{"slug":"ghsyn","id":"georgian:titus:ghsyn","title":"Hagiographical texts from Synaxaria, edited by K. Kekelidze","author":"Anonymous","genre":"hagiography","date":"","tradition":"georgian","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:59:32Z","cost_usd":0.000957},"source":{"registry_id":"georgian:titus:ghsyn","work_id":"ghsyn","edition":"titus","language":"","license":"This text is part of the TITUS edition of Hagiographical Texts from Synaxaria, ed. by K. Kekelidze. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 21.8.2015. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder.","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/ghsynkek/ghsyn.htm"},"stats":{"passages":1,"english_words":163,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":6,"commentary_kinds":6,"derived_notes":0,"ambiguities":1,"work_notes":4,"external_links":0,"timeline":3},"summary":{"work":"ghsyn","abstract":"This dossier concerns anonymous hagiographical texts from Georgian synaxaria, as edited by K. Kekelidze. Synaxaria are liturgical collections of saints' lives arranged by calendar date, used in Georgian churches for devotional reading on feast days. The individual hagiographies may originate earlier than the manuscripts, which date between the 10th and 18th centuries. Kekelidze's edition lacks critical apparatus, making it difficult to assess textual variation. The texts follow standard hagiographic patterns, such as martyrdom accounts set during the Diocletianic persecutions. They reflect the liturgical and communal life of the Georgian Orthodox tradition, preserving local and universal saints' cults.","historical_context":"The texts are preserved in Georgian synaxaria, compiled between the 10th and 18th centuries, though the individual hagiographies may be older. The Georgian Church, part of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, developed its own liturgical and literary traditions, often translating and adapting Greek and Syriac sources. Synaxaria were used for public reading during services, reinforcing communal identity and piety. The manuscripts (e.g., A-193 and A-626) indicate a complex transmission with multiple recensions. Kekelidze's edition does not provide precise dating for each entry, so the original composition dates remain uncertain. The hagiographies often follow standard patterns, such as martyrdom under Roman emperors like Diocletian and Maximian, reflecting the influence of earlier Byzantine hagiography. The Georgian context shows a vibrant Christian culture that integrated local saints with broader Orthodox traditions.","significance":"These texts are important for understanding the liturgical and devotional life of the medieval Georgian Church. They illustrate how hagiography was adapted for local use, preserving both universal and regional saints. The edition by Kekelidze, though lacking critical apparatus, provides access to a rich manuscript tradition. The texts relate to broader Byzantine and Eastern Christian hagiographic corpora, showing the spread and adaptation of saint cults across linguistic and cultural boundaries.","timeline":[{"date":"4th c.","event":"Diocletianic persecutions, setting for many martyrdom accounts in the synaxaria."},{"date":"10th–18th c.","event":"Compilation of Georgian synaxaria manuscripts containing these hagiographies."},{"date":"20th c.","event":"K. Kekelidze edits and publishes the hagiographical texts from Georgian synaxaria."}],"relations":[{"work":"Martyrdom of the Virgin Euphrasia","relation":"Sample text from the same synaxarial tradition, showing typical hagiographic patterns.","key":"ed:ghsyn","label":"source edition: Hagiographical texts from Synaxaria, edited by K. Kekelidze","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/ghsynkek/ghsyn.htm"},{"work":"Synaxarion of Constantinople","relation":"Byzantine synaxarial tradition that influenced Georgian liturgical collections.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Georgian Hagiography","relation":"Broader genre; these texts are part of the Georgian hagiographic corpus.","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[],"cautions":["The individual hagiographies cannot be precisely dated; they may originate earlier than the manuscripts.","Kekelidze's edition lacks critical apparatus, so textual fluidity and scribal interventions are not assessable.","The manuscript tradition is complex with multiple recensions; the edition does not provide variant readings."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000399,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:19:11Z"},"checks":{"work":"ghsyn","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":1,"translated":1,"commentary_passages":1,"commentary_units":6,"english_words":163,"source_letters":562,"commentary_kinds":6},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The text is preserved in Georgian synaxaria, which are liturgical collections of saints' lives arranged by calendar date. The manuscript tradition is complex, with multiple recensions.","cites":[{"key":"ed:ghsyn","label":"source edition: Hagiographical texts from Synaxaria, edited by K. Kekelidze","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/ghsynkek/ghsyn.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The synaxaria from which these texts derive were compiled between the 10th and 18th centuries, but the individual hagiographies may originate earlier. Kekelidze's edition does not provide precise dating for each entry.","cites":[{"key":"ed:ghsyn","label":"source edition: Hagiographical texts from Synaxaria, edited by K. Kekelidze","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/ghsynkek/ghsyn.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"This edition does not include critical apparatus or variant readings from different manuscripts. The reader cannot assess textual fluidity or scribal interventions without consulting the original codices.","cites":[{"key":"ed:ghsyn","label":"source edition: Hagiographical texts from Synaxaria, edited by K. Kekelidze","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/ghsynkek/ghsyn.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"These hagiographies were read liturgically in Georgian churches, often on the saint's feast day. Their inclusion in synaxaria ensured wide circulation and ongoing devotional use.","cites":[{"key":"ed:ghsyn","label":"source edition: Hagiographical texts from Synaxaria, edited by K. Kekelidze","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/ghsynkek/ghsyn.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: hagiography in Old Georgian; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 1 narrative."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: titus — This text is part of the TITUS edition of Hagiographical Texts from Synaxaria, ed. by K. Kekelidze. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 21.8.2015. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder."}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":1},"term_index":[],"citations":{"ed:ghsyn":{"label":"source edition: Hagiographical texts from Synaxaria, edited by K. Kekelidze","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/ghsynkek/ghsyn.htm"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"მარტვილობა ევფრასია ქალწულისა Manuscripts: Ms. A-193, 140; Ms. A-626, 256-257 წმიდა მოწამე ევფრასიაჲ იყო ქალაქით ნიკომიდიაჲთ მაქსიმიანესზე მეფისა ნათესავთა წარჩინებულთაჲ, სახითა პატიოსანი და წმიდაჲ. ხოლო რამეთუ არა თავს იდვა გებაჲ კერპთაჲ, იგუემა ფრიად და, ვითარ თჳსსავე სიმტკიცესა ზედა ეგო, მიეცა იგი გინებად კაცსა ბარბაროზსა, რომლისა მიერცა წარეკუეთა თავი ღონითა ესევითარითა: რამეთუ ჰრქუა მას ვითარმედ უკუეთუ განეყენოს მისგან, მისცეს მას წამალი, რომელი იცხოს და მახჳლისაგან და ლახურისა ბრძოლთაჲსა მოუწყვლელად ეგოს, და უკუეთუ გამოცადოს საქმით, ცნას ჭეშმარიტებაჲ მისი. ესე ჰრქუა და ქედი თჳსი წარუპყრა მახჳლსა.ხოლო მას ეგონა, ვითარმედ ჭეშმარიტსა იტყჳს, და ძლიერად უხეთქნა მახჳლითა, და ესრეთ წარეკუეთა თავი მისი უბიწოჲ.\"","english":"The Martyrdom of the Virgin Euphrasia\n\nManuscripts: Ms. A-193, 140; Ms. A-626, 256-257\n\nThe holy martyr Euphrasia was from the city of Nicomedia, of the noble kin of the emperor Maximian, honorable and holy in form. But because she did not accept the worship of idols, she was greatly persecuted, and, as she persisted in her own steadfastness, she was given over for defilement to a barbarian man, by whose hand her head was cut off in the following manner: For he said to her that if she would yield to him, he would give her a salve which, when applied, would render her invulnerable to the sword and to the wounds of battle, and if she would test it by deed, she would know its truth. He said this and presented his own neck to the sword. But she thought that he spoke the truth, and she struck him mightily with the sword, and thus her own innocent head was cut off.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"მარტვილობა ევფრასია ქალწულისა","severity":"info","text":"The title 'Martyrdom of the Virgin Euphrasia' identifies the genre as a martyrdom account, typical of synaxarial hagiography.","cites":[{"key":"ed:ghsyn","label":"source edition: Hagiographical texts from Synaxaria, edited by K. Kekelidze","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/ghsynkek/ghsyn.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"ნიკომიდიაჲ","severity":"info","text":"Nicomedia was an important city in Bithynia and a frequent setting for Diocletianic persecutions; Maximian (here 'Maximianes') was co-emperor with Diocletian.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"ქალწულისა","severity":"info","text":"The Georgian term 'ქალწულისა' (virgin) underscores Euphrasia's chastity, a key virtue in hagiography, and her refusal of defilement.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The narrative follows a standard pattern: introduction of the saint, persecution for refusing idolatry, a trick by the persecutor, and a paradoxical martyrdom.","cites":[{"key":"ed:ghsyn","label":"source edition: Hagiographical texts from Synaxaria, edited by K. Kekelidze","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/ghsynkek/ghsyn.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"წარეკუეთა თავი","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'her head was cut off' is ambiguous: it could mean Euphrasia's head was cut off by the barbarian's sword, or that she inadvertently beheaded herself while striking him. The English draft opts for the latter, but the Georgian allows both readings.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This text is preserved in two Georgian manuscripts (A-193 and A-626) from the synaxarial tradition, indicating its liturgical use in commemorating martyrs.","cites":[{"key":"ed:ghsyn","label":"source edition: Hagiographical texts from Synaxaria, edited by K. Kekelidze","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gh/ghsynkek/ghsyn.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Georgian does not explicitly state whether Euphrasia's head was cut off by the barbarian's sword or by her own action in striking him; the English draft interprets it as self-inflicted."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}