: “Alas for the necessity! The king and master, as one of us, arms himself for battle, and now an iron tunic instead of purple grips his back and weighs down his neck, and much dust, clinging to his hair, covers the form of such great delight; and this scorching sun he endures, drenched everywhere with hot sweat, which the violent toil of his limbs, constrained by necessity, forces out of his body.” When he said this, he groaned greatly from the depths, and tears flowed down together with his words. And he immediately answered him: “But it does not strike my heart so much to see the master now suffering hardship, as this makes me marvel, that he rushes gladly toward necessities, and reckons toils to be delight. For wielding a spear he is adorned more than wielding the scepters of authority; and he bears this shield most gladly and easily, as I see, rather than the crown.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":21,"ref":"p21","source":"καὶ πρὶν δι' ἡμᾶς τοὺς φόνους κατασβέσας πάλιν δι' ἡμᾶς πρὸς φόνους ὁπλίζεται. καὶ νῦν μελαμπέδιλον ἐκτείνων πόδα τοῖς μὴ πρέπουσίν ἐστιν εὐπρεπέστερος καὶ τοῖς πενιχροῖς τιμιώτερος μένει· βάψαι γὰρ αὐτὸν τῇ ξένῃ βαφῇ θέλει ποιῶν ἐρυθρὸν Περσικῶν ἐξ αἱμάτων. ποίας λιθώδεις οὐ μαλάττει καρδίας; ποίας ἀτόλμους οὐ παροξύνει φρένας; πείθει τε ῥᾷστα πάντα κίνδυνον φέρειν, ὃς οὔτε μητρὸς τῇ φιλοστόργῳ φύσει οὔτ' αὖ τοσοῦτον τοῖς τέκνοις ἀνθέλκεται ὅσον πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἐκπυροῦται τῇ σχέσει.» ταῦτα προσειπὼν καὶ στενάξας ὀργίλον σὺν τῷ στεναγμῷ τοὺς φόνους εἰργάζετο. τούτοις, κράτιστε, καὶ συνήσθην εἰκότως καλῶς φρονοῦσι, καὶ συνήλγησα πλέον τῇ ταυτότητι συγχυθεὶς τῶν δακρύων· καὶ τὴν χαρὰν γὰρ πολλάκις χαρὰ τρέφει καὶ δάκρυσίν τις ἐξεγείρει δάκρυα· ἡμῖν μὲν οὕτως ἦν ἄλυπα δάκρυα.\n\nπλὴν οὐ προσήκει συγκαλύψαι τῷ λόγῳ τὸ Περσικὸν κάλυμμα τῆς πανουργίας.\n\nοἶδεν γὰρ αὐτοὺς ἡ διδάσκαλος πλάνη καὶ συμμαχοῦντας δεικνύειν ἀγνώμονας· τὸ σύντροφον γὰρ τῆς κακουργίας ἔθος ἀεὶ παρ' αὐτοῖς εἰς νόμον μεθίσταται. ἐρῶ δὲ πᾶσαν τοῦ σκοποῦ τὴν αἰτίαν· καὶ γάρ τις αὐτῶν εἰς τὸν ἔμπροσθεν χρόνον προσαυτομολήσας τῷ στρατῷ σου βάρβαρος ὅμως δὲ Πέρσης (καὶ τὸ πᾶν διαγράφω) ἔδοξεν εἶναι πιστὸς ἐξ ἀπιστίας καὶ λοιπὸν ἡμῖν συμμαχεῖν ἠπειγμένος, ἐν τῷ στρατῷ σου προσφόρως ἐτάττετο. ἤδη δὲ τούτῳ τεττάρων τε καὶ δέκα ὑπῆρχε κύκλος ἡμερῶν πληρουμένων, ὅτε πρὸς αὐτοὺς δυστυχῶς τοὺς βαρβάρους παλινδρομήσας ἀστάτοις βαδίσμασι ῥίψασπις ὥσπερ εὑρέθη τὸ δεύτερον· οὐκ ἀσκόπως δὲ τοῦτο πράττων ἐσφάλη.","english":"And he who had previously extinguished slaughters for our sake is again armed for slaughters for our sake. And now, extending his black-sandaled foot, he is more comely to those to whom it does not befit, and he remains more honored among the poor; for he wishes to dye it with the strange dye, making it red from Persian blood. What stony hearts does he not soften? What cowardly minds does he not provoke? And he most easily persuades them to endure every danger—he who is neither drawn back by his mother's affectionate nature nor yet so much by his children as he is inflamed toward us by his attachment.\" Having said this and groaned, with the groan he wrought angry slaughters. In these words, most mighty one, I both rightly rejoiced, since they were well disposed, and I grieved the more, confounded by the sameness of my tears; for joy often nourishes joy, and one rouses tears by tears; thus for us tears were painless.\n\nHowever, it is not fitting to conceal in my account the Persian veil of villainy.\n\nFor error, their teacher, knows them and shows them to be allies without discernment; for the ingrained habit of wickedness among them always passes into law. And I shall state the whole cause of the matter; for one of them, in time past, having deserted to your army—a barbarian, yet a Persian (and I describe the whole matter)—seemed to be faithful out of unfaithfulness, and thereafter, hastening to be our ally, he was stationed suitably in your army. And already the cycle of fourteen days was being fulfilled for him, when, having run back unfortunately to the barbarians themselves with unstable steps, he was found, as it were, a shield-thrower for the second time; but doing this not without purpose, he was brought down.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":22,"ref":"p22","source":"οἱ γὰρ φθάσαντες τῆς ἀτολμίας χρόνοι\n\nἔπειθον αὐτὸν ὡς πάλιν τὰ Περσίδος ἐπικρατήσει τῆς μάχης στρατεύματα. ἀλλ' οὐδὲν αὐτὸν ὠφέλησαν ἐν μέσῳ τὰ λοξὰ ταῦτα τοῦ δόλου βουλεύματα. τῆς καρδίας γὰρ ἀστάτως κινουμένης συναστατούσας εἶχε καὶ τὰς ἐλπίδας· ἐναντίας δὲ πανταχοῦ τὰς ἐκβάσεις, καὶ τοῖς λογισμοῖς εἶχε συμπλανωμένας. τὴν γὰρ κρατοῦσαν συμφορὰν τῶν βαρβάρων καὶ τὴν ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐκπλαγεὶς ἀτολμίαν βλέπων τε πικρὰς ἐλπίδας παρ' ἐλπίδα, πάλιν πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἀντανήρχετο δρόμῳ, καὶ μὴ φυλάξας τὸν λόγον, τὸν σὸν λόγον ἕτοιμον εὑρών, ὀξέως ἐσῴζετο· οὕτως ἅπαντας καὶ τρέχοντας προσδέχῃ καὶ μὴ τρέχοντας εἰς τὸ σῴζειν ἐκδέχῃ. ἐκεῖνος ἡμῖν πᾶσαν ἠκριβωμένως τῶν βαρβάρων ἐξεῖπε τὴν ἀτολμίαν, καί που σὺν αὐτοῖς τοῖς λόγοις ἐπηύξατο οὕτω διὰ τέλους τοὺς ἐναντίους βλέπειν ὥς εἰσιν ἄρτι πάντες ἐπτοημένοι. ὁ βάρβαρος δὲ πανταχοῦ κλονούμενος δεινόν τι τολμᾶν ἐκ βίας βουλεύεται· οἶδεν γὰρ ὡς τὰ πολλὰ καὶ περίστασις τὰ δεινὰ τίκτειν ἐκ δέους βουλεύματα. καὶ δὴ κατ' αὐτὸν τῆς ἀνάγκης τὸν χρόνον, ὥραν φυλάξας, ὡς ἔδοξεν, εὔθετον, ὅτε προκύψας ἐκ βάθους ἑωσφόρος πρόεισι λαμπρὸς ἄγγελος τῆς ἡμέρας, εἰς τρεῖς μὲν ἱστᾷ τὸν στρατὸν διαιρέσεις ἀντιπρόσωπα τῷ δοκεῖν τὰ τάγματα ταῖς σαῖς φάλαγξι σὺν δόλῳ ποιούμενος, τὴν ἐκλογὴν δὲ τοῦ στρατοῦ συναρμόσας ἔκρυψεν αὐτοὺς τῶν φαράγγων ἐν μέσῳ, ὅπως ἐκείνων ἐκραγέντων ἐκ βάθους ἀπροσδοκήτως καὶ παρ' ἐλπίδας φόβῳ μέρος τι τῶν σῶν συνταράξῃ ταγμάτων.","english":"For the preceding times of cowardice were persuading him that the armies of Persia would again prevail in battle. But these crooked counsels of deceit in between profited him nothing. For since his heart was moving unstably, his hopes were in revolt along with it; and the outcomes were everywhere contrary, and were wandering astray together with his reasonings. For when he saw the prevailing disaster of the barbarians and the cowardice among them that struck him with amazement, and saw bitter hopes beyond hope, he again set out in haste back toward us, and not keeping his word—finding your word ready—he was swiftly saved. Thus you welcome all who run and await those who do not run for salvation. That man accurately reported to us all the cowardice of the barbarians, and in those very words he prayed that he might see the enemy thus to the end as they all are now panic-stricken. But the barbarian, shaken everywhere, resolves by force to dare something terrible; for he knows that for the most part circumstance also gives birth to terrible counsels out of fear. And indeed at the very time of necessity, watching for a suitable hour, as it seemed, when the morning star, emerging from the deep, comes forth as the bright messenger of the day, he draws up the army in three divisions, making the ranks face our phalanxes in appearance, with deceit, and having assembled the picked part of the army, he hid them in the midst of the ravines, so that when those burst forth from the depth unexpectedly and beyond hope, by fear they might throw some part of your ranks into confusion.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":23,"ref":"p23","source":"τῶν γὰρ φθασάντων τῆς ἀτολμίας χρόνων εἰθισμένη τις ἐλπὶς αὐτὸν ἠπάτα, ὡς εἴπερ ἕν τι σοῦ στρατοῦ λυθῇ μέρος, τροπῆς ὄλισθος εἰς τὸ πᾶν διαδράμοι. ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀνευτρέπιστος ἀνθωπλίζετο τῆς σῆς ἑτοιμότητος ἡ στρατηγία. πρὶν ἢ γὰρ ἡ νὺξ τὴν μέσην τομὴν λάβοι, πάντας μὲν αὐτοῦ τοὺς κεκρυμμένους δόλους ταῖς σαῖς μερίμναις ἐξ ἔθους ἠπίστασο, τάξας δὲ θείως τὸν στρατὸν καὶ ῥυθμίσας πρὸς τὴν μάχην ἐξῆγες αὐτός, ἡνίκα τὸ φῶς ἀνίσχων τοὺς ἐναντίους πάλιν ὁ σεπτὸς αὐτοῖς ἐσκότιζεν ἥλιος. καὶ δὴ προπέμπεις εὐαρίθμητον μέρος τοῦ σοῦ στρατοῦ, κράτιστε, τούτους ὁπλίσας οὐ τοῖς ὅπλοις τοσοῦτον ὡς εὐβουλίαις. ἐπεὶ γὰρ ἐξήλαυνον ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην, τὸν πλαστὸν αὖθις σχηματίζονται φόβον ἐψευσμένως φεύγοντες. οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι, τῆς ἐκλογῆς ἐκεῖνο τὸ στερρὸν νέφος, ἐκ τῶν ἀδήλων ἐκπεσόντες αὐλάκων ἤλαυνον αὐτοὺς τῷ δοκεῖν πεφευγότας. αὐτὸς δὲ τούτοις ἀντεπεξάγεις τάχος τοὺς σοὺς ἀρίστους, καὶ παρ' ἐλπίδας τότε ἀπροσδοκήτῳ προσραγέντες συντάσει τὰ νῶτα τοῖς σοῖς οἰκέταις ἀπέστρεφον.","english":"For the hope that had grown accustomed from the earlier times of cowardice was deceiving him, that if even one part of your army were broken, the slippery slope of a rout would run through the whole. But the generalship of your readiness did not arm itself against him without resource. For before night could make its middle cut, you knew beforehand, as was your habit, all his hidden wiles through your own cares; and having ordered the army divinely and arranged it for battle, you led it out yourself, when the revered sun, rising, again darkened the enemy for them. And indeed you send forward a small, easily counted part of your army, O mightiest one, arming these not so much with weapons as with good counsel. For when they drove out as if to battle, they again fashioned a counterfeit fear, fleeing deceitfully. But the barbarians, that solid cloud of the picked force, having fallen out from the unseen trenches, drove them on as they seemed to have fled. But you yourself quickly led out your best men against them, and beyond expectation, then clashing with unexpected order, they turned their backs to your servants.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":24,"ref":"p24","source":"ὦ νοῦς διαρκὴς καὶ τομωτάτη φύσις καὶ πῦρ λογισμῶν ἐν βάθει διατρέχον· ὅμως τὸ πῦρ μὲν καὶ μελαίνει καὶ φλέγει, ὁ σὸς δὲ νοῦς, κράτιστε, λευκαίνει τὸ πᾶν θάλπει τε πάντας τῇ πυρώσει μὴ φλέγων. ὁ βάρβαρος δὲ τὸν κεκρυμμένον δόλον εὑρὼν ἑαυτῷ βόθρον ἐκ τοὐναντίου, ὅλους προπηδᾶν τοῖς τραπεῖσι συμμάχους ἐκ τῶν ἑαυτοῦ ταγμάτων ἐπέτρεπεν· ἐπεὶ δὲ καὐτοὺς εἶδεν ἐπτοημένους καὶ συντόμως πίπτοντας ἀσχέτῳ φόβῳ, πρῶτον μὲν αὑτοῦ δυσσεβεῖ τοὺς προστάτας καὶ θᾶττον ἠτίμωσε τοὺς τιμωμένους ὕδωρ κενώσας καὶ τὸ πῦρ κατασβέσας. καπνοῦ δὲ πολλὰς συγχύσεις ποιούμενος κλέπτει τὸ φεύγειν καὶ σχεδιάζει τὸν γνόφον, καὶ νύκτα ποιεῖ καινοτομῶν τὴν ἡμέραν· εὑρών τε κρημνοὺς καὶ στενὰς διεξόδους λοξάς τε πετρῶν ἐξοχὰς καὶ δυσβάτους, ὠθεῖ καλύψας τῷ γνόφῳ τὰ τάγματα καὶ τὰς ἐκείνων δυστυχεῖς συνοικίας πρὸς ἄκρον ὕψος καὶ κατάρροπον βάθος. ἐντεῦθεν αὐτοῖς συμφορῶν πολυτρόπων συμπτωμάτων τε καὶ φόνων καὶ κλασμάτων κίνδυνος ηὐτρέπιστο συντριβῆς γέμων. καί πού τις αὐτῶν ἐξ ἀνάγκης ηὔξατο ἐλθεῖν καθ' αὑτοῦ συντομώτερον ξίφος· ἄλλος δὲ νώτοις ἱππικοῖς ἐφιζάνων μετέωρος ἤρθη τῇ βίᾳ τοῦ σφίγματος· πολλοῖς δὲ τεῖχος τὰς καμηλείους τότε πλευρὰς κατεσκεύαζεν ἡ περίστασις· κρημνούς τε πάντες ἀγρίων αἰγῶν δίκην φυγῆς ἀνεξίχνευον ἐκπηδήματα. ἡ σὴ δὲ πᾶσα τοῦ στρατοῦ συνοικία βλέποντες εὐφραίνοντο τῇ θείᾳ κρίσει τὰ τῆς παραδόξου θαύματα στρατηγίας· βολὴ γὰρ οὐκ ἦν ἐπτερωμένου βέλους","english":"O mind unfailing and most keen nature, and fire of reason running through the depths: yet fire both blackens and burns, but your mind, most mighty one, whitens everything and warms all by its burning without scorching. But the barbarian, having found the hidden guile to be a pit for himself, contrariwise permitted whole companies of allies from his own ranks to leap forward against those who had turned to flight; but when he saw that they too were panic-stricken and falling swiftly in uncontrollable fear, he first treated his commanders with impiety and more quickly dishonored those held in honor, having drained the water and quenched the fire. And making many confusions of smoke, he steals the flight and improvises the darkness, and by innovating makes the day night; and having found cliffs and narrow winding passages and slanting crags and hard-to-traverse places, he drives them on, having covered his battalions with the darkness, and their wretched settlements toward the utmost height and the downward-steep depth. From there the danger of manifold calamities and falls and slaughters and breakings was prepared for them, full of crushing. And where one of them out of necessity prayed that a shorter sword might come against himself; another, seated on a horse's back, was lifted on high by the force of the grip; and for many the circumstance then made a wall of camel flanks; and all, like wild goats, tracked out leaps of cliffs for flight. But all the encampment of your army, seeing these wonders of the paradoxical generalship, rejoiced at the divine judgment; for there was no cast of a feathered arrow","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":25,"ref":"p25","source":"ἐν τῇ μεταξὺ τῶν στρατῶν διαστάσει, καὶ πᾶς τις ἡμῶν εὐκόλως ἀπέβλεπε πρὸς τὰς ἐπάλξεις τῶν φαράγγων τὰς νόθους, ἐν αἷς τὸ πλῆθος ἐκχυθέντων βαρβάρων πυκνῶς ἐνεστρέφοντο μὴ κινούμενοι. ἀλλ' οἱ μὲν ἦσαν ἐν τοσαύτῃ φροντίδων ζάλῃ διαρρέοντες ὡς τὰ κύματα, ἃ ταῖς ἑαυτῶν ἐκδρομαῖς ὠθούμενα τὰ μὲν πρὸς ὕψος ἐκ βάθους ἀνέρχεται, τὰ δὲ προπίπτει καὶ πάλιν κοιλαίνεται· οὕτως ἐκείνων τῶν ἀτάκτων ταγμάτων ἐν τοῖς ἀνύδροις κυματουμένων λίθοις, τὰ μὲν πρὸς ὕψος ἐκ βάθους ἀνήρχετο, τὰ δὲ πρὸς αὐτὰ τῶν κάτω τὰ τέρματα πίπτοντα πυκνὰς συγχύσεις εἰργάζετο.\n\nοὕτως ἕκαστος ἀφρόνως ἐδυστύχει, ὁ δὲ προπίπτων ἦν ἐπίφθονος μόνον· πᾶς γὰρ παρ' αὐτοῖς εὐτυχὴς ἐκρίνετο ὃς πρὸς τὸ θνῄσκειν εὑρέθη τομώτερος. ἡμῖν δὲ πᾶσα καὶ γαλήνη καὶ χάρις, τέρψις δὲ μᾶλλον ἢ φόβος προσήρχετο· καὶ πᾶς πρὸς ὕψος τῷ Θεῷ τῶν κτισμάτων τὰς χεῖρας ἐξέτεινε σὺν τῇ καρδίᾳ καὶ τῷ στρατηγῷ συντόνως ἐπηύχετο. πάντες γὰρ οἱ πρὶν μηδὲ Περσικὴν κόνιν ἰδεῖν στέγοντες οὐδὲ τὰς σκηνὰς τότε καθεῖλον, ἀλλ' ἕκαστος ἣν εἶχε σκέπην οὕτως ἀφῆκεν ὥσπερ ἦν πεπηγμένη· τοὺς βαρβάρους δὲ πάντας ἐκλόνει φόβος, ἐντεῦθεν οὔτε φόρτον ἐκ κτήνους τότε καθεῖλεν οὐδείς, οὔτε μὴν τὴν γαστέρα τροφῆς ἀνεπλήρωσεν, οὔτε τις γόνυ κλίνας ἐλαφροὺς τοὺς πόνους εἰργάζετο, ἀλλ' εἰς παρεξόδους τε καὶ πλανωμένας τρίβους ἑαυτοὺς ἐμβαλόντες ἐν φόβῳ ἔκριναν εἶναι τὴν φυγὴν σωτηρίαν.","english":"In the space between the armies, each of us easily looked toward the false ramparts of the ravines, in which the multitude of barbarians, having poured out, was densely turning about without moving. But they were in such a surge of cares, flowing away like waves, which, driven by their own outrushing, some rise from the depth to the height, and some fall forward and again are hollowed out; so of those disorderly ranks, wave-tossed among the waterless rocks, some rose from the depth to the height, and some, falling down to the very limits of those below, produced dense confusions.\n\nThus each one foolishly fared ill, and the one who fell forward was only envied; for among them every man was judged fortunate who was found quicker toward dying. But to us came all calm and grace, and delight rather than fear; and each stretched out his hands on high to God with his heart for the creatures, and earnestly prayed with the general. For all those who before could not endure even to see Persian dust did not then strike their tents, but each left the shelter he had just as it had been pitched; and fear shook all the barbarians, so that from that moment no one unloaded a burden from a beast, nor indeed filled his belly with food, nor, bending the knee, made his toils light, but casting themselves into byways and wandering paths, in fear they judged flight to be safety.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":26,"ref":"p26","source":"οὕτω τὰ πολλὰ καὶ ξένα γνωρίσματα πρὸς τοὺς φθάσαντας ἀντιμετρήσας χρόνους θείαν ἀπηκρίβωσε τὴν στρατηγίαν. τίς γὰρ τὸ Περσῶν δυσμαχώτατον γένος ἤλπιζε δοῦναι νῶτα Ῥωμαίων ξίφει; τίς ἐν τοσαύταις συμφορῶν τρικυμίαις ἤλπιζεν εὑρεῖν καὶ γαλήνην ἐν μέσῳ; τίς ἐν τοσαύτῃ τῶν ἀναγκαίων σπάνει τροφῆς μετασχεῖν τὰς πόλεις ἐπείθετο, εἰ μὴ δι' ὑμῶν τοὺς ἀλάστορας πάλιν ἐκ τῆς καθ' ἡμᾶς γείτονος παροικίας μακρὰν ὁ πάντων ἤλασε Ζυγοστάτης; ἀλλ' ὡς τοσαύτῃ συγχύσει μεμιγμένοι ἀπεῖπον ἤδη τὴν μάχην οἱ βάρβαροι, σὺ μέν, κράτιστεκαὶ γὰρ ἤθελες μένειν τῶν σῶν λογισμῶν πρὸς πόνους πυρουμένων, πολλὰς ἀφορμὰς εὐλόγους ἀνεπλάσω θέλων συνεῖναι τῷ στρατῷ καὶ συντρέχειν· ἐπεὶ δὲ καὐτὰ τὰ πρὸς ἑσπέραν γένη ἄσπονδον εἶχεν ἐξ ἔθους ὑποψίαν, αὖθίς τε καινῶν φροντίδων κινουμένων τῆς σῆς ἔχρῃζεν ἡ Πόλις παρουσίας, ὁ δὲ στρατός σου τοῦτο πράττειν εἰς δέον ἐδεῖτο πολλὰ καὶ θέλων καὶ δακρύων καὶ τῇ Πόλει γὰρ συμπαθεῖν ἠπείγετο καὶ σοῦ στερεῖσθαι ζημίαν ὡρίζετο, πείθει τὸ λοιπόν· οὐ γὰρ οὕτως εὐκόλως λαβεῖν τι τερπνὸν ἄλλος εὐτρεπίζεται, ὡς θᾶττον αὐτὸς εὐτρεπίζῃ πρὸς πόνους.","english":"Thus, having measured the many and strange signs against the times that had gone before, he brought his generalship to divine perfection. For who hoped that the most battle-hardened race of the Persians would turn its back to the Roman sword? Who, amid such great waves of calamities, hoped to find even a calm in the midst of them? Who, in such scarcity of necessary food, was persuaded that the cities would have a share, unless through you the All-Ruler had again driven the avenging spirits far away from the neighboring settlement among us? But when the barbarians, entangled in such great confusion, had already given up the battle, you, most mighty one—for you wished to remain, your thoughts being inflamed toward toils, and you fashioned many reasonable pretexts, wishing to be with the army and to run along with it—but since even the peoples toward the west had from custom an implacable suspicion, and since new concerns were again being stirred up, the City needed your presence, and your army needed you to do this at the proper time, many things both willing and weeping—for it was eager to sympathize with the City and reckoned deprivation of you a loss—he persuades you for the rest; for no one else is so readily prepared to take hold of something pleasant, as you yourself are the more quickly prepared for toils.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":27,"ref":"p27","source":"οἷος δὲ πιστὸς ἀρχιποίμενος τρόπος ἐκ τῶν πονηρῶν ἁρπάγων τε θηρίων κυκλωθὲν αὑτοῦ προσβλέπων τὸ ποίμνιον ἀμηχανεῖ μὲν πῇ τραπῇ πρὸς τὴν μάχην, ὅμως δὲ κάμνει πανταχοῦ διατρέχων, εἴ πως παρ' αὐτῶν ἁρπάσοι τὸ ποίμνιον, οὕτω τὸ πιστὸν τῆς λογικῆς ποίμνης γένος ἀμηχανεῖς μὲν προσβλέπων ἑκάστοτε ἐκ τῶν ἀπίστων θηρίων κυκλούμενον, ὅμως δὲ κάμνεις καὶ περιτρέχεις ἀεὶ ἐκεῖθεν ἔνθεν πανταχοῦ πονούμενος, βάλλων, διώκων, ἐκτρέχων, ὑποστρέφων, εἴ πως ἑαυτὸν ἀντίλυτρον εἰσάγων ἐλευθερώσεις αἱμάτων τὸ ποίμνιον.\n\nὅθεν τυπώσας πάντα σώφρονι τρόπῳ καὶ τῷ στρατηγῷ τὸν στρατὸν συναρμόσας καὶ τῷ Θεῷ δοὺς τὰς ἐπ' αὐτοῖς ἐλπίδας, πάλιν πρὸς αὐτὴν τὴν Πόλιν σου συντόνως τοσαῦτα πράξας καὶ κατορθώσας τρέχεις. οὐ γὰρ μονήρεις τοὺς ἀγῶνας τῆς μάχης, ψυχὴν δὲ τὴν σὴν συγκατώρθωσας πλέον· αὐτὸς γὰρ ἡμῖν ἐξαριθμῶν πολλάκις τοῦ σοῦ βίου τὸ μέτρον, ἐτράνους ὅτι «βιοὺς χρόνον τοσοῦτον ἐν ῥαθυμίᾳ ἔζησα ταύτας τῷ Θεῷ τὰς ἡμέρας». καὶ τοῦτο δῆλον· οὐδὲ γὰρ καλύμματι ψεύδους προσήκει τὴν ἀλήθειαν σκέπειν. νῦν γὰρ τὰ Περσῶν τῆς πλάνης μυστήρια γυμνὰ πρόεισιν· ἄρτι τῆς κεκρυμμένης ὕδρας παρ' αὐτοῖς ἡ πολυκέφαλος πλάνη ἕνα προτείνειν ἀξιοῖ τὸν αὐχένα, ὃν νῦν βλέποντες εἰς ἄγαν θαυμάζομεν Ἡρακλέος τυχόντα καὶ σεσωσμένον. οἶμαι δέ, καὐτὸν αἰχμάλωτον ἐν τάχει ὄψει","english":"Just like the faithful manner of a chief shepherd, who, looking upon his flock surrounded by savage and ravening beasts, is at a loss which way to turn for the battle, yet toils running everywhere, if perhaps he might snatch the flock from them—so you, looking each time upon the faithful race of the rational flock encircled by faithless beasts, are at a loss, yet you toil and run around always, laboring everywhere from this side and that, striking, pursuing, charging out, turning back, if perhaps by offering yourself as a ransom you might set the flock free from bloodshed.\n\nTherefore, having ordered all things in a prudent manner and fitted the army to its general and given to God the hopes concerning them, you run with intensity back to your City itself, having accomplished and set right so many things. For you did not set right the struggles of battle alone, but your soul as well, and more besides; for you yourself, often reckoning up the measure of your life, declared plainly: \"Having lived so long a time in ease, I have lived these days for God.\" And this is clear; for it does not befit truth to be covered with a veil of falsehood. For now the mysteries of the Persians' error come forth naked; now the many-headed error of the hidden hydra among them deigns to put forth one neck, which, seeing now, we marvel exceedingly that it has met with its Heracles and been brought to safety. And I think that you will soon see it captive as well.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":28,"ref":"p28","source":"δεθέντα τὸν δράκοντα Χοσρόην· εἰ μὴ λάβοι τις τῆς δίκης ὑπουργίαν ὡς εἴπερ ὑμῖν ἐκδοθῇ, τὰς ἀξίας λάθοι παρελθὼν ἐν βραχεῖ τιμωρίας. καί μοι λογισμῶν πολλάκις κινουμένων αὐτὸς κατ' ἐμαυτὸν συλλαβὼν ἔφην τάδε· εἰ τὰς ἐν ἄστροις ὁ Πτολεμαῖος ἐκβάσεις καὶ πρὸς τὸ μέλλον εἶχεν ἠκριβωμένας, πῶς οὐ προεξήγγειλεν οἷον ἡ φύσις ἐπ' ἐσχάτων μέλλει σε φωσφόρον βλέπειν; ἀλλ' εἴπερ ἦν ἐκεῖνος εἰκότως ἄρα τῆς γῆς ὑπερβαίνοντα τοὺς ὅρους βλέπων, ὕμνει σὲ μᾶλλον τοῖς μεταρσίοις λόγοις· τῆς ἐκδρομῆς δέ, καὶ πλέον τῶν ἀστέρων, ἐν σοὶ τὰ πολλὰ προσβλέπων κινήματα, τὴν σὴν ἀεικίνητον ὕμνησε φρένα, ἄλλον νεουργηθέντα τοῖς κάτω πόλον τὸν νοῦν τὸν ἐν σοὶ τῷ ξένῳ μαθὼν λόγῳ. ταῦτα, στρατηγὲ τῶν σοφῶν βουλευμάτων, ἐν ταῖς ἀκάνθαις τῆς μάχης πεπλεγμένα εὑρὼν τὰ θεῖα τῶν πόνων τῶν σῶν ῥόδα, ἄνθη τε πολλὰ ψυχικῶν ἀρωμάτων τῶν σῶν λογισμῶν συναγαγὼν τὰ σπέρματα, σοὶ τόνδε πλεκτὸν στέφανον ἐξ ἀκηράτου λειμῶνος ἄρτι τῆς ἀληθείας φέρω. ὅμως δὲ μικρῷ καὶ βραδυδρόμῳ σκάφει τὴν σὴν θάλατταν ἐκπερᾶν εἰθισμένος ἥμαρτον οὐδὲν μὴ διαπλεύσας ὅλην· ὅρος γὰρ εἰς ἄπειρον οὐχ ὁρίζεται. ἀλλ', ὦ Στρατηγὲ τῶν ἄνω καὶ τῶν κάτω τῷ γὰρ λόγῳ σου πᾶς ὑφίσταται λόγος καὶ πάντα τῷ σῷ συντρέχει θελήματι· σὺ τὴν ἄβυσσον ἀσφαλίζῃ τῷ κράτει, ποιεῖς δὲ τὴν γῆν ἐν μέσῳ μετάρσιον· τοὺς οὐρανοὺς δὲ πάντας ἁψῖδος δίκην τῷ σῷ κατειλεῖς, ὡς θέλεις, προστάγματι·","english":"...that Khosrow the dragon was bound; unless someone should receive the service of justice, so that if he were handed over to you, he might escape his deserved punishments by passing through them in a brief moment. And as my thoughts were often stirred, I myself, having gathered them up in my own mind, spoke these words: If Ptolemy had his predictions in the stars and had them accurately worked out toward the future, why did he not foretell beforehand what sort of light-bringer nature at the last is about to see in you? But if that man, seeing you reasonably enough crossing beyond the boundaries of the earth, was hymning you rather with lofty words—and, looking upon the many motions in you, beyond the stars, he hymned your ever-moving mind, learning by your strange word that the mind in you is another newly-made pole for those below—these things, O general of wise counsels, having found the divine roses of your labors entangled in the thorns of battle, and having gathered the seeds of your thoughts, the many flowers of spiritual fragrances, I bring to you this woven crown now from the undefiled meadow of truth. Nevertheless, accustomed to cross your sea in a small and slow-moving skiff, I have erred in no way by not sailing across the whole; for a boundary is not defined for the infinite. But, O General of things above and things below—for by your word every word subsists, and all things run together with your will—you secure the abyss by your might, and you make the earth suspended in the midst; and all the heavens, like a vault, you roll up at your command, as you wish.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":29,"ref":"p29","source":"σοὶ πᾶσα δούλη τῶν ὁρωμένων φύσις καὶ τῶν ὑπὲρ νοῦν πᾶσα σύνδουλος κτίσις, αὐτός, κράτιστε τῶν ὅλων παντοκράτορ καὶ τῶν καθ' ἡμᾶς πραγμάτων διαιρέτα καὶ γὰρ διαιρεῖς πᾶσιν, ὡς θέλεις, μόνος τὰς σὰς ἐνεργεῖς τῶν χαρισμάτων δόσεις, τὰς εἰς σὲ συμπλήρωσον ἡμῶν ἐλπίδας· ἐν σοὶ γὰρ οὐκ ἔνεστιν ἐλλιπὴς χάρις· ἴθυνον αὐτὸς τὸν σόν, ὡς ἐπίστασαι, ὑποστράτηγον πάντα πράττειν, ὡς θέλεις· ποίησον αὐτὸν πιστὸν ἀσπιδηφόρον τῶν εὐσεβῶν σου πανταχοῦ προσταγμάτων. σὺ δεῖξον αὐτὸν τοῖς ἐναντίοις φόβον, καὶ πᾶς τις ἀλλόφυλος εἰς αἷμα τρέχων τούτῳ προκάμψει σὺν τρόμῳ τὸν αὐχένα· ποίησον αὐτῷ τῶν φθασάντων πταισμάτων ἱδρῶτας, οὓς ἔσταξεν, εἰς καθάρσιον· λάβοι κατ' ἐχθρῶν διττὰ νικητήρια, στήσοι τρόπαια καὶ παθῶν καὶ βαρβάρων· πλήρωσον αὐτόν, ὡς ἐπίστασαι μόνος, τῆς εἰς σὲ θερμότητος, ὡς τὸν Ἠλίαν, ὃς ἐκπυρώσας πρὸς σὲ νοῦν καὶ καρδίαν πυρὶ πρὸς ὕψος εἰκότως ἡρπάζετο· καὶ δεῖξον αὐτὸν πᾶσι Μωσέα νέον ἐν τῇ κατ' ἐχθρῶν εὐσεβεῖ πανοπλίᾳ τὸν σταυρὸν ἐκτείνοντα τῶν χειρῶν πλέον, Μωσῆν ἐκεῖνον ὃς βάτον καὶ πῦρ βλέπων τὴν σὴν ἀπηκρίβωσεν ἐν βάτῳ φλόγα καὶ τὴν βάτον μένουσαν οὐ πεφλεγμένην· Μωσῆν ὃς ὤφθη σαρκὶ σοὶ μόνῳ μόνος καὶ σαρκικῇ σε προσβλέπει θεωρίᾳ τάχα προδεικνὺς καὶ Θεὸν σαρκούμενον· κἀντεῦθεν, οἶμαι, συλλαλεῖ σοι καὶ τότε, ᾧ συλλαλεῖν ἔμελλε καὶ σαρκουμένῳ. τοιοῦτον αὐτὸν καὶ τροπαιοῦχον μέγαν καὶ σὸν στρατηγόν, ὡς θέλεις, διάπλασον. συνευλόγησον τῷ σπορεῖ τὰ σπέρματα καὶ δὸς τὸ θεῖον τοῦδε τοῦ σπόρου γένος κρατεῖν τὰ Ῥώμης εἰς τέλος γεώργια.","english":"To you all the visible nature is a slave, and all creation beyond understanding is a fellow slave, you yourself, O mightiest, almighty over all things, and dispenser of our affairs—for you alone dispense to all, as you will, the gifts of your graces by your workings—fulfill our hopes in you; for in you grace is not found lacking. Guide your subordinate commander himself, as you know, to do all things as you will; make him a faithful shield-bearer of your pious commands everywhere. Show him a terror to his enemies, and every foreigner rushing to bloodshed shall bow his neck to him with trembling. Make for him the sweat of his former offenses, which he shed, a means of purification; may he receive twofold victories over his enemies, may he set up trophies both over his passions and over the barbarians. Fill him, as you alone know how, with the warmth toward you, like Elijah, who, having set his mind and heart ablaze toward you, was rightly caught up on high by fire. And show him to all as a new Moses in the pious panoply against enemies, stretching out the cross of his hands more than that Moses who, seeing the bush and the fire, accurately discerned your flame in the bush and the bush remaining unburned; Moses who was seen in the flesh by you alone, alone, and with fleshly sight beholds you, perhaps prefiguring also God becoming flesh; and from this, I think, he then converses with you, with whom he was to converse even when you became flesh. Fashion him as such, both a great trophy-bearer and your general, as you will. Bless the seeds together with the sower, and grant that the divine race of this seed may hold the fields of Rome to the end.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":30,"ref":"p30","source":"τύπωσον αὐτοῖς πατρικῶν μορφωμάτων τὰς εὐπροσώπους ὡς ἀληθῶς εἰκόνας, ὅπως ἔσοιντο πατρὸς εἰκονίσματα, κάτοπτρα πιστὰ πατρικῶν γνωρισμάτων, τὸν νοῦν τέλειοι, τοὺς τρόπους ἐλεύθεροι, πραεῖς τὸ πνεῦμα, συμπαθεῖς τὴν καρδίαν, ἡμῖν προσηνεῖς καὶ κατ' ἐχθρῶν ὀργίλοι, ἐχθρῶν σεβόντων τοὺς θεοὺς τοὺς προσφάτους, χεῖρας νέμοντες εὐσεβῶς ἡπλωμένας, ἐσταλμένας δὲ πρὸς τὸ λῆμμα τῆς πλάνης, πόδας πρὸς αἷμα μηδαμῶς κινουμένους, εἰς δ' αὖ τὸ σῴζειν πανταχοῦ ταχυδρόμους. φύλαξον αὐτῶν τὰς νοητὰς εἰσόδους καὶ δυσβάτους ποίησον αὐτὰς τῷ φθόνῳ, ὃς τῇ καθ' ἡμᾶς ἀντιπίπτων οὐσίᾳ εἴδους μέν ἐστι καὶ γένους ἀλλότριος, ὅλως δὲ μηδὲν εἰς ὑπόστασιν φέρων δάκνειν νομίζει τὴν ὅλων ὑπόστασιν, φίλους διαιρῶν καὶ μερίζων τὴν σχέσιν, ἔχθραις ἀδελφῶν τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς συμπλέκων καὶ τὴν ἀδελφὴν ἐκτρέφων ὑπόκρισιν. ὡς Σκύλλα καὶ Χάρυβδις ἠγριωμένη ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃ τοῦ βίου περιτρέχει, καὶ τοῖς ὀδοῦσιν οὐκ Ὀδυσσέως μόνον, πάσης δὲ σαρκὸς ἀγρίως καθάπτεται.","english":"Imprint on them the fair-formed, truly likenesses of the Father's shapes, so that they may be images of the Father, faithful mirrors of the Father's marks, perfect in mind, free in their ways, gentle in spirit, compassionate in heart, kind to us and wrathful against enemies—enemies who revere the gods newly made—bestowing hands piously outstretched but drawn back from the seizure of error, feet in no way stirred toward blood, but swift-running everywhere to save. Guard their noetic entrances and make them hard to traverse for envy, which, opposing our nature, is alien in form and kind, and bringing nothing at all into subsistence, thinks it bites the subsistence of all things, dividing friends and splitting kinship, entwining brothers with brothers in enmities and nurturing the sister hypocrisy. Like Scylla and Charybdis it runs wild, raging in the sea of life, and with its teeth it savagely fastens not on Odysseus alone but on all flesh.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]},{"i":31,"ref":"p31","source":"φύλαττε, Χριστέ, τοῦ βασιλέως τοὺς κλάδους ἐκ τῆς τοσαύτης τοῦ φθόνου κακουργίας, φρούρησον αὐτοὺς τῇ μετ' εἰρήνης σκέπῃ μνήμην ἔχοντας πατρικῶν διδαγμάτων, μνήμην διαρκῆ, καίγε καὶ πλείστης ὅτε χρῄζουσιν αὐτῆς εἰς δέον τὰ πράγματα.","english":"Guard, O Christ, the branches of the emperor from the great malice of envy; protect them with the shelter of peace, that they may keep remembrance of their father's teachings, a remembrance sufficient, and indeed most needed when circumstances require it.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[],"ambiguities":[],"confidence":"","notes":[]}]}