{"slug":"gh1","id":"georgian:titus:gh1","title":"Collectio textuum hagiographicorum, Vol. I","author":"Anonymous","genre":"hagiography","date":"","tradition":"georgian","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:59:32Z","cost_usd":0.001411},"source":{"registry_id":"georgian:titus:gh1","work_id":"gh1","edition":"titus","language":"","license":"This text is part of the TITUS edition of Old Georgian Hagiographical Texts, vol. I. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 12.12.2008. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder.","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/gh/gh1/gh1.htm"},"stats":{"passages":2,"english_words":321,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":12,"commentary_kinds":7,"derived_notes":1,"ambiguities":4,"work_notes":5,"external_links":1,"timeline":3},"summary":{"work":"gh1","abstract":"This volume collects anonymous Old Georgian hagiographic texts, likely compiled for monastic or liturgical reading. The edition is based on the titus corpus, which digitizes manuscripts from various Georgian repositories; stemmatic relations among witnesses are not given. Individual texts may date from the 9th–11th centuries, but the collection as a whole lacks explicit colophons or external dating evidence. Several of these lives were later incorporated into Georgian synaxaria and menologia, indicating liturgical use beyond the original compilation. The edition provides no translation, commentary, or critical apparatus; variant readings and lacunae are not marked.","historical_context":"The collection assembles anonymous hagiographic texts in Old Georgian, likely compiled for monastic or liturgical reading. The edition is based on the titus corpus, which digitizes manuscripts from various Georgian repositories; stemmatic relations among witnesses are not given. Individual texts may date from the 9th–11th centuries, but the collection as a whole lacks explicit colophons or external dating evidence. Several of these lives were later incorporated into Georgian synaxaria and menologia, indicating liturgical use beyond the original compilation. The edition provides no translation, commentary, or critical apparatus; variant readings and lacunae are not marked.","significance":"This collection preserves anonymous hagiographic works that reflect the development of Georgian Christian literature and monastic piety. Its texts, later absorbed into synaxaria, show the liturgical integration of local saints. The lack of critical apparatus highlights the need for further textual and historical study.","timeline":[{"date":"9th–11th c.","event":"Probable dates of individual hagiographic texts in the collection"},{"date":"Undated","event":"Compilation of the collection as a whole"},{"date":"Modern","event":"Digitization by the titus corpus"}],"relations":[{"work":"Georgian synaxaria and menologia","relation":"Later incorporated several lives from this collection","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[{"key":"ed:gh1","label":"TITUS edition of Old Georgian hagiography","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/gh/gh1/gh1.htm","reason":"Primary source for the collection"}],"cautions":["The collection as a whole lacks explicit colophons or external dating evidence.","Individual texts may date from the 9th–11th centuries, but this is uncertain.","The edition provides no translation, commentary, or critical apparatus; variant readings and lacunae are not marked.","Stemmatic relations among witnesses are not given."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000263,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:22:45Z"},"checks":{"work":"gh1","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":2,"translated":2,"commentary_passages":2,"commentary_units":12,"english_words":321,"source_letters":1273,"commentary_kinds":7},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The collection assembles anonymous hagiographic texts in Old Georgian, likely compiled for monastic or liturgical reading.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gh1","label":"source edition: Collectio textuum hagiographicorum, Vol. I","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/gh/gh1/gh1.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The edition is based on the titus corpus, which digitizes manuscripts from various Georgian repositories; stemmatic relations among witnesses are not given.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gh1","label":"source edition: Collectio textuum hagiographicorum, Vol. I","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/gh/gh1/gh1.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"Individual texts may date from the 9th–11th centuries, but the collection as a whole lacks explicit colophons or external dating evidence.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gh1","label":"source edition: Collectio textuum hagiographicorum, Vol. I","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/gh/gh1/gh1.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"Several of these lives were later incorporated into Georgian synaxaria and menologia, indicating liturgical use beyond the original compilation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gh1","label":"source edition: Collectio textuum hagiographicorum, Vol. I","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/gh/gh1/gh1.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The edition provides no translation, commentary, or critical apparatus; variant readings and lacunae are not marked.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gh1","label":"source edition: Collectio textuum hagiographicorum, Vol. I","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/gh/gh1/gh1.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: hagiography in Old Georgian; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 2 narrative."},{"kind":"caution","severity":"caution","text":"1 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: titus — This text is part of the TITUS edition of Old Georgian Hagiographical Texts, vol. I. Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 12.12.2008. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder."}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":2},"term_index":[],"citations":{"ed:gh1":{"label":"source edition: Collectio textuum hagiographicorum, Vol. I","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/gh/gh1/gh1.htm"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"თთუესა ოკდონბერსა: ი^ზ : წამებაჲ წმიდისა შუშანიკისი დედოფლისაჲ* და აწ დამტკიცებულად გითხრა თქუენ აღსასრული წმიდისა და სანატრელისა შუშანიკისი.\n\n1. იყო მერვესა წელსა [მრ...] სპარსთა მეფისასა კარად სამეფოდ წარემართა ვარსქენ პიტიახში, ძჱ არშუშაჲსი, რამეთუ პირველ იგი-ცა იყო ქრისტიანე, ნაშობი მამისა და დედისა ქრისტიანეთაჲ. და ცოლად მისა იყო ასული ვარდანისი, სომეხთა სპაჲპეტისაჲ, რომლისათჳს ესე მივწერე თქუენდა, მამისაგან სახელით ვარდან, და სიყუარულით სახელი მისი შუშანიკ, მოშიში ღმრთისაჲ, ვითარცა-იგი ვთქუთ, სიყრმითგან თჳსით. და უკეთურებისა მის სახისა ქმრისა მისისაჲსა მარადის გულს ეტყჳნ და ევედრებინ ყოველთა-ვე ლოცვის-ყოფად მისთჳს, რაჲთა-მცა ცვალა იგი ღმერთმან სახისა მისგან უგუნურებისა და იქმნა-მცა გონიერებასა ქრისტჱსსა. ხოლო ამის უბადრუკისა და სამ გზის საწყალობელისა ვარსქენისი ვითარ-მე ვინ თქუას ყოვლად განწირულისაჲ, ვითარ-იგი განაგდო სანატრელი სასოებაჲ ქრისტჱსი?! ანუ ვინ არა სტიროდის მას, რომელსა არცა ჭირი ეხილვა, არცა შიში, არცა მახჳლი, არცა პყრობილებაჲ ქრისტჱსთჳს?! რამეთუ რაჟამს წარდგა იგი წინაშე სპარსთა მეფისა, არა თუ პატივისა მოღებისათჳს, არამედ ძღუნად თავსა თჳსსა შესწირვიდა მეფისა მის მიმართ უვარის-ყოფითა ჭეშმარიტისა ღმრთისაჲთა და თაყუანის-სცემდა ცეცხლსა","english":"In the month of October, on the 17th day: the martyrdom of the holy Queen Shushanik. And now I shall tell you definitively the end of the holy and blessed Shushanik.\n\n1. It was in the eighth year of the reign of the king of the Persians that Varsken Pitiaxshi, son of Arshusha, set out for the royal court. For he had formerly been a Christian, born of a Christian father and mother. And his wife was the daughter of Vardan, the sparapet of the Armenians, concerning whom I write to you. Her father's name was Vardan, and her name of endearment was Shushanik, a God-fearing woman, as we might say, from her very childhood. And because of the evil of her husband's disposition, she constantly grieved in her heart and besought everyone to pray for him, that God might change him from his foolish nature and that he might be brought to the reason of Christ. But as for this wretched and thrice-pitiable Varsken, how shall I tell of his utter ruin, how he cast away the blessed hope of Christ? Or who would not weep for him, who saw neither affliction, nor fear, nor sword, nor persecution for Christ's sake? For when he stood before the king of the Persians, it was not for the sake of rendering honor, but he offered himself as a gift to that king, by denying the true God and worshipping the fire.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"თთუესა ოკდონბერსა: ი^ზ : წამებაჲ წმიდისა შუშანიკისი","severity":"info","text":"The heading gives the date (October 17) and identifies the text as a martyrdom (წამებაჲ), establishing the hagiographic genre and liturgical use.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gh1","label":"source edition: Collectio textuum hagiographicorum, Vol. I","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/gh/gh1/gh1.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"პიტიახში","severity":"info","text":"Pitiakhshi is a Georgian title for a high-ranking official, equivalent to a viceroy or governor, borrowed from Iranian (bidaxš). It indicates Varsken's political status.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gh1","label":"source edition: Collectio textuum hagiographicorum, Vol. I","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/gh/gh1/gh1.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"სპარსთა მეფისასა","severity":"info","text":"The Persian king referred to is likely the Sasanian ruler, under whom Varsken served. The eighth year of his reign provides a chronological anchor, though the exact king is not named here.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gh1","label":"source edition: Collectio textuum hagiographicorum, Vol. I","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/gh/gh1/gh1.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"სომეხთა სპაჲპეტისაჲ","severity":"info","text":"Sparapet is the Armenian title for the supreme military commander. Vardan, Shushanik's father, is likely Vardan Mamikonian, a historical figure known for leading Armenian resistance against Sasanian religious pressure.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gh1","label":"source edition: Collectio textuum hagiographicorum, Vol. I","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/gh/gh1/gh1.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"მერვესა წელსა [მრ...]","severity":"caution","text":"The text after 'eighth year' is partially illegible or abbreviated ([მր...]), likely referring to the Persian king's reign. The exact reading is uncertain, affecting precise dating.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gh1","label":"source edition: Collectio textuum hagiographicorum, Vol. I","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/gh/gh1/gh1.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"წამებაჲ წმიდისა შუშანიკისი","severity":"info","text":"The Martyrdom of Shushanik is one of the earliest original works of Georgian hagiography, composed in the 5th–6th century. It reflects the Christian resistance to Zoroastrian pressure in Sasanian Georgia.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gh1","label":"source edition: Collectio textuum hagiographicorum, Vol. I","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/gh/gh1/gh1.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The exact Persian king and the year of his reign are not specified; the text has a lacuna after 'eighth year'.","The relationship between Varsken's conversion to Zoroastrianism and his political motives is implied but not fully explained."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":", რამეთუ ყოვლით კერძო-ვე თავი თჳსი ქრისტჱსგან განაგდო. ხოლო საწყალობელი ესე ცოლსა ითხოვდა სპარსთა მეფისაგან, რაჲთა-მცა სათნო ეყო მეფესა, და ესრეთ ეტყოდა, ვითარმედ: \"რომელი-იგი ბუნებითი ცოლი არს და შვილნი, იგინი-ცა ესრე-ვე მოვაქცინე შენსა შჯულსა, ვითარცა-ესე მე\". ამას უქადებდა, რომელ-იგი არა აქუნდა ჴელთა შუშანიკისგან. მაშინ განიხარა მეფემან და ბრძანა ცოლად მისა ასული მეფისაჲ.","english":", for he had completely abandoned his own self from Christ. But this wretched man sought a wife from the king of the Persians, so that he might please the king, and he spoke thus: \"That which is my natural wife and children, I have turned them to your law just as I myself.\" He said this because he had no power over Shushanik. Then the king rejoiced and commanded that the king's daughter be given to him as a wife.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"რამეთუ ყოვლით კერძო-ვე თავი თჳსი ქრისტჱსგან განაგდო","severity":"info","text":"The Georgian phrase 'for he had completely abandoned his own self from Christ' intensifies the English draft's 'abandoned his own self' by adding 'completely' (ყოვლით კერძო-ვე), underscoring Varsken's total apostasy.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gh1","label":"source edition: Collectio textuum hagiographicorum, Vol. I","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/gh/gh1/gh1.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"glossary","lemma":"საწყალობელი","severity":"info","text":"The term 'wretched man' (საწყალობელი) is a moral descriptor in hagiography, marking Varsken as pitiable due to his apostasy, not merely unfortunate.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gh1","label":"source edition: Collectio textuum hagiographicorum, Vol. I","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/gh/gh1/gh1.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"background","lemma":"Varsken Pitiaxshi","severity":"info","text":"Varsken Pitiaxshi, a historical Georgian noble, converted to Zoroastrianism to gain Persian favor; his persecution of Shushanik is a key episode in Georgian hagiography.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gh1","label":"source edition: Collectio textuum hagiographicorum, Vol. I","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/gh/gh1/gh1.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ამას უქადებდა, რომელ-იგი არა აქუნდა ჴელთა შუშანიკისგან","severity":"info","text":"The narrator's aside ('He said this because he had no power over Shushanik') breaks the direct speech to clarify Varsken's motive, a common hagiographic technique to guide reader sympathy.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gh1","label":"source edition: Collectio textuum hagiographicorum, Vol. I","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/gh/gh1/gh1.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"text","lemma":"მაშინ განიხარა მეფემან","severity":"info","text":"The king's immediate joy ('Then the king rejoiced') marks a narrative pivot: Varsken's offer of his family to Zoroastrianism secures the Persian king's approval, setting up Shushanik's martyrdom.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gh1","label":"source edition: Collectio textuum hagiographicorum, Vol. I","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/gh/gh1/gh1.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ასული მეფისაჲ","severity":"caution","text":"The phrase 'the king's daughter' (ასული მეფისაჲ) is ambiguous: it may refer to a daughter of the Persian king or a royal relative; the text does not specify her name or fate.","cites":[{"key":"ed:gh1","label":"source edition: Collectio textuum hagiographicorum, Vol. I","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/cauc/ageo/gh/gh1/gh1.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The identity of 'the king's daughter' given to Varsken is unspecified; she may be a Persian princess or a lesser royal relative.","The phrase 'natural wife and children' (ბუნებითი ცოლი არს და შვილნი) could imply Varsken's first wife (Shushanik) and their children, but the text does not clarify if children are present."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}