{"slug":"kbb","id":"georgian:titus:kbb","title":"Catholic letters","author":"Anonymous","genre":"bible","date":"","tradition":"georgian","coverage":"biblical-version","coverage_claim":{"status":"biblical-version","text":"This is a version of a biblical text. English Bibles exist; an English translation of this particular version was not searched for."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:59:35Z","cost_usd":0.002071},"source":{"registry_id":"georgian:titus:kbb","work_id":"kbb","edition":"titus","language":"","license":"This text is part of the TITUS edition of Epistolae Catholicae (B). Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 12.12.2008. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder.","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/kb/kbb/kbb.htm"},"stats":{"passages":3,"english_words":547,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":18,"commentary_kinds":8,"derived_notes":3,"ambiguities":5,"work_notes":4,"external_links":0,"timeline":6},"summary":{"work":"kbb","abstract":"The Old Georgian translation of the Catholic Epistles (James, 1–2 Peter, 1–3 John, Jude) survives in early manuscripts such as the Oshki and Gelati Bibles (10th–11th centuries). Traditionally associated with the 5th–6th-century Georgian translation movement, the text reflects multiple recensions and a complex transmission history. The epistles were read liturgically as part of the Apostolos lectionary, which influenced their textual stability and canonical acceptance. This edition selectively notes variant readings without a full critical apparatus.","historical_context":"The Georgian translation of the Catholic Epistles is traditionally linked to the 5th–6th centuries, when Georgian monastic and scholarly activity, especially in Palestine and the Caucasus, produced early biblical translations. The earliest extant manuscripts, however, date from the 10th–11th centuries (e.g., Oshki Bible, Gelati Bible), making precise dating uncertain. The translation likely originated in Georgian monastic communities under Byzantine and Syriac influence. The Catholic Epistles were part of the Apostolos lectionary, used in the liturgy of the Georgian Church, which contributed to their textual stability. The transmission history shows multiple recensions, reflecting revisions and local adaptations. The text was copied in Georgian script, with occasional marginal notes and variant readings.","significance":"The Old Georgian Catholic Epistles are crucial for understanding the early reception of these New Testament writings in the Caucasus and the development of the Georgian biblical tradition. They preserve readings that may reflect early Byzantine or Syriac textual traditions, offering insights into the transmission of the Catholic Epistles in Eastern Christianity. The liturgical use of these epistles in the Georgian Church underscores their canonical authority and theological importance.","timeline":[{"date":"5th–6th c.","event":"Traditional date of the Georgian translation of the Catholic Epistles, associated with early Georgian monastic activity."},{"date":"10th–11th c.","event":"Earliest extant manuscripts of the Old Georgian Catholic Epistles, including the Oshki and Gelati Bibles."},{"date":"10th–11th c.","event":"The Oshki Bible (Oshki Gospels) is produced, containing the Catholic Epistles among other books."},{"date":"11th c.","event":"The Gelati Bible is copied, another major witness to the Old Georgian text of the Catholic Epistles."},{"date":"Medieval period","event":"The Catholic Epistles are used liturgically in the Georgian Apostolos lectionary, influencing textual stability."},{"date":"Modern period","event":"Scholarly editions of the Old Georgian Catholic Epistles are published, with selective variant readings noted."}],"relations":[{"work":"Oshki Bible","relation":"contains the Old Georgian text of the Catholic Epistles","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Gelati Bible","relation":"another early manuscript witness to the Catholic Epistles","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Apostolos lectionary","relation":"liturgical context for the Catholic Epistles in the Georgian Church","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Greek Catholic Epistles","relation":"source text for the Georgian translation","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Syriac Peshitta","relation":"possible influence on the Georgian translation tradition","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[],"cautions":["The traditional dating to the 5th–6th centuries is uncertain; the earliest manuscripts are from the 10th–11th centuries.","The translation's exact provenance and the number of recensions are debated among scholars.","This edition does not provide a full critical apparatus; variant readings are selectively noted, limiting textual analysis."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000481,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:20:12Z"},"checks":{"work":"kbb","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":3,"translated":3,"commentary_passages":3,"commentary_units":18,"english_words":547,"source_letters":2373,"commentary_kinds":8},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Old Georgian text of the Catholic Epistles survives in several early manuscripts, including the Oshki and Gelati Bibles, reflecting a complex transmission history with multiple recensions.","cites":[{"key":"ed:kbb","label":"source edition: Catholic letters","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/kb/kbb/kbb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Georgian translation of the Catholic Epistles is traditionally associated with the 5th–6th centuries, but the earliest extant manuscripts date from the 10th–11th centuries, making precise dating uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"ed:kbb","label":"source edition: Catholic letters","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/kb/kbb/kbb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"In the Georgian Church, the Catholic Epistles were read liturgically as part of the Apostolos lectionary, influencing their textual stability and canonical acceptance.","cites":[{"key":"ed:kbb","label":"source edition: Catholic letters","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/kb/kbb/kbb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"This edition does not provide a full critical apparatus or collation of all known Georgian manuscripts; variant readings are selectively noted.","cites":[{"key":"ed:kbb","label":"source edition: Catholic letters","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/kb/kbb/kbb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"caution","text":"This is a version of a biblical text. English Bibles exist; an English translation of this particular version was not searched for."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: bible in Old Georgian; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 3 narrative."},{"kind":"caution","severity":"caution","text":"3 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: titus — This text is part of the TITUS edition of Epistolae Catholicae (B). Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 12.12.2008. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder."}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":3},"term_index":[],"citations":{"ed:kbb":{"label":"source edition: Catholic letters","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/kb/kbb/kbb.htm"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"საკითხავი იაკობისი კათოლიკეჲ\n\nიაკობ, ღმრთისაჲ და უფლისა იესუ ქრისტჱს მონაჲ, ათორმეტთა ნათესავთა მიმოდათესულთა, - გიხაროდენ! ყოველივე სიხარულად შეჰრაცხეთ, ძმანო ჩემნო, რაჟამს განსაცდელსა შესცჳვეთ პირად-პირადსა; უწყოდეთ, რამეთუ გამოცდილებაჲ ეგე თქუენი სარწმუნოებისაჲ შეიქმს მოთმინებასა, ხოლო მოთმინებასა მას [ს]აქმჱ სრული აქუნდინ, რაჲთა იყვნენ სრულ და ყოვლად ცოცხალ და არარაჲთ ნაკლულევან. უკუეთუ ვინმე თქუენგანი ნაკლულევან არს სიბრძნითა, ითხოვენ მისგან, რომელმან მოსცის ყოველთა, ღმერთმან, უსასყიდლოდ და არავის აყუედრის, და მოსცეს მას. ითხოვდინ ხოლო სარწმუნოებით და ნუ ორგულებით, ხოლო რომელი-იგი ორგულობდეს, მსგავს არს იგი ღელვათა ზღჳსასა, ქარითა აღძრულთა და მიმოტაცებულთა. ნუ ჰგონებნ კაცი იგი მოღებად რაჲსმე უფლისაგან. კაცი ორგული დაუდგრომელ არს ყოველთა გზათა მისთა. იქადოდენ ძმაჲ იგი მდაბალი ამაღლებასა თჳსსა, ხოლო მდიდარი იგი - დამდაბ[ლება]სა თჳსსა, რამეთუ ვითარცა [ყუა]ვილი თივისაჲ, ეგრე [წარ]ჴდეს. გამობრწყ[ინდა მზჱ] სიცხითა თჳსითა [და განაჴ]მო თივაჲ იგი და ყუ[ავი]ლი მისი დასცუივა და შუენიერებაჲ პირისა მისისაჲ წარწყმდა. ეგრეცა მ[დიდ]არი იგი სლვასა შინა თ[ჳს]სა დაჭნეს.","english":"The Catholic Epistle of James\n\nJames, servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ, to the twelve tribes dispersed abroad: Rejoice! Reckon all things as joy, my brothers, when you fall into various trials each in your own way. Know that this testing of your faith becomes patience, and that patience should have a perfect work, so that you may be perfect and wholly alive and lacking in nothing. If any one of you is lacking in wisdom, let him ask of Him who gives to all, God, freely and without grudging, and He will give to him. Let him ask, however, with faith and not with duplicity, for he who is duplicitous is like the waves of the sea, stirred up by the wind and tossed to and fro. Let not that man think to receive anything from the Lord. A duplicitous man is unsteady in all his ways. Let the lowly brother boast in his exaltation, and the rich brother in his humiliation, for like a flower of grass, so it passes away. The sun blazed forth with its heat and withered that grass, and its flower fell off, and the beauty of its face perished. So also that rich man, in his own course, became entangled.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"საკითხავი იაკობისი კათოლიკეჲ","severity":"info","text":"The heading 'The Catholic Epistle of James' follows the Greek and Latin tradition of naming this letter as 'catholic' (general), addressed to a broad audience.","cites":[{"key":"ed:kbb","label":"source edition: Catholic letters","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/kb/kbb/kbb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ათორმეტთა ნათესავთა მიმოდათესულთა","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'to the twelve tribes dispersed abroad' echoes the Jewish diaspora and the early Christian self-understanding as a new Israel scattered among the nations.","cites":[{"key":"ed:kbb","label":"source edition: Catholic letters","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/kb/kbb/kbb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"გამოცდილებაჲ ეგე თქუენი სარწმუნოებისაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The testing of faith producing patience recalls James 1:3, where 'the testing of your faith produces patience' is a key theme in the epistle.","cites":[{"key":"ed:kbb","label":"source edition: Catholic letters","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/kb/kbb/kbb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"უსასყიდლოდ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'freely' (without payment) reflects the early Christian emphasis on God's gratuitous gift of wisdom, contrasting with pagan philosophical teachers who charged fees.","cites":[{"key":"ed:kbb","label":"source edition: Catholic letters","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/kb/kbb/kbb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"გამობრწყ[ინდა მზჱ]","severity":"caution","text":"The text is damaged here; the reconstruction 'the sun blazed forth' is plausible but uncertain. The lacuna affects the simile of the rich man's humiliation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:kbb","label":"source edition: Catholic letters","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/kb/kbb/kbb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ყუ[ავი]ლი თივისაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The image of a flower of grass that withers parallels Isaiah 40:6-8 and 1 Peter 1:24, emphasizing the transience of earthly pride.","cites":[{"key":"ed:kbb","label":"source edition: Catholic letters","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/kb/kbb/kbb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The exact wording of the lacuna in the simile of the sun and grass is uncertain; the reconstruction follows the English draft but the original may differ.","The phrase 'ათორმეტთა ნათესავთა' could be interpreted as a literal address to the twelve tribes of Israel or as a symbolic reference to the Christian diaspora."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"ნეტარ ა[რს კაცისაჲ მის, რომელმან დაუთმოს განსაცდელსა, რამეთუ გამოცდილ იქმნის და მოიღი]ს გჳრგ[ჳნი იგი ცხორებისაჲ], რომელი აღუ[თქუა ღმერთმან მოყ]უარეთა [მისთა]. რომელი-იგი განიცადებოდის, ნუ იტყჳნ, ვითარმედ ღმრთისა მიერ განვიცადები, რამეთუ ღმერთი გამოუცდელ არს ბოროტითა და არავის გამოსცდის იგი. არამედ კაცად-კაცადი განიცადების თჳსისაგან გულის თქუმისა, მიიზიდვის და იიძულების*. მერმე გულის თქუმაჲ იგი მიუდგის და შვის ცოდვაჲ და ცოდვაჲ იგი სრულ იქმნის და უშვის მას სიკუდილი. ნუ სცთებით, ძმანო ჩემნო საყუარელნო! ყოველივე მოცემული კეთილი და ყოველივე ნიჭი სრული ზეგარდამოსრულ არს მამისაგან ნათლისაჲსა, რომლისა თანა არა არს ცვალება, გინა თუ ქცევისა აჩრდილის შეცოდება. ნებითა თჳსითა მშვნა ჩუენ სიტყჳთა ჭეშმარიტებისაჲთა, რაჲთა ვიყვნეთ ჩუენ დასაბამ რაჲმე მისთა დაბადებულთა. უწყოდეთ, ძმანო ჩემნო საყუარელნო, აწ უკუე: იყავნ ყოველი [კ]აცი მოსწრაფე სმენად და მძიმე სიტყუად და მძიმე გულის წყრომად. რამეთუ გულის წყრომამან კაცისამან სიმართლჱ ღმრთისაჲ არა* ქმნის. ამისთჳს მოისპენ თქუენგან ყოველი მწინკულევანებაჲ და მეტი იგი სიბოროტისაჲ, სიმშუიდით შეიწყნარეთ ნერგი იგი სიტყჳსაჲ მის, შემძლებელი ცხორებად სულთა თქუენთათჳს*. და იყვენით მყოფელ სიტყჳსა ამის და ნუ მსმენელ ხოლო და შეურაცხის-მყოფელ თავთა თჳსთა.","english":"Blessed is the man who endures trial, for he becomes tested and receives the crown of life, which God promised to his friends. He who is being tested should not say, \"I am being tested by God,\" for God is untested by evil and does not test anyone. Rather, each person is tested by his own desire; he is drawn and compelled. Then that desire clings to him and gives birth to sin, and that sin is fulfilled and brings him death. Do not be deceived, my beloved brothers! Every given good and every perfect gift is sent down from above from the Father of light, with whom there is no change, nor any shadow of alteration. By his own will he nourishes us with the words of truth, so that we may be some beginning of his creatures. Know, my beloved brothers, now then: let every man be swift to hear and slow to speak and slow to anger. For the anger of a man does not create the righteousness of God. Therefore, banish from yourselves all stinginess and the excess of wickedness; with meekness receive the seedling of that word, which is able to bring life to your souls. And be doers of this word, not merely hearers and despisers of yourselves.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ნეტარ ა[რს კაცისაჲ მის, რომელმან დაუთმოს განსაცდელსა","severity":"info","text":"The opening echoes the beatitude form, but the Georgian text is partially reconstructed from lacunae; the sense 'blessed is the man who endures trial' is secure from the context.","cites":[{"key":"ed:kbb","label":"source edition: Catholic letters","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/kb/kbb/kbb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"გულის თქუმაჲ","severity":"info","text":"This phrase, literally 'heart's utterance', is the Old Georgian rendering of ἐπιθυμία (desire/concupiscence). The translation choice emphasises interior speech as the source of sin.","cites":[{"key":"ed:kbb","label":"source edition: Catholic letters","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/kb/kbb/kbb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"გჳრგ[ჳნი იგი ცხორებისაჲ]","severity":"info","text":"The 'crown of life' is a New Testament image (cf. Jas 1:12; Rev 2:10), but the phrasing here is closer to the promise of eternal reward for endurance, echoing 2 Tim 4:8 in the Georgian tradition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:kbb","label":"source edition: Catholic letters","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/kb/kbb/kbb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ზეგარდამოსრულ","severity":"info","text":"The compound 'from above and complete' reflects the Georgian theological vocabulary for divine grace (χάρις ἄνωθεν), a concept central to anti-Pelagian readings of the Catholic Epistles.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ნუ სცთებით, ძმანო ჩემნო საყუარელნო!","severity":"info","text":"This exclamatory address marks a rhetorical break, shifting from a warning about desire to an exhortation on the origin of goodness. It functions as a structural pivot in the passage.","cites":[{"key":"ed:kbb","label":"source edition: Catholic letters","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/kb/kbb/kbb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"სიმართლჱ ღმრთისაჲ არა* ქმნის","severity":"caution","text":"The asterisk in the edition indicates a textual variant or emendation; the phrase 'does not create the righteousness of God' may be corrupt or reflect a scribal gloss on anger's inefficacy.","cites":[{"key":"ed:kbb","label":"source edition: Catholic letters","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/kb/kbb/kbb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The lacunae in the first line (marked by brackets) leave the exact wording of the beatitude uncertain, though the sense is clear. The phrase 'seedling of that word' (ნერგი იგი სიტყჳსაჲ) is ambiguous: it may refer to the Logos or to a specific teaching; the translation takes it as the word of truth."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"უკუეთუ ვინმე მსმენელ ხოლო იყოს სიტყჳსა ამის და მყოფელ არა, ესევითარი მსგავს არს კაცისა მის, რომელმან განიცადის ქმნულებაჲ თჳსი სარკითა. და ვითარცა წარვიდის, მეყსეულად დაავიწყდის, ვითარ-რაჲ არს. ხოლო რომელმან მიჰხედა შჯულსა მას სრულსა აზნაურებისასა და დაადგრა და დამვიწყებელ იქმნა, არამედ მყოფელ საქმისა მის; ესე ნეტარ იყოს ყოფითა მით. უკუეთუ [...] ღმრთის მსახურ[ებაჲ] და არა აღჳრ-ასხნეს [ენასა] თჳსსა, იგი უტყუვის თავსა თჳსსა და ამაო არს მსახურებაჲ მისი. არამედ მსახურებაჲ წმიდაჲ და უბიწოჲ ღმრთისა მიმართ და მამისა ესე არს: მიხედვაჲ ობოლთაჲ და ქურივთაჲ ჭირსა შინა მათსა და შეუგინებელად დამარხვაჲ თავისა თჳსისაჲ ამის სოფლისაგან.","english":"If someone is only a hearer of this word and not a doer, such a one is like a man who examines his own appearance with a mirror. And as soon as he departs, he immediately forgets what he was like. But he who has looked upon that perfect law of nobility and has abided by it and become unforgetful, yet is a doer of that deed—he is blessed in that state. If [...] the service of God and does not adorn his own tongue, he deceives himself, and his service is vain. But the holy and immaculate service toward God and the Father is this: to look after orphans and widows in their distress, and to keep oneself undefiled from this world.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"უკუეთუ ვინმე მსმენელ ხოლო იყოს სიტყჳსა ამის","severity":"info","text":"The passage contrasts a mere hearer with a doer, using the mirror simile to stress self-knowledge without action.","cites":[{"key":"ed:kbb","label":"source edition: Catholic letters","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/kb/kbb/kbb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"აზნაურებისაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'aznaurebay' (nobility) here qualifies the 'perfect law' as a moral or spiritual ideal, not a social rank.","cites":[{"key":"ed:kbb","label":"source edition: Catholic letters","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/kb/kbb/kbb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"მიხედვაჲ ობოლთაჲ და ქურივთაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The duty to care for orphans and widows echoes Old Testament injunctions (e.g., Exod 22:22–24) and early Christian diaconal practice.","cites":[{"key":"ed:kbb","label":"source edition: Catholic letters","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/kb/kbb/kbb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"უკუეთუ [...]","severity":"info","text":"A lacuna in the Georgian text (marked by [...]) breaks the conditional clause; the English draft supplies a plausible restoration.","cites":[{"key":"ed:kbb","label":"source edition: Catholic letters","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/kb/kbb/kbb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"აღჳრ-ასხნეს [ენასა]","severity":"caution","text":"The verb 'ağwir-asxnes' (adorn) is partially reconstructed; the bracketed 'enasa' (tongue) is editorial. The sense is that service without proper speech is vain.","cites":[{"key":"ed:kbb","label":"source edition: Catholic letters","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/kb/kbb/kbb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"ნეტარ იყოს","severity":"info","text":"The beatitude formula 'netar iq'os' (blessed is) aligns with ascetic literature in Georgian monastic circles, where endurance and action are praised.","cites":[{"key":"ed:kbb","label":"source edition: Catholic letters","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/nt/kb/kbb/kbb.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The lacuna before 'service of God' leaves the subject unclear; the English draft supplies 'if one performs' but the Georgian may have had a different verb.","The phrase 'perfect law of nobility' could be read as a reference to a specific monastic rule or to general Christian virtue."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]}]}