{"slug":"hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","id":"coptic:coptic-ocr:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","title":"Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","author":"Anonymous","genre":"hagiography","date":"","tradition":"coptic","coverage":"unknown","publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-14T04:23:17Z","cost_usd":0.0191},"source":{"registry_id":"coptic:coptic-ocr:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","work_id":"hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","edition":"coptic-ocr","license":"GNU GPL-3.0","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"},"stats":{"passages":26,"english_words":4099,"coptic_letters":12609,"commentary_units":139,"commentary_kinds":8,"derived_notes":15,"ambiguities":46,"work_notes":4,"external_links":0,"timeline":6},"summary":{"work":"hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","abstract":"The Martyrdom of Cyril of Jerusalem is a Coptic hagiography that narrates the trial, torture, and execution of Cyril, presented as archbishop of Jerusalem. The text follows the conventional Coptic martyrdom pattern and survives in fragmentary Sahidic Coptic manuscripts with lacunae. It likely dates to the 6th–8th centuries, reflecting a post-Chalcedonian milieu. The work includes elevated, liturgical language with repetitive prayers and acclamations, and Greek loanwords typical of hagiographic style. This is the first English translation; earlier versions exist in Latin and French. The narrative also incorporates the discovery of the true cross, linking Cyril to Helena and Constantine, and emphasizes orthodox faith and ecclesiastical authority.","historical_context":"The text was composed in Coptic, likely in Egypt, within a monastic or ecclesiastical community that produced hagiographies celebrating saints and martyrs. The 6th–8th century date places it after the Council of Chalcedon (451), in a period when Coptic Christianity developed its own literary and liturgical traditions, often in tension with Byzantine orthodoxy. The work survives in fragmentary Sahidic manuscripts, indicating transmission in Upper Egyptian monasteries. It belongs to the genre of Coptic martyrdom accounts, which typically follow a pattern of trial, torture, and execution, and often incorporate legendary elements. The association with Cyril of Jerusalem (traditionally 4th century) and the cross discovery legend links the text to earlier traditions about Helena and Constantine, but the hagiography likely reworks these for a later Coptic audience. The edition by Hyvernat and Balestri reconstructs the narrative from multiple witnesses, but lacunae and uncertain readings remain.","significance":"This hagiography is significant as a witness to Coptic Christian identity and literary production in the post-Chalcedonian period. It adapts the cross-discovery legend to a martyrdom narrative, emphasizing orthodox faith and ecclesiastical authority. The text also illustrates the transmission and adaptation of earlier traditions in Coptic, and its fragmentary survival highlights the challenges of reconstructing late antique Christian literature.","timeline":[{"date":"4th c.","event":"Cyril of Jerusalem (c. 313–386) serves as bishop of Jerusalem; associated with catechetical lectures and Nicene orthodoxy."},{"date":"4th c.","event":"Legend of the discovery of the true cross by Helena, mother of Constantine, develops."},{"date":"6th–8th c.","event":"Coptic Martyrdom of Cyril of Jerusalem likely composed in Sahidic Coptic."},{"date":"Medieval","event":"Manuscripts of the text copied and transmitted in Egyptian monasteries."},{"date":"19th–20th c.","event":"Hyvernat and Balestri edit and translate the text into Latin and French."},{"date":"21st c.","event":"First English translation produced from the Coptic fragments."}],"relations":[{"work":"Martyrdom of Cyriacus of Jerusalem","relation":"Similar title and content; possibly variant traditions of the same figure.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Coptic Martyrdom of Peter of Alexandria","relation":"Shares the conventional Coptic martyrdom pattern and post-Chalcedonian context.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Eusebius, Life of Constantine","relation":"Earlier source for the cross-discovery legend, reworked in this hagiography.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Cyril of Jerusalem, Catechetical Lectures","relation":"Historical Cyril's authentic works; the hagiography is a later legendary elaboration.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Hyvernat and Balestri edition","relation":"Primary modern edition and translation of the Coptic fragments.","key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"external_links":[],"cautions":["The date of composition is uncertain; the 6th–8th century range is a scholarly estimate based on manuscript tradition and genre conventions.","The text survives only in fragmentary form with lacunae; some proper names and toponyms are conjectural.","The identification of the protagonist with the historical Cyril of Jerusalem is traditional but not certain; the hagiography may be a later invention.","The relationship between this text and other Coptic martyrdom accounts of Cyriacus is unclear; they may represent variant traditions."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000569,"generated":"2026-11-14T03:30:56Z"},"checks":{"work":"hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":26,"translated":26,"commentary_passages":26,"commentary_units":139,"english_words":4099,"coptic_letters":12609,"commentary_kinds":8},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The sole surviving Coptic manuscript is fragmentary, with lacunae in the opening and closing sections. The text is preserved in a single parchment codex from the White Monastery.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The work is conventionally dated to the 5th–7th centuries, but this rests on linguistic and codicological criteria, not on any internal or external historical reference.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Cyril of Jerusalem is commemorated in the Coptic Synaxarion on 8 Bashans, but this martyrdom account is not used in the extant liturgical readings for that day.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The OCR-based source edition contains unresolved readings for several damaged folios; the present annotation cannot verify all transcriptions against the original manuscript.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: hagiography in Sahidic Coptic; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 19 narrative, 7 dialogue."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","text":"4 glossary term(s) recorded at first occurrence from a curated list of 53; the term index below gives the rendering and the count."},{"kind":"caution","severity":"caution","text":"3 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: coptic-ocr — GNU GPL-3.0"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":19,"dialogue":7},"term_index":[{"coptic":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","english":"bishop","count":3,"first_passage":6,"note":""},{"coptic":"ⲁⲙⲏⲛ","english":"amen","count":2,"first_passage":1,"note":"Transliterated Hebrew, left untranslated in the liturgy and in the doxologies that close a homily."},{"coptic":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","english":"soul","count":2,"first_passage":8,"note":"Greek ψυχή; 'life' where the sense is the living person rather than the soul that survives death."},{"coptic":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","english":"church","count":1,"first_passage":2,"note":"The building, the congregation, and the institution all take this word; the context decides, and 'assembly' is rare outside citations of Acts."}],"citations":{"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem":{"label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"*Ϯⲙⲁⲣⲧⲩⲣⲓⲁ̃ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲁ̃ⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁ̃ⲕⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉ̃ⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ\nⲛ̃ⲓⲗ︦ⲏ︦ⲙ︦ ⲫⲏ ⲉ̃ⲧⲁϥϫⲓⲙⲓ ⲙ̃ⲡⲓ⳧ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲛϭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲁⲛⲛⲁ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲁⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϩⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲁⲙⲏⲛ\nⲀⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉ̃ⲧⲁϥⲉⲣⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛϫⲉ ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛⲧⲓⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲇⲓⲕⲉⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲁⲙⲟⲛⲓ ⲙ̃ⲡⲓⲛⲁϩϯ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲛϭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉϥⲟⲓ\nⲙ̃ⲙⲁⲓⲭ︦ⲣ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛ̃ⲧⲁⲓϧⲉ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ ϩⲱⲥ ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲓⲕⲟⲥ ⲁⲛ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ\nϩⲱⲥ ⲥⲱⲧⲡ ⲛ̃ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛ̃ⲟⲣⲑⲟⲇⲟⲝⲟⲥ ⲉϥϯⲱ̃ⲟⲩ ⲙ̃ⲫ︤ϯ︥\nⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲧⲫⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϫⲓⲛϣⲉⲙϣⲓ ⲉⲥⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲛ̃ϫⲱⲣϩ ⲛⲉⲙ\nⲙⲉⲣⲓ ⲉϥϧⲟⲧϧⲉⲧ ⲛ̃ⲛⲓⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ ⲛ̃ⲛⲓϥⲓ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲫ︤ϯ︥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϫⲱϥ\nⲛ̃ϩⲏⲧ ⲁϥϯ ⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ ⲉ̃ⲉⲣⲃⲱⲕ ⲙ̃ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲉϥϫⲟⲙ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ\nⲙ̃ⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̃ⲇⲁⲩⲓⲇ ⲡⲓⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲁ̃ ⲇⲉ ⲙ̃ⲙⲁⲩ\nⲉ̃ⲗⲉⲛⲏ ⲉⲥⲉⲓ¹ ⲛϣⲁⲙϣⲉⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲉⲡⲓϩⲟⲩⲟ̃ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲥϩⲏⲧ ⲧⲏⲣϥ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲥϫⲏⲕ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲁ̃ⲣⲉⲧⲏ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲁ︦\nⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲁⲥⲉⲣⲉⲡⲓⲑⲩⲙⲓⲛ ⲉ̃ⲟⲩⲁϩ ⲡⲁⲓⲭⲉⲧ ⲉ̃ϫⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲥⲕⲁⲧⲟⲣⲑⲱⲙⲁ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲑⲣⲉⲥⲕⲱϯ ⲛ̃ⲥⲁ ⲡϣⲉ\nⲙⲡⲓ⳧ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲛϭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲥϧⲏⲙ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲁ︦\n[ⲁⲥⲓ̃ ⲉ̃ⲓⲗ]ⲏ︦ⲙ︦ ⲉ̃ϫⲱⲕ ⲉ̃ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉⲥⲉⲡⲓⲑⲩⲙⲓⲁ\n*Ⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ϫⲉ ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲥ ⲉⲟⲩⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ\nⲡⲅⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲛ̃ⲥⲧⲉⲫⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲡⲣⲟⲧⲟⲇⲓⲁⲕⲱⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲓⲡⲣⲟⲧⲟⲙⲁⲣⲧⲩⲣⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲟⲛϩϥ ⲛⲁⲥ ⲉ̃ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲕⲉⲓϥⲧ ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲑⲟⲝⲟⲩ ⲉ̃ⲛⲉⲛϫⲓϫ ⲙ̃ⲡⲉⲛϭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ϩⲓ ⲡⲓ⳧ ⲁϥⲛⲁϩϯ ϩⲱϥ\nⲉⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛ̃ⲥⲱⲓⲧ ⲉϥⲧⲁϫⲣⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲛ̃ⲧⲁⲓϧⲉ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛⲙⲏϣ ⲛ̃ⲧⲁϩⲟ ⲉ̃ⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ\nϩⲱⲥⲇⲉ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉϥⲉⲣⲡⲉⲙϣⲁ² ⲛ̃ϯⲙⲉⲧⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲣⲉⲩⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲭ︤ⲥ︥\nϧⲉⲛ ⲓⲗ︤ⲏ︦ⲙ︥ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ϯⲯⲩⲫⲟⲥ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲫ︤ϯ︥ ⲡⲓⲇⲏⲙⲓⲟⲩⲣⲅⲟⲥ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲩⲙⲟⲩϯ ⲉ̃ⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲛ ϫⲉ","english":"The martyrdom of Saint Cyriacus the Archbishop of Jerusalem, who found the holy cross of our Lord Jesus Christ and Anna his mother, in a peace of God. Amen.\n\nIt happened when Constantine the Just reigned; he strengthened the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ, being a Christian, not in a worldly manner, but as a chosen orthodox bishop, honoring God of heaven in holy worship, with zeal and love, interpreting the scriptures and the breaths of God with a burning heart. He gave his heart to the service of Christ with all his strength, like David the prophet. His blessed mother, however, Helen, came to worship God more in her whole heart, and being filled with all virtues of the Holy Spirit, she desired to place this treasure upon all her good deeds, which is to seek the wood of the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, and she was humble in spirit.\n\nShe came to Jerusalem to fulfill her desire. But woe, for Judas, a Jew from the lineage of Stephen the protodeacon and protomartyr, revealed himself to her, along with the other nails that were fixed in the hands of our Lord Jesus Christ on the cross. Judas himself believed in Christ and became a steadfast guide in this entire manner, with many standing.\n\nThen, when he performed the service of the high priesthood of Christ in Jerusalem through the vote of God the Creator, they called his name...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic term ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ is rendered as 'bishop' per the pinned glossary. In the title, it is compounded with ⲁⲣⲭⲏ- to form 'archbishop' (ⲡⲓⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ), a standard honorific for the see of Jerusalem.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲙⲏⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The transliterated Hebrew ⲁⲙⲏⲛ (amen) closes the doxological opening, a liturgical formula typical of Coptic hagiographic incipits. It is left untranslated per the pinned glossary.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛⲧⲓⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲇⲓⲕⲉⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Constantine the Just (ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛⲧⲓⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲇⲓⲕⲉⲟⲥ) is the emperor Constantine I, here styled with the epithet 'the Just' (ⲇⲓⲕⲉⲟⲥ). The passage aligns his reign with the strengthening of the Christian faith, a common hagiographic trope.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲉⲗⲉⲛⲏ","severity":"info","text":"Helen (ⲉⲗⲉⲛⲏ) is the empress Helena, mother of Constantine, traditionally credited with the discovery of the True Cross. The text presents her as the blessed mother (ⲧⲉϥⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲁ) of Cyriacus, a genealogical claim not found in standard accounts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Judas (ⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲥ) is identified as a Jew from the lineage of Stephen the protodeacon and protomartyr. This figure, also known as Judas Cyriacus or Judas Quiriacus, is a legendary character in the Invention of the Cross cycle, often depicted as a convert who reveals the cross's location.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛⲓⲗⲏⲙ","severity":"caution","text":"The title 'archbishop of Jerusalem' (ⲡⲓⲁⲣⲭⲏⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛⲓⲗⲏⲙ) is given to Cyriacus, but the historical bishop of Jerusalem in Constantine's time was Macarius. The text conflates Cyriacus with the discoverer of the cross, a known hagiographic anachronism.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic opening phrase ⲁⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲉⲣⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛϫⲉ ⲕⲱⲛⲥⲧⲁⲛⲧⲓⲛⲟⲥ is ambiguous: it may mean 'it happened when Constantine reigned' or 'it happened that Constantine reigned'. The English draft takes the temporal reading, which is standard for hagiographic narrative.","The phrase ⲛⲓⲕⲉⲓϥⲧ ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲑⲟⲝⲟⲩ ⲉⲛⲉⲛϫⲓϫ (the other nails that were fixed in our hands) is textually uncertain; the English draft interprets it as 'the other nails that were fixed in the hands of our Lord Jesus Christ', but the Coptic has ⲉⲛⲉⲛϫⲓϫ ('our hands'), which may be a scribal error or a liturgical first-person plural."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲁⲙⲏⲛ","text":"ⲁⲙⲏⲛ → “amen”. Transliterated Hebrew, left untranslated in the liturgy and in the doxologies that close a homily."}]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁ̃ⲕⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲥϫⲱⲕ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̃ϩⲁⲛⲕⲉⲙⲏϣ ⲛ̃ⲕⲁⲧⲟⲣⲑⲱⲙⲁ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ϯⲙⲁⲓⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲉ̃ⲗⲉⲛⲏ ⲁⲥⲉⲛⲕⲟⲧ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϩⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ\nⲠⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲕⲱⲥⲧⲁⲛⲧⲓⲛⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛ̃ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ\nⲉⲧϫⲏⲕ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ̃ϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ̃ⲡⲭ︤ⲥ︥ ⲁϥⲉⲣϩⲟⲩⲟ̃ ϭⲓⲥⲓ ⲉ̃ⲙⲁϣⲱ\nϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲁⲙⲁϩⲓ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ϯⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲉⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩϩⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ ⲕⲱϯ\nⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲥⲁⲥⲁ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥⲙ̃ⲧⲟⲛ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟϥ ⲉⲁϥϫⲫⲉ\nϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲃ̅ ⲕⲱⲥⲧⲁⲛⲧⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲕⲟⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲓ̃ ⲉ̃ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ\nⲕⲱⲥⲧⲁⲛⲧⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲉϥⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛ̃ϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲣⲉ ⲡⲉϥϩⲏⲧ\nϫⲏⲕ ⲉ̃ⲃⲟⲗ ⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲙ̃ⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲙ̃ⲡⲉϥⲓⲱⲧ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲁ̃ ⲫ︤ϯ︥\nⲫⲟⲛϫϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲓ̃ⲏⲥ *ⲉⲁϥⲓ̃ⲛⲓ ⲛ̃ⲕⲟⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲡⲉϥⲥⲟⲛ ⲉ̃ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ\nⲉⲟⲩⲙⲁⲭ︦ⲣ︦ⲥ̄ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲡⲓϩⲟⲩⲟ̃ ⲥⲭⲉⲇⲟⲛ ⲉϫⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙ̃ⲡⲉϥⲙⲟⲩ\nⲣⲱ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲕⲱⲥⲧⲁⲛⲧⲓⲛⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲣⲉ ϯϩⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ϣⲟⲡ\nϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ̃ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲡⲉ ⲉ̃ⲁ̃ ⲫⲙⲉⲩⲓ̃ ⲛ̃ⲛⲓⲣⲉϥϣⲁⲙϣⲉⲓ̃ⲇⲱⲗⲱⲛ ⲙⲟⲩⲛⲕ ⲉⲡⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲛⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲧⲥⲱⲛⲓ\nⲛ̃ⲕⲱⲥⲧⲁⲛⲧⲓⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ⲉⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲓⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲉ̃ⲟⲩⲁ̃ⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲅⲛⲱⲙⲏ ⲉϥⲙⲉⲓ ⲛ̃ϯⲙⲉⲧϣⲁⲙϣⲉⲓ̃ⲇⲱⲗⲟⲛ\nⲫⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲕⲟⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ ϫⲉ ⲉϥⲟⲓ\nⲛ̃ⲁ̃ⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲙ̃ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲁϥⲧⲏⲓϥ ⲉ̃ϯⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲁⲩⲁⲓϥ\nⲛ̃ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲱⲛⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁ̃ⲣⲏⲟⲩ ϥⲛⲁϣⲓⲃϯ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉϥⲅⲛⲱⲙⲏ ⲉⲧϩⲱⲟⲩ\nⲈⲧⲁϥⲙⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲕⲟⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲁϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ⲛ̃ϯⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ\nⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲁⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲉ̃ⲧⲉⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲓⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲥⲁⲧⲟⲧϥ\nⲁϥϩⲓⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲉϯⲙⲉⲧϩⲉⲗⲗⲏⲛⲟⲥ ⲉⲁϥⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ̃ⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛ\nⲙ̃ⲫⲣⲟ ⲛ̃ⲛⲓⲉⲣⲫⲏⲟⲩⲓ̃ ⲛ̃ⲕⲉⲥⲟⲡ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉ̃ⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥ¹ ϩⲁⲛⲛⲓϣϯ\nⲛ̃ϧⲓⲥⲓ ⲛ̃ⲛⲓⲭⲣⲏⲥⲧⲓⲁ̃ⲛⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲡⲁⲣⲁⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ ϫⲉ ϯⲛⲁⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥ² ⲃⲁⲥⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲙⲉⲛ ⲁⲛ ⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲭⲣⲏⲥⲧⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲛ̃ⲛⲟⲩϣⲟⲩϣⲟⲩ ⲙ̃ⲙⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲁⲛⲉⲣⲙⲁⲣⲧⲩⲣⲟⲥ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ","english":"Cyriacus. And when the God-loving Helena had completed many other good works, she rested in peace. Now King Constantine, because of his great love which was fulfilled toward Christ, increased greatly in honor in the first part of his reign, for there was peace surrounding him on all sides, and he settled himself, having begotten two sons, Constantine and Constans. Constantine, his eldest son, came to his place, and his heart was not fulfilled in the manner of his father. But God turned him away in a short time, and brought Constans, his brother, to his place. He was a believer, for the most part, almost to the point that he did not die. Constantine, the peace of God was present in all the churches, for the memory of the idolaters had entirely ceased. Now there was a son of Constantine's sister, whose name was Julian, who was lawless in his character, loving the worship of idols. When Constans the king saw him, that he was lawless in this manner, he brought him into the church and made him a deacon, saying, \"Perhaps he will change his evil character.\" When Constans died, that impious Julian seized the kingdom, and immediately he turned to Hellenism, desiring to open the doors of the temples again and to raise up great torments for the Christians, saying in his lawlessness, \"I will raise up tortures, not for the Christians to honor them as martyrs, but...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲁⲅⲁⲡⲏ (agapē) here denotes 'love' in a spiritual sense, not the liturgical meal. The text uses it to describe Constantine's devotion to Christ.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ (ekklēsia) appears twice in this passage, referring to the institutional church or the building, as in Constans bringing Julian into the church to make him a deacon.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲓⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Julian (ⲓⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ) is the Emperor Julian the Apostate (r. 361–363 CE), known for his attempt to revive paganism. The hagiography anachronistically places him as a nephew of Constantine the Great.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage transitions from the peaceful reign of Constantine and Constans to the rise of Julian, setting up the conflict that will lead to the martyrdom of Cyriacus. The narrative uses contrast between pious and impious rulers.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲓ̃ ⲉ̃ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲕⲱⲥⲧⲁⲛⲧⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic says Constantine's eldest son 'came to his place' (ⲁϥⲓ̃ ⲉ̃ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ), likely meaning he succeeded to rule, but the text is ambiguous about whether this refers to co-rule or inheritance. The English draft interprets it as succession.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The portrayal of Julian as a deacon who later apostatizes is a hagiographical trope, not historical. This reflects the Coptic tradition's emphasis on the contrast between Christian piety and pagan persecution.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'ⲁϥⲓ̃ ⲉ̃ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ' (came to his place) is ambiguous: it may mean Constantine's son succeeded him as ruler or simply arrived at his location. The reading taken is succession.","The Coptic 'ⲙ̃ⲡⲉϥⲙⲟⲩ ⲣⲱ' (he did not die) is unclear; the English draft interprets it as Constans almost dying, but the Coptic may be corrupt or elliptical."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ","text":"ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ → “church”. The building, the congregation, and the institution all take this word; the context decides, and 'assembly' is rare outside citations of Acts."}]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"ϯⲛⲁⲧϩⲉⲙⲕⲱⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓ*ⲇⲏⲙⲟⲥⲓⲟⲛ\nϣⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲱⲗ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̃ⲫⲏ ⲉ̃ⲧⲁⲩⲉⲣⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲱⲛⲓⲛ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟϥ","english":"I will not be cast into the public prisons until they release the one whom they have crucified.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ϯⲛⲁⲧϩⲉⲙⲕⲱⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓ*ⲇⲏⲙⲟⲥⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The speaker declares they will not be imprisoned in public jails, asserting a refusal of civic punishment. The verb ϯⲛⲁⲧϩⲉⲙⲕⲱⲟⲩ is a first-person future with a negated optative sense.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲓ*ⲇⲏⲙⲟⲥⲓⲟⲛ","severity":"info","text":"ⲇⲏⲙⲟⲥⲓⲟⲛ (dēmosion) is a Greek loanword meaning 'public' or 'state-owned'; here it modifies prisons, indicating official Roman or civic detention facilities. The asterisk marks a scribal or editorial insertion.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲣⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲱⲛⲓⲛ","severity":"info","text":"ⲉⲣⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲱⲛⲓⲛ is a Greek-derived verb meaning 'to crucify'. Its use here directly references the crucifixion of Christ, as the speaker refers to 'the one whom they have crucified'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲫⲏ ⲉ̃ⲧⲁⲩⲉⲣⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲱⲛⲓⲛ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟϥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the one whom they have crucified' is a clear reference to Jesus Christ, echoing New Testament passion narratives (e.g., Matthew 27:35, Mark 15:24). The passive construction emphasizes the act of crucifixion as a historical event.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩϫⲱⲗ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ϫⲱⲗ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ means 'to release' or 'to set free'. In a hagiographic context, this may allude to the release of a prisoner or the resurrection of Christ, though the immediate sense is literal: the speaker will not be jailed until the crucified one is freed.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ϯⲛⲁⲧϩⲉⲙⲕⲱⲟⲩ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic verb form ϯⲛⲁⲧϩⲉⲙⲕⲱⲟⲩ is ambiguous: it could be read as a first-person singular future with a negated jussive ('I will not be cast') or as a third-person passive. The English draft takes the first-person reading, which is plausible but not certain.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic verb ϯⲛⲁⲧϩⲉⲙⲕⲱⲟⲩ may be first-person singular or a passive construction; the English draft adopts the first-person reading.","The identity of 'the one whom they have crucified' is contextually Christ, but the text does not name him explicitly here."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ ϫⲉ\nⲫⲏ ⲉⲑⲛⲁϣⲉⲙϣⲓ ⲛ̃ⲛⲓⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲉϥⲉϯ ⲛⲟⲩⲗⲟⲩⲕⲟⲧⲓⲛ\nⲛ̃ⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲛ̃ϯⲣⲟⲙⲡⲓ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲑⲛⲁϣⲉⲙϣⲓ ⲛ̃ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲉⲣⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲱⲛⲓⲛ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟϥ ⲉϥⲉϯ ⲛⲅ̅ϯ ⲛ̃ⲟⲅⲅⲓⲁ̃ ⲛ̃ⲛⲟⲩⲃ ⲉ̃ⲧⲁⲩⲓ̃ⲛⲓ ⲇⲉ\nⲛⲛⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ ⲉϯⲡⲁⲗⲉⲥⲧⲓⲛⲏ ⲁϥⲑⲱⲟⲩϯ ⲛⲛⲓⲙⲏϣ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁⲕⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲥ\nϫⲉ ϭⲣⲟ ⲙ̃ⲙⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲙⲛⲟⲙϯ ϫⲉ\nⲟⲩⲏⲓ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛⲁϯ ⲉϩⲣⲏⲓ ⲉϫⲱⲛ ⲙⲡⲉⲣϫⲱⲗ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̃ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϭ︤ⲥ︥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲧⲏⲣϥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲏⲓ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ϣϫⲟⲙ\nⲛ̃ⲧⲉϥϫⲓϫ ⲉϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ϯⲉⲣⲙⲉⲑⲣⲉ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲙ̃ⲡⲁⲓⲉ̃ϩⲟⲟⲩ\nϫⲉ ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲁ̃ⲙⲟⲛⲓ ⲛ̃ϯϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ ⲉⲧⲧⲁϫⲣⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ\nⲉⲡⲉⲛⲛⲏⲃ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ϥⲛⲁⲭⲁ ⲟⲩϥⲱⲓ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲫⲉ ⲁⲛ ⲉ̃ⲕⲓⲙ\nⲛⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ ⲁϥⲥϧⲏⲧⲟⲩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ϯⲭⲱⲣⲁ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ ⲉ̃ⲧⲉⲙⲙⲁⲩ\nⲉϥⲧⲁϫⲣⲟ ⲙ̃ⲡⲟⲩϩⲏⲧ ϧⲉⲛ ⲫⲛⲁϩϯ ⲙ̃ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲁ ⲡⲓϣⲓⲛⲓ ⲇⲉ\nⲧⲁϩⲉ ⲓⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁ̃ⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲉⲑⲃⲏⲧϥ ⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ ⲛⲁϥ\nⲛⲟⲩⲉⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲗⲏ ⲙ̃ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ϫⲉ ⲕⲏⲛ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ ⲉⲕⲧⲁⲥⲑⲟ ⲙ̃ⲡϩⲏⲧ ⲛ̃ⲛⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϩⲁ ⲛⲓⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛ̃ⲣⲉϥⲧⲟⲩϫⲟ ⲙⲙⲟⲛ\nϣⲉ ⲡⲓⲍⲉⲩⲥ ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲧⲁⲥⲑⲟ ⲉ̃ⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ϯⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲥ ϯⲛⲁϣⲁⲧ\n*ⲛⲓⲭⲣⲏⲥⲧⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲛ̃ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲁⲓϫⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲡⲕⲉⲛⲑⲟⲕ ϩⲱⲕ ϯⲛⲁϯ\nⲙ̃ⲕⲁϩ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲓ̃ⲛⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̃ⲛⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ ⲙ̃ⲡⲓⲉ̃ⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ ϩⲱϥ ⲛⲟⲩⲉⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲗⲏ ⲛⲁϥ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲉϣⲱⲡ\nⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲧⲁⲥⲑⲟⲕ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ϯⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲥ ⲙ̃ⲡⲉ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲛ̃ϧⲏⲧ\nⲉ̃ⲛⲉϩ\nⲀϥϫⲱⲛⲧ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲓⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁ̃ⲛⲟⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲉⲛϣⲁϣⲓ\nⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲓⲱⲧ ⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲓ̃ ⲉ̃ⲓⲗ︦ⲏ︦ⲙ︦ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲁϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲓ\nⲉⲓ̃ⲛⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ⲙ̃ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁⲕⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲉⲛϥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲛ̃ⲑⲟⲕ ⲡⲉ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧϣⲑⲟⲣⲧⲉⲣ ⲛ̃ϯⲡⲁⲗⲉⲥⲧⲓⲛⲏ ⲉⲕⲧⲁϩⲛⲟ ⲙ̃ⲡϣⲉⲙϣⲓ","english":"And in this manner he wrote from his kingdom, saying: \"He who will serve the gods, let him give one *loukotin* of one year. He who will serve the one whom they have crucified, let him give 33 *oggia* of gold.\" When they brought these writings to the palace, the blessed Cyriacus gathered the multitudes and spoke to them, saying: \"Be strong, my children, and find righteousness, for the house of Christ will come down upon us. Do not loosen your grip because of this whole world, for the house has power in his hand over all things. I bear witness to you on this day that if we hope in the steadfast hope within our Lord Christ, he will not place a shame upon our head.\" These things also he wrote throughout the whole region, strengthening their hearts in the faith of Christ. But the inquiry reached Julian the Transgressor concerning him, and he wrote to him an epistle thus: \"You are commanded to turn the hearts of the people away from the gods who save us, to Zeus. If you turn them from the Persian [faith], I will give you many gifts. I will give you honors. I will give you the Christians whom I have mentioned. And you yourself, I will give you pain.\" When these writings were brought to the bishop, he also wrote an epistle to him, saying: \"If you have turned from the Persian [faith] of Christ, do not speak of it forever.\" Then Julian became enraged with the great wrath of his father the devil. He came to Jerusalem and commanded that the blessed Cyriacus be brought to him. When he was brought, he said to him: \"Are you the one who disturbs the palace and hinders the service?","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲗⲟⲩⲕⲟⲧⲓⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The term 'loukotin' is a Coptic loanword from Greek 'loukotinon', likely a unit of weight or coinage. Its precise value is uncertain, but it is used here as a measure of tribute.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲟⲅⲅⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"'Oggia' is a Coptic borrowing of Greek 'oungia' (Latin 'uncia'), a unit of weight equivalent to about 27 grams. The number 33 may symbolically allude to Christ's age at crucifixion.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲓⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Julian the Transgressor refers to the Roman emperor Julian (r. 361–363 CE), known for his attempt to revive paganism and his opposition to Christianity. The epithet 'transgressor' reflects Christian polemic.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲭⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the house of Christ will come down upon us' may echo New Testament imagery of divine protection or judgment (cf. Acts 2:2, 1 Cor 3:16). The nomina sacra ⲡⲭⲥ abbreviates ⲡⲭⲣⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ","severity":"info","text":"The passage alternates between imperial decrees and Cyriacus's responses, creating a rhetorical pattern of challenge and counter-challenge. The repetition of 'he wrote' (ⲁϥⲥϧⲁⲓ) frames the conflict as a written exchange.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ϯⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'Persian [faith]' (ϯⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲥ) is ambiguous: it may refer to Zoroastrianism or, more likely, to Christianity as a 'Persian' religion due to its Eastern origins. The Coptic text does not clarify the referent.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The term 'loukotin' is not clearly defined; it may be a coin or weight. The phrase 'Persian [faith]' is ambiguous, possibly referring to Christianity or Zoroastrianism. The number 33 may be symbolic but is not explicitly explained."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":5,"ref":"p5","source":"ⲛ̃ⲛⲓⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ\nⲁϩⲁ ⲁ̃ⲛⲟⲕ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲁⲥⲟ̃ϩⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲣⲁⲧⲥ ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲁⲩ\nⲉ̃ⲁⲥⲉⲣϧⲉⲗⲗⲱ ⲉⲥⲕⲉⲛⲓⲱⲟⲩⲧ ⲉ̃ⲙⲁϣⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲓⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲙ ⲛ̃ⲧⲁⲕ ⲧⲉ ⲑⲁⲓ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲧⲁⲙⲁⲩ","english":"The gods said to him, \"Ha! I am the one who will teach you.\" And his mother stood with him, having grown old and bent over. Julian said, \"Who are you?\" She said, \"My mother.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϩⲁ ⲁ̃ⲛⲟⲕ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲁⲥⲟ̃ϩⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The gods' exclamation 'Ha!' and claim to teach Cyriacus is ironic, as pagan deities are portrayed as impotent before the Christian martyr. The Coptic ⲁϩⲁ is an interjection of scorn or surprise.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲟ̃ϩⲓ","severity":"info","text":"ⲥⲟ̃ϩⲓ (teach) is a Sahidic Coptic verb. The speaker is a pagan god, but the martyr Cyriacus is the true teacher of Christian faith, a common hagiographic inversion.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲓⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Julian (ⲓⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ) is likely the Roman emperor Julian the Apostate (r. 361–363), a frequent antagonist in Coptic martyrdoms. His presence here is anachronistic, as Cyriacus of Jerusalem is a legendary figure.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue between the pagan gods, Julian, and Cyriacus's mother. The mother's sudden appearance and her identification as 'my mother' (ⲧⲁⲙⲁⲩ) by Cyriacus is a narrative shift, introducing a familial confrontation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲧⲁⲙⲁⲩ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲧⲁⲙⲁⲩ ('my mother') is ambiguous: it could be Cyriacus speaking to Julian, or the mother identifying herself. The English draft assigns it to the mother, but the Coptic lacks an explicit speaker tag.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The speaker of ⲧⲁⲙⲁⲩ ('my mother') is unclear: it may be Cyriacus addressing Julian, or the mother identifying herself. The English draft takes the latter, but the Coptic does not specify.","The phrase ⲁϩⲁ ⲁ̃ⲛⲟⲕ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲁⲥⲟ̃ϩⲓ could be read as a single utterance by one god or as a sequence of speakers; the text does not mark change of speaker."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":6,"ref":"p6","source":"ⲙ̃ⲙⲁⲓⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲓⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲥ ϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲙ\nⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲣⲁⲛ ⲛ̃ⲑⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁⲥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲛ ⲙⲉⲛ ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲧⲏⲓϥ\nⲉ̃ⲣⲟⲓ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲓⲟϯ ⲡⲉ ⲁⲛⲛⲁ ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲙ̃ⲙⲏⲓ ⲡⲉ\nⲭⲣⲓⲥⲧⲓⲁⲛⲏ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲓⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ\nⲛ̃ⲧⲁⲓ̃ⲟ̃ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲱ̃ⲟⲩ ⲭⲏ ⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲉⲣⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁ ⲙ̃ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛ̃ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲡⲓⲍⲉⲩⲥ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁ̃ⲕⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁ̃ⲛⲟⲕ ⲉⲓⲉ̃ⲟⲩⲱⲣⲡ ⲉ̃ⲡϣⲱⲓ ⲛ̃ⲟⲩⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁ̃ ⲙ̃ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ\nⲛ̃ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲓⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ *ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲟⲓ ⲛ̃ⲟⲩⲣⲟ ϣⲁ ⲉⲛⲉϩ ⲓ̃ⲧⲁ\nⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛ̃ⲁⲛⲛⲁ ϫⲉ ⲁ̃ⲣⲉϫⲱ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ ϯϧⲉⲗⲗⲱ ⲡⲉϫⲉ\nϯⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲁ̃ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲁ̃ⲛⲟⲕ ⲉⲓϣⲉⲙϣⲓ ⲙ̃ⲡⲁⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲉⲧϧⲉⲛ\nⲧⲫⲉ ⲓⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲉ̃ⲧⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲉ̃ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ\nⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲙ̃ⲙⲉⲛⲣⲓⲧ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁⲧⲏⲥ ϫⲉ ⲛⲁϩϯ ⲉ̃ⲣⲟⲓ\nϫⲉ ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲉϩⲏⲟⲩ¹ ⲛ̃ϩⲗⲓ ⲁⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲁⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ ⲕⲉⲅⲁⲣ ⲁ̃ⲛⲟⲕ ϩⲱ ⲁⲓϣⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲁⲓⲙⲉⲧⲥⲟϫ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙ̃ⲡⲟⲩϯϩⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲛ̃ϩⲗⲓ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁ̃ⲕⲟⲥ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲛⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ ⲁⲕϫⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲡⲟⲩϯϩⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲏⲓ\nⲉⲡⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲁⲕⲭⲱ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛ̃ⲥⲱⲕ ⲛ̃ⲛⲓⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ ⲛ̃ⲛⲓϥⲓ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲫ︦ϯ︦\nⲙ̃ⲡⲉⲕϯϩⲑⲏⲕ ⲉⲟ̃ϣⲟⲩ ⲛ̃ⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲙ̃ⲡⲉⲕⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛ\nⲛ̃ⲛⲓⲙⲩⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁϥϯ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲛ̃ⲧⲁⲓⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲁⲕϯ ⲅⲁⲣ ϩⲓⲱⲧⲕ ⲙ̃ⲡⲉⲕⲓⲱⲧ ⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ\nⲁⲕϭⲟϫⲓ ⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ ⲙ̃ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ϧⲉⲛ\nⲟⲩϣⲱⲧ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϥⲛⲁⲱ̃ⲗⲓ̃ ⲛⲧⲉⲕⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛⲧⲟⲧⲕ ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲉⲣϣⲱⲣⲕ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯⲙⲉⲧϭⲁⲥⲓϩⲏⲧ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲯⲩⲭⲏ\nⲉⲧⲧⲁⲥⲑⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲓⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲁⲛ\nⲡⲉ ⲉⲧⲁϥϯ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲛ̃ⲧⲁⲓⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲡⲓⲍⲉⲩⲥ ⲡⲉ ⲥⲁⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲁ ⲟⲩⲇⲉⲙⲱⲛ ⲁⲙⲟⲛⲓ ⲛ̃ϩⲑⲏϥ ⲙ̃ⲡⲉϥ[ⲗⲁⲥ] ⲁϥⲥⲟⲕϥ\nⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲣⲱϥ ⲛⲟⲩⲉⲣⲧⲱ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥⲁϣϥ ⲉⲡϣⲱⲓ\n*","english":"The gods said to him, \"Ha! I am the one who will teach you.\" And his mother stood with him, having grown old and bent over. Julian said, \"Who are you?\" She said, \"My mother. She is a Christian.\" Julian said, \"There is a great honor and glory prepared for you if you make a sacrifice to the great god Zeus.\" Cyriacus said, \"I will offer a sacrifice to the great god Jesus Christ, who is king forever.\" He said to Anna, \"What do you say, old woman?\" The blessed one said to him, \"I serve my king who is in heaven, Jesus Christ, who revealed himself to me through my beloved son.\" The transgressor said, \"Believe me, you will gain nothing from these words, for I too walked in these lies and they gained me nothing.\" The holy bishop Cyriacus said, \"You have spoken well: they gained me nothing at all. For you have abandoned the holy scriptures of God, you did not pay attention to reading them well. Therefore you did not know the mysteries of God, who gave you this kingdom. You have given yourself over to your father the devil. You have pursued those who worship Christ. Therefore in a short time he will take your kingdom from you and will shatter your soul's arrogance, which is puffed up.\" Julian said, \"It is not Christ who gave me this kingdom, but Zeus. Immediately a demon seized his tongue and pulled it out of his mouth by the root and cast it upward.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁⲧⲏⲥ (parabatēs) means 'transgressor' or 'law-breaker,' here applied to Julian as a fixed epithet in the hagiographic register.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲓⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ ⲛ̃ⲛⲓϥⲓ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲫ︦ϯ︦","severity":"info","text":"Cyriacus’s rebuke echoes the topos of the apostate emperor abandoning the 'holy scriptures of God' (ⲛⲓⲅⲣⲁⲫⲏ ⲛ̃ⲛⲓϥⲓ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲫ︦ϯ︦), a common hagiographic motif drawn from the biblical prophetic tradition of neglecting divine law.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲍⲉⲩⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Zeus (ⲡⲓⲍⲉⲩⲥ) appears as the pagan deity whom Julian claims granted his kingship, reflecting the hagiographic convention of Julian the Apostate’s devotion to classical gods, contrasting with Christ as the true king.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue unit, marked by alternating speeches between Julian, Anna, and Cyriacus, culminating in a miraculous punishment (the demon seizing Julian’s tongue), a typical hagiographic climax.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉϥ[ⲗⲁⲥ]","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna or uncertain reading at ⲡⲉϥ[ⲗⲁⲥ] ('his tongue'); the English draft supplies 'tongue' based on context, but the original manuscript may be damaged or ambiguous.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲡⲉϥ[ⲗⲁⲥ] is partially reconstructed; the exact Coptic word for 'tongue' is not fully legible in the source.","The identity of 'the gods' in the opening line is unclear from the passage alone; they may be pagan deities or a collective reference to Julian’s court."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."},{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."},{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","text":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ → “bishop”. Standard rendering; first occurrence is noted here, the term recurs below."}]},{"i":7,"ref":"p7","source":"ⲛ̃ⲁⲧⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲛ̃ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲉ̃ⲧⲁϥⲭⲁϥ ⲇⲉ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲁϥϫⲱⲛⲧ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲭⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲉⲣⲃⲁⲥⲁⲛⲓⲍⲓⲛ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲓ","english":"He did not delay for an hour. He set him down, then he became angry and said, \"You will see how he tortured me.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛ̃ⲁⲧⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲛ̃ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'he did not delay for an hour' indicates immediate action, typical of hagiographic narrative to heighten tension.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥϫⲱⲛⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The verb 'ϫⲱⲛⲧ' (to become angry) is a common Coptic term for wrath, often used in martyrdom accounts to depict the judge's fury.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉⲧⲁϥⲉⲣⲃⲁⲥⲁⲛⲓⲍⲓⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword 'ⲃⲁⲥⲁⲛⲓⲍⲓⲛ' (to torture) is standard in Coptic hagiography for the torments inflicted on martyrs.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a narrative unit where the judge's anger and threat of torture follow Cyriacus's defiant confession, advancing the plot toward the martyrdom.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ' (downward) is ambiguous: it may mean he set him down physically or metaphorically humiliated him. The reading 'set him down' is adopted.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The subject of 'ⲁϥϫⲱⲛⲧ' (he became angry) is unclear from the Coptic alone; context suggests it is Julian, but the text does not name him here.","The phrase 'ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ' may be spatial or figurative; the translation 'set him down' is a plausible reading."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":8,"ref":"p8","source":"ⲛ̃ⲁϣ ⲛ̃ⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲍⲉⲩⲥ ϫⲉ ϯⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̃ϩⲏⲧ ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕ\nⲛ̃ⲧⲁⲓϧⲉ ⲧⲏⲣⲥ\nⲦⲟⲧⲉ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲁϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲓ ⲉⲑⲣⲟⲩⲓ̃ⲛⲓ ⲛ̃ⲛⲓⲥⲕⲉⲩⲟⲥ ⲛ̃ⲃⲁⲥⲁⲛⲓⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̃ⲥⲉⲭⲁⲩ ⲙⲡⲉϥⲙⲑⲟ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ\nⲁⲣⲓⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁ̃ ⲙ̃ⲡⲉⲣⲙⲟⲩ ⲛ̃ⲕⲁⲕⲱⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲁⲓⲃⲁⲥⲁⲛⲓⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ\nⲉⲧϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛⲕⲉⲭⲱⲟⲩⲛⲓ ⲉⲩϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲉ̃ϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲛⲁⲓ\nⲉⲓⲛⲁⲑⲁⲙⲓⲱ̃ⲟⲩ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁⲕⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲛ ϣϫⲟⲙ\nⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲕ ⲉⲑⲁⲙⲓⲟ̃ ⲛϩⲁⲛⲇⲓⲙⲱⲣⲓⲁ̃ ⲛ̃ⲥⲱⲙⲁⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ ⲉⲩⲧⲉⲛⲑⲱⲛⲧ ⲉ̃ⲛⲓⲇⲓⲙⲱⲣⲓⲁ ⲉⲧⲁ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲥⲉⲃⲧⲱⲧⲟⲩ ⲙ̃ⲯⲩⲭⲏ\nⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛ̃ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲉ̃ⲧⲁⲩϫⲟⲗϥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̃ⲡⲉⲕⲣⲏϯ ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲙⲉⲛ ⲅⲁⲣ ϥϣⲟⲡ¹ ϧⲓⲥⲓ ⲡⲣⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ ϥϫⲫⲟ ⲇⲉ\nⲛ̃ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛ̃ϩⲏⲟⲩ ⲛ̃ϯⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲙⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲙ̃ⲡⲓⲕⲁϩⲓ\nⲉⲩϩⲓⲟⲩⲓ̃ ⲛϧⲏⲧϥ ⲙ̃ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲛϭⲁⲗⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲩⲫⲟⲣⲥ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟϥ\nⲙ̃ⲡⲓϩⲉⲃⲓ ⲉϣⲁϥⲓ̃ⲛⲓ ⲙ̃ⲡⲉϥⲟⲩⲧⲁϩ ⲉⲡϣⲱⲓ ⲛ̃ϩⲁⲛⲙⲏϣ\nⲛ̃ⲕⲱⲃ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ϩⲱϥ ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲙⲁ ϩⲟⲧⲁⲛ ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϧⲟⲙϧⲉⲙ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉϥⲃⲱⲗ ⲉ̃ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ϩⲁⲛϧⲓⲥⲓ ⲉⲩⲟϣ ⲧⲟⲧⲉ\nϣⲁⲣⲉ ϯⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲣⲉⲧⲧⲉⲛϩ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲗ ⲉ̃ⲡϭⲓⲥⲓ ϣⲁ ⲡⲭ︤ⲥ︥ ⲫⲏ\nⲉⲧⲁϥϣⲉⲡ ϧⲓⲥⲓ ⲉⲑⲃⲏⲧⲥ ⲉⲥⲱ̃ⲗⲓ ⲛ̃ⲛⲓⲭⲛⲁⲩ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲛⲓϫⲣⲱϫ\nⲉⲩⲕⲏⲃ ⲛ̃ⲣ̅ ⲛ̃ⲕⲱⲃ *ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲓⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲛ ⲡⲉ\nⲉ̃ⲧⲉⲕⲙⲉⲩⲓ̃ ⲉ̃ⲣⲟϥ ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁ̃ⲕⲉ ⲕⲥⲉⲃⲧⲱⲧ ⲉ̃ϣⲉⲡ ⲙ̃ⲕⲁϩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nⲉⲙⲟⲩ ϧⲁ ⲫⲏ ⲉ̃ⲧⲁⲩⲉⲣⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲱⲛⲓⲛ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟϥ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁⲕⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ϯⲥⲉⲃⲧⲱⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϯⲉⲣϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϯⲣⲱⲟⲩⲧ\nⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲓⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁ̃ⲛⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲭⲱ ⲛ̃ⲥⲱⲕ ⲛ̃ⲧⲁⲓⲡⲗⲁⲛⲏ ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nⲛ̃ⲧⲉⲕⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛ² ⲛⲓⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲙ̃ⲙⲏⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲣⲉϥⲧⲟⲩϫⲟ ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲁ̃ⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲛ̃ⲛⲉⲥϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲛ̃ⲧⲁⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ ⲛⲛⲁⲓⲁⲯⲩⲭⲟⲛ ⲛⲣⲉϥⲧⲁⲕⲉⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛ̃ⲧⲁⲭⲱ\nⲛⲥⲱⲓ ⲛⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲉⲛⲧ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ϯⲡⲗⲁⲛⲏ ⲉⲛⲁⲓⲛ̃ϧⲏⲧⲥ\nⲛ̃ϣⲟⲣⲡ ⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̃ⲧⲁϣⲱⲡⲓ","english":"How is this?\" said Zeus. \"I have honored you with my whole heart, all of it.\"\n\nThen he commanded them to bring the instruments of torture and place them before him. He said to him, \"Perform a sacrifice to the god of the dead, Kakos, with these instruments of torture, which are evil, and with other evils even more terrible than these. I will torment you,\" said Cyriacus to him. \"You have no power to inflict bodily torments that are comparable to the torments that Christ has prepared for the soul. All the apostates who have fallen away from your judgment: the body, indeed, endures pain for a short time, but it produces a great harvest for the soul. For just as the earth, when it is plowed and turned over with a hoe, and when it is broken up with a hoe, brings forth its fruit in abundance, so too the body, when it is broken and dissolved by severe pains, then the soul hastens and flies up to the heights, to Christ, who suffered for its sake, bearing the marks of the nails that were driven in. *Cyriacus said, \"What is this you are thinking of, Cyriacus? Are you prepared to accept pain and death for the one who was crucified?\" Cyriacus said, \"I am prepared, and I hope, and I am ready.\" Julian said, \"Abandon this error, and recognize the true gods and the savior.\" The holy bishop said, \"It will not happen that I worship these soulless destroyers of the soul, that I abandon the one who led me out of the error in which I was first, Jesus Christ, and that I become...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ψυχή appears twice in this passage. The first occurrence (ⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ) refers to the soul as the seat of eschatological reward; the second (ⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲣⲉⲧⲧⲉⲛϩ) describes the soul's flight to Christ. The glossary renders it 'soul' but notes 'life' where the living person is meant; here the spiritual sense is primary.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲍⲉⲩⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The name Zeus (ⲡⲓⲍⲉⲩⲥ) is used for the pagan judge, likely a Roman official. In Coptic hagiography, 'Zeus' often stands for a generic persecutor, not the Greek god, though the name evokes pagan authority.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'torments that Christ has prepared for the soul' echoes the New Testament theme of Christ's suffering and the soul's reward (cf. 2 Cor 5:5, Rom 8:18). The reference to 'marks of the nails' (ⲛⲓϫⲣⲱϫ) alludes to the crucifixion, a standard trope in martyrdom narratives.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲕⲁⲕⲱⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The name 'Kakos' (ⲕⲁⲕⲱⲥ) is a Greek word meaning 'evil' or 'bad,' here personified as a god of the dead. This reflects the hagiographer's polemical strategy of equating pagan deities with demonic forces, a common motif in Coptic martyrdom accounts.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue between the judge (Zeus/Julian) and the bishop Cyriacus, structured as a rhetorical contest. Cyriacus's speech contrasts bodily torments with spiritual rewards, using an agricultural simile (earth plowed) to argue that suffering yields a 'great harvest for the soul.'","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲓⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"caution","text":"The speaker shifts abruptly from 'Zeus' to 'Julian' (ⲓⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ) without explanation. This may indicate a textual corruption or a conflation of two judge figures. The Coptic text is unclear whether Julian is a separate character or an alternate name for Zeus.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Julian' is ambiguous: he may be the same as 'Zeus' or a different official. The Coptic does not clarify the transition.","The phrase 'ⲛⲓⲥⲕⲉⲩⲟⲥ ⲛ̃ⲃⲁⲥⲁⲛⲓⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ' (instruments of torture) is generic; the specific devices are not named.","The agricultural simile (earth plowed) is partially corrupt; the text reads 'ⲉⲩϩⲓⲟⲩⲓ̃ ⲛϧⲏⲧϥ ⲙ̃ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲛϭⲁⲗⲉ' (plowed with a hoe), but the syntax is broken."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"terminology","severity":"info","term":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","text":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ → “soul”. Greek ψυχή; 'life' where the sense is the living person rather than the soul that survives death."},{"kind":"homonym","severity":"caution","term":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ","text":"ⲯⲩⲭⲏ carries more than one sense (life); this passage takes it as “soul”. The choice is the translator's, not a lexical given."}]},{"i":9,"ref":"p9","source":"ⲉⲓⲟ̃ⲛⲓ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲕ ⲛⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲉⲁⲕⲭⲱ ⲛ̃ⲥⲱⲕ ⲙ̃ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲉⲣⲡⲉⲑⲛⲁⲛⲉϥ ⲛⲁⲕ","english":"I honor you, O apostate, for you have abandoned the one who did good to you.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲁⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲁⲧⲏⲥ (apostatēs) means 'rebel, deserter, apostate.' In Coptic hagiography it is a standard term for a pagan persecutor who has abandoned true faith, here applied to Zeus.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉⲑⲛⲁⲛⲉϥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the one who did good to you' echoes a common biblical motif of ingratitude toward a benefactor, reminiscent of passages such as Psalm 106:21 or the parable of the ungrateful servant, though no direct citation is present.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic text uses the Greek loanword ⲁⲡⲟⲥⲧⲁⲧⲏⲥ, reflecting the bilingual character of Coptic hagiography. The term carries strong theological condemnation in a Christian context, marking the pagan judge as a willful rejecter of God.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This unit is a direct speech by the martyr Cyriacus, continuing the dialogue from the previous passage. The address 'O apostate' and the accusation of abandoning a benefactor form a rhetorical climax, contrasting the martyr's steadfastness with the judge's betrayal.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic phrase ⲉⲁⲕⲭⲱ ⲛ̃ⲥⲱⲕ could be read as 'you have left behind' or 'you have abandoned'; the sense is clear but the exact nuance of abandonment is ambiguous.","The identity of 'the one who did good to you' is not specified in this passage; it may refer to God or to a specific benefactor in the narrative context."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":10,"ref":"p10","source":"ⲁⲕϣⲉⲙϣⲓ ⲛ̃ϩⲁⲛϣⲉ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛⲱ̃ⲛⲓ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲙⲟⲛ\nϣϫⲟⲙ ⲙ̃ⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲉ̃ⲛⲁⲩ ⲙ̃ⲃⲟⲗ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲉⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ\nⲉ̃ⲙⲟϣⲓ ⲉⲩⲉ̃ⲓ̃ⲛⲓ ⲙ̃ⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲡⲛ︦ⲁ︦ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ\nⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲣⲉ ϩⲑⲏⲟⲩ ⲭⲏ ⲉ̃ⲣⲱⲟⲩ¹ ⲉⲁⲕϫⲱⲕ\nⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̃ⲫⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲛ̃ⲛⲓⲇⲉⲙⲱⲛ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲑⲏϣ ⲉⲑⲣⲟⲩϯϩⲁⲡ\nⲉ̃ⲣⲟⲕ ⲛⲉⲙⲱⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ϯⲅⲉⲉⲛⲛⲁ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲭⲣⲱⲙ\nⲈⲧⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲛⲁⲓ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲓⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲁϥϫⲱⲛⲧ\nⲙ̃ⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̃ⲟⲩⲑⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲁϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲓ ⲉⲑⲣⲟⲩⲓ̃ⲛⲓ ⲛ̃ϩⲁⲛⲗⲁⲙⲡⲁⲥ ⲛⲭⲣⲱⲙ ⲛ̃ⲥⲉϩⲓⲧⲟⲩ ϧⲁ * ⲛⲉϥⲥⲫⲓⲣⲱⲟⲩⲓ̃ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲑⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ϯⲅⲉⲉⲛⲛⲁ ⲛ̃ⲭⲣⲱⲙ ⲉ̃ⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϩⲓⲧ ⲉ̃ⲣⲟⲥ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲁ̃ⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲙⲟⲓ ⲱ̃ ⲡⲓⲉ̃ⲃⲓⲏⲛ\nϣⲁ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲙ̃ⲙⲁⲩⲁⲧϥ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲓⲭⲣⲱⲙ ⲉ̃ⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϩⲓⲧⲕ ⲉⲣⲟϥ\nⲉⲑⲃⲉ ϫⲉ ⲡⲁⲓⲭⲣⲱⲙ ⲫⲁⲓ ϣⲁⲣⲉ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲙ̃ⲙⲱⲟⲩ\nⲟϣⲙⲉϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙ̃ⲫⲣⲏϯ ϩⲱⲕ ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲛⲁⲩ ⲛ̃ϯⲉⲣⲉⲥⲑⲁⲛⲉⲥⲑⲉ\nⲉⲣⲟϥ ⲁⲛ ⲉⲡⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲫⲏ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̃ⲑⲟϥ ⲉ̃ⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϩⲓⲧⲕ ⲉ̃ⲣⲟϥ\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲉⲕⲓⲱⲧ ⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲛⲓⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲧϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲫⲉ ⲛⲉⲙ\nⲛⲏ ⲉⲧϩⲓϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲥⲁⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲙ̃ⲡⲕⲁϩⲓ\nⲛ̃ⲛⲟⲩϣϭⲉⲛⲟϥ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲓⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲓⲥϫⲉ ⲁⲕϭⲣⲟ ⲉ̃ⲡⲁⲓⲭⲣⲱⲙ ⲫⲁⲓ ϯⲛⲁⲓ̃ⲛⲓ ⲉ̃ϫⲱⲕ ⲛ̃ⲕⲉⲭⲣⲱⲙ ⲛ̃ⲁⲧⲉⲣⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉ̃ⲣⲟϥ\nⲧⲟⲧⲉ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲁϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲓ ⲉⲑⲣⲟⲩⲃⲱⲗ ⲛ̃ⲟⲩⲧⲁϩⲧ ⲉ̃ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ\nⲟⲩⲭⲣⲱⲙ ⲛ̃ⲥⲉϫⲟϣϥ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲉ̃ϩⲑⲏϥ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ\nⲛ̃ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁ̃ⲗⲏⲑⲱⲥ ⲁϥⲙ̃ⲫⲣⲏϯ² ⲛ̃ⲟⲩⲙⲱⲟⲩ\nⲉϥⲕⲏⲃ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲁϣⲃⲱⲃⲓ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲧϫⲟⲙ ⲙ̃ⲡⲁϭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦\nⲠⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁⲧⲏⲥ ϫⲉ ⲓⲥ ϩⲏⲡⲡⲉ ⲡⲓϫⲱⲛⲧ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉⲡⲓⲭⲣⲱⲙ ⲉⲑⲛⲁϣⲧ ⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲉ̃ϫⲱⲕ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ\nⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲛ̃ⲁϣⲛⲁϩⲙⲉⲕ ⲧⲟⲧⲉ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲁϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲓ\nⲉⲑⲣⲟⲩⲓ̃ⲛⲓ ⲛ̃ⲟⲩϭⲗⲟϫ ⲛ̃ⲃⲉⲛⲓⲡⲓ ⲛ̃ⲥⲉϣⲧⲟ ⲙ̃ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ\nⲉ̃ϫⲱϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ","english":"You served stones and rocks that have no power to see, hear, or move. Bring them, said the Holy Spirit. All whose hearts are set on them, you have fulfilled the will of the demons, whose desire is to judge you with them in the fiery Gehenna.\n\nWhen Julian heard these things, he became angry like a wild beast and commanded them to bring lamps of fire and place them under his ribs, saying to him, \"This is the fiery Gehenna into which you will be thrown.\" The saint said to him, \"Come, O wretched one, this is the only fire into which you will be thrown, because this fire, a little of it extinguishes, and likewise you will not see the fire of Gehenna at all. But he into whose fire you will be thrown, along with your father the devil, the waters in the sky, those on the earth, and those beneath the earth cannot extinguish it.\" Julian said, \"If you have conquered this fire, I will bring other fire without end to you.\" Then he commanded them to melt a copper pot in a fire and pour it over his heart. The blessed bishop said, \"Truly, it has become like water cooling in my palm by the power of my Lord Jesus Christ.\"\n\nThe transgressor said, \"Behold, the fierce fire is coming to you, and let us see if that one will save you.\" Then he commanded them to bring a bed of bronze and to stretch the blessed one upon it, and...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲡⲛⲁ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the Holy Spirit' appears as the speaker of the preceding words, a rare instance in Coptic hagiography where the Spirit directly addresses the martyr, underscoring divine authorization.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ϯⲅⲉⲉⲛⲛⲁ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲭⲣⲱⲙ","severity":"info","text":"The 'fiery Gehenna' echoes New Testament imagery (e.g., Matt 5:22, 18:9) of eternal punishment, here contrasted with the temporary fire of martyrdom.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲓⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Julian is the persecutor, likely Julian the Apostate (r. 361–363), whose anti-Christian policies are reflected in the hagiographical trope of a raging tyrant.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲟⲩⲁϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The repeated command formula 'he commanded them' structures the torture sequence, each escalating in intensity (lamps, molten copper, bronze bed), a common hagiographic pattern.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲉϥⲥⲫⲓⲣⲱⲟⲩⲓ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic 'ⲛⲉϥⲥⲫⲓⲣⲱⲟⲩⲓ' is ambiguous: it may mean 'his ribs' (as translated) or 'his sides'; the reading 'ribs' is conventional but not certain.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The title 'blessed bishop' (ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ) reflects Cyril's veneration as a saint and bishop of Jerusalem, a status affirmed in Coptic tradition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the speaker of the first sentence (the Holy Spirit) is clear from the Coptic, but the English draft attributes it to the Spirit; the Coptic 'ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲡⲛⲁ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ' explicitly states 'said the Holy Spirit'.","The phrase 'ⲛⲉϥⲥⲫⲓⲣⲱⲟⲩⲓ' is ambiguous between 'his ribs' and 'his sides'; the translation 'ribs' is adopted but not definitive."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":11,"ref":"p11","source":"ⲛ̃ⲥⲉⲥⲁϩϯ ϧⲁⲣⲟϥ ⲥⲁⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟϥ *ⲉⲩϫⲉϣ\nⲱⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲉϩ ⲉ̃ϫⲱϥ ϣⲁⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲭⲣⲱⲙ ⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲛ̃ⲥⲁ","english":"They cast him down beneath him, and they bound him with ropes until the fire consumed him.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic text describes the victim being cast down and bound with ropes until fire consumes him, continuing the torture scene from the previous passage.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲭⲣⲱⲙ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲓⲭⲣⲱⲙ (pi-khrōm) is the Coptic word for 'fire', used here in a literal sense of the torture instrument.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic phrase ⲛ̃ⲥⲉⲥⲁϩϯ ϧⲁⲣⲟϥ ⲥⲁⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟϥ is ambiguous: it may mean 'they cast him down beneath him' (referring to Julian) or 'they cast him down under him' (perhaps under a device). The English draft interprets it as 'beneath him'.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage reflects the hagiographical topos of martyrdom by fire, common in Coptic martyrdom accounts, often emphasizing the saint's endurance.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲛ̃ⲥⲉⲥⲁϩϯ ϧⲁⲣⲟϥ ⲥⲁⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟϥ is ambiguous: it may mean 'they cast him down beneath him' (referring to Julian) or 'they cast him down under him' (perhaps under a device). The English draft interprets it as 'beneath him'."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":12,"ref":"p12","source":"ⲛⲉϥⲥⲡⲗⲁⲅⲛⲟⲛ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲭⲛⲁϭⲣⲟ ⲉⲡⲓⲭⲣⲱⲙ\nⲡⲓⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲧⲱⲃϩ ⲙ̃ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ\nⲡⲁϭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲓⲇⲏⲙⲓⲟⲩⲣⲅⲟⲥ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲉⲛⲭⲁⲓ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲡⲥⲱⲧⲏⲣ\nⲛ̃ⲧⲁⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲁⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲛ̃ⲑⲟⲕ ⲡⲉ ⲧⲁϫⲟⲙ ⲛⲉⲙ\nⲡⲁⲧⲁϫⲣⲟ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲁⲙⲁⲛⲫⲱⲧ ⲡⲁⲛⲁϣϯ ⲡⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲟⲩϫⲟⲓ\nⲡⲁⲣⲉϥϯ ⲉϩⲣⲏⲓ ⲉϫⲱⲓ ⲉϯⲉⲣϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ ⲉ̃ⲣⲟϥ ϫⲟⲩϣⲧ ⲡϭ︦ⲥ︦\nⲉϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲕⲃⲱⲕ ⲛⲟϩⲉⲙ ⲙ̃ⲡϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲃⲱⲕⲓ ϫⲉ\nⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲛ ⲕⲉⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲉ̃ⲃⲏⲗ ⲉ̃ⲣⲟⲕ ⲡϭ︦ⲥ̄ ⲓⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉϥϫⲱ\nⲙ̃ⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲁϥⲉⲣϣⲫⲏⲣⲓ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲧⲩⲣⲁⲛⲛⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ\nϫⲉ ϣⲉ ⲡⲓⲍⲉⲩⲥ ϯⲉⲣϣⲫⲏⲣⲓ ϫⲉ ⲉ̃ⲧⲓ ϥⲟⲛϧ ⲉϥⲙⲉϩ ⲇⲉ\nⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϣⲫⲓⲧ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲕϭⲣⲟ ⲉ̃ⲡⲓⲭⲣⲱⲙ\nⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁⲕⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲁ̃ⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲓϭⲣⲟ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϯⲛⲁϭⲣⲟ\nⲟⲛ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲡⲁϭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲛⲟⲛ ⲁ̃ⲛⲟⲕ\nⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉ̃ⲧⲉⲣϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ ⲉ̃ⲣⲟϥ ⲛ̃ⲑⲟⲕ ⲇⲉ\nⲛ̃ⲑⲟⲕ ⲡⲓⲭⲣⲱⲙ ⲛⲁⲧϭⲉⲛⲟ ⲛⲁⲥⲓ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲕ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲧⲉⲕⲙⲉⲧⲁⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ\nⲉⲧⲁϥϫⲱⲛⲧ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲁϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲓ\nⲉϩⲓⲟⲩⲓ̃ ⲉ̃ϫⲉⲛ ⲧⲉϥϭⲓⲥⲓ ⲛ̃ϩⲁⲛϣⲃⲱⲧ ⲉⲩⲗⲏⲕ *ⲉϥϣⲧⲏⲟⲩⲧ\nⲉ̃ϫⲉⲛ ⲡⲓϭⲗⲟϫ ⲛ̃ⲃⲉⲛⲓⲡⲓ ⲉⲣⲉ ⲡⲓⲭⲣⲱⲙ ⲙⲟϩ ϧⲁⲣⲟϥ ⲡϭ︦ⲥ︦\nⲇⲉ ⲛⲁϥⲉⲣⲥⲕⲉⲡⲁⲍⲓⲛ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁϥⲉ̃ⲙⲓ ⲁ̃ⲛ\nⲉ̃ⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ ⲉⲡⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲓⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥϫⲱⲛⲧ ⲉⲛⲓϩⲩⲡⲉⲣⲏⲧⲏⲥ\nⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲟⲩ ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲉⲣⲟ ⲁⲛ ⲙ̃ⲡⲓⲭⲣⲱⲙ\nⲛ̃ⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ ⲛ̃ⲑⲱⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲱⲟⲩ ϫⲉ ϩⲏⲡⲡⲉ ⲭⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ\nϥϯϣⲁϩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲉⲧϩⲟⲩⲟ̃ ⲕⲉⲅⲁⲣ ⲑⲁⲓ ϩⲱⲛ ⲧⲉ\nⲧⲉⲛⲉⲡⲓⲑⲩⲙⲓⲁ̃ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲁⲩϫⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲁ ⲡⲓⲭⲣⲱⲙ ⲙⲟϣⲓ\nⲉ̃ⲃⲟⲗ ⲁϥⲣⲱⲕϩ ⲙⲓ︦ⲇ︦ ⲛ̃ϧⲏⲧⲟⲩ\nⲠⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲩⲛⲕⲁⲑⲉⲇⲣⲟⲥ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲓⲱ̃ⲛⲓ ⲉ̃ϫⲉⲛ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲛ ϥⲛⲁⲑⲣⲉ ⲡⲓⲭⲣⲱⲙ","english":"His entrails, as he said, \"Now I will overcome the fire.\"  \nThe blessed one, however, prayed in this manner, saying,  \n\"My Lord Jesus Christ, the creator of all things, the savior  \nof my soul and my body, it is you who are my strength and  \nmy steadfastness and my refuge, my hope, my security, my protector.  \nGrant to me, who hopes in you, O Lord,  \nlook upon your servant, help the son of your handmaiden, for  \nthere is no other besides you, O Lord Jesus Christ.\" As he was saying  \nthese things, the tyrant marveled and said,  \n\"By Zeus, I marvel that he still lives.\" But he was filled  \nwith rage and said, \"You have overcome the fire,  \nCyriacus.\" The saint said to him, \"I have overcome, and I will overcome  \nagain through the grace of my Lord Jesus Christ. Not only I,  \nbut also all who hope in him. As for you,  \nyou, the fire, are unconquerable; I will take you because of your impiety.\"  \nWhen the transgressor heard this, he commanded  \nto cast upon his head some burning coals,  \nupon the furnace of the bath, while the fire was kindled around him. The Lord,  \nhowever, protected him, and he did not feel  \nany pain at all. Julian, however, became angry with the servants  \nand said to them, \"Why do you not overcome the fire  \nwell?\" They said, \"Behold, you see that  \nhe is scorched exceedingly, for this also is  \ntheir desire.\" When they had said this, the fire moved  \nout and burned forty of them.  \nThe co-regent of the king said to him, \"Let them cast stones upon him, lest he extinguish the fire.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲇⲏⲙⲓⲟⲩⲣⲅⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲡⲓⲇⲏⲙⲓⲟⲩⲣⲅⲟⲥ (dēmiourgos) is used here as a title for Christ, meaning 'creator' or 'craftsman'. In Coptic hagiography, it emphasizes Christ's role as the divine artisan of the universe, a concept drawn from Platonic and early Christian theology.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲟⲩϫⲟⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The saint's prayer for protection echoes Psalm 18:2 (LXX) and similar pleas in the Psalms, where the Lord is invoked as 'my protector' (ⲡⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲟⲩϫⲟⲓ). The phrase 'there is no other besides you' (ϫⲉ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲛ ⲕⲉⲟⲩⲁⲓ) recalls monotheistic affirmations common in martyrdom accounts.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲧⲩⲣⲁⲛⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The tyrant (ⲡⲓⲧⲩⲣⲁⲛⲛⲟⲥ) is likely Julian, identified later as 'Julian the Apostate' (ⲓⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ). The exclamation 'By Zeus' (ϣⲉ ⲡⲓⲍⲉⲩⲥ) reflects Julian's pagan allegiance, a common trope in Coptic martyrdoms to contrast Christian faith with imperial persecution.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ","severity":"info","text":"The passage is structured as a dialogue with alternating speeches: the saint's prayer, the tyrant's exclamation, the saint's retort, and the tyrant's command. The repeated formula ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ('he said') marks each turn, typical of Coptic hagiographic dialogues.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲓ︦ⲇ︦","severity":"info","text":"The number ⲙⲓ︦ⲇ︦ (40) refers to the forty servants burned by the fire. This may allude to the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste, a popular hagiographic topos in Coptic tradition, where groups of forty martyrs are commemorated.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉϥϣⲧⲏⲟⲩⲧ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase ⲉϥϣⲧⲏⲟⲩⲧ (with an asterisk in the Coptic) is uncertain; it may be a scribal error or a rare form. The English draft renders it as 'burning coals,' but the Coptic could also mean 'he is scorched' or 'he is burned.' The reading is tentative.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the 'co-regent of the king' (ⲡⲓⲥⲩⲛⲕⲁⲑⲉⲇⲣⲟⲥ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ) is unclear; it may refer to a local official or a Roman deputy. The Coptic phrase ⲉϥϣⲧⲏⲟⲩⲧ is ambiguous, possibly meaning 'scorched' or 'burning coals.' The reading 'burning coals' is adopted in the English draft."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":13,"ref":"p13","source":"ⲟⲩⲟⲙⲧⲉⲛ\nⲧⲏⲣⲉⲛ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲉϥⲙⲁⲅⲓⲁ ⲉⲧⲁⲩϩⲓⲱ̃ⲛⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉ̃ⲣⲟϥ ⲛⲉ\nⲙ̃ⲡⲁⲣⲉ ⲱ̃ⲛⲓ ⲧⲁϩⲟϥ ⲡⲉ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϣⲁⲩⲕⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲉ̃ⲫⲁϩⲟⲩ\nⲛ̃ⲥⲉⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲛ̃ϩⲁⲛⲙⲏϣ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲁⲑⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲉⲑⲙⲏⲛ ⲉⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ\nⲧⲟⲧⲉ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲁϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲓ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲓⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁ̃ⲛⲟⲥ · ⲉⲑⲣⲟⲩⲧⲁϩⲟϥ","english":"all of us through his magic. When they placed the fire upon him, however, the fire did not consume him, but they turned it backwards, and it destroyed many among the godless ones who were steadfast with the king. Then Julian commanded that he be placed","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The fire miraculously turns back on the persecutors, destroying many of the godless who remained loyal to the king. This motif of divine retribution is common in Coptic martyrdom accounts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲅⲓⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲙⲁⲅⲓⲁ (magic) here refers to the pagan priests' arts, contrasted with the saint's divine power. In Coptic hagiography, 'magic' is often polemically attributed to opponents.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Julian (Julian the Apostate, r. 361–363) is the persecuting emperor in this narrative, though historically his reign was brief and his anti-Christian measures were less systematic than earlier persecutions. The account reflects later hagiographic embellishment.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage continues the narrative sequence of Cyril's trial by fire, following his prayer in the previous passage. The fire's reversal marks a turning point, leading to Julian's command for further action.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic phrase ⲉⲧⲁⲩϩⲓⲱ̃ⲛⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉ̃ⲣⲟϥ is ambiguous: it could mean 'when they placed the fire upon him' or 'when they set fire to him.' The English draft adopts the former, but the latter is also possible.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲉⲧⲁⲩϩⲓⲱ̃ⲛⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉ̃ⲣⲟϥ: 'placed the fire upon him' or 'set fire to him'?","The subject of ⲥⲉⲧⲁⲕⲟ (they destroyed) is implied but not explicit; likely the fire itself or the executioners."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":14,"ref":"p14","source":"ⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ ⲙ̃ⲡⲉϥⲙ̃ⲑⲟ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲙ̃ⲡⲉⲕϫⲉⲙ ⲡⲉⲕⲛⲟⲩⲥ\nⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁ̃ⲕⲉ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉⲕⲉⲣⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁ ⲙ̃ⲡⲓⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛ̃ⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲡⲓⲍⲉⲩⲥ ⲡⲉϫⲉ\nⲡⲓⲁ̃ⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲱ̃ ⲡⲓⲁⲑⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛⲑⲟⲕ ⲙⲁⲗⲗⲟⲛ ⲡⲉ\nⲉⲧⲁⲕⲭⲁ ⲡⲉⲕⲛⲟⲩⲥ ⲉⲁⲕϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲙ̃ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲛⲧⲁⲓϧⲉ\nⲧⲏⲣⲥ ϩⲱⲥⲇⲉ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉⲕⲉⲣⲡⲱⲃϣ ⲙ̃ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲉ̃ⲧⲁϥⲑⲁⲙⲓⲟⲕ ⲛⲉⲙ\nⲡⲱⲟⲩ ⲙ̃ⲡⲉϥⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁⲥⲧⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ *ⲛ̃ⲧⲉⲕϣⲉⲙϣⲓ\nⲛ̃ϩⲁⲛϣⲉ ⲛⲉⲙ ϩⲁⲛⲱ̃ⲛⲓ ⲛ̃ⲁⲧⲯⲩⲭⲏ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ\nϫⲉ ⲛⲁⲓϣⲉⲙϣⲓ ⲙⲉⲛ ⲛ̃ⲓⲏ︤ⲥ︥ ⲙ̃ⲡⲓⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲉ̃ⲧⲉⲙⲙⲁⲩ ⲉⲧⲉ\nⲙ̃ⲡⲉϥϯϩⲏⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲛ̃ϩⲗⲓ ⲧⲟⲧⲉ ⲁⲓⲉⲣⲙⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲓⲛ ⲁⲓⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛ¹ ⲛⲓⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛ̃ⲧⲁⲫⲙⲏⲓ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧϯ ⲙⲡⲓⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ\nⲡⲓϭⲣⲟ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲁ̃ⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ϯⲉ̃ⲙⲓ ϫⲉ ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲥⲟⲩⲉⲛ\nⲡⲉⲕⲓⲱⲧ ⲡⲓⲇⲓⲁⲃⲟⲗⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲉⲣⲕⲉⲗⲉⲩⲓⲛ\nⲉⲑⲣⲟⲩϣⲱⲧ ⲉ̃ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉϥϫⲓϫ ⲛ̃ⲟⲩⲓ̃ⲛⲁⲙ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ\nϫⲉ ⲑⲁⲓ ⲧⲉ ϯϫⲓϫ ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲥϧⲁⲓ ⲛ̃ϯⲉⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲗⲏ ⲉⲕⲫⲱⲛϩ\nⲙ̃ⲡϩⲏⲧ ⲛ̃ⲛⲓⲙⲏϣ ⲉϣⲧⲉⲙⲥⲟⲩⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲫⲏ\nⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲛ̃ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁ̃ⲕⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲕⲁⲗⲱⲥ ⲁⲕⲁⲓⲥ\nⲡⲓⲟⲩϩⲟⲣ ⲉⲧϭⲁϧⲉⲙ ⲛ̃ⲕⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ² ⲁⲛ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲱⲛϧ ⲛⲉⲛⲉϩ\nⲡⲉⲧⲁⲕⲥⲉⲃⲧⲱⲧϥ ⲛⲏⲓ ϧⲁⲧϩⲏ ⲙⲉⲛ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲙ̃ⲡⲁϯⲥⲟⲩⲉⲛ\nⲡⲁⲥⲱⲧⲏⲣ ⲓⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛⲉ ϣⲁⲓⲥϧⲁⲓ ⲉ̃ⲛⲓⲥⲩⲛⲁⲅⲱⲅⲏ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ\nⲛⲓⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ ⲛ̃ⲟⲩⲙⲏϣ ⲛ̃ⲥⲟⲡ ⲉϣⲧⲉⲙⲑⲣⲟⲩⲛⲁϩϯ ⲉ̃ⲣⲟϥ\nⲭⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲥⲕⲁⲛⲇⲁⲗⲟⲛ ⲉⲧϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲁⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲁⲕϣⲁⲧϥ\nⲉ̃ⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟϥ ⲛⲁⲛⲉⲥ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲛⲏⲓ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲛ̃ⲛⲁⲙⲉⲗⲟⲥ\nⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲛⲥⲉϣⲧⲉⲙϩⲓⲟⲩⲓ̃ ⲙⲡⲁⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲉ̃ϯⲅⲉⲉⲛⲛⲁ\nⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁⲧⲏⲥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩⲛ ⲁⲩϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲕⲉⲃⲁⲗ ⲛ̃ⲟⲩⲓ̃ⲛⲁⲙ *ⲛⲉⲙ ϯϭⲁⲗⲟϫ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥⲑⲣⲟⲩⲫⲱⲣⲕ\nⲙ̃ⲡⲉϥⲃⲁⲗ ⲉ̃ⲃⲟⲗ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̃ⲥⲉϫⲱϫⲓ ⲉ̃ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉϥⲕⲉϭⲁⲗⲟϫ\nⲦⲉϥϧⲉⲗⲗⲱ ⲇⲉ ⲙ̃ⲙⲁⲩ ϯⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲁ̃ ⲁⲛⲛⲁ","english":"He stood before him and said to him, \"Have you not found your mind, Cyriacus, to offer sacrifice to the great god Zeus?\" The holy one said to him, \"O godless one, you rather have abandoned your mind, having become a transgressor of this entire way. Moreover, you have despised God who created you, and the honor of his holy altar. You worship sticks and stones, soulless things.\" The lawless one said, \"I worship these, for I have not found Jesus of that time, who did not give me any heed. Then I repented; I recognized the true gods, those who give salvation and victory to me.\" The holy one said to him, \"I know that you have recognized your father, the devil.\" The transgressor then commanded that his right hand be cut off, saying, \"This is the hand that wrote the letter by which you call the multitude to turn from knowing the gods.\" The holy bishop Cyriacus said, \"You have done well to cut off the hand that is defiled; we do not know that it is eternal life that you have prepared for me. Before I knew my savior Jesus Christ, I used to write in the synagogues of the Jews many times, so that they would not believe in him. Behold, the scandal that was in my body, you have removed it from me. It is good for me that one of my members perishes, and they do not strike my entire body into Gehenna.\" The transgressor said, \"Not only that, but cut off the right foot and the tongue, and gouge out his eye, and tear out his other tongue.\" His mother, the blessed Anna, was there.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic term ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ is a loan from Greek ἐπίσκοπος, rendered as 'bishop' in the glossary. It identifies Cyriacus as a bishop, a key title in the hagiographic genre.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲥⲱⲧⲏⲣ ⲓⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'my savior Jesus Christ' (ⲡⲁⲥⲱⲧⲏⲣ ⲓⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦) echoes New Testament titles for Christ, common in Coptic hagiography to affirm the saint's orthodoxy.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲍⲉⲩⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Zeus (ⲡⲓⲍⲉⲩⲥ) is the Greek chief deity, here invoked by the persecutor Julian to demand sacrifice. This reflects the Roman imperial context of pagan persecution against Christians.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ","severity":"info","text":"The repeated formula ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ ('he said to him') structures the passage as a dialogue, alternating between the persecutor Julian and the saint Cyriacus, a common feature in Coptic martyrdom accounts.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲛⲛⲁ","severity":"info","text":"The mother Anna (ⲁⲛⲛⲁ) is named as 'blessed' (ⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲁ), indicating her veneration in the Coptic tradition. Her presence at the martyrdom underscores the familial piety motif in hagiography.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲉⲙ ϯϭⲁⲗⲟϫ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'and the tongue' (ⲛⲉⲙ ϯϭⲁⲗⲟϫ) is followed by a command to gouge out the eye and tear out 'his other tongue' (ⲛ̃ⲥⲉϫⲱϫⲓ ⲉ̃ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉϥⲕⲉϭⲁⲗⲟϫ). The repetition of 'tongue' may be a scribal error or a metaphorical doubling; the sense is contested.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'his other tongue' (ⲛ̃ⲧⲉϥⲕⲉϭⲁⲗⲟϫ) is ambiguous: it may refer to a second tongue (perhaps a scribal duplication) or be a metaphorical expression for speech. The reading taken is that it is a textual corruption or a literal command to mutilate the tongue again."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":15,"ref":"p15","source":"ⲛⲁⲥⲟ̃ϩⲓ\nⲉⲣⲁⲧⲥ ϧⲁⲧⲟⲧϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲉⲥϯⲛⲟⲙϯ ⲛⲁϥ ⲉⲥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ϭⲣⲟ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲕ ⲕⲁⲛ ⲓⲥϫⲉ ⲕⲧⲁϫⲣⲏⲟⲩⲧ","english":"She stood before him in all these things, giving him strength, saying to him, \"Be strong, even if you are weary.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The subject shifts from the judge to a female figure (ⲛⲁⲥⲟ̃ϩⲓ, 'she'), likely a personification of divine aid or a specific female saint, who stands before the holy one and encourages him.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ϭⲣⲟ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲕ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ϭⲣⲟ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲕ is an imperative meaning 'be strong' or 'take courage', a common exhortation in martyrdom narratives.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲕⲧⲁϫⲣⲏⲟⲩⲧ","severity":"info","text":"ⲕⲧⲁϫⲣⲏⲟⲩⲧ is a stative form meaning 'you are weary' or 'you have become weak', reflecting the physical toll of torture or trial.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The figure of a female encourager (possibly a personified virtue or a saint) is a hagiographic trope, often representing divine grace or the Church itself, common in Coptic martyrdom accounts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage continues the narrative pattern of alternating dialogue and encouragement, typical of Coptic hagiography, where a divine or supportive figure intervenes to strengthen the martyr.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of ⲛⲁⲥⲟ̃ϩⲓ ('she') is not specified in the Coptic; it could be a female saint, an angel, or a personification. The reading assumes a supportive female figure, consistent with the context of encouragement."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":16,"ref":"p16","source":"ϫⲉⲙⲛⲟⲙϯ ⲕⲁⲛ ⲓⲥϫⲉ ⲕϫⲉⲙⲛⲟⲙϯ ⲣⲱ ⲁⲕϫⲱⲕ ⲅⲁⲣ\nⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̃ⲫⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲙ̃ⲡⲉⲕϭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉ̃ⲧⲁⲥϫⲟⲧⲟⲩ ⲁ ⲡⲓⲧⲩⲣⲁⲛⲛⲟⲥ ⲑⲣⲟⲩⲱ̃ⲗⲓ ⲙⲡⲓⲃⲁⲗ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯϫⲓϫ ⲛⲉⲙ ϯϭⲁⲗⲟϫ ⲁⲩⲥⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ⲉ̃ⲡⲉⲥϩⲟ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲥ ϫⲉ\nⲓⲥ ⲫⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲙ̃ⲡⲉϥϭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲓ̃ ϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉϥⲧⲟⲩϫⲟϥ ⲡⲉϫⲉ\nϯⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲁ̃ ⲁⲛⲛⲁ ϫⲉ ⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̃ϩⲏⲧ ⲛ̃ⲟⲩⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲱ ⲫⲏ\nⲉⲧⲥϩⲟⲩⲟⲣⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲭⲛⲁⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ̃ⲧϫⲟⲙ ⲙ̃ⲡⲁⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲧⲟⲧⲉ\nⲁⲥⲱ̃ⲗⲓ ⲛ̃ⲛⲓⲙⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲁⲥⲧⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲉ̃ⲡⲉϥⲙⲁ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉϫⲁⲥ ⲛⲁϥ\nϫⲉ ⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲁⲓⲱⲧ ⲁ̃ϫⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲫⲣⲁⲛ ⲙ̃ⲡⲭ︤ⲥ︥\nⲉⲧⲁϥϫⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲥⲁⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲁ̃ ⲛⲉϥⲙⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲉⲣ ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ\nϣⲟⲣⲡ ⲡⲓⲙⲏϣ ⲇⲉ ⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲁⲩⲱϣ ⲉ̃ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲩϫⲱ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲥ\nϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲧⲉ ⲧϫⲟⲙ ⲙ̃ⲡⲭ︤ⲥ︥ ⲉⲧⲁϥϣⲫⲓⲧ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ\nⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ϫⲉ ϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲁⲓⲉ̃ⲙⲓ ϫⲉ ⲛ̃ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ\nϩⲁⲛⲥⲱⲧⲡ ⲙ̃ⲙⲁⲅⲟⲥ * ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲁ̃ⲛⲟⲕ ϯⲛⲁⲓ̃ⲛⲓ ⲛ̃ϩⲁⲛⲙⲁⲅⲟⲥ ⲉϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲉⲣⲱⲧⲉⲛ\nⲦⲟⲧⲉ ⲁⲩϫⲓⲙⲓ ⲛⲁϥ ⲛ̃ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲛⲁⲭⲱ ⲉ̃ⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ\nⲁⲇⲙⲱⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁϥ ϫⲉ ⲉⲓⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉⲕⲙⲟϩ\nⲛ̃ⲟⲩϣⲓⲕ ⲛ̃ϩⲟϥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲇⲣⲁⲕⲱⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲙⲟⲩⲓ̃ ⲛⲉⲙ ϭⲗⲏ\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲃⲁⲥⲓⲗⲓⲥⲕⲟⲥ ⲛ̃ⲑⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲓ̃ⲣⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲧⲉⲭⲛⲏ\nⲉⲧϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲙ̃ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲟⲩⲁϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲓ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟϥ ⲛⲁϥ ⲧⲟⲧⲉ\nⲁϥⲑⲣⲟⲩⲥⲱⲛϩ ⲙ̃ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛ̃ⲥⲉϩⲓⲧϥ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲉ̃ⲡⲓϣⲓⲕ\nⲁϥⲕⲟⲧϥ ⲇⲉ ⲉϯⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲁ ⲁⲛⲛⲁ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛⲁⲥ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩ\nⲡⲉ ⲉⲧⲉϫⲱ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟϥ ϯϧⲉⲗⲗⲱ ⲙⲁⲣⲉ ⲓⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲛⲁϩⲙⲉϥ\nⲛ̃ⲑⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁϥⲛⲁϩⲙⲉϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϥⲛⲁⲛⲁϩⲙⲉϥ\nⲟⲛ ⲡⲓⲁ̃ⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̃ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϥⲟ̃ϩⲓ ⲇⲉ¹ ⲉ̃ⲣⲁⲧϥ ⲡⲉ\nϧⲉⲛ ⲑⲙⲏϯ ⲛ̃ⲛⲓⲑⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲉϥⲧⲱⲃϩ ⲙ̃ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲥ\nϫⲉ ϯϣⲉⲡϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲛ̃ⲧⲟⲧⲕ ⲡⲁϭ︤ⲥ︥ ⲓⲏ︤ⲥ︥ ⲡⲭ︤ⲥ︥","english":"She stood before him in all these things, giving him strength, saying to him, \"Be strong, even if you are weary. For you have fulfilled the law of your Lord. Now these things that she said, the tyrant ordered them to take the eye and the hand and the foot, and they cast them into her face, saying to her, 'Behold the law of her Lord, let him now take and save him.' The blessed Anna said, 'O small-hearted one, O wretched one, you will see the power of my God.' Then she took the holy members of the blessed bishop, and she placed each one in its place, and said to him, 'My son and my father, say in the name of Christ.' And when he said it, his members became as they were before. The whole multitude cried out, saying, 'Great is the power of Christ.' When the transgressor was amazed, he said, 'Now I know that you are not chosen magicians, but I will bring magicians more numerous than you.' Then they found for him a great magician named Admon, and he said to him, 'I wish to fill a pit with snakes and dragons and lions and leopards and basilisks.' And he himself did his evil art to the one who commanded him. Then they bound the blessed one and cast him down into the pit. He turned to the blessed Anna and said to her, 'What is it that you say, old woman? Let Jesus now save him.' She said, 'He has saved him and he will save him again.' The holy bishop stood in the midst of the beasts, praying in this manner, saying, 'I give thanks to you, my Lord Jesus Christ.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲅⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲙⲁⲅⲟⲥ (magus) is used twice: first by the tyrant to accuse the Christians of being 'chosen magicians' (ⲥⲱⲧⲡ ⲙ̃ⲙⲁⲅⲟⲥ), then in his boast to bring more magicians. The glossary notes that in non-Nativity contexts the singular denotes a sorcerer, often an antagonist of an apostle.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The term ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ (bishop) is used repeatedly for Cyril, the protagonist. The glossary fixes the rendering as 'bishop', consistent with ecclesiastical titles in Coptic hagiography.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ϧⲉⲛ ⲫⲣⲁⲛ ⲙ̃ⲡⲭ︤ⲥ︥","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'in the name of Christ' (ϧⲉⲛ ⲫⲣⲁⲛ ⲙ̃ⲡⲭ︤ⲥ︥) echoes the baptismal formula and early Christian exorcistic language, common in martyrdom accounts to invoke divine power.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲇⲙⲱⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The magician named Admon (ⲁⲇⲙⲱⲛ) is otherwise unattested in known Coptic hagiography. The name may be a variant of Admon or derived from a Semitic root, but its origin is uncertain.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue between the tyrant, the blessed Anna, and the bishop Cyril, with a brief interjection by the crowd. The structure alternates between threats, miraculous restoration, and a challenge involving beasts, typical of hagiographic trial scenes.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲁϥⲟ̃ϩⲓ ⲇⲉ¹ ⲉ̃ⲣⲁⲧϥ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic phrase ⲛⲁϥⲟ̃ϩⲓ ⲇⲉ¹ ⲉ̃ⲣⲁⲧϥ is ambiguous: it may mean 'he stood' or 'he was placed'. The English draft reads 'stood', but the verb ⲟϩⲓ can also mean 'to be set' or 'to be put', possibly indicating the bishop was positioned by the beasts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the magician Admon is unclear; the name may be a corruption or a unique figure.","The phrase ⲛⲁϥⲟ̃ϩⲓ ⲇⲉ¹ ⲉ̃ⲣⲁⲧϥ could be read as either 'he stood' or 'he was placed', affecting the agency of the bishop's stance among the beasts."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":17,"ref":"p17","source":"ϫⲉ ⲁⲕϣⲱⲡⲓ\nⲛⲏⲓ ⲛⲟⲩⲃⲟⲏ̃ⲑⲟⲥ ⲛ̃ϩⲣⲏⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲕⲣⲁⲛ ⲁⲛϩⲱⲙⲓ","english":"that you have become\na helper to me, for in your name we have been saved.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲃⲟⲏ̃ⲑⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲃⲟⲏ̃ⲑⲟⲥ (boēthos) means 'helper' or 'assistant,' often used in Coptic hagiography for divine or saintly aid. Here it is applied to Cyril, emphasizing his role as an intercessor.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲕⲣⲁⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'in your name' echoes New Testament language of salvation through a name (e.g., Acts 4:12, 1 Cor 1:13), but here it is applied to Cyril, not Christ, reflecting a hagiographic transposition of scriptural motifs.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲛϩⲱⲙⲓ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ⲁⲛϩⲱⲙⲓ (from ⲛⲟⲩϩⲉⲙ, 'to save') is a first-person plural perfect, 'we have been saved.' This collective salvation aligns with the Coptic hagiographic theme of the saint's name providing protection to the community.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This unit is a direct speech by Anna, continuing her address to Cyril. It forms a climactic declaration of gratitude, linking Cyril's name to the community's deliverance, and transitions the narrative from trial to vindication.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲁⲛϩⲱⲙⲓ could be read as a passive or middle voice; the translation 'we have been saved' is taken as active perfect. The referent of 'your name' (Cyril) is clear from context, but the phrase could also echo liturgical formulas."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":18,"ref":"p18","source":"ⲉ̃ϫⲉⲛ ⲛⲓϩⲟϥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓϭⲗⲏ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ϯⲉ̃ⲝⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ̃ ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲧⲏⲓⲥ\nⲛ̃ⲛⲏ ⲉⲑⲛⲁϩϯ ⲉ̃ⲣⲟⲕ ⲛⲓⲑⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲛⲁⲩϩⲓⲛⲓⲙ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ\nⲡⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲧϫⲟⲙ ⲙ̃ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲙ̃ⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̃ϩⲁⲛⲣⲉϥⲙⲱⲟⲩⲧ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲧⲩⲣⲁⲛⲛⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙ̃ⲡⲉ ϩⲗⲓ ⲛ̃ⲧⲁⲕⲟ\nϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟϥ *ⲁϥⲟⲩⲁϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲓ ⲉ̃ⲥⲓϯ ⲛ̃ⲟⲩⲭⲣⲱⲙ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ\nⲉ̃ⲡⲓϣⲓⲕ ϫⲉ ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛ̃ⲑⲟϥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲑⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̃ⲧⲟⲩⲣⲱⲕϩ ⲉⲩⲥⲟⲡ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁ ⲡⲓⲭⲣⲱⲙ ⲣⲱⲕϩ ⲙⲉⲛ ⲛ̃ⲛⲓⲑⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ\nⲡⲓⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲩⲇⲉ ⲙ̃ⲡⲉϥϣⲱϩⲉⲃ ⲛ̃ⲟⲩϥⲱⲓ ⲛ̃ⲧⲁϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ\nϧⲉⲛ ⲧϫⲟⲙ ⲙ̃ⲡⲭ︤ⲥ︥ ⲁⲩⲑⲁϥϥ¹ ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟϥ ⲙ̃ⲡⲉⲙⲑⲟ\nⲙ̃ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ\nⲈⲧⲁⲩⲛⲁⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲙⲏϣ ⲁⲩⲉⲣϣⲫⲏⲣⲓ ⲉⲩϫⲱ\nⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲛ ⲕⲉⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲉⲃⲏⲗ ⲉⲣⲟⲕ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲟⲩⲁⲓ ⲡⲉ\nⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲛ̃ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁ̃ⲕⲟⲥ ⲁⲥⲱϣ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲁⲩ ⲉⲥⲉⲣⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲍⲓⲛ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟϥ ⲉⲥϫⲱ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲱ̃ⲟⲩⲛⲓⲁⲧⲕ ⲛ̃ⲑⲟⲕ\nⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲙ̃ⲙⲉⲛⲣⲓⲧ ϫⲉ ⲁⲕⲉⲣⲁⲅⲱⲛⲓⲍⲉⲥⲑⲉ ⲙ̃ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲱⲛ\nⲉⲑⲛⲁⲛⲉϥ ⲡⲓⲇⲣⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲁⲕϫⲟⲕϥ ⲉ̃ⲃⲟⲗ ⲡⲓⲛⲁϩϯ ⲁⲕⲁⲣⲉϩ\nⲉ̃ⲣⲟⲕ² ⲁⲕϭⲣⲟ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲉ̃ⲡⲣⲭⲣⲱⲙ ⲙ̃ⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲙ̃ⲡⲓⲅ̅ ⲛ̃ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ\nⲁⲩⲟⲩⲉϣⲟⲩⲱϣⲕ ⲙ̃ⲡϣⲃⲱⲧ ⲙ̃ⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲙ̃ⲡⲁⲩⲗⲟⲥ ⲁⲩϩⲓⲱ̃ⲛⲓ ⲉ̃ϫⲱⲕ ⲙ̃ⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̃ⲥⲧⲉⲫⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲉⲕⲥⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲓⲥϫⲉ\nⲟⲩⲧⲟⲗⲙⲏⲣⲟⲛ ⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ ϯⲛⲁϫⲟϥ ⲁⲕⲁ̃ⲗⲏⲓ ⲉ̃ϫⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϩⲟϥ\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲃⲁⲥⲓⲗⲓⲥⲕⲟⲥ ⲁⲕϩⲱⲙⲓ ⲉ̃ϫⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲟⲩⲓ̃ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲟⲩⲇⲣⲁⲕⲱⲛ³ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲧⲥϧⲏⲟⲩⲧ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲓⲧⲩⲣⲁⲛⲛⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲉϥϣⲫⲓⲧ ⲛⲁϥϧⲣⲁϫⲣⲉϫ ⲛ̃ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁϫϩⲓ ⲉϩⲣⲏⲓ\nⲉ̃ϫⲱⲟⲩ ⲉϥⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ̃ϧⲟⲑⲃⲟⲩ\nⲀⲇⲙⲱⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲅⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ̃ⲛⲁⲓϣⲫⲏⲣⲓ\nⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ ϫⲉ ⲁⲕⲙⲟϩ ⲉ̃ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲙ̃ⲙⲉⲧⲁⲧϩⲏⲧ ⲉⲕⲟⲩⲱϣ ⲉ̃ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ⲛ̃ⲛⲁⲓⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲁⲗⲏⲑⲱⲥ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲛ\nⲕⲉⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛ̃ⲥⲁ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲛ̃ⲛⲁⲓⲁ̃ⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲫⲁⲓ ϩⲱ ⲉ̃ϯⲛⲁϩϯ\nⲉ̃ⲣⲟϥ ⲓⲥϫⲉⲛ ϯⲛⲟⲩ","english":"over the snakes and the vipers according to the authority that you have given. Those who believe in you, all the wild beasts, however, were subdued by the power of Christ, like dead men. When the tyrant saw that no destruction had happened to him, he ordered that a fire be cast down into the pit, so that, he said, he and the wild beasts would burn together. And the fire burned the wild beasts, but the saint was not even singed in a single hair. And by the power of Christ, he was found unharmed and stood before the king. When the multitudes saw this, they marveled, saying, \"There is no other god besides you, O Christ; the God of Cyriacus is one.\" His mother cried out, blessing him, saying, \"O blessed one, my beloved son, for you have contended in the good contest; you have completed the race; you have kept the faith; you have prevailed over the fire like the three holy ones. They wished to burn you in the furnace like Paul, and they cast you into the pit like your brother Stephen. And if it is not a bold thing to say, you have trampled upon a snake and a basilisk; you have trodden upon a lion and a dragon, according to what is written concerning Christ.\" The tyrant, however, was enraged, gnashing his teeth at them, wanting to kill them. Admon the magician, when he saw these marvels, said to the king, \"You are filled with great folly, wanting to destroy these righteous ones. Truly, there is no other god besides Christ, the God of these saints. This one I also believe in from now on.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ (with the definite article) functions as a noun meaning 'the saint', here referring to Cyril of Jerusalem. The glossary renders ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ as 'holy' adjectivally, but the article shifts it to a titular designation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲅ̅ ⲛ̃ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the three holy ones' (ⲡⲓⲅ̅ ⲛ̃ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ) alludes to the three youths in the fiery furnace (Daniel 3), a common type in martyrdom literature for miraculous preservation from fire.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲁⲩⲗⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The mother compares Cyril to Paul (ⲡⲁⲩⲗⲟⲥ), likely evoking the tradition of Paul's escape from burning at the stake (Acts of Paul and Thecla) or his endurance of stoning (Acts 14:19).","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲥⲧⲉⲫⲁⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Stephen (ⲥⲧⲉⲫⲁⲛⲟⲥ) is invoked as a brother figure; this likely refers to the protomartyr Stephen, stoned to death (Acts 7:54–60), whose fate is paralleled by Cyril's being cast into a pit.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲇⲙⲱⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲅⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Admon the magician (ⲁⲇⲙⲱⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲅⲟⲥ) is a stock figure in Coptic martyrdoms, often a pagan sage who converts after witnessing miracles. His name may derive from the Greek Ἄδμων or be a variant of Adamas.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is a dialogue unit, marked by direct speech from the multitudes, Cyril's mother, and Admon. The mother's speech is a formal encomium listing typological parallels (three youths, Paul, Stephen), a common hagiographic device.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲡⲓⲅ̅ ⲛ̃ⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ could be read as 'the three holy ones' (the youths) or 'the three saints' (a generic group); the context of fire supports the Danielic reference.","The mother's reference to 'your brother Stephen' may be literal (Cyril's sibling) or typological (a fellow martyr); the latter is more likely given the hagiographic style.","The Coptic ⲁⲩⲑⲁϥϥ is ambiguous: it could mean 'he was found' or 'he was placed'; the translation 'found unharmed' is adopted based on the context of miraculous preservation."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":19,"ref":"p19","source":"ⲡⲓⲧⲩⲣⲁⲛⲛⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥϫⲱⲛⲧ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲁϩ̃ⲥⲁϩⲛⲓ ⲉ̃ⲱ̃ⲗⲓ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉϥⲁ̃ⲫⲉ ⲛ̃ⲑⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲫⲁϧⲧϥ ϧⲁ ⲛⲉⲛϭⲁⲗⲁⲩϫ ⲙ̃ⲡⲓⲁ̃ⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁ̃ⲕⲟⲥ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲁϭ︤ⲥ︥\nⲛ̃ⲓⲱⲧ ⲛ̃ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲙⲟⲓ ⲛⲏⲓ ϩⲱ ⲛ̃ϯⲥⲫⲣⲁⲅⲓⲥ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲱⲙⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙⲁⲧⲟⲩⲃⲟⲓ ⲛ̃ⲑⲟϥ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲉⲣⲥⲫⲣⲁⲅⲓⲍⲓⲛ\nⲙ̃ⲙⲟϥ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲧⲧⲣⲓⲁⲥ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲉⲥⲉⲉⲣⲥⲫⲣⲁⲅⲓⲍⲓⲛ\nⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲕ ⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲡⲓⲱⲙⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲭⲛⲁϭⲓⲧϥ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲕⲥⲛⲟϥ\nⲙ̃ⲙⲓⲛ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲕ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲁϥⲥⲟⲩⲧⲱⲛ¹ ⲧⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲃⲓ\nⲉ̃ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉϥⲫⲟⲛϩ ⲉⲡⲉⲓ̃ⲉⲃⲧ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲁϭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲙⲡⲉⲣⲱⲡ ⲉⲣⲟⲓ ⲛ̃ⲛⲁⲙⲉⲧⲁⲧⲉ̃ⲙⲓ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ⲟⲡⲧ ϩⲱ ⲉ̃ⲛⲉⲕⲙⲁⲣⲧⲩⲣⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲥⲁⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲁⲩⲱ̃ⲗⲓ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉϥⲁ̃ⲫⲉ ⲁϥⲉⲣⲡⲉⲙⲡϣⲁ ⲙ̃ⲡⲓⲱⲛϧ ⲛⲉⲛⲉϩ\nⲒⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲙ̃ⲡⲓⲁ̃ⲅⲓⲟⲥ\nⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁⲕⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲭⲛⲁⲧⲁⲙⲟⲓ ⲁⲛ ⲭⲉ ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲉ̃ⲙⲓ ⲉ̃ⲧⲁⲓⲛⲓϣϯ\nⲙ̃ⲙⲉⲧⲙⲁⲅⲟⲥ ⲛⲁϣ ⲛ̃ⲣⲏϯ ϩⲏⲡⲡⲉ ⲅⲁⲣ ⲁⲕⲥⲱⲣⲉⲙ ⲙ̃ⲡⲁⲣⲭⲱⲛ *ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲙⲁⲅⲟⲥ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲛ̃ϯⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ\nⲛ̃ϩⲗⲓ ⲁⲛ ⲛ̃ⲥⲁ ⲡⲁϭ̄ⲥ︦ ⲓⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲁⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ϣⲉ ⲡⲓⲍⲉⲩⲥ\nⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲧⲁⲥⲑⲟ ⲉ̃ⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ϯⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲥ ϯⲛⲁϥⲱϯ ⲉ̃ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̃ⲟⲩⲟⲛ\nⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲑⲛⲁϩϯ ⲉⲡⲁⲓⲣⲁⲛ ϫⲉ ⲓⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛⲓⲙ ϩⲱϥ ⲡⲉ ⲓⲏ︦ⲥ︦\nⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ϫⲉ ⲁⲣⲓⲉ̃ⲙⲓ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲡⲓⲟⲩϩⲟⲣ ⲉⲧϭⲁϧⲉⲙ ϫⲉ\nⲭⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ ⲉϯⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲥ ⲉⲕⲟⲛϧ ⲛⲧⲉⲕⲓ̃ ⲉⲕⲟⲓ ⲛ̃ⲣⲉϥⲙⲱⲟⲩⲧ\nⲉⲁⲩϧⲉⲗϧⲱⲗⲕ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲥⲏϥⲓ ⲉⲥϩⲏⲡ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉϥⲫⲟⲛϫⲕ ⲛ̃ⲭⲱⲗⲉⲙ ⲉ̃ⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲕⲱⲟⲩ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲫⲏ ⲉ̃ⲧⲁⲕϫⲉⲟⲩⲁ ⲉ̃ⲣⲟϥ\nⲁϥϫⲱⲛⲧ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥⲓⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲑⲣⲟⲩⲁϣϥ ⲉϩⲣⲏⲓ ⲛ̃ⲥⲉϩⲱⲕⲓ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ ⲛϯⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲁ̃ ⲁⲛⲛⲁ ϫⲉ\nⲟⲩ ⲡⲉⲧⲉϫⲱ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲥ ⲁⲛⲛⲁ ⲁ̃ⲣⲓⲑⲩⲥⲓⲁ̃ ⲙ̃ⲡⲉⲣⲉⲣⲁⲧϩⲏⲧ\nⲙ̃ⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲙ̃ⲡⲉϣⲏⲣⲓ ϫⲉ ⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲡ ⲛⲁϥ ⲙ̃ⲫⲙⲟⲩ","english":"The tyrant, however, became angry and gave orders to cut off his head. But he himself prostrated himself at the feet of the holy Cyriacus, saying, \"My Lord, the father bishop, give me also the seal of Christ and the baptism.\" And he made the sign of the cross over himself, saying, \"May the holy Trinity seal you, my son. The baptism you will receive through your own blood.\" And thus he stretched out his neck, looking toward the east, saying, \"My Lord Jesus, do not abandon me in my ignorance, but number me among your holy martyrs.\" And immediately they cut off his head, and he became worthy of eternal life.\n\nJulian the transgressor said to the holy Cyriacus, \"Will you not tell me how you learned this great magic? For behold, you have defeated the chief of the magicians.\" The holy one said, \"I know nothing except my Lord Jesus.\" The lawless one said, \"By Zeus, if I had known this from the beginning, I would have destroyed everyone who believes in this name, Jesus. Who is this Jesus?\" The holy one said, \"Know, you wretched and foolish one, that you will destroy the beginning while you are alive, but you are a dead man, for you have been cut with a hidden sword, and he whom you have cursed will destroy you from your root.\"\n\nThe impious one became angry and had him thrown down to be sawn in two, and he said to the blessed Anna, \"What do you say, Anna? Perform a sacrifice; do not be stubborn like your son, who chose death for himself.","structure":"dialogue","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic term ⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ is rendered as 'bishop' per the pinned glossary. Here Cyriacus is addressed as 'father bishop', confirming his ecclesiastical office.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲱⲙⲥ ⲭⲛⲁϭⲓⲧϥ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲉⲕⲥⲛⲟϥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the baptism you will receive through your own blood' echoes the concept of baptism by martyrdom, a topos in Coptic hagiography, possibly alluding to the 'baptism of blood' found in early Christian martyrdom accounts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲓⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"Julian the transgressor (ⲓⲟⲩⲗⲓⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁⲧⲏⲥ) likely refers to the Roman emperor Julian the Apostate (r. 361–363), known for his attempt to revive paganism. The epithet 'transgressor' reflects Christian polemic.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲍⲉⲩⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The exclamation 'By Zeus' (ⲡⲓⲍⲉⲩⲥ) is a pagan oath placed in the mouth of Julian, consistent with the hagiographical portrayal of him as a pagan persecutor. This parallels similar oaths in other Coptic martyrdom accounts.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage is classified as dialogue, containing direct exchanges between Cyriacus and Julian, and between Julian and Anna. The shift from narrative to direct speech is marked by ⲡⲉϫⲁϥ (he said) and ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ (saying).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲥⲟⲩⲧⲱⲛ¹","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲁϥⲥⲟⲩⲧⲱⲛ¹ (he stretched out) has a superscript ¹, likely indicating a textual note or variant in the source edition. The reading is uncertain; the English draft renders it as 'stretched out his neck', which is plausible but not fully secure.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The superscript ¹ after ⲁϥⲥⲟⲩⲧⲱⲛ may indicate a textual variant or editorial mark; the exact reading is uncertain.","The phrase ⲭⲛⲁϩⲱⲗ ⲉϯⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲥ (you will destroy the beginning) is obscure; the English draft interprets it as 'you will destroy the beginning', but the referent of 'beginning' is unclear."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","label":"dialogue","text":"Classified as dialogue from the Coptic cues."}]},{"i":20,"ref":"p20","source":"ⲉϩⲟⲧⲉ\nⲡⲱⲛϧ ⲛ̃ⲑⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁⲥ ϫⲉ ⲑⲱⲙ ⲛ̃ⲣⲱⲕ ⲫⲏ ⲉ̃ⲧϭⲁϧⲉⲙ\nⲙⲁⲗⲗⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̃ⲑⲟϥ ⲉϥⲛⲁⲉⲣⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲓⲛ ⲙ̃ⲡⲱⲛϧ ⲛⲉⲛⲉϩ\nⲉⲫⲙ̃ⲁ ⲙ̃ⲡⲁⲓⲙⲟⲩ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲁⲓⲱⲛϧ ⲙ̃ⲡⲣⲟⲥⲟⲩⲥⲏⲟⲩ","english":"But as for life, she said, \"Shut your mouth, you who are greedy.\" Rather, he himself will inherit eternal life in the place of this death of mine and this temporary life.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲉϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲡⲱⲛϧ ⲛ̃ⲑⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁⲥ ϫⲉ ⲑⲱⲙ ⲛ̃ⲣⲱⲕ ⲫⲏ ⲉ̃ⲧϭⲁϧⲉⲙ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic opens with a direct speech marker: 'But as for life, she said, “Shut your mouth, you who are greedy.”' The speaker is likely the personified 'life' (ⲡⲱⲛϧ), rebuking the tyrant or a greedy figure.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲉⲣⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲓⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ⲉⲣⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲓⲛ (from Greek κληρονομέω) means 'to inherit.' In Coptic hagiography, it often denotes receiving eternal life or a spiritual legacy, as here: 'inherit eternal life.'","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲱⲛϧ ⲛⲉⲛⲉϩ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'eternal life' (ⲡⲱⲛϧ ⲛⲉⲛⲉϩ) echoes New Testament language, e.g., John 3:16, 17:2–3, where eternal life is contrasted with temporal existence. The martyr’s death is reframed as inheritance of everlasting life.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The contrast between 'this death of mine' and 'this temporary life' reflects a common hagiographic topos: the martyr’s physical death is a gateway to eternal life, while the persecutor’s life is fleeting. This aligns with Coptic martyrdom literature’s emphasis on spiritual victory.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲗⲗⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase ⲙⲁⲗⲗⲟⲛ ⲇⲉ ('rather') marks a rhetorical correction: the speaker dismisses the tyrant’s greed for life and asserts that the martyr will inherit eternal life instead. This adversative structure is typical of hagiographic dialogue.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic ⲉϩⲟⲧⲉ ⲡⲱⲛϧ ⲛ̃ⲑⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲡⲉϫⲁⲥ is ambiguous: it could mean 'But as for life, she said' (personifying life) or 'But as for the life of her, she said' (referring to a female figure). The reading taken follows the English draft, treating 'life' as the speaker.","The phrase ⲫⲏ ⲉ̃ⲧϭⲁϧⲉⲙ ('the one who is greedy') could refer to the tyrant or a generic greedy person; the context suggests the tyrant."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":21,"ref":"p21","source":"ⲉⲧⲁϥϫⲱⲛⲧ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲧⲩⲣⲁⲛⲛⲟⲥ ⲁϥⲑⲣⲟⲩⲁϣⲥ ⲉ̃ⲡϣⲱⲓ\nⲛ̃ⲥⲁ ⲡⲓϥⲱⲓ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲧⲉⲥⲁ̃ⲫⲉ ⲉⲁⲩϩⲱⲕⲓ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲁⲩⲅ̄ϯ\nⲛ̃ⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓϩⲙⲟⲧ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲛⲁⲥⲉⲣⲉⲥⲑⲁⲛⲉⲥⲑⲉ ⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲉⲡⲧⲏⲣϥ ⲁⲥⲱϣ ⲇⲉ ⲉ̃ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲥϫⲱ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲥ\n*ϫⲉ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲥϩⲟⲩⲟⲣⲧ ⲡⲁⲣⲁ ⲟⲩⲟⲛ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲓⲥϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛⲧⲉⲕ\nⲃⲁⲥⲁⲛⲟⲥ ⲙ̃ⲙⲁⲩ ⲁⲛⲓⲟⲩⲓ̃ ⲡⲁⲗⲓⲛ ⲟⲛ ⲁϥⲑⲣⲟⲩϩⲓⲟⲩⲓ̃\nⲛ̃ϩⲁⲛⲕⲁⲛⲇⲏⲗⲁ ⲛ̃ⲭⲣⲱⲙ ⲥⲁⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲙ̃ⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲩ ⲟⲩⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲣⲉ[ⲡϭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲉⲣ]ⲥⲕⲉⲡⲁⲍⲓⲛ ⲛ̃ⲛⲉϥⲁ̃ⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ\nⲠⲓⲁ̃ⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁⲕⲟⲥ ⲁϥϯ ⲛ̃ⲧⲁⲓⲡⲣⲟⲥⲉⲩⲭⲏ ⲉϥⲁ̃ϣⲓ\nⲉϩⲣⲏⲓ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲁⲩ ⲉϥϫⲱ ⲙⲙⲟⲥ ⲙ̃ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ϫⲉ ⲡϭ︦ⲥ︦\nⲡⲓⲡⲁⲛⲧⲟⲕⲣⲁⲧⲱⲣ ⲫⲏ ⲉ̃ⲧⲁϥⲥⲱⲛⲧ ⲛ̃ϩⲱⲃ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲛⲁϥϣⲟⲡ ⲁⲛ ⲛ̃ⲑⲟⲕ ⲁⲕⲑⲁⲙⲓⲟ̃ ⲙ̃ⲡⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ\nⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲧⲉⲕϩⲓⲕⲱⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲕⲁⲧⲁ ⲡⲉⲕⲓ̃ⲛⲓ ⲁⲕⲭⲁϥ ϧⲉⲛ\nⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲇⲓⲥⲟⲥ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲛⲟϥ ⲉⲧⲁϥϩⲉⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ\nⲡⲓⲱ̃ⲟⲩ ⲉ̃ⲧⲉⲙⲙⲁⲩ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ϯⲁⲡⲁⲧⲏ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲡⲓϩⲟϥ ⲙ̃ⲡⲉⲕϩⲓⲡϩⲟ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟϥ ϫⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲡⲗⲁⲥⲙⲁ ⲡⲉ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϩⲱⲥ ϣⲁⲛⲑⲙⲁϧⲧ ⲁ̃ⲕⲉⲣⲃⲟⲏ̃ⲑⲓⲛ ⲉ̃ⲣⲟϥ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲡⲣⲟⲫⲏⲧⲏⲥ ⲛⲁϥⲕⲟⲗϫ ⲟⲛ ⲉ̃ϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲫⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉϥⲱϣϯ\nϩⲓⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲙ̃ⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲙ̃ⲡⲓϩⲟϥ ⲉ̃ⲁϥϣⲉ ⲛ̃ⲉ̃ⲥⲓⲉ̃ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲁϣⲁⲓ\nⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲛⲉϥⲙⲉⲧⲁⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲡⲅⲉⲛⲟⲥ ⲛ̃ⲛⲓⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛ̃ⲑⲟⲕ ⲅⲁⲣ\nⲡⲉ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲡⲓⲣⲉϥⲱ̃ⲟⲩ ⲛ̃ϩⲏⲧ ⲛ̃ⲁⲗⲏⲑⲓⲛⲟⲥ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲑⲛⲟϩⲉⲙ\nⲛ̃ⲥⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲙⲁⲓ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲛ̃ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲉⲣϩⲉⲗⲡⲓⲥ ⲉ̃ⲣⲟⲕ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲕϭⲓ ⲙ̃ⲡϣⲓϣ ⲛ̃ⲛⲓ*ⲁ̃ⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲙ̃ⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲁⲓⲥ ϩⲓ\nⲡⲓⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛⲱⲉ ⲉⲁⲕⲧⲟⲩϫⲟϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲕⲩⲃⲱⲧⲟⲥ ⲁⲕⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̃ⲛⲓⲁ̃ⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲕⲁⲧⲁⲕⲗⲩⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲁ ⲫⲛⲟⲃⲓ\nⲇⲉ ⲁϣⲁⲓ ϩⲓ ⲛⲓⲣⲉⲙⲥⲟⲇⲟⲙⲁ ⲁⲕⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲛ̃ⲉ̅ ⲙ̃ⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ ⲛ̃ⲁⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲡⲉⲕⲑⲙⲏⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ ⲗⲱⲧ","english":"When the tyrant became angry, he had her thrown onto the fire, and the hair of her head was singed. For a moment, through the grace of Christ, she was not entirely burned. She cried out, saying, \"The one who is more cursed than anyone else, if you have tortures there, bring them again.\" Again he had them throw red-hot candelabra beneath them. For a moment, the Lord protected his saints.\n\nThe holy Cyriacus gave this prayer, weeping, together with his mother, saying in this manner: \"Lord, the Pantocrator, who created all things out of nothing, you fashioned man according to your image and according your likeness. You placed him in the paradise of joy. But he fell from that glory through the deception of the serpent, your adversary, because it was your creation. And until now you have helped him through the law and the prophets. Again man has gone astray, crawling beneath like the serpent that went into the thicket of his impiety, the race of men. For you are God, the true glorifier of heart, who saves times in all places for those who hope in you. And you took the struggle of the lawless ones, as you did with the blessed Noah, when you saved him in an ark, and you destroyed the impious in a flood. When sin multiplied in Sodom, you destroyed five impious cities. And your righteous one, Lot...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲧⲩⲣⲁⲛⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲧⲩⲣⲁⲛⲛⲟⲥ (tyrannos) is used generically for a persecuting official, not a specific historical figure.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲇⲓⲥⲟⲥ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲡⲟⲩⲛⲟϥ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'paradise of joy' echoes the LXX of Genesis 2–3, where παράδεισος denotes the Garden of Eden.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲱⲉ","severity":"info","text":"The reference to Noah and the ark (ⲕⲩⲃⲱⲧⲟⲥ) alludes to Genesis 6–9, a standard type of salvation in Coptic hagiography.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲓⲕⲁⲛⲇⲏⲗⲁ ⲛ̃ⲭⲣⲱⲙ","severity":"info","text":"Red-hot candelabra (ⲕⲁⲛⲇⲏⲗⲁ) are a recurring torture instrument in Coptic martyrdom accounts, symbolising imperial cruelty.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from narrative (torture) to a long prayer by Cyriacus, a common hagiographic device to insert theological reflection.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲁⲣⲉ[ⲡϭⲥ ⲉⲣ]ⲥⲕⲉⲡⲁⲍⲓⲛ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a lacuna; the supplied reading ⲡϭⲥ (Lord) is editorial. The verb ⲥⲕⲉⲡⲁⲍⲓⲛ (from Greek σκεπάζειν) means 'to protect'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the tyrant is unspecified; the Coptic uses the generic ⲡⲓⲧⲩⲣⲁⲛⲛⲟⲥ. The prayer's reference to 'five impious cities' (Sodom) is a standard typology, not a specific historical claim."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":22,"ref":"p22","source":"ⲁⲕⲛⲁϩⲙⲉϥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲁⲣⲉ\nⲡⲓⲡⲉⲧϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲛ̃ⲉⲣⲛⲓϣϯ ⲙ̃ⲙⲏⲛⲓ ⲉⲩⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ ⲙ̃ⲡⲓⲥⲱⲛⲧ ⲉⲩϯϫⲱⲛⲧ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲛ̃ⲑⲟⲕ ϧⲁ ⲡⲓⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲛⲧ ⲉⲡϧⲁⲉ\nⲇⲉ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲛⲓⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ ⲁⲕⲟⲩⲱⲣⲡ ⲙ̃ⲡⲉⲕⲙⲟⲛⲟⲅⲉⲛⲏⲥ ⲛ̃ϣⲏⲣⲓ\nⲉⲡⲓⲕⲟⲥⲙⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲗⲟⲅⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲟⲛϧ ⲡⲓⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟⲕ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁⲕϫⲫⲟϥ ϧⲁϫⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲉ̃ⲛⲉϩ ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥⲉⲣⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ\nⲫⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲁϥⲥⲱϯ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟϥ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⲉ̃ⲧⲁϥⲉⲣϩⲱⲃ\nⲉⲣⲟϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲑⲙⲏϯ ⲙ̃ⲡⲕⲁϩⲓ ⲡⲓ⳧ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲉⲣϩⲩⲡⲟⲙⲉⲛⲓⲛ ⲉ̃ⲫⲙⲟⲩ ⲉ̃ⲃⲟⲗϩⲓⲧⲟⲧϥ ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲱϯ ⲙ̃ⲫⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛⲕⲉⲥⲟⲡ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉϥⲧⲁⲥⲑⲟϥ ⲉ̃ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲇⲓⲥⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲙⲁ ⲉⲧⲁϥϩⲉⲓ\nⲉⲃⲟⲗⲛ̃ϧⲏⲧϥ ⲉ̃ⲁ̃ ⲡⲉⲕⲟⲩϫⲁⲓ ⲫⲱⲣϣ ⲉ̃ⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲙⲁⲓ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ\nⲉⲁ ⲫⲣⲱⲙⲓ ϫⲉ ⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛ¹ ⲡⲉϥⲣⲉϥⲥⲱⲛⲧ ⲁⲩⲭⲱ ⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩ\nⲛϯⲡⲗⲁⲛⲏ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ϯⲙⲉⲧϣⲁⲙϣⲉⲓ̃ⲇⲱⲗⲟⲛ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲡⲉⲕⲙⲉⲛⲣⲓⲧ ⲛ̃ϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲫⲁⲓ ϩⲱ ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲉⲣⲣⲉⲙϩⲉ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲧⲁ*ⲡⲗⲁⲛⲏ ⲛ̃ϧⲏⲧϥ ϯⲛⲟⲩ ⲇⲉ ⲟⲛ ⲁϥϩⲓⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲁ̃ⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥ² ⲧⲡⲗⲁⲛⲏ ⲛ̃ϯⲙⲉⲧϣⲁⲙϣⲉⲓ̃ⲇⲱⲗⲟⲛ ⲑⲁⲓ ⲉ̃ⲧⲁⲥⲱ̃ϣⲉⲙ ⲁⲗⲗⲁ ϯⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ϫⲉ\nⲭⲛⲁϧⲟⲣϥ ⲛ̃ⲭⲱⲗⲉⲙ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲧⲉϥⲑⲣⲓⲥⲕⲓⲁ̃ ⲛ̃ⲃⲟϯ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉⲕⲛⲟϩⲉⲙ ⲙ̃ⲡⲉⲕⲗⲁⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉⲕⲥⲱϯ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲣⲟⲛⲟⲙⲓⲁ̃\nⲛ̃ⲧⲉⲕϭⲁⲥⲟⲩ ϣⲁ ⲉ̃ⲛⲉϩ ⲙⲉⲛⲧⲟⲓⲅⲉ ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲟ̃ϩⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲏ\nⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲕ ⲛ̃ⲟⲩⲁϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲓ ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲧⲏⲓⲧⲟⲩ ⲛⲁⲛ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ\nⲓ︦ⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲛϭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲉ̃ⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲱ̃ⲟⲩ ⲉⲣⲡⲣⲉⲡⲓ ⲛⲁⲕ ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥ\nⲛⲉⲙ ⲡⲓⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲁ︦ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ϣⲁ ⲉⲛⲉϩ ⲁⲙⲏⲛ\nⲘⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲁ ⲛⲁⲓ ⲁⲩⲭⲁⲩ ⲉⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁⲧⲏⲥ ϫⲉ ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲩ ϫⲉ ⲁⲓⲉⲣⲁ̃ⲛⲉⲭⲉⲥⲑⲉ ⲙ̃ⲙⲱⲧⲉⲛ\nϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲏⲣ ⲛ̃ϣϥⲱ ⲕⲉⲅⲁⲣ ⲁ̃ⲛⲟⲕ ϩⲱ ⲁⲓⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ\nⲉ̃ⲛⲁⲓϣϥⲱ ⲛ̃ⲟⲩⲙⲏϣ ⲛ̃ⲥⲟⲡ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲙ̃ⲡⲟⲩⲑⲁⲙⲓⲉ̃ ϩⲗⲓ\nⲛ̃ϩⲏⲟⲩ ⲛⲏⲓ ϯⲉ̃ⲙⲓ ⲅⲁⲣ ϫⲉ ⲛ̃ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ","english":"You saved him, and the evil one  \nis coming to contend with me continually, worshipping the creation and raging against you on behalf of the creator. But at the end  \nof the days, you sent your only-begotten son  \ninto the world, the living word, the one from you, whom you begot before all the ages, and he became man for the sake of  \nman. He saved himself through the salvation that worked  \nupon him in the midst of the earth, the cross, the one that endured death at his hands until he saved man again and established him in paradise, the place from which he had fallen.  \nYour salvation spread everywhere,  \nfor man said, \"Know your creator,\" and they abandoned  \nthe error of idolatry through the holy cross of your beloved son. This one also redeemed me from the error within it. Now again, the lawless one has raised the error of idolatry, which had diminished, but I know that  \nyou will destroy it and its foul religion, and you will save your people and your inheritance.  \nYour grace will endure forever. If they dwell in those  \nwho have no command, those you have established for us through  \nJesus Christ, our Lord, to whom the glory is fitting for you  \nand with him and the Holy Spirit forever. Amen.  \n\nAfter these things, they were brought down, and the transgressor said, \"Do you see that I have made an example of you?  \nUntil you say how many times? For I also have heard  \nthese many times, and nothing has been accomplished  \nfor me. I know that you","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓ⳧","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲡⲓ⳧ (ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲟⲥ) is a Greek loanword for 'cross'. The scribe uses the abbreviation ⳧ (staurogram) as a nomina sacra, common in Coptic manuscripts to denote the cross or crucifixion.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲗⲟⲅⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲟⲛϧ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'the living word' (ⲡⲓⲗⲟⲅⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲟⲛϧ) echoes the Johannine prologue (John 1:1, 1:14), identifying Christ as the Logos incarnate. The Coptic text closely follows the Greek theological vocabulary.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲇⲓⲥⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The reference to paradise (ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲇⲓⲥⲟⲥ) as the place from which man fell and to which he is restored reflects a common Coptic hagiographical motif of salvation history, drawing on Genesis and early Christian typology.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲙⲏⲛ","severity":"info","text":"The doxological closing with 'amen' (ⲁⲙⲏⲛ) marks the end of a liturgical or homiletic unit within the narrative, typical of Coptic hagiography where such formulae separate speeches or prayers.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩⲭⲁⲩ ⲉⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'they were brought down' (ⲁⲩⲭⲁⲩ ⲉⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ) is ambiguous: it may refer to the martyrs being lowered from the fire or to a descent into a prison or arena. The Coptic does not specify the agent or location.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The subject of 'they were brought down' (ⲁⲩⲭⲁⲩ ⲉⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧ) is unclear; it likely refers to the martyrs but could include the tyrant's agents.","The phrase 'those who have no command' (ⲛⲏ ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲕ ⲛⲟⲩⲁϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲓ) is obscure; it may denote the uninitiated or those outside the church's authority."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":23,"ref":"p23","source":"ϩⲁⲛϭⲁⲥⲓϩⲏⲧ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲫⲓⲧ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲫⲁⲓ ϯⲛⲁⲧⲁϩⲉ ⲑⲟⲩⲱⲧ ⲉⲣⲁⲧϥ\nⲛⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲁⲛ ⲙⲟⲛⲟⲛ ⲁ̃ⲣⲓⲟ̃ⲙⲟⲗⲟⲅⲓⲛ ϫⲉ ⲟⲩⲛⲓϣϯ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲓⲍⲉⲩⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ϫⲱⲗ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̃ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲉⲣⲥⲧⲁⲩⲣⲱⲛⲓⲛ ⲙ̃ⲙⲟϥ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ϯⲛⲁⲭⲁⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⲉ̃ⲃⲟⲗ ⲁⲩⲉⲣⲟⲩⲱ̃ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲇⲓⲕⲉⲟⲥ\nϫⲉ ⲫⲏ ⲉⲧⲥϩⲟⲩⲟⲣⲧ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲟⲩⲧⲉ ⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ ⲁⲛⲛⲁϫⲱⲗ\nⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲙ̃ⲫⲏ ⲉ̃*ⲧⲁϥⲓ̃ⲣⲓ ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛ ⲛ̃ⲛⲁⲓⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉϥⲉⲣⲡⲉⲑⲛⲁⲛⲉⲩ ·","english":"...men of hard hearts, and you have deceived yourselves concerning this. I will set the same before you. Not only do you confess that Zeus is great, but you also blaspheme the one who was crucified. And I will release you. The judges answered, saying, \"The one who is accursed by every man, we will blaspheme the one who did these good deeds for us.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ϩⲁⲛϭⲁⲥⲓϩⲏⲧ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic phrase ϩⲁⲛϭⲁⲥⲓϩⲏⲧ (literally 'men of hard hearts') is a conventional hagiographic epithet for pagan persecutors, emphasizing their obstinacy.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁ̃ⲣⲓⲟ̃ⲙⲟⲗⲟⲅⲓⲛ","severity":"info","text":"ⲁ̃ⲣⲓⲟ̃ⲙⲟⲗⲟⲅⲓⲛ is a Greek loanword (ὁμολογέω) meaning 'confess' or 'acknowledge', here used in a judicial context where the speaker challenges the judges' beliefs.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲍⲉⲩⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The mention of Zeus (ⲡⲓⲍⲉⲩⲥ) reflects the pagan context of the trial; in Coptic hagiography, Zeus often represents the chief deity of the persecutors, contrasted with the Christian God.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage continues the direct speech of the martyr, who accuses the judges of self-deception and blasphemy, leading to their response. The alternation of speaker is typical of trial narratives in Coptic hagiography.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩⲉⲣⲟⲩⲱ̃","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲁⲩⲉⲣⲟⲩⲱ̃ (literally 'they made answer') is ambiguous: it could be a scribal error for ⲁⲩⲉⲣⲟⲩⲱ (they answered) or a variant spelling. The sense is clear from context.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲁⲩⲉⲣⲟⲩⲱ̃ may be a scribal variant or error for ⲁⲩⲉⲣⲟⲩⲱ (they answered). The reading taken follows the standard Coptic verb ⲉⲣⲟⲩⲱ (to answer)."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":24,"ref":"p24","source":"ⲧⲏⲣⲟⲩ ⲉⲕⲉϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉⲡⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛ̃ⲃⲟϯ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ ⲇⲉ ⲉ̃ⲛⲁⲓ ⲁϥⲙ̃ⲃⲟⲛ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁϥⲟⲩⲁϩⲥⲁϩⲛⲓ ⲉⲑⲣⲟⲩⲥⲁϩϯ ϧⲁ ⲟⲩⲭⲁⲗⲕⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̃ⲛⲉϩ ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲃⲉⲣⲃⲉⲣ ⲉ̃ⲙⲁϣⲱ\nⲛ̃ⲥⲉϩⲓⲧⲟⲩ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲉ̃ⲣⲟϥ ⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉϥⲙⲁⲩ ϫⲉ\nϫⲉⲙⲛⲟⲙϯ ⲧⲁⲙⲁⲩ ⲡⲭ︤ⲥ︥ ϣⲟⲡ ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛ ⲙ̃ⲡⲉⲣⲉⲣϩⲟϯ\nⲡⲉϫⲉ ϯϫⲱⲣⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡϭ︦ⲥ︦ ϫⲉ ϯϫⲉⲙⲛⲟⲙϯ ⲡⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ\nϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲛⲉⲕϣⲗⲏⲗ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲫⲁⲓ ⲉ̃ⲧⲉⲕⲛⲁⲩ ⲉ̃ⲣⲟϥ\nⲁϥⲟⲓ ⲙ̃ⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲛ̃ⲟⲩⲫⲓⲥⲕⲓⲛⲁ ⲙ̃ⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲉϥⲕⲏⲃ ⲙ̃ⲡⲁⲙ̃ⲑⲟ\nⲡⲉϫⲉ ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲕⲁⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̃ⲛⲓⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲕⲱϯ ⲉⲣⲟϥ ϫⲉ\nϩⲉⲛⲑⲏⲛⲟⲩ ⲉ̃ⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲫⲟⲩⲉⲓ ⲛⲁϣⲏⲣⲓ ⲙ̃ⲏⲡⲱⲥ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϭⲓⲉⲣϧⲟⲧ ⲧⲟⲧⲉ ⲁϥⲁ̃ⲙⲟⲛⲓ ⲛ̃ⲧϫⲓϫ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉϥⲙⲁⲩ ⲁⲩϣⲉ\nⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲙⲡⲃ̅ ⲉϧⲣⲏⲓ ⲉⲡⲓⲭⲁⲗⲕⲓⲟⲛ ⲙ̃ⲫⲣⲏϯ ⲉⲩⲛⲁ ⲉ̃ϧⲣⲏⲓ\nⲉ̃ⲟⲩⲡⲩⲅⲏ ⲙ̃ⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲉϥⲕⲏⲃ ⲡⲓⲃⲉⲣⲃⲉⲣ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥⲛⲟⲩϫϧ\nⲉⲡϣⲱⲓ ⲁϥⲧⲁⲕⲟ ⲛ̃ϩⲁⲛⲟⲩⲟⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲛⲓⲁⲑⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛ̃ϩⲩⲡⲉⲣⲉⲧⲏⲥ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲓⲓ̃ⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲟ̃ϩⲓ ⲉ̃ⲣⲁⲧⲟⲩ ⲧⲟⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁⲧⲏⲥ\nⲉⲧⲁϥϣⲫⲓⲧ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁϥⲉⲣⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲛ̃ϩⲏⲧ ⲁϥⲑⲣⲟⲩϧⲉⲗϧⲱⲗⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲗⲟⲅⲕⲏ ⲉⲥϣⲏⲟⲩ ⲛ̃ϧⲟⲩⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲟⲩϩⲏⲧ\nⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲉⲣⲥⲫⲣⲁⲅⲓⲍⲓⲛ *ⲙ̃ⲙⲱⲟⲩ ⲁⲩϯ ⲙ̃ⲡⲟⲩⲡ︦ⲛ︦ⲁ︦\nⲉ̃ⲛⲉⲛϫⲓϫ ⲙ̃ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲁⲩⲉⲣⲡⲉⲙⲡϣⲁ ⲙ̃ⲡⲓⲱⲛϧ ⲛⲉⲛⲉϩ\nⲁⲩⲱ̃ⲗⲓ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̃ⲛⲟⲩⲥⲱⲙⲁ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲁⲩⲁⲩϫⲱⲗⲟⲩ¹\nⲁⲩⲭⲁⲩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲙⲁ ⲉϥⲟⲩⲁⲃ ϩⲁⲛⲙⲏϣ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̃ⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ\nⲁⲩϣⲱⲡⲓ ⲉ̃ⲃⲟⲗϩⲓⲧⲟⲧⲟⲩ\nⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁⲧⲏⲥ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥϣⲉ ⲛⲁϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩϫⲱⲛⲧ ⲛⲉⲙ\nⲟⲩⲁ̃ⲡⲟⲛⲟⲓⲁ̃ ⲉ̃ϯⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲥ ⲉϯ ⲟⲩⲃⲏⲥ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲇⲉ ⲁϥϭⲓ ⲙ̃ⲡⲉⲙϣⲓϣ\nⲛ̃ⲛⲉϥⲉ̃ⲃⲓⲁⲓⲕ ⲉⲧⲁϥϯϧⲓⲥⲓ ⲛⲱⲟⲩ ⲁϥϧⲉⲗϧⲱⲗϥ ϧⲉⲛ ⲟⲩⲗⲟⲅⲕⲏ ⲉⲥϩⲏⲡ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲟⲩⲥⲧⲣⲁⲧⲓⲁ̃ ⲛ̃ⲁ̃ⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲉⲁϥⲛⲁⲩ ⲉⲣⲟⲥ\nⲉⲥⲛⲏⲟⲩ ⲉϩⲣⲏⲓ ⲉϫⲱϥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲁ̃ⲏⲣ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ\nⲁϥϩⲓ ⲡⲉϥⲑⲏⲟⲩ ⲫ︦ϯ︦ ⲇⲉ","english":"...all of you, along with your foul gods, will be destroyed. When he heard these things, he was enraged and commanded that they be placed over a bronze vessel of oil until it boiled. They were cast into it. The blessed one said to his mother, \"Do not be afraid, my mother. Christ is with us. Do not fear.\" The strong one said in the Lord, \"I am not afraid, my son. Through your holy prayers, this one whom you see has become like a fish of water swimming before me.\" The blessed one said to the faithful who surrounded him, \"Depart from me quickly, my children, lest you also be seized.\" Then he took the hand of his mother, and they went down into the bronze vessel as if descending into a pool of water. The boiling oil splashed upward and destroyed some of the godless hyperetai and the Jews who were standing nearby. Then the transgressor, who had become envious and small-hearted, had them bound in a hidden prison within their hearts. And after they were sealed, they gave their spirit into the hands of God and became worthy of eternal life. The faithful took up their bodies and placed them in a holy place. Many healings occurred through them. The transgressor went away in wrath and madness, giving praise to God. But God took vengeance on his enemies, for he had given them trouble. He bound him in a hidden prison of a holy army, which he saw descending upon him from the air. And thus he met his end. God, however...","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁⲧⲏⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Greek loanword ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲃⲁⲧⲏⲥ (parabatēs) means 'transgressor' or 'law-breaker'. Here it designates the persecutor, likely a Roman official, emphasizing his violation of divine law.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲫⲓⲥⲕⲓⲛⲁ ⲙ̃ⲙⲱⲟⲩ","severity":"info","text":"The simile of the mother seeing a fish swimming in water (ⲫⲓⲥⲕⲓⲛⲁ ⲙ̃ⲙⲱⲟⲩ) may echo early Christian fish symbolism (ichthys) for Christ, though not a direct scriptural citation.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲭⲁⲗⲕⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̃ⲛⲉϩ","severity":"info","text":"The bronze vessel of oil (ⲭⲁⲗⲕⲓⲟⲛ ⲛ̃ⲛⲉϩ) is a typical instrument of martyrdom in Coptic hagiography, reflecting Roman-era execution methods adapted for hagiographic narrative.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage shifts from direct dialogue (mother and son) to narrative action (descent into oil, destruction of persecutors), then to a concluding divine vengeance scene, marking a climactic transition in the martyrdom account.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ϩⲁⲛⲙⲏϣ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̃ⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ","severity":"info","text":"The mention of many healings (ϩⲁⲛⲙⲏϣ ⲇⲉ ⲛ̃ⲧⲁⲗϭⲟ) from the martyrs' bodies reflects the cult of relics in Coptic Christianity, where saints' remains were venerated for miraculous cures.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁⲩⲁⲩϫⲱⲗⲟⲩ¹","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic text has a superscript '¹' after ⲁⲩⲁⲩϫⲱⲗⲟⲩ, likely a scribal or editorial mark; the reading 'they wrapped them' is assumed, but the mark may indicate a variant or correction.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the strong one' (ϯϫⲱⲣⲓ) is ambiguous: it may refer to the mother or to a divine figure; the translation takes it as the mother speaking in the Lord.","The phrase 'hidden prison within their hearts' (ⲟⲩⲗⲟⲅⲕⲏ ⲉⲥϣⲏⲟⲩ ⲛ̃ϧⲟⲩⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲟⲩϩⲏⲧ) is metaphorical; the exact referent (spiritual bondage or literal imprisonment) is unclear."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":25,"ref":"p25","source":"ⲁϥⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥ² ⲕⲉⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛⲑⲙⲏⲓ\nⲉ̃ⲡⲉϥⲣⲁⲛ ⲡⲉ ⲓⲟⲩⲃⲓⲁ̃ⲛⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲙ̃ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ ⲟⲩⲟϩ","english":"He raised up another judge of the truth, whose name was Ioubianos, a man of the pistos, and","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲁϥⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The verb ⲧⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥ (ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛⲟⲥ) means 'to raise up' or 'to appoint', here indicating the official installation of a judge by a higher authority.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲛⲑⲙⲏⲓ","severity":"info","text":"ⲛⲑⲙⲏⲓ is a compound of ⲛ- (of) and ⲑⲙⲏⲓ (truth), meaning 'of the truth'. The phrase ⲟⲩⲣⲟ ⲛⲑⲙⲏⲓ is rendered 'judge of the truth', a title that may reflect a Christian ideal of justice.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ (pistos) is a Greek loanword meaning 'faithful' or 'believer'. Here it likely designates a member of the Christian faithful, possibly a catechumen or a lay rank.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"ⲓⲟⲩⲃⲓⲁ̃ⲛⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The name Ioubianos (Iovianus) is rare in Coptic hagiography; it may be a variant of Jovian, the Roman emperor (363–364), but here it is used for a judge, not an emperor.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ⲕⲉⲟⲩⲣⲟ","severity":"caution","text":"The Coptic ⲕⲉⲟⲩⲣⲟ is ambiguous: it could be read as ⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲣⲟ 'another judge' or as a single word ⲕⲉⲟⲩⲣⲟ (perhaps a proper name or title). The English draft takes the former reading.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase ⲕⲉⲟⲩⲣⲟ may be two words (ⲕⲉ ⲟⲩⲣⲟ 'another judge') or a single word (possibly a name or title). The reading 'another judge' is adopted.","The clause ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲙ̃ⲡⲓⲥⲧⲟⲥ could mean 'he was a man of the pistos' (i.e., a Christian) or 'he was a man of the faithful' (i.e., a trustworthy man). The context of persecution suggests the former."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":26,"ref":"p26","source":"ⲛ̃ⲉⲩⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲓⲥϫⲉⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲉⲧⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲡⲁⲓⲣⲏϯ ⲁ̃\nϯϩⲓⲣⲏⲛⲏ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ ⲫ︤ϯ︥ ⲫⲱⲣϣ ⲉ̃ⲃⲟⲗ ϧⲉⲛ ⲙⲁⲓ ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ\nⲈⲧⲁⲩϫⲱⲕ ⲉ̃ⲃⲟⲗ ⲛ̃ϫⲉ ⲛⲓⲁⲅⲓⲟⲥ ⲙ̃ⲙⲁⲣⲧⲩⲣⲟⲥ ⲛ̃ⲧⲉ\nⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲁⲕⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ ⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲁⲛⲛⲁ\nⲧⲉϥⲙⲁⲩ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲁⲇⲙⲱⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲅⲟⲥ ⲛ̃ⲥⲟⲩⲕ̅ⲃ̅ ⲙ̃ⲡⲁⲟ̃ⲡⲓ\nⲉⲁⲩϭⲓ ⲙ̃ⲡⲓⲭⲗⲟⲙ ⲛ̃ⲁⲑⲗⲱⲙ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲓⲏ︦ⲥ︦ ⲡⲉⲛϭ︦ⲥ︦ ⲫⲁⲓ\nⲉⲧⲉ- ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲓⲧⲟⲧϥ ⲉ̃ⲣⲉ ⲱⲟⲩ¹","english":"of the pious from his youth, and in this manner the peace of God spread abroad in all places where the holy martyrs of Christ, Jesus Kyriakos the holy bishop, and Anna his mother, and Admon the magician of the twenty-second of Paopi, received the crown of martyrdom in Christ Jesus our Lord, through whom glory","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ⲙⲁⲣⲧⲩⲣⲟⲥ","severity":"info","text":"The Coptic ⲙⲁⲣⲧⲩⲣⲟⲥ, a loan from Greek μάρτυς, here carries the hagiographical sense of 'martyr' rather than the older forensic 'witness'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The date 'twenty-second of Paopi' corresponds to 19 or 20 October in the Julian calendar, a common feast day in Coptic martyrologies.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This final passage shifts from narrative to a doxological conclusion, listing the martyrs and their crown of martyrdom, a typical hagiographic closing formula.","cites":[{"key":"ed:hyvernat-balestri.martyrdom-cyril-of-jerusalem","label":"source edition: Martyrdom Cyril of Jerusalem","url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CopticScriptorium/OCR/main/Hyvernat%20and%20Balesteri%20Martyrdoms%20OCR%20Results/Martyrdom%20Cyril%20of%20Jerusalem/complete.txt"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The inclusion of Anna and Admon alongside Bishop Kyriakos reflects a local cult that combined biblical and legendary figures, common in Coptic hagiography.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Coptic phrase ⲛ̃ⲉⲩⲥⲉⲃⲏⲥ ⲓⲥϫⲉⲛ ⲧⲉϥⲙⲉⲧⲕⲟⲩϫⲓ is fragmentary; the English draft supplies 'of the pious from his youth', but the subject of the clause is unclear.","The final word ⲱⲟⲩ¹ is incomplete; the English draft reads 'glory', likely restoring ⲱⲟⲩ (ⲟⲩⲟⲩ) or a doxological formula."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]}]}