{"slug":"iozosca2-iozos","id":"georgian:titus:iozosca2-iozos","title":"Ioane Zosime's Calendar","author":"Ioan.Zos.","genre":"liturgy","date":"","tradition":"georgian","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:59:34Z","cost_usd":0.002795},"source":{"registry_id":"georgian:titus:iozosca2-iozos","work_id":"iozosca2-iozos","edition":"titus","language":"","license":"This text is part of the TITUS edition of Ioane Zosime's Calendar (version B). Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 24.9.2017. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder.","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"},"stats":{"passages":5,"english_words":534,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":28,"commentary_kinds":6,"derived_notes":1,"ambiguities":8,"work_notes":5,"external_links":1,"timeline":4},"summary":{"work":"iozosca2-iozos","abstract":"The Calendar of Ioane Zosime is a tenth-century Georgian liturgical calendar preserved in a single palimpsest manuscript (Sinai georg. 34) copied by the monk Ioane Zosime at St. Catherine's Monastery, Sinai. Composed ca. 980–990, it lists commemorations for each month, combining Georgian and foreign saints with local Sinai traditions. The calendar was not widely adopted and remains little studied. The TITUS edition is based on the sole witness, with lacunae and illegible passages marked but not reconstructed. Its original completeness and order cannot be fully verified, and it should not be taken as normative for Georgian liturgical practice.","historical_context":"The calendar was composed ca. 980–990 at St. Catherine's Monastery on Mount Sinai, a multilingual and multi-ethnic community under the patronage of the Byzantine Empire. Ioane Zosime, a Georgian monk and scribe active in the second half of the tenth century, copied the sole surviving manuscript (Sinai georg. 34) as a palimpsest over an earlier Georgian liturgical text. The calendar reflects the liturgical needs of the Sinai Georgian community, incorporating both mainstream Eastern Christian feasts and local commemorations, including saints venerated in Palestine and Sinai. Its limited circulation suggests it served a specific, possibly experimental, purpose within that community. The manuscript was rediscovered in the twentieth century and edited by scholars such as Robert Pierpont Blake and later by the TITUS project. The calendar's structure follows the ancient system of seasonal hours, with day-length notes for each month.","significance":"The calendar is a rare witness to Georgian liturgical life in the medieval Sinai, showing how a diaspora community adapted and localized the broader Eastern Christian calendar. It preserves obscure saints and local traditions not found in mainstream Georgian sources, offering insights into cross-cultural exchange and scribal practice. Its palimpsest nature and single-witness survival highlight the fragility of such texts and the importance of careful editorial treatment.","timeline":[{"date":"ca. 980–990","event":"Composition of the Calendar by Ioane Zosime at St. Catherine's Monastery, Sinai."},{"date":"10th c.","event":"Copying of the sole surviving manuscript (Sinai georg. 34) by Ioane Zosime as a palimpsest."},{"date":"20th c.","event":"Rediscovery and first scholarly edition of the calendar."},{"date":"Late 20th–21st c.","event":"Digital edition by the TITUS project based on the single manuscript."}],"relations":[{"work":"Georgian liturgical manuscripts from Sinai","relation":"Part of a larger corpus of Georgian texts produced at St. Catherine's Monastery.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Byzantine Synaxarion","relation":"Shares structural and content parallels with Eastern Christian calendar traditions.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Palestinian-Georgian liturgical tradition","relation":"Reflects the influence of the Lavra of Saint Sabas and other Palestinian centers.","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"TITUS edition of Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm","reason":"Primary digital edition of the work."}],"cautions":["The sole surviving manuscript is a palimpsest; the original order and completeness cannot be fully verified.","The calendar's composition date (ca. 980–990) is inferred from the latest commemorations and Ioane Zosime's known activity; no external confirmation exists.","The calendar was not widely adopted and does not represent normative Georgian liturgical practice.","Lacunae and illegible passages in the manuscript are marked but not reconstructed in the edition."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000418,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:23:11Z"},"checks":{"work":"iozosca2-iozos","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":5,"translated":5,"commentary_passages":5,"commentary_units":28,"english_words":534,"source_letters":2356,"commentary_kinds":6},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The sole surviving witness is a tenth-century Sinaitic manuscript (Sinai georg. 34), copied by Ioane Zosime himself. The text is a palimpsest, with the Georgian calendar overwriting an earlier Georgian liturgical text.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Ioane Zosime was active at St. Catherine’s Monastery, Sinai, in the second half of the tenth century. The calendar’s composition is dated to ca. 980–990, based on the latest commemorations included and the scribe’s known period of activity.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The calendar was not widely adopted in the Georgian Church; its use appears to have been limited to the Sinai community. It was rediscovered and edited only in the twentieth century, and remains little studied outside specialist circles.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The edition (TITUS) is based on a single manuscript; lacunae and illegible passages are marked but not reconstructed. The calendar’s original order and completeness cannot be fully verified.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The calendar includes both Georgian and foreign saints; some entries reflect local Sinai tradition rather than mainstream Georgian practice. The user should not assume the calendar represents normative Georgian liturgical usage of the period.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: liturgy in Old Georgian; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 5 narrative."},{"kind":"caution","severity":"caution","text":"1 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: titus — This text is part of the TITUS edition of Ioane Zosime's Calendar (version B). Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 24.9.2017. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder."}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":5},"term_index":[],"citations":{"ed:iozosca2-iozos":{"label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"იოანე ზოსიმეს კალენდარი Manuscript: Sin-34, 25r-33v [References to manuscript columns added for easy reference. J.G.] Column of ms.: 25ra კრებაჲ თთუეთაჲ წელიწადისათაჲ\n\nა. თ(თუეს)ა ი(ა)ნ(ვარ)სა აქჳს დღჱ ლა . დღ(ი)ს(სა)ძ(იე)ბ(ე)ლი არარაჲ დღეთა აქუს ი ჟ(ა)მი და ღამეთა იდ ჟ(ა)მი.\n\nა. წინდადაც(ვ)ეთაჲ ო(ჳფლისა)ჲ, და ჴს(ე)ნ(ე)ბაჲ ბას(ი)ლი ეპ(ის)კ(ოპოსი)ს(ა)ჲ კეს(ა)რიელისაჲ, და მსგ(ე)ბსი ქ(რისტ)ეს შ(ო)ბის(ა)ჲ.\n\nბ. სილიბ(ე)სტროს მ(ა)მ(ა)დმთ(ა)ვრისაჲ ჰრ(ო)მთა პაპისაჲ, და მათე მონ(ა)ზ(ო)ნისაჲ.\n\nგ. ამბა მელიტონ მ(ა)მას(ა)ხლისის(ა)ჲ საბაწ(მი)დ(ე)ლის(ა)ჲ და მალაქია წ(ინაჲს)წ(არმეტ)ყ(უე)ლის(ა)ჲ.\n\nდ. ამბა იანე სქოლარის(ა)ჲ, და გორდი მ(ო)წ(ა)მის(ა)ჲ.\n\nე. წყლის კ(ურთ)ხ(ე)ვ(ა)ჲ :.:..\n\nვ. გ(ა)ნცხადებაჲ :.:..\n\nზ. აბოჲსი, და იოვ(ა)ნჱსი :.:..","english":"The Collection of Months of the Year\n\nA. In the month of January there are 31 days. The day begins with nothing; there are 9 hours of day and 15 hours of night.\n\nA. The Forefeast of the Lord, and the Commemoration of Basil, Bishop of Caesarea, and the like of the Nativity of Christ.\n\nB. Silvester, the Archimandrite of Rome, the Pope, and Matthew the Monk.\n\nC. Abba Meliton, the Steward of the Sabaites, and Malachi the Prophet.\n\nD. Abba Iane the Scholastic, and Gorde the Martyr.\n\nE. The Blessing of the Water.\n\nF. The Revelation.\n\nG. Aboysis, and John.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage opens with a heading and a note on day length for January, then lists commemorations for days A–G, each marked by a letter of the Georgian alphabet.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"კრებაჲ თთუეთაჲ წელიწადისათაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The heading 'The Collection of Months of the Year' signals the work's calendrical structure, listing feasts and saints for each month.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The day-length note (9 hours day, 15 night) reflects the ancient system of seasonal hours, where day and night are each divided into 12 hours regardless of season.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The entry for January 1 includes the Forefeast of the Lord and the commemoration of Basil of Caesarea, aligning with Eastern Christian practice.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The entry for day G lists 'Aboysis and John' without further identification; the name 'Aboysis' is obscure and may be a corruption or a rare saint.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The letter sequence A–G corresponds to the first seven letters of the Georgian alphabet, but it is unclear whether these represent specific days of the month or a different calendrical division.","The identity of 'Aboysis' (day G) is uncertain; it may be a variant of a known name or a scribal error."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"ჱ. იო(ვა)ნე დ(ა)ყ(უ)დ(ე)ბ(უ)ლისა ეპ(ის)კ(ოპო)სი საბაწ(მი)დ(ე)ლისა, და მაკარისი, პიმენისი, არსენისი :.:..\n\nთ. გრიგოლი ეპ(ის)კ(ო)პ(ო)სის(ა)ჲ ნოსელისაჲ :.:., და პოლოევკატის მ(ო)წ(ა)მის(ა)ჲ :.:. .\n\nი. გრიგოლი ეპ(ის)კ(ო)პ(ო)სის(ა)ჲ ნოსელისაჲვე :.:..\n\nია . თევდოსის მ(ა)მისაჲ :.:..\n\nიბ . ფილოთეოზ მ(ო)წ(ა)მისაჲ და მოყ(უა)სთა მისთა :.:., და სტ(ე)ფანე მ(ა)მას(ა)ხლისისაჲ.\n\nიგ . მსგებსი გ(ა)ნცხ(ა)დებისაჲ, და მ(ა)მ(ა)თა სინელთა და რაჲთელთ(ა)ჲ .::..\n\nიდ . სტეფანე წ(მი)დის(ა)ჲ, და ნინოჲსი :.:., და ერმოლოს სტრატონიკა მ(ო)წ(ა)მ(ი)ს(ა)ჲ :.:..\n\nიე . ჴსენებ(ა)ჲ ბაბილაჲსი ანტ(იო)ქელ პატრ(ია)ქისაჲ და სამთა ყრმათა მისთაჲ, და არჩილისი ქართველისა მოწამისაჲ.\n\nივ . ქუზიბას, ღ(მრთ)ისმშ(ო)ბ(ე)ლის(ა)ჲ, ოდეს ახარა ანგელ(ო)ზმ(ა)ნ იოვ(ა)კიმს ქუზიბას შობისა თ(ჳ)ს ღ(მრთ)ისმშ(ო)ბ(ე)ლისა მარ(ია)მისა, და სისინისი და მის თანა მ(ო)წ(ა)მ(ე)თ(ა)ჲ :.:..","english":"H. John, the Abbot of the Monastery of Sabas, and Macarius, Pimen, Arsenius.\n\nT. Gregory, Bishop of Nyssa, and Polyeuctus the Martyr.\n\nI. Gregory, Bishop of Nyssa again.\n\nIA. Theodosius the Monk.\n\nIB. Philotheus the Martyr and his companions, and Stephen the Steward.\n\nIG. The Commemoration of the Holy Fathers of Sinai and Raithu.\n\nID. Stephen the Saint, and Nino, and Hermolaus, Stratonice the Martyr.\n\nIE. The Commemoration of Babylas, Patriarch of Antioch, and of his three children, and of Archil the Georgian Martyr.\n\nIV. The Commemoration of the Mother of God of Kuziba, when the angel announced to Joachim of Kuziba the birth of the holy Mother of God Mary, and of Sisinnius and the martyrs with him.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"საბაწ(მი)დ(ე)ლისა","severity":"info","text":"The Georgian phrase 'sabaṭmidelis' refers to the Monastery of Saint Sabas, a prominent Palestinian lavra. The abbreviation 'საბაწ(მი)დ(ე)ლისა' is a standard hagiographic contraction.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ნოსელისაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'noselisay' refers to Gregory of Nyssa, a fourth-century Cappadocian Father. The Georgian form reflects the toponym 'Nyssa' (Νύσσα).","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ქუზიბას","severity":"info","text":"Kuziba (Greek: Κουζιβά) is a monastery in the Judean desert associated with the tradition of Joachim receiving an angelic announcement of Mary's birth. This entry commemorates the Mother of God of Kuziba.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"არჩილისი ქართველისა მოწამისაჲ","severity":"info","text":"Archil the Georgian Martyr is a local saint from the Georgian tradition, commemorated here alongside Babylas of Antioch. This inclusion reflects the calendar's integration of Georgian hagiography.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ჴსენებ(ა)ჲ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'ḫsenebay' (commemoration) introduces entries for multiple saints, including Babylas and Archil. This structural marker is typical of calendar entries listing feasts.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"სამთა ყრმათა მისთაჲ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'three children of his' likely refers to Babylas's companions, but the number and identity vary in sources. The Georgian text may conflate traditions.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The entry for Gregory of Nyssa appears twice (T and I), possibly due to a scribal duplication or separate commemorations. The identity of 'Stephen the Steward' (mamasaxlisay) is unclear; it may refer to a monastic official rather than a saint."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"იზ . წმიდისა ანტონისი*.\n\nიჱ . ქუზიბას ღ(მრთ)ისმშ(ო)ბ(ე)ლისა მონასტერსა, სატფ(უ)რი, და ალ(ე)ქს(ა)ნდრე მთ(ა)ვ(ა)რეპ(ის)კ(ოპოსი)ს(ა)ჲ ალ(ე)ქს(ან)დრ(ე)ლის(ა)ჲ და ათნასჱსი და კჳრილჱსი, და ამბა პ(ა)ვლე გ(ან)შ(ო)რ(ე)ბ(უ)ლის(ა)ჲ რ(ომელ)ი უწ(ინა)რ(ჱ)ს ანტ(ო)ნისა განვიდა უდაბნოდ. Column of ms.: 25rb\n\nით . თევდოსი დიდისა მ(ე)ფი(ს(ა)ჲ და თევდოტე ხუცის(ა)ჲ და ამბა ანტ(ო)ნისი რ(ო)მელსა ერქ(უ)ა რავახ მ(ო)წ(ა)მ(ი)საჲ.\n\nკ. ს(ა)კ(ჳ)რვ(ე)ლთმ(ო)ქ(მე)დ(ი)სა ღ(მერ)თშ(ე)მ(ო)ს(ი)ლისა წ(მიდ)ისა მ(ა)მისა ჩ(უე)ნისა ევთჳმჱსი.\n\nკა . პეტრე წ(მი)დ(ა)ს სატფ(უ)რი, და ტ(ი)მ(ო)თე მ(ო)ც(ი)ქ(უ)ლის(ა)ჲ, და მაკარისი, და ამბა მაქსიმოს აღმსარ(ე)ბ(ე)ლის(ა)ჲ.\n\nკბ . ჴს(ე)ნ(ე)ბ(ა)ჲ ყ(ოვე)ლთა წ(მიდა)თ(ა)ჲ რ(ომელ)ნი მოდღესამდე მარტჳლებ(უ)ლ არიან, და ტიმოთე მ(ო)ც(ი)ქ(უ)ლისავე.","english":"IZ. Of Saint Antonius.\n\nIY. At the Monastery of the God-Bearer of Kouziba, the Saṫuri, and of Alexander, Archbishop of Alexandria, and of Athanasius and Cyril, and of Abba Paul the Hermit, who, unknown to Antonius, went out into the desert. Column of ms.: 25rb\n\nITH. Of Theodosius the Great King, and of Theodotus the Priest, and of Abba Antonius, who was called Ravakh the Martyr.\n\nK. Of the Wonderworker, the God-inspired holy father of ours, Euthymius.\n\nKA. Of Peter the Holy Saṫuri, and of Timothy the Martyr, and of Macarius, and of Abba Maximus the Confessor.\n\nKB. Commemoration of all the holy ones who have been martyred up to this day, and of Timothy the Martyr again.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"სატფ(უ)რი","severity":"info","text":"The term 'Saṫuri' (სატფ(უ)რი) is a Georgian liturgical designation for a feast or commemoration, likely derived from the Coptic 'sathour' or Greek 'saturon', referring to a specific type of monastic observance.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Monastery of the God-Bearer of Kouziba","severity":"info","text":"The Monastery of the God-Bearer (Theotokos) of Kouziba, located in the Judean desert near Jericho, was a prominent Palestinian monastic center. Its inclusion reflects the Georgian liturgical tradition's integration of Palestinian saints and feasts.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Abba Paul the Hermit","severity":"info","text":"Abba Paul the Hermit (d. ca. 341) is traditionally considered the first Christian hermit. The note that he went into the desert 'unknown to Antonius' (i.e., Anthony the Great) is a hagiographical detail emphasizing Paul's precedence in eremitic life.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"Ravakh the Martyr","severity":"info","text":"The name 'Ravakh' (რავახ) is a Georgian rendering of a non-Georgian name, possibly Syriac or Persian, for a martyr associated with Abba Antonius. The identification is uncertain and may reflect a local tradition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"IZ, IY, ITH, K, KA, KB","severity":"info","text":"The passage continues the calendar's sequence of entries for days IZ (17) through KB (22) of the Coptic month, each marking commemorations of saints and feasts, with a column reference (25rb) indicating the manuscript layout.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"Commemoration of all the holy ones martyred up to this day","severity":"info","text":"This entry (KB) is a collective commemoration of all martyrs known to the compiler, a common feature in liturgical calendars that allows for inclusion of local or lesser-known saints not individually named.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Ravakh the Martyr' is unclear; it may be a corruption or variant of a known martyr's name.","The term 'Saṫuri' is not fully explained in the source; its precise liturgical function remains ambiguous."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"კგ . კლემენტოზ ანკჳრიელ ეპ(ის)კ(ოპო)ს(ისა)ჲ და აგათონისი და იუდა მ(ო)ც(ი)ქ(უ)ლის(ა)ჲ.\n\nკდ . ანასტასია წ(მი)დას, კლემენტოს მამადმთავრისა დიდისა ჰრომის(ა)ჲ, და ბიკენტისი, და კჳრიაკოზ აღმსარ(ე)ბელისა საბაწ(მი)დ(ე)ლ(ი)სა, და ყ(ოვე)ლთა საბა წ(მი)დას გარდაცვალებ(უ)ლთა მ(ა)მ(ა)თა სახელებისა ჴსენებ(ა)ჲ*.\n\nკე . გრიგოლი ეპ(ის)კ(ო)პ(ო)სის(ა)ჲ ნანძიანელისაჲ ღ(მერ)თივ გამომეტყ(უე)ლის(ა)ჲ.\n\nკვ . იო(ვა)ნე ოქრ(ო)პირის(ა)ჲ ნაწილთა მოხუმაჲ კოკოსინით კ(ო)სტ(ა)ნტ(ი)ნეპ(ო)ლის, და თევდორეჲ მთ(ა)ვ(ა)რეპ(ის)კ(ო)პ(ო)სის(ა)ჲ, და ვალენტი მეფისაჲ, და პოლოგრაპე მოწამისაჲ :.:., და ქსენე(ფორისაჲ).\n\nკზ . იოვანე ოქროპირისა მთ(ა)ვ(ა)რეპ(ის)კ(ო)პ(ო)სის(ა)ჲ კოსტ(ა)ნტინეპოლელის(ა)ჲ, და ელია პ(ა)დ(რია)ქის(ა)ჲ ი(ერუსალ)ჱმელის(ა)ჲ*.\n\nკჱ . წ(მიდ)ისა ეფრემისი, და ჴს(ე)ნ(ე)ბა ყ(ოვე)ლთა წ(მიდა)თა მამათაჲ მეუდაბნოეთაჲ, და პ(ე)ტრე მთ(ა)ვ(ა)რეპ(ის)კ(ოპოსი)ს(ა)ჲ დამასკელის(ა)ჲ:.:..","english":"23. Of Clement, Bishop of Ancyra, and of Agathon, and of Judas the Martyr.\n\n24. Of Saint Anastasia, of Clement, Pope of Great Rome, and of Bikentios, and of Cyriacus the Confessor of the Sabaites, and of the commemoration of all the departed holy fathers of the Monastery of Saint Saba.\n\n25. Of Gregory, Bishop of Nazianzus, the Theologian.\n\n26. Of John Chrysostom, the translation of his relics from Kukusos to Constantinople, and of Theodore, Archbishop, and of Valens the Emperor, and of Polycarp the Martyr, and of Xenophon.\n\n27. Of John Chrysostom, Archbishop of Constantinople, and of Elias, Patriarch of Jerusalem.\n\n28. Of Saint Ephraim, and the commemoration of all the holy desert fathers, and of Peter, Archbishop of Damascus.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"კგ .","severity":"info","text":"The entry numbered 23 (კג) begins a sequence of commemorations for 23–28 of a month, likely January or February, following the Coptic calendar.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"კლემენტოზ ანკჳრიელ","severity":"info","text":"Clement of Ancyra is a martyr; the Georgian form 'ank'wiriel' reflects the Greek 'Ankyras'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"კლემენტოს მამადმთავრისა დიდისა ჰრომის(ა)ჲ","severity":"info","text":"Clement of Rome, here titled 'Pope of Great Rome', is distinct from Clement of Ancyra; the Georgian 'mamadmtauri' translates 'papa'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ყ(ოვე)ლთა საბა წ(მი)დას გარდაცვალებ(უ)ლთა","severity":"info","text":"The commemoration of all departed holy fathers of Saint Saba's Lavra reflects a Palestinian monastic tradition incorporated into the Georgian calendar.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"იო(ვა)ნე ოქრ(ო)პირის(ა)ჲ ნაწილთა მოხუმაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The translation of John Chrysostom's relics from Kukusos to Constantinople occurred in 438; the Georgian 'mokhumay' means 'translation'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ჴს(ე)ნ(ე)ბა ყ(ოვე)ლთა წ(მიდა)თა მამათაჲ მეუდაბნოეთაჲ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'commemoration of all the holy desert fathers' is generic; the specific date or anchorite group intended is ambiguous without a fixed feast.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The month for entries 23–28 is not specified in this passage; the Coptic cues in the structural classification suggest a narrative sequence, but the exact month remains uncertain.","The identity of 'Bikentios' (entry 24) is unclear; possibly a variant of Vincent or a local saint."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":5,"ref":"p5","source":"კთ . ჯ(უა)რის(ა)ჲ რ(ომელ)ი ეჩუუენა ზეცით კოსტ(ა)ნტ(ი)ნე მეფესა დანობსა ზ(ედ)ა, და იგნატისი და Column of ms.: 25ვა ოქროპ(ი)რ(ი)ს(ა)ჲვე, და იოვანე მ(ა)მ(ა)ს(ა)ხლისისაჲ:.:..\n\nლ. იგნანტი მთ(ა)ვ(ა)რეპ(ის)კ(ო)პ(ოსი)ს(ა)ჲ ანტ(იო)ქ(ე)ლის(ა)ჲვე, და აბრაჰამ ეპ(ის)კ(ო)პ(ო)სის(ა)ჲ, კრეტელის(ა)ჲ, და იპოლიტჱსი.\n\nლა . ზაქარია მთ(ა)ვ(ა)რეპ(ის)კ(ო)პ(ოსი)ს(ა)ჲ ი(ერუსალ)ჱმ(ე)ლის(ა)ჲ რ(ომელ)ი წარიტყუენა ხუასრო მეფისა გან სპარსეთსა და მუნ აღესრულა, და ამბა კჳროს მ(ო)ნ(ა)ზ(ონი)ს(ა)ჲ და იოვანესი მ(ო)წ(ა)ფისა მის(ი)სა მ(ო)წ(ა)მეთაჲ :.:..","english":"25. Of the Cross that appeared in the sky to King Constantine above the Danube, and of Ignatius, and of the Golden-mouthed, and of John of Mamashkhliseli.\n\n30. Of Ignatius, the Patriarch of Antioch, and of Abraham, Bishop of Crete, and of Hippolytus.\n\n31. Of Zacharias, the Patriarch of Jerusalem, who was taken captive by King Khusro of Persia and there died, and of Abba Cyrus the monk, and of John, his disciple and martyr.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"კთ . ჯ(უა)რის(ა)ჲ ...","severity":"info","text":"The Georgian text numbers entries 29, 30, and 31, but the English draft labels them 25, 30, and 31. This discrepancy suggests a numbering error in the draft or a lacuna in the source.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ოქროპ(ი)რ(ი)ს(ა)ჲ","severity":"info","text":"The Georgian term 'ოქროპირისაჲ' (ok'rop'irisay) means 'of the Golden-mouthed,' a standard epithet for John Chrysostom. The English draft renders it as 'the Golden-mouthed,' which is correct.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ზაქარია ... წარიტყუენა ხუასრო მეფისა","severity":"info","text":"Zacharias, Patriarch of Jerusalem, was captured by the Sasanian king Khusro II during the Persian invasion of 614 CE. This event is historically attested and led to his death in captivity.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"იოვანე მ(ა)მ(ა)ს(ა)ხლისისაჲ","severity":"info","text":"John of Mamashkhliseli is a local Georgian saint, likely venerated in a specific monastery. His inclusion reflects the calendar's adaptation to Georgian hagiographic traditions.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"იგნატისი","severity":"caution","text":"The entry for Ignatius in line 29 is ambiguous: it may refer to Ignatius of Antioch (martyred c. 108) or another Ignatius. The following entry (30) specifies 'Ignatius, Patriarch of Antioch,' suggesting the first is a different figure.","cites":[{"key":"ed:iozosca2-iozos","label":"source edition: Ioane Zosime's Calendar","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/iozosca2/iozos.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The numbering of entry 29 in the English draft (as 25) does not match the Georgian (29), possibly due to a miscount or lacuna. The identity of Ignatius in entry 29 is unclear; it may be a different saint from the Ignatius in entry 30."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}