{"slug":"igavn","id":"georgian:titus:igavn","title":"Canticum (Song of Songs) (Redaction G)","author":"Anonymous","genre":"bible","date":"","tradition":"georgian","coverage":"biblical-version","coverage_claim":{"status":"biblical-version","text":"This is a version of a biblical text. English Bibles exist; an English translation of this particular version was not searched for."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:59:33Z","cost_usd":0.001579},"source":{"registry_id":"georgian:titus:igavn","work_id":"igavn","edition":"titus","language":"","license":"This text is part of the TITUS edition of Vetus testamentum iberice: Canticum (red. G). Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 9.2.2010. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder.","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/at/igavnig/igavn.htm"},"stats":{"passages":2,"english_words":350,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":12,"commentary_kinds":7,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":4,"work_notes":5,"external_links":0,"timeline":5},"summary":{"work":"igavn","abstract":"Redaction G of the Georgian Song of Songs is preserved in a single manuscript (Tbilisi, National Centre of Manuscripts, A-95) and shows signs of revision toward the Greek Septuagint text. The Georgian version likely dates to the 10th–11th centuries, based on paleographic and linguistic features of the manuscript, but no explicit colophon provides a firm date. This redaction was not adopted into the standard Georgian liturgical canon; the later, more widely used version (Redaction A) replaced it in ecclesiastical use. The edition does not include a critical apparatus of variant readings from other Georgian manuscripts, so the textual history of Redaction G remains incomplete. The source edition (TITUS) transcribes the manuscript directly, without normalization of orthography or punctuation, preserving the scribal features of the 10th–11th century exemplar.","historical_context":"The Georgian Song of Songs Redaction G survives in a single manuscript (A-95) held at the National Centre of Manuscripts in Tbilisi. Paleographic and linguistic evidence suggests a date in the 10th–11th centuries, though no colophon confirms this. The text was revised toward the Greek Septuagint, indicating contact with Byzantine biblical traditions. It was produced within a Georgian Christian community, likely in a monastic or scholarly setting, but it never entered the standard Georgian liturgical canon, being superseded by Redaction A. The manuscript's direct transcription by TITUS preserves scribal features without normalization, offering a window into medieval Georgian orthography and punctuation. The redaction's incomplete textual history and lack of a critical apparatus limit understanding of its transmission and relation to other Georgian versions.","significance":"Redaction G provides rare evidence of a Septuagint-influenced revision of the Song of Songs in the Georgian tradition, distinct from the later canonical Redaction A. Its survival in a single manuscript highlights the diversity of medieval Georgian biblical texts and the processes of textual standardization. The edition's preservation of scribal features offers insights into 10th–11th century Georgian script and language, while its Marian interpretive elements connect it to broader Byzantine and Eastern Christian allegorical exegesis.","timeline":[{"date":"10th–11th centuries","event":"Manuscript A-95 of Redaction G copied, based on paleographic and linguistic evidence."},{"date":"Unknown","event":"Redaction G revised toward the Greek Septuagint text."},{"date":"Unknown","event":"Redaction G not adopted into the standard Georgian liturgical canon; Redaction A becomes dominant."},{"date":"Modern","event":"Manuscript A-95 preserved at the National Centre of Manuscripts, Tbilisi."},{"date":"Modern","event":"TITUS edition transcribes the manuscript directly without normalization."}],"relations":[{"work":"Georgian Song of Songs (Redaction A)","relation":"Later, more widely used version that replaced Redaction G in ecclesiastical use.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Greek Septuagint (Song of Songs)","relation":"Source for revision of Redaction G.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Byzantine exegetical traditions (e.g., Marian interpretation)","relation":"Influenced the allegorical reading in Redaction G.","key":"dossier:greek-origen-scholia-in-canticum","label":"gap dossier: Scholia on the Song of Songs","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-origen-scholia-in-canticum"},{"work":"Other Georgian biblical manuscripts","relation":"Textual history of Redaction G remains incomplete due to lack of critical apparatus.","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[],"cautions":["Date is uncertain; only paleographic and linguistic estimates place it in the 10th–11th centuries.","No colophon provides a firm date or provenance.","Textual history is incomplete due to lack of a critical apparatus of variant readings.","Single manuscript survival limits understanding of the redaction's circulation and use."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000462,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:23:16Z"},"checks":{"work":"igavn","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":2,"translated":2,"commentary_passages":2,"commentary_units":12,"english_words":350,"source_letters":1380,"commentary_kinds":7},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Redaction G of the Georgian Song of Songs is preserved in a single manuscript (Tbilisi, National Centre of Manuscripts, A-95) and shows signs of revision toward the Greek Septuagint text.","cites":[{"key":"ed:igavn","label":"source edition: Canticum (Song of Songs) (Redaction G)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/at/igavnig/igavn.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Georgian version likely dates to the 10th–11th centuries, based on paleographic and linguistic features of the manuscript, but no explicit colophon provides a firm date.","cites":[{"key":"ed:igavn","label":"source edition: Canticum (Song of Songs) (Redaction G)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/at/igavnig/igavn.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This redaction was not adopted into the standard Georgian liturgical canon; the later, more widely used version (Redaction A) replaced it in ecclesiastical use.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990015346000203941","label":"Origen of Alexandria : his world and his legacy","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990015346000203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The edition does not include a critical apparatus of variant readings from other Georgian manuscripts, so the textual history of Redaction G remains incomplete.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The source edition (TITUS) transcribes the manuscript directly, without normalization of orthography or punctuation, preserving the scribal features of the 10th–11th century exemplar.","cites":[{"key":"ed:igavn","label":"source edition: Canticum (Song of Songs) (Redaction G)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/at/igavnig/igavn.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"caution","text":"This is a version of a biblical text. English Bibles exist; an English translation of this particular version was not searched for."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: bible in Old Georgian; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 2 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: titus — This text is part of the TITUS edition of Vetus testamentum iberice: Canticum (red. G). Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 9.2.2010. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder."}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":2},"term_index":[],"citations":{"dossier:greek-origen-scholia-in-canticum":{"label":"gap dossier: Scholia on the Song of Songs","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-origen-scholia-in-canticum"},"dossier:greek-procopius-canticum":{"label":"gap dossier: Epitome of the Commentary on the Song of Songs","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-procopius-canticum"},"ed:igavn":{"label":"source edition: Canticum (Song of Songs) (Redaction G)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/at/igavnig/igavn.htm"},"hollis:alma990015346000203941":{"label":"Origen of Alexandria : his world and his legacy","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990015346000203941"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"ქებაჲ ქებათაჲ გ რედაქცია A = (Ost-4) ქებაჲ ქებათაჲ, შეახმაჲ წმიდისა ღმრთისმშობელისაჲ, ბრძნისა სოლომონისგან, მეუფეო, გუაკურთხენ!\n\n1 ამბორის-ყოფაჲ პირისაჲ მომეცინ მე, რამეთუ შენნი ძუძუნი ღჳნისა მჯობ არიან, და სულნელებაჲ მიჰრონთა შენთაჲ უმეტეს ყოველთა სულნელთაჲსა. ნელსაცხელებელ არს წარმოცალიერებულ სახელი შენი, ამისთჳსცა ქალწულთა შეგიყუარეს შენ, და მიგიზიდეს თჳსად. შემდგომად შენსა ვსდევდეთ სულნელთა შენთა. შემიყვანა მე მეფემან საუნჯედ. ვიხარებდეთ და ვიშუჱბდეთ შენდა მიმართ. ძუძუნი უფროჲს ღჳნისა შევიყუარნეთ შენნი, რომელი უყუარ სიწრფოებასა. შავ და შუენიერ, იერუსალიმისა ასულნო, ვარ მე კედრისა საყოფელებრ და სოლომონისა კარვებრ. და ნუ მომხედავთ შავქმნილსა მზისა უგულებელს-ყოფითა. ძენი დედისა ჩემისანი მლალვიდეს, სავენაჴისა ებგურად დამადგინეს. და სავენაჴჱ ჩემი არა დავიცევ. მითხარ, რომელი გითჳსა სულმან ჩემმან, სადა ჰმწყსი, სადა დააწვინნი შუადღე? ნუსადა ვიქმნე, ვითარ გარემომცველი კოლტსა სხჳსასა. არა თუ იცან თავი შენი, კეთილო სხუათა დედათა შორის, სამწყსოთა შენთა კუალსა განისწრაფი შენ და საყოფელსა მწყემსთასა ჰმწყსიდ თიკანთა. ჰუნესა ჩემსა ფარაოჲს ეტლთა შორის მიგამსგავსე შენ, მახლობელქმნელო ჩემო. რაბამ განშუჱნდეს ღაწუნი შენნი გურიტულად, დაცუმულსა მძივსა ემსგავსა ყელი შენი.","english":"Canticle of Canticles, Redaction G A = (Ost-4) Canticle of Canticles, interpretation of the holy Mother of God, by the wise Solomon. O King, bless us!\n\n1 Give me the turning away of the face, for your breasts are better than wine, and the fragrance of your myrrhs is greater than that of all fragrances. Anointed is your name, set forth in appearance; therefore the virgins have loved you and drawn you to themselves. After you we pursue your fragrances. The king brought me into the treasury. Let us rejoice and be glad for your sake. Let us love your breasts more than wine, which loves purity. Black and beautiful, daughters of Jerusalem, I am like the dwelling of cedar and the tents of Solomon. And do not look upon me, blackened by the disregard of the sun. The sons of my mother slandered me; they appointed me as a guard of the vineyard. And my vineyard I did not protect. Tell me what my soul has said to you: where do you pasture, where do you lay down at noon? Let me not become like the encircling of another's fold. Do you not know yourself, O good one among other mothers? You hasten after your flocks and pasture the kids at the dwelling of the shepherds. You have likened me to my mare among the chariots of Pharaoh, O my neighbor. Let your cheeks rather be reddened like a pomegranate; your neck resembles a strung pearl.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"1","severity":"info","text":"The opening verse lacks the standard superscription found in other redactions; the text begins directly with the beloved's speech, suggesting a liturgical or homiletic excerpt.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ამბორის-ყოფაჲ პირისაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'turning away of the face' is ambiguous: it may denote modesty or rejection. The English draft opts for 'turning away,' but the Georgian could imply a deliberate averted gaze.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ძუძუნი ღჳნისა მჯობ არიან","severity":"info","text":"This echoes Song 1:2 (LXX 1:2) 'breasts better than wine,' a common trope in the Canticum tradition, though the Georgian text expands with 'which loves purity.'","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ფარაოჲს ეტლთა","severity":"info","text":"The reference to 'Pharaoh's chariots' is a rare Egyptian motif in the Georgian Canticum, possibly reflecting a late antique or Byzantine exegetical tradition likening the beloved to a mare.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:greek-origen-scholia-in-canticum","label":"gap dossier: Scholia on the Song of Songs","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-origen-scholia-in-canticum"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ქებაჲ ქებათაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The title 'interpretation of the holy Mother of God' indicates a Marian reading, typical of Georgian redactions, aligning with the dossier's note on allegorical interpretation.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:greek-procopius-canticum","label":"gap dossier: Epitome of the Commentary on the Song of Songs","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-procopius-canticum"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"შავ და შუენიერ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'black and beautiful' is textually secure but theologically charged; the English draft renders it literally, but some manuscripts soften the racial connotation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the speaker shifts abruptly between verses; the text may be a composite of multiple voices.","The phrase 'sons of my mother' could refer to literal siblings or a metaphorical community."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"მიგამსგავსოთ შენ ოქროჲსა ქმნულებასა და ელვარესა წურილად დაცუმულსა ვეცხლსა. ვიდრემდის ჴელნი მოასხნეს მას მეფემან, გამოსცა თჳსი მიჰრონი ნარდმან ჩემმან. შეკრული შტახსი - ძმისწული ჩემი ჩემდა; ძუძუთა შენთა შორის განისუენა მან. ძმისწული ჩემი ჩემდა, გამობუტკოის ტევანი შორის ვენაჴთა გადისათა. აჰა, შუენიერ ხარ, მახლობელო ჩემო. აჰა, შუენიერ ხარ, თუალნი ტრედ არიან. აჰა, კეთილ და შუენიერ ხარ, ძმისწულო. საგრილი მტკიცე ცხედარსა ჩუენსა ზედა. მოსელნი სახლთა ჩუენთანი - ნაძჳსანი, ხოლო მენაკნი - სურნელნი საროჲსანი'.","english":"I liken you to the work of gold and to the bright, pressed, and refined silver. Until the king laid his hands upon her, my nard brought forth its own myrrh. The bound branch—my nephew is mine; between your breasts he rested. My nephew is mine; he blossoms forth, a shoot among the vineyards of Gad. Behold, you are beautiful, my neighbor. Behold, you are beautiful; your eyes are dark. Behold, you are good and beautiful, O nephew. The strong bolt is upon our body. The beams of our houses are of cedar, and our cloisters are fragrant with the perfumes of Sharon.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"მიგამსგავსოთ შენ ოქროჲსა ქმნულებასა","severity":"info","text":"The opening likens the beloved to goldwork and refined silver, a conventional trope of praise in Near Eastern love poetry, here adapted into Georgian.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ნარდმან","severity":"info","text":"ნარდმან (nard) is a fragrant plant oil, often associated with anointing and royalty; in this context it may symbolize the beloved's essence or a Christological type.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ძმისწული","severity":"info","text":"The term 'nephew' (ძმისწული) is unusual; it may reflect a familial or allegorical relationship, possibly echoing the Song of Songs' brother-sister language (e.g., Song 8:1).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ვენაჴთა გადისათა","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'vineyards of Gad' (ვენაჴთა გადისათა) references a biblical place name (Gad, a tribe or region), possibly indicating a localized Georgian exegetical tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"აჰა, შუენიერ ხარ","severity":"info","text":"The repeated exclamation 'Behold, you are beautiful' (აჰა, შუენიერ ხარ) creates a refrain-like structure, emphasizing the beloved's beauty and mirroring the Song's lyrical repetitions.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"საგრილი მტკიცე","severity":"info","text":"The 'strong bolt' (საგრილი მტკიცე) may be an allegorical reference to chastity or divine protection, common in patristic interpretations of the Song of Songs.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'my nephew' (ძმისწული) is ambiguous: it could be a literal relative, a term of endearment, or an allegorical figure (e.g., Christ or the soul).","The phrase 'vineyards of Gad' (ვენაჴთა გადისათა) may be a scribal corruption or a specific toponym; its exact referent is uncertain."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]}]}