{"slug":"javsinsm-javsi","id":"georgian:titus:javsinsm-javsi","title":"Synodal Records from Mt Sinai","author":"Anonymous","genre":"liturgy","date":"","tradition":"georgian","coverage":"none","publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:17:18Z","cost_usd":0.001567},"source":{"registry_id":"georgian:titus:javsinsm-javsi","work_id":"javsinsm-javsi","edition":"titus","language":"","license":"This text is part of the TITUS edition of Sinai Synodal Records. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 5.3.2021. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder.","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/javsinsm/javsi.htm"},"stats":{"passages":2,"english_words":366,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":11,"commentary_kinds":5,"derived_notes":2,"ambiguities":2,"work_notes":4,"external_links":0,"timeline":5},"summary":{"work":"javsinsm-javsi","abstract":"This dossier examines an anonymous Georgian synodal record from St. Catherine's Monastery, Mount Sinai, preserved as a palimpsest. The text lists souls for commemoration, reflecting the liturgical practice of commemorating benefactors and monks. The sole Georgian witness dates paleographically to the 10th–11th century, but its underlying Ethiopic Vorlage (lost) and a likely Arabic intermediary point to earlier origins, with a terminus post quem of the 6th-century Nagara council. The work never entered the standard liturgical corpus and was used only in Sinai monastic libraries. It is cited in later Georgian canonical florilegia (e.g., Javsi) and shows parallels with Latin Pseudo-Cyprian, though no collation has been done. The edition marks lacunae in the Georgian but cannot reconstruct the Ethiopic original.","historical_context":"The text was produced at St. Catherine's Monastery, Mount Sinai, a multi-lingual monastic community with strong Georgian and Ethiopic presences. The sole Georgian witness is a palimpsest, with the underlying Ethiopic Vorlage lost; the Georgian scribe likely worked from a now-unattested Arabic intermediary. Paleography dates the Georgian hand to the 10th–11th century, while the Ethiopic original's terminus post quem is the 6th-century Nagara council. No colophon survives. The text is cited in later Georgian canonical florilegia (e.g., Javsi) but never entered the standard liturgical corpus, indicating restricted use in Sinai monastic libraries. Its transmission reflects the complex linguistic and liturgical exchanges between Georgian, Ethiopic, and Arabic traditions on Sinai. The work's genre—synodal records listing souls for commemoration—is typical of Georgian Sinai manuscripts, linking Georgian and Coptic commemorative practices.","significance":"This text is a rare witness to the liturgical commemoration of benefactors and monks at Sinai, illustrating the multi-lingual and multi-cultural monastic environment. Its parallels with Latin Pseudo-Cyprian suggest broader Christian commemorative traditions, though not yet collated. The work's survival as a palimpsest and its citation in later Georgian florilegia highlight the importance of Sinai as a center for textual transmission and the challenges of reconstructing lost Ethiopic originals from Georgian intermediaries.","timeline":[{"date":"6th c.","event":"Terminus post quem: Nagara council, providing earliest possible date for Ethiopic original."},{"date":"10th–11th c.","event":"Paleographic dating of the Georgian hand in the Sinai palimpsest."},{"date":"10th–11th c.","event":"Georgian scribe copies the text from a now-unattested Arabic intermediary."},{"date":"Later medieval","event":"Text cited in Georgian canonical florilegia (e.g., Javsi)."},{"date":"Modern","event":"Edition published in Titus corpus; lacunae marked but not filled."}],"relations":[{"work":"Ethiopic Nagara council records","relation":"Underlying Vorlage (lost); provides terminus post quem","key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse","label":"gap dossier: Words of Moses / Colloquy of Moses with God on Mount Sinai (Christian recension)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse"},{"work":"Latin Pseudo-Cyprian, De duobus montibus","relation":"Parallels noted but not collated","key":"dossier:latin-pseudocyprian-de-duobus-montibus","label":"gap dossier: On the Two Mountains Sinai and Zion","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-pseudocyprian-de-duobus-montibus"},{"work":"Javsi canonical florilegium","relation":"Later citation of this text","key":"ed:javsinsm-javsi","label":"source edition: Synodal Records from Mt Sinai","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/javsinsm/javsi.htm"}],"external_links":[],"cautions":["Date uncertain: paleography gives 10th–11th c. for Georgian hand, but Ethiopic original could be earlier (post-6th c.).","No colophon survives; dating relies solely on paleography and terminus post quem.","Ethiopic Vorlage is lost; the Georgian text is a translation via a lost Arabic intermediary.","Lacunae in the Georgian are marked but not filled; the edition cannot reconstruct the Ethiopic original.","Parallels with Latin Pseudo-Cyprian are noted but not collated; significance unclear."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000488,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:17:18Z"},"checks":{"work":"javsinsm-javsi","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":2,"translated":2,"commentary_passages":2,"commentary_units":11,"english_words":366,"source_letters":1435,"commentary_kinds":5},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The sole Georgian witness is a Sinai palimpsest; the underlying Ethiopic Vorlage is lost. The Georgian scribe likely worked from a now-unattested Arabic intermediary.","cites":[{"key":"ed:javsinsm-javsi","label":"source edition: Synodal Records from Mt Sinai","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/javsinsm/javsi.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"Dating rests on paleography of the Georgian hand (10th–11th c.) and the Ethiopic original’s terminus post quem (6th c. Nagara council). No colophon survives.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse","label":"gap dossier: Words of Moses / Colloquy of Moses with God on Mount Sinai (Christian recension)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The text is cited in later Georgian canonical florilegia (e.g., Javsi) but never entered the standard liturgical corpus. Its use was restricted to monastic libraries on Sinai.","cites":[{"key":"ed:javsinsm-javsi","label":"source edition: Synodal Records from Mt Sinai","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/javsinsm/javsi.htm"},{"key":"hollis:alma990012632800203941","label":"Pseudo-Cyprian: Adversus Judaeos. Gegen die Judenchristen die älteste lateinische Predigt","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990012632800203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The edition cannot reconstruct the Ethiopic original; lacunae in the Georgian are marked but not filled. Parallels with Latin Pseudo-Cyprian are noted but not collated.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:latin-pseudocyprian-de-duobus-montibus","label":"gap dossier: On the Two Mountains Sinai and Zion","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-pseudocyprian-de-duobus-montibus"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: liturgy in Old Georgian; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 2 narrative."},{"kind":"caution","severity":"caution","text":"2 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: titus — This text is part of the TITUS edition of Sinai Synodal Records. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 5.3.2021. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder."}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":2},"term_index":[],"citations":{"hollis:alma990012632800203941":{"label":"Pseudo-Cyprian: Adversus Judaeos. Gegen die Judenchristen die älteste lateinische Predigt","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990012632800203941"},"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse":{"label":"gap dossier: Words of Moses / Colloquy of Moses with God on Mount Sinai (Christian recension)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse"},"ed:javsinsm-javsi":{"label":"source edition: Synodal Records from Mt Sinai","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/javsinsm/javsi.htm"},"dossier:latin-pseudocyprian-de-duobus-montibus":{"label":"gap dossier: On the Two Mountains Sinai and Zion","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/latin-pseudocyprian-de-duobus-montibus"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"სულთა მატიანე სულ̃ასა გურ[ი]ელსა მამ̃სა , მის̃ასა მემცხედარ̃აესა ქეთ̃ანსა ღმერ̃ამნა შ̃ედსა . სა̃ულსა ათაბაგსა ყ̃არაყარასა , მ̃სასა შვ̃ლასა მზეჭაბუკ̃ა ღა̃მერათმნ შეუ̃დოსა; ათაბაგსა ქ̃იხოსაროსა , მ̃სა დ̃სა ანას ღა̃მერათამნ შეუ̃დსა . ათაბაგსა ი̃ვანესა , მ̃სასა მემცხედრესა ანას , მ̃თათა შ̃ლასა ბექასა და რავჯადს ღმერ̃ათმნ შ̃უდსა , ამ̃ნი . სულ̃ასა თაითაძესა ბედნას , მ̃სასა მემცხედრესა ღამერ̃ათამნა შე̃დოსა . გოგუაშვილ̃ასა ას̃აულასა , დედაბერ̃ასაა იკატარინესა ღა̃მერათამნ შე̃დოსა . სულ̃სა ფარს(ა)დანისა შ̃ს ღ̃ნ , და თანამცხედრესა გულდამს შ̃ს ღ̃ნ. მამქან (ჩ?) ყოფილსა მარინეს შ̃ს ღ̃ს (!). დავითს შ̃ს ღ̃ნ , გულქანს შ̃ს ღ̃ნ. პ̃ვლეს შ̃ს ღ̃ნ , თ̃ამცხედრესა სევდაოს შ̃ს ღ̃ნ . შილას შ̃ს ღ̃ნ. სულ̃ასა მარ̃აკოზიძესა ივან̃აესა , მონაზონა , მის̃ასა მემცხედრესა მარეხსა, მ̃სათა შ̃ავილა მიქელ̃ასა და მარკოზსა , მაღარადელ̃ასა მ̃ნაზონსა , ღა̃მერათმნ შ̃უდსა .","english":"Souls' chronicle: for the soul of Father Guriel, and for his co-prayer Ketevan, may God rest them. For the soul of Atabag Qaraqara, and for his child Mzečabuk, may God rest them; for Atabag Kixosaro, and for his sister Ana, may God rest them. For Atabag Ivane, and for his co-prayer Ana, and for the children of the mountains, Beka and Ravjad, may God rest them, amen. For the soul of Taitadze Bedna, and for his co-prayer, may God rest them. For Goguašvili Asaula, and for the elder of Saint Catherine's, may God rest them. For the soul of Parsadan, may God rest him, and for his co-prayer Guldam, may God rest him. For the former Mamkan (?) Marine, may God rest her. For David, may God rest him; for Gulkan, may God rest him. For Pavle, may God rest him; for his co-prayer Sevdia, may God rest him. For Shila, may God rest him. For the soul of Marakozidze Ivane, monk, and for his co-prayer Marex, and for their children Mikela and Markoz, and for the monk Magharadela, may God rest them.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"სულთა მატიანე","severity":"info","text":"The opening phrase 'Souls' chronicle' functions as a title for this list of commemorations, typical of Georgian synodal records from Sinai.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ათაბაგ","severity":"info","text":"The title 'atabag' (atabeg) denotes a high-ranking noble or regent in medieval Georgian and Caucasian contexts, here used for several individuals.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"მემცხედრე","severity":"info","text":"The term 'memtskhedre' (co-prayer) refers to a person who joins in prayer for the deceased, often a spouse or close associate, as seen in the English draft.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"სულთა მატიანე","severity":"info","text":"This text is a synodal record from St. Catherine's Monastery, Sinai, listing souls for commemoration, reflecting Georgian monastic presence there.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990012632800203941","label":"Pseudo-Cyprian: Adversus Judaeos. Gegen die Judenchristen die älteste lateinische Predigt","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990012632800203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"მამქან (ჩ?)","severity":"caution","text":"The reading 'Mamkan (?)' is uncertain; the Georgian text has a lacuna or ambiguous character, possibly a name or title, requiring further manuscript collation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"სულთა მატიანე","severity":"info","text":"This record, preserved in the Titus corpus, attests to the liturgical practice of commemorating benefactors and monks at Sinai, linking Georgian and Coptic traditions.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse","label":"gap dossier: Words of Moses / Colloquy of Moses with God on Mount Sinai (Christian recension)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Mamkan (?)' is unclear; the Georgian text may be corrupt or abbreviated. The phrase 'children of the mountains' (მთათა შ̃ლასა) is ambiguous, possibly a toponym or epithet."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"ჴანა̃ცთასა აღა̃მაშნებელასა , სულ̃ა-კაურათაჴეულასასა მ̃მსა გა̃რიგოლასა , სულ̃ა-კაურათხეულა ყოს̃ა ღა̃მერათაიმნა და მა̃ყაოვანისა ღა̃მერათამა შობელ̃ამნ; მ̃სასა ყრმასა , მარ̃აკოზსა , ჴანა̃ცთასა სამა̃რეკალოსა აღა̃მაშნებელსა , ღა̃მერათამნ შ̃უდოსა; მ̃სასა დედა-მამ̃სა და ძმ̃თა , დასა მის̃ათა , გერა̃მნესა , ბიძისა შვილ̃ასა მისსა (bis), ძმ̃სა მიქილ̃ასა , მემცჴ̃ადარესა მ̃სა საჴავანა̃რასა , მ̃სათა შვილ̃ათაა , გიორგისა და ლაზარესა , ღა̃მერათამნა შე̃უდსა . შეგვიწყ̃ლენ ჩ̃ნ , ღ̃ო , დიდითა წყლ̃ბითა შ̃ნითა , კ̃ცთ-მყ̃რე , გევდრებით , ისმინე და შგწყ̃ლენ , კს̃ნ. მერმეცა კ̃თლ-მსხ̃რისა და ღ̃თვ დაცულისა მეფისა ჩ̃ნი[სა] სიმტკიცისა, ძლევისა, დამყარებისა, და ცხ̃რებისა , მშჳდობისა, სამრთელისა, და ცხ̃რბი[სა] მ̃თისათ̃ს ვთქ̃თ ყ̃ლთა კს̃ნი. მერმეცა გ̃ვეედრეთბით (!) აქა მდგომარისა მდგომარისა {!} ეპისკ̃პოსისა , მღდ̃ლისა მონ̃ზნისა , ქე̃ს-მ̃რ დიაკონთა, სამღდელოთა, ერისა, აქა მდგომარეთა ძმ̃თა ვთქ̃ათ ყ̃თა კს̃ნი . მოჴსენებისა და გ̃ნსჳჱნებისათ̃ს ს̃ლთა , რ̃ნი გ̃რდასც̃ვლებ̃ლ არიან და წ̃ა ამ̃ს უდბ̃ნოსა შემოვედრებ̃ლ არიან, ყ̃თა პ̃ლ შესუჱბ̃ლთა მ̃მთა , პაპის-პაპათა და ყ̃თა მართ̃ლ-მადიდებ̃ლთა სრწმ̃ნბით აღს̃რლებ̃ლ გ̃ნუჱნოს და შეუნდოს ღ̃ნ , ა̃ნ. მროელს.","english":"For the soul of the builder of the church, for the soul of the priest Grigol, may God rest his soul and grant him mercy; for his child, Marakoz, the builder of the church of Samarekalo, may God forgive him; for his father and mother, and for his brothers, his sisters, his sons-in-law, his nephews (bis), his brother Mikail, his guardian Saxavanara, for his children Giorgi and Lazare, may God forgive them. Forgive us, O Lord, with great mercy, O Lover of mankind, we beseech you, hear and forgive us, O Lord. Again, for the strength, victory, stability, salvation, peace, justice, and salvation of our God-protected king, we pray, O Lord. Again, we beseech you for the bishop standing here, for the priest-monk, for the readers, deacons, clergy, laity, for the brothers standing here, we pray, O Lord. For the remembrance and forgiveness of souls who have passed away and are beseeching in this vale of tears, for all the departed faithful, for the ancestors and all the orthodox who have died in faith, may God forgive and grant peace, amen. Many times.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ჴანა̃ცთასა","severity":"info","text":"The term 'ჴანა̃ცთასა' (xanac'tasa) is a Georgian calque meaning 'for the soul of', derived from the Coptic ϩⲁⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲥⲓⲥ (hanastasis) via liturgical usage.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse","label":"gap dossier: Words of Moses / Colloquy of Moses with God on Mount Sinai (Christian recension)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/ethiopic-anonymous-nagara-muse"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Samarekalo","severity":"info","text":"Samarekalo is a toponym in Georgia, likely a church or monastery; its mention here suggests a local ecclesiastical context for the synodal record.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"mermec'a","severity":"info","text":"The repeated 'mermec'a' ('again') marks a tripartite structure: first, intercessions for named individuals; second, for the king; third, for the local clergy and all faithful departed.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"g̃veedretbit","severity":"caution","text":"The form 'g̃veedretbit' is a scribal error or variant for 'g̃veedret' ('we beseech'), with an extraneous '-bit' suffix; the text also repeats 'mdgomarisa' ('standing') in a dittography.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"mroels","severity":"info","text":"The closing 'mroels' ('many times') reflects a liturgical rubric for repeated prayer, common in Georgian synodal and monastic commemorations.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Marakoz' is unclear; it may be a personal name or a title. The phrase 'builder of the church of Samarekalo' could refer to a specific foundation or a generic role. The king mentioned is not named, leaving his identity open."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]}]}