{"slug":"gmmen","id":"georgian:titus:gmmen","title":"Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","author":"Giorg.Mt.","genre":"liturgy","date":"","tradition":"georgian","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:59:33Z","cost_usd":0.003252},"source":{"registry_id":"georgian:titus:gmmen","work_id":"gmmen","edition":"titus","language":"","license":"This text is part of the TITUS edition of George the Athonite, Menaion of September. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 1.2.2025. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder.","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"},"stats":{"passages":6,"english_words":898,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":33,"commentary_kinds":6,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":10,"work_notes":6,"external_links":3,"timeline":5},"summary":{"work":"gmmen","abstract":"The Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version) is a Georgian liturgical book containing hymns, prayers, and readings for September according to the Byzantine rite. Attributed to the monk-translator George the Athonite (1009–1065) of Iviron Monastery on Mount Athos, it was likely completed in the mid-11th century. The text organizes hymn assignments by feast day, including major feasts like the Nativity of the Theotokos (September 8) and local commemorations such as 'holy Varipsava'. It uses Georgian terms like 'galobani' for hymns and numbers them, though some counts and attributions may be corrupt. This Menaion became a standard in the Georgian Orthodox tradition, influencing later manuscripts and printed editions, though the edition lacks a critical apparatus.","historical_context":"The Menaion for September was translated from Greek into Georgian in the mid-11th century at the Iviron Monastery on Mount Athos, a center of Georgian monasticism and translation activity. George the Athonite (1009–1065), a leading figure in the Georgian Orthodox Church, oversaw the translation of numerous liturgical texts to standardize Georgian worship according to the Byzantine rite. The Iviron community, founded by Georgian monks in the late 10th century, maintained close ties with Constantinople and other Orthodox centers. This Menaion reflects the integration of Georgian Christianity into the broader Byzantine liturgical tradition while preserving local elements, such as the commemoration of 'holy Varipsava', which suggests a specific Athonite recension. The text was copied and disseminated across Georgian monasteries, becoming a foundational liturgical book. Its transmission is tied to the manuscript tradition of the Georgian Orthodox Church, though the exact date of the translation is not specified in the source.","significance":"This Menaion is a key witness to the Georgian reception of Byzantine liturgical hymnography and the work of George the Athonite, a pivotal translator who shaped Georgian Orthodox worship. It illustrates how Georgian monks adapted Byzantine liturgical books to their own tradition, incorporating local saints and feasts. The text also provides insight into the transmission of hymnographic attributions and the standardization of liturgical practice in the medieval Georgian Church.","timeline":[{"date":"10th c.","event":"Foundation of Iviron Monastery on Mount Athos by Georgian monks."},{"date":"1009–1065","event":"Life of George the Athonite, translator of liturgical texts."},{"date":"mid-11th c.","event":"Likely translation of the Menaion for September by George the Athonite."},{"date":"11th–18th c.","event":"Manuscript copying and dissemination of the Menaion in Georgian monasteries."},{"date":"19th–20th c.","event":"Printed editions of the Georgian Menaion based on Athonite recensions."}],"relations":[{"work":"Menaion for September (Greek original)","relation":"source text for translation","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Octoechos","relation":"shares hymn titles (heirmoi) like 'Red Sea' and 'Sea of the Unfathomable'","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Typikon of the Great Church","relation":"influences liturgical structure","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Other Georgian Menaia (e.g., for other months)","relation":"part of the same liturgical series","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[{"key":"wikipedia:George the Athonite","label":"George the Athonite","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_the_Hagiorite","reason":"Biographical context for the translator"},{"key":"wikipedia:Iviron monastery","label":"Iviron Monastery","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monastery_of_Iviron","reason":"Place of translation and community"},{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"Edition of the Menaion","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm","reason":"Primary source for the work"}],"cautions":["Attribution to George the Athonite is traditional; some hymns may derive from earlier or later translators.","Exact date of translation is not specified; mid-11th century is inferred from George's activity.","The edition lacks a critical apparatus, limiting textual criticism.","Numbering and attribution of hymns may be corrupt or abbreviated.","Commemoration of 'holy Varipsava' suggests local tradition but is not widely attested."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000478,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:25:12Z"},"checks":{"work":"gmmen","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":6,"translated":6,"commentary_passages":6,"commentary_units":33,"english_words":898,"source_letters":3528,"commentary_kinds":6},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Menaion for September is a liturgical book containing hymns, prayers, and readings for the month of September, following the Byzantine rite.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This version is attributed to George the Athonite (1009–1065), a key translator of liturgical texts from Greek into Georgian at the Iviron Monastery on Mount Athos.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The translation was likely completed in the mid-11th century, during George the Athonite’s tenure at Iviron, but the exact date is not specified in the source.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This Menaion became a standard text in the Georgian Orthodox liturgical tradition, influencing later manuscript copies and printed editions.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The edition does not provide a critical apparatus or variant readings from other Georgian or Greek manuscripts, limiting its use for textual criticism.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"Attribution to George the Athonite is traditional; some hymns may derive from earlier or later translators, but the edition does not discuss this.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: liturgy in Old Georgian; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 6 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: titus — This text is part of the TITUS edition of George the Athonite, Menaion of September. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 1.2.2025. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder."}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":6},"term_index":[],"citations":{"ed:gmmen":{"label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"სეკდენბრისა ზანდუკი, რომელ გალობები სწერია:\n\nა გჳრგჳნი წელიწადისა, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ ა. უგალობდეთ უფალსა, რ̃ნ. იოვანე და ანდრია სხუანი შეზავებულნი, გალობანი ბ გ̃ი. ზღუაჲ მეწამული. -- მასვე დღესა წმიდისა სჳმეონისნი, გალობანი დ გ̃ი. უგალობდეთ უფალსა იოვანე მასვე დღესა მ ქალწულთაჲ, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ დ. ზღუაჲ უვალი. თეოფანე მასვე დღესა ისო ძისანი, გალობანი დ გ̃ი. უგალობდეთ უფალსა, რ̃ნ. იოვანე\n\nბ წმიდისა მამაჲსი, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ ბ. ზღჳსა ღელვათა. სტეფანე მისნივე სხუანი, გალობანი დ გ̃ი. ეტლთა მფლობელი. თეოფანე მასვე დღესა იოვანე მმარხველი, გალობანი დ გ̃ი. გალობაჲ შევწ(იროთ). --\n\nგ წმიდისა ანთიმოსისი, გალობანი დ გ̃ი. უგალობდეთ უ̃ა. იოვანე მასვე დღესა თეოკტისტესი, გალობანი დ გ̃ი. განუკუჱთელი განკუეთა. თეოფანე\n\nდ წმიდისა ბაბილაჲსი, გალობანი ბ გ̃ი. უკულეველად ზღ̃ჲ. იოვანე მასვე დღესა მოსე წინაჲსწარმეტყუელისაჲ, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ დ. ზღჳსა მის მეწამულისა. იოვანე მისნივე მოსესნი სხუანი, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ დ. ზღჳსა მის მეწამულ. კლიმი წმიდისა ზაქარია, იოვანეს გალობანი დ გ̃ი. ქუეყანასა მწყურ. თეოფანე მასვე დღესა წმიდისა აჰრონისი, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ დ. ზღჳსა მის მეწ(ამულისა). --","english":"September Menaion, in which the hymns are written:\n\nA The beginning of the year, hymns 21. Let us sing to the Lord, tone 1. John and Andrew, others mixed, hymns 2. The Red Sea. — On the same day of Saint Symeon, hymns 4. Let us sing to the Lord, John. On the same day of the Martyrs, hymns 21. The Sea of the Unfathomable. Theophanes. On the same day of Jesus the Son, hymns 4. Let us sing to the Lord, tone 1. John.\n\nB Of the Holy Father, hymns 21. Of the Sea of the Waves. Stephen, others of the same, hymns 4. The Charioteer. Theophanes. On the same day of John the Faster, hymns 4. Let us sing, \"Let us entreat.\" —\n\nC Of Saint Anthimus, hymns 4. Let us sing to the Lord, tone 1. John. On the same day of Theoctistus, hymns 4. The Uncut Cut. Theophanes.\n\nD Of Saint Babylas, hymns 2. The Sea Unceasingly. John. On the same day of Moses the Prophet, hymns 21. Of the Sea of His Red. John. Others of the same Moses, hymns 21. Of the Sea of His Red. Clement. Of Saint Zacharias, hymns of John 4. The Earth Thirsty. Theophanes. On the same day of Saint Aaron, hymns 21. Of the Sea of His Red. —","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage is a calendar-like list of hymn assignments for September, organized under headings A–D, each corresponding to a day or feast.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ზანდუკი","severity":"info","text":"The Georgian term 'ზანდუკი' (zanduki) is a loan from Greek 'σύντομον' or 'σύντομος', meaning a synopsis or abbreviated menaion.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The 'Red Sea' and 'Sea of the Unfathomable' are hymn titles (heirmoi) from the Octoechos, referencing biblical and theological themes.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This menaion is attributed to George the Athonite (11th century), a key translator of liturgical texts into Georgian at the Iviron Monastery on Mount Athos.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The numbering of hymns (e.g., '21' or '4') and the assignment of hymnographers (John, Theophanes, etc.) may be corrupt or abbreviated; the exact count and attribution are uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Georgian text uses abbreviations (e.g., 'ჴ̃ჲ' for 21, 'გ̃ი' for 3) that are not fully resolved; the exact number of hymns per entry is ambiguous.","The phrase 'ზღჳსა ღელვათა' (Of the Sea of the Waves) may be a hymn title or a rubric; its precise liturgical function is unclear."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"ვ მიქაელ მთავარანგელოზისაჲ, გალობანი დ გ̃ი. ი̃ჱლი მონაქმნული. იოსებ მასვე დღესა ევდუქსისი, გალობანი დ გ̃ი. ქუეყანასა მწყურნებსა. თეოფანე\n\nზ წმიდისა ღმრთისმშობელისაჲ, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ გ. უფალსა, რ̃ნ იჴსნა გერმანოს პირველ. მასვე დღესა სოზონისი, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ დ. ზღჳსა მის მეწამული. თეოფანე\n\nჱ შობაჲ წმიდისა ღმრთისმშობელისაჲ, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ ბ. უგალობდეთ უფალსა, რ̃ნ. იოვანე მასვე დღესა სხუანი, გალობანი დ გ̃ი. ქუეყანასა მწურნებს. კოზმან ღმრთისმშობელისავე შობისანი სხუანი, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ დ. დაანთქენ ვნებანი. გიორგი მისვე დღესასწაულისაჲ, გალობანი დ გ̃ი. ეტლთა მფლობელი. ანდრია\n\nთ წმიდათა იოვაკიმ და ანნაჲსნი, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ ბ. ღელვათა დაანთქა. თეოფანე მასვე დღესა წმიდისა სევერიანესი, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ ბ. ღელვათა დაანთქ. იოსებ\n\nი წმიდისა ვარიფსავაჲსი, გალობანი დ გ̃ი ქუეყანასა მწყურნებსა იოსებ მასვე დღესა წმიდათა სამთა გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ დ. ზღუაჲ უვალი, რ̃ი. იოსებ","english":"Of Michael the Archangel, hymns 4. The Ieli composed. Joseph. On the same day of Eudoxius, hymns 4. To the earth that longs for dew. Theophanes.\n\nOf the holy Theotokos, hymns 3. To the Lord, who saved, Germanos the first. On the same day of Sozon, hymns 4. Of the sea, the purple one. Theophanes.\n\nNativity of the holy Theotokos, hymns 2. Let us sing to the Lord. John. On the same day others, hymns 4. To the earth that longs for dew. Kosmas. Others of the Nativity of the Theotokos, hymns 4. They quenched the passions. George. Of the same feast, hymns 4. Chariot-ruler. Andrew.\n\nOf the holy Joachim and Anna, hymns 2. He quenched the waves. Theophanes. On the same day of holy Severian, hymns 2. He quenched the waves. Joseph.\n\nOf holy Varipsava, hymns 4. To the earth that longs for dew. Joseph. On the same day of the holy three, hymns 4. The sea, the shoreless. Joseph.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"galobani","severity":"info","text":"The Georgian term 'galobani' (hymns) is used throughout to introduce hymnographic units, each followed by a number (e.g., 'd g̃i' = 4, 'h̃y g' = 3). This structure is typical of the Menaion, organizing hymns by feast and author.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ieli","severity":"info","text":"'Ieli' is a Georgian term for a specific hymnographic genre, likely a troparion or sticheron. Here it is noted as 'composed' (monakmnuli), indicating a unique composition by Joseph.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"Theotokos","severity":"info","text":"The Nativity of the Theotokos (September 8) is a major feast in the Georgian liturgical calendar. The passage lists multiple sets of hymns for this feast, attributed to John, Kosmas, George, and Andrew, reflecting the rich hymnographic tradition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"Varipsava","severity":"info","text":"The commemoration of 'holy Varipsava' (likely a martyr or saint) is less common in standard Menaia. This suggests a local or specific Georgian liturgical tradition, possibly from the Athonite recension.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"h̃y g","severity":"caution","text":"The numeral 'h̃y g' (3) for the Theotokos hymns is ambiguous; the Georgian text uses a mix of alphabetic numerals (e.g., 'd g̃i' = 4) and may contain scribal errors. The English draft renders it as '3', but the Coptic cues suggest consistency is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Eudoxius' and 'Sozon' is unclear; they may be saints with variant names or local commemorations. The reading assumes they are standard figures in the Georgian Menaion.","The phrase 'the sea, the purple one' (zghwisa mis mec̕amuli) is obscure; it may refer to a hymn incipit or a metaphorical title."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":3,"ref":"p3","source":"ია წმიდისა დედისა თეოდორაჲსი, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ დ. გიგალობთ შენ, უფალო. ეგნატი\n\nიბ წმიდისა ავტონომოჲსი, გალობანი დ გ̃ი. ქუეყანასა მწყურნებსა გიორგი მასვე დღესა კურნილიესი, გალობანი ა გ̃ი. ეტლთა სიმრავლე. იოსებ\n\nიგ ი̃ჱლიმისა სატფურებისაჲ, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ ა. მარჯუენაჲ, იოვანე მასვე დღესა სხუანი, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ დ. ზღჳსა მის მეწამულისაჲ. იოვანე\n\nიდ წმიდისა ღმრთისმშობელისაჲ გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ დ. დაანთქენ ვნებანი. იოვანე ჯუართა აპყრობისაჲ, გალობანი დ გ̃ი. ჯუარი ქადაგა. კოზმან მასვე დღესა სხუანი ჯუარისანი, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ დ. გიგალობთ შენ. იოვანე ამასვე დღესა სხუანი, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ დ. ფარაოჲს ეტლები. იოვანე მასვე დღესა სხუანი, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ დ. ზღჳსა მის მეწამულისა. იოვანე მასვე დღესა წმიდისა იოვანე გალობანი დ გ̃ი. სიღრმე მეწამულისაჲ. კოზმან","english":"Of the holy mother Theodora, hymns 4. We hymn you, O Lord. Ignatius.\n\nOf the holy Autonomus, hymns 4. To the earth that longs for dew. George. On the same day of Cyrillus, hymns 1. The multitude of chariots. Joseph.\n\nOf the Ielimi of the passions, hymns 4. The right hand. John. On the same day others, hymns 4. Of that purple sea. John.\n\nOf the holy Theotokos, hymns 4. Let the passions be extinguished. John. Of the Exaltation of the Cross, hymns 4. The Cross preached. Cosmas. On the same day others of the Cross, hymns 4. We hymn you. John. On this same day others, hymns 4. The chariots of Pharaoh. John. On the same day others, hymns 4. Of that purple sea. John. On the same day of the holy John, hymns 4. The depth of the purple. Cosmas.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ია","severity":"info","text":"The Georgian entry for September 11 (ია) begins a new day in the menaion, listing hymns for Theodora and Autonomus.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"გალობანი","severity":"info","text":"The term 'galobani' (გალობანი) is the Georgian word for 'hymns', corresponding to the Greek 'kanones' in liturgical context.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ი̃ჱლიმისა სატფურებისაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Ielimi of the passions' (ი̃ჱლიმისა სატფურებისაჲ) likely refers to a hymn on the Passion of Christ, possibly associated with a specific liturgical composition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ზღჳსა მის მეწამულისაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The repeated phrase 'Of that purple sea' (ზღჳსა მის მეწამულისაჲ) appears multiple times, suggesting a common hymn or troparion used for different commemorations.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ჯუართა აპყრობისაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The entry for the Exaltation of the Cross (ჯუართა აპყრობისაჲ) on September 14 reflects the major feast in the Georgian liturgical tradition, with hymns by Cosmas and John.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ი̃ჱლიმისა","severity":"caution","text":"The term 'Ielimi' (ი̃ჱლიმისა) is obscure; it may be a proper name or a corruption. The English draft treats it as a name, but its exact referent is uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Ielimi' is unclear; it may be a personal name or a misreading. The repeated 'Of that purple sea' could refer to the same hymn or different compositions. The exact structure of the menaion entries for multiple commemorations on the same day is ambiguous."],"confidence":"medium","notes":[]},{"i":4,"ref":"p4","source":"იე პავლეს თუალთა ახილვაჲ, გალობანი დ გ̃ი. ქუეყანასა მწყურნებსა. -- მასვე დღესა წმიდისა ნიკიტაჲსი, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ დ. ზღჳსა მის მეწამულისაჲ. თეოფანე\n\nივ წმიდისა ევფიმიაჲსი, გალობანი დ გ̃ი. უგალობდეთ უფალსა, რ̃ნ. იოვანე სხუანი ამისვე წმიდისანი, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ ბ. ღელვათა დაანთქ. გიორგი\n\nიზ წმიდისა სოფიაჲსი, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ ა. მარჯუენაჲ შენი. თეოფანე\n\nიჱ წმიდისა სჳმეონ მოციქულისაჲ, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ დ. გიგალობთ შენ. თეოფანე მასვე დღესა წმიდისა ევმენისი, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ დ. გალობაჲ შევწიროთ. იოვანე\n\nით წმიდათა ტროფიმეთი, გალობანი დ გ̃ი. ეტლთა მფლობელი. იოსებ\n\nკ წმიდისა მოწამისა ევსტთისი, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ დ. გიგალობთ შენ უფალო. --\n\nკა წმიდათა ორთა იოანეთაჲ, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ ბ. ღელვათა დაანთქ. თეოფანე მასვე დღესა წმიდისა კოდრატესი, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ ბ. მოვედით, ერნო. იოსებ","english":"Of Paul, the vision of the eyes, hymns 4. To the earth that longs for dew. — On the same day of the holy Niketas, hymns 4. Of the sea that is purple. Theophanes\n\n14 Of the holy Euphemia, hymns 4. We hymn you, O Lord, tone 8. John. Others of the same holy one, hymns 2. By waves and flames. George\n\n15 Of the holy Sophia, hymns 1. Your right hand. Theophanes\n\n16 Of the holy Symeon the Apostle, hymns 4. We hymn you. Theophanes. On the same day of the holy Eumenes, hymns 4. Let us offer a hymn. John\n\n17 Of the holy Trophimus, hymns 4. The multitude of chariots. Joseph\n\n20 Of the holy martyr Eustathius, hymns 4. We hymn you, O Lord. —\n\n21 Of the holy two Johns, hymns 2. By waves and flames. Theophanes. On the same day of the holy Codratus, hymns 2. Come, O peoples. Joseph","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage lists hymn assignments for September 13–21, following the pattern of the Menaion: date, saint, hymn count, incipit, and composer.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"გალობანი","severity":"info","text":"Georgian 'galobani' corresponds to Greek 'kathismata' or 'troparia' in hymnography; here it is translated as 'hymns'.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The composers Theophanes, John, George, and Joseph are known hymnographers; their names appear as attributions in the Menaion tradition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The English draft omits the Georgian date numbers (14–21) for some entries, and the hymn counts differ slightly (e.g., 'hymns 1' vs. 'hymns 4' for Sophia).","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The incipits (e.g., 'To the earth that longs for dew') are standard opening lines of hymnographic models, reused across multiple feasts.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Georgian text for September 13 (Paul) lacks a clear date numeral; the English draft supplies '13' from context. The hymn count for Sophia is given as 'hymns 1' in English but 'hymns 4' in Georgian, possibly a scribal or editorial discrepancy."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":5,"ref":"p5","source":"კბ წმიდისა მოწამისა ფოკაჲსი, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ დ. ზღჳსა მის მეწამულისაჲ. იოვანე\n\nკგ ზაქარიას დადუმებაჲ, გალობანი ბ გ̃ი. უკულეველად. თეოფანე სხუანი ამისვე წმიდისანი, გალობანი დ გ̃ი. უგალობდეთ უფალსა, რ̃ნ. იოვანე\n\nკდ წმიდისა პირველმოწამისა თეკლაჲსი, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ დ. ზღუაჲ უვალი. ანდრია სხუანი ამისვე წმიდისა, გალობანი დ გ̃ი. უგალობდეთ უფალსა, რ̃ნ. იოვანე წმიდათა საბინიანეთი, გალობანი დ გ̃ი. ეტლთა მფლობელი. სტეფანე მასვე დღესა წმიდისა ევფროსინესი, გალობანი ა გ̃ი. ეტლთა სიმრავლე. იოსებ\n\nკვ მიცვალებაჲ წმიდისა იოვანე ღმრთისმეტყუელისაჲ, გალბანი ჴ̃ჲ ა. მხილველი. იოვანე მისნივე სხუანი, გალობანი დ გ̃ი. სიღრმე მეწამული. თეოფანე\n\nკზ წმიდისა კალისტრატესი, გალობანი დ გ̃ი. ი̃ჱლი მონაქმნული. იოსებ\n\nკჱ წმიდისა მამისა ხარიტონისი, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ დ. ზღჳსა მის მეწამულისაჲ იოვანე","english":"24. Of the holy martyr Phocas, hymns 4. Of the sea that is purple. John\n\n23. The silence of Zacharias, hymns 2. Unceasingly. Theophanes, other hymns of the same holy one, hymns 4. Let us hymn the Lord, tone 8. John\n\n24. Of the holy protomartyr Thecla, hymns 4. The sea without shore. Andrew, other hymns of the same holy one, hymns 4. Let us hymn the Lord, tone 8. John, of the holy Sabinians, hymns 4. The ruler of the chariots. Stephen, on the same day of the holy Euphrosyne, hymns 1. The multitude of chariots. Joseph\n\n25. The passing of the holy John the Theologian, hymns 4. The seer. John, other hymns of the same, hymns 4. The purple depth. Theophanes\n\n27. Of the holy Callistratus, hymns 4. The new Elijah. Joseph\n\n28. Of the holy father Chariton, hymns 4. Of the sea that is purple. John","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"კბ, კგ, კდ, კვ, კზ, კჱ","severity":"info","text":"The Georgian numbers correspond to days of September: 22 (kb), 23 (kg), 24 (kd), 25 (kẹ), 27 (kz), 28 (kẹy). The sequence skips day 26, which is not unusual in menaia.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ჴ̃ჲ","severity":"info","text":"The abbreviation ჴ̃ჲ stands for 'hymns' (galobani), a standard term in Georgian liturgical rubrics. The following numeral indicates the number of hymns.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ზაქარიას დადუმებაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'silence of Zacharias' refers to the father of John the Baptist, whose muteness is a narrative detail from Luke 1. This entry is a rare liturgical commemoration.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"თეოფანე","severity":"info","text":"Theophanes (Theophanes the Hymnographer, d. 845) is named as the author of several hymn sets. His works were widely transmitted in Byzantine and Georgian menaia.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"საბინიანეთი","severity":"caution","text":"The form 'Sabinians' is uncertain; it may refer to a group of martyrs or a place name. The Georgian text does not clarify the identity, and the English draft follows the same ambiguity.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ზღჳსა მის მეწამულისაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The incipit 'Of the sea that is purple' appears for both Phocas (day 22) and Chariton (day 28), suggesting a reused hymn model or common melodic pattern.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of the 'Sabinians' is unclear; possibly a group of martyrs or a toponym.","The phrase 'silence of Zacharias' may refer to a specific hymn or a narrative commemoration; the exact liturgical usage is not specified."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]},{"i":6,"ref":"p6","source":"კთ წმიდისა კჳრიაკოსისი, გალობანი დ გ̃ი. გალობაჲ შევწიროთ. სტეფანე\n\nლ წმიდისა გრიგოლი სომხითისაჲ, გალობანი ჴ̃ჲ დ. დაანთქენ ვნებანი. იოსებ სხუანი წმიდისა გრიგოლისნივე, გალობანი დ გ̃ი. უგალობდეთ უფალსა. ნიკოლა პატრიაქისა თქუმულნი ამასვე დღესა წმიდისა რიფსიმესი, გალობანი დ გ̃ი. ქუეყანასა მწყურნებსა. იოსებ გალობები რიცხჳთ დ , ხოლო სხუაჲ ყოველი დასდებელი ქ. და ჴ.","english":"Of the holy Kyriakos, hymns 4. Hymn: Let us offer. Stephen\n\nOf the holy Grigol of Armenia, hymns 8. They extinguish the passions. Joseph, other hymns of the same holy Grigol, hymns 4. Let us hymn the Lord. Nicholas, patriarch's compositions for this same day of the holy Hripsime, hymns 4. To the earth that thirsts. Joseph, hymns in number 4, and the rest of the entire supplement 20 and 8.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"კჳრიაკოს","severity":"info","text":"Kyriakos is a common saint's name in the Georgian tradition; here likely referring to the anchorite Kyriakos of Palestine (5th c.), commemorated on September 29.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"გრიგოლი სომხითისაჲ","severity":"info","text":"Grigol of Armenia is Gregory the Illuminator, the apostle of Armenia; his feast appears in the Georgian Menaion on September 30.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"რიფსიმე","severity":"info","text":"Hripsime is one of the virgin martyrs of Armenia, commemorated together with Gregory the Illuminator in the Georgian tradition on September 30.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"დასდებელი","severity":"info","text":"The term 'dasdebeli' (supplement) refers to additional hymnographic material appended to the main cycle; here the total number of hymns is given as 20 and 8 (i.e., 28).","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ჴ̃ჲ","severity":"caution","text":"The numeral 'ჴ̃ჲ' (8) for the hymns of Grigol is clear, but the preceding 'დ' (4) for Kyriakos may be a scribal error or a different counting system; the English draft reads 'hymns 4' for Kyriakos, consistent with the Georgian.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"ნიკოლა პატრიაქისა","severity":"info","text":"Nicholas the patriarch likely refers to Nicholas I Mystikos (patriarch of Constantinople, 901–907, 912–925), whose hymnographic compositions were included in the Georgian Menaion.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gmmen","label":"source edition: Menaion for September (George the Athonite's version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/liturg/gmmensep/gmmen.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'Stephen' after the first line is unclear; it may be a hymnographer or a rubric heading, but no further context is given.","The numeral 'ჴ̃ჲ' for Grigol's hymns is unambiguous, but the total '20 and 8' for the supplement could be interpreted as 28 hymns or as two separate numbers (20 and 8) for different sections."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}