{"slug":"ecclp","id":"georgian:titus:ecclp","title":"Ecclesiastes (Petritson version)","author":"Anonymous","genre":"other","date":"","tradition":"georgian","coverage":"not-located","coverage_claim":{"status":"not-located","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},"publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-15T00:59:31Z","cost_usd":0.001474},"source":{"registry_id":"georgian:titus:ecclp","work_id":"ecclp","edition":"titus","language":"","license":"This text is part of the TITUS edition of Ecclesiastes (Petritson version). Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 21.11.2023. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder.","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gelati/ecclpet/ecclp.htm"},"stats":{"passages":2,"english_words":352,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":11,"commentary_kinds":6,"derived_notes":1,"ambiguities":3,"work_notes":5,"external_links":1,"timeline":5},"summary":{"work":"ecclp","abstract":"The Petritson version of Ecclesiastes is a Georgian translation preserved in a single manuscript, likely produced at the Petritson monastery (modern Petriconi, Bulgaria) during the 11th–12th centuries. Associated with the circle of the philosopher Ioane Petritsi, the translation was made from Greek and used in Georgian Orthodox liturgy, as indicated by its inclusion in lectionary manuscripts. The text is known for its literary refinements and occasional expansions, such as cosmological glosses and scribal additions not present in the Hebrew or Greek source. Its survival in a unique witness limits textual criticism, and the translator's identity and exact date remain uncertain.","historical_context":"The Petritson monastery, founded by Georgian monks in the 11th century in Byzantine territory (present-day Bulgaria), became a major center of Georgian translation and scholarship under the direction of Ioane Petritsi, a Neoplatonist philosopher. The translation of Ecclesiastes into Georgian was part of a broader effort to render biblical and patristic texts from Greek into Georgian for liturgical and monastic use. The version reflects the theological and literary concerns of the Gelati school, known for its refined style. The single surviving manuscript (Titus ed.) provides the only witness to this textual tradition, and no colophon or contemporary record confirms the translator or precise date. The version was used in Georgian lectionaries, indicating its liturgical function, though details of its use are not fully documented.","significance":"The Petritson Ecclesiastes is a key witness to Georgian biblical translation and the intellectual activity of the Petritson monastery. Its expansions and glosses offer insight into how the text was interpreted in a Georgian monastic context, and its association with Ioane Petritsi links it to broader currents of Byzantine and Georgian philosophy. The version's survival in a single manuscript highlights the fragility of such traditions and the need for careful textual study.","timeline":[{"date":"11th c.","event":"Foundation of Petritson monastery by Georgian monks."},{"date":"11th–12th c.","event":"Probable translation of Ecclesiastes into Georgian at Petritson."},{"date":"12th c.","event":"Activity of Ioane Petritsi, associated with the translation circle."},{"date":"Medieval period","event":"Use of the Petritson Ecclesiastes in Georgian lectionaries."},{"date":"Modern era","event":"Edition of the single surviving manuscript (Titus ed.)."}],"relations":[{"work":"Septuagint Ecclesiastes","relation":"Source text for the Petritson translation","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Georgian Gelati school translations","relation":"Part of same translation movement","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Ioane Petritsi's philosophical works","relation":"Associated with the same monastic circle","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Georgian lectionary manuscripts","relation":"Contain this version for liturgical use","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[{"key":"ed:ecclp","label":"Titus edition of Petritson Ecclesiastes","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gelati/ecclpet/ecclp.htm","reason":"Primary edition of the manuscript"}],"cautions":["The translator's identity and exact date are uncertain; attribution to Ioane Petritsi's circle is traditional.","The version survives in a single manuscript, limiting textual criticism.","The exact liturgical function is not fully documented."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000395,"generated":"2026-11-15T00:16:10Z"},"checks":{"work":"ecclp","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":2,"translated":2,"commentary_passages":2,"commentary_units":11,"english_words":352,"source_letters":1490,"commentary_kinds":6},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Petritson version of Ecclesiastes is preserved in a single Georgian manuscript (Titus ed.), reflecting a translation from Greek likely made at the Petritson monastery in the 11th–12th centuries.","cites":[{"key":"ed:ecclp","label":"source edition: Ecclesiastes (Petritson version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gelati/ecclpet/ecclp.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The translation is attributed to the Georgian monastic circle at Petritson (now Petriconi, Bulgaria), active under the direction of Ioane Petritsi, but the exact date and translator remain uncertain.","cites":[{"key":"ed:ecclp","label":"source edition: Ecclesiastes (Petritson version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gelati/ecclpet/ecclp.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This Georgian version was used in the liturgy of the Georgian Orthodox Church, as evidenced by its inclusion in lectionary manuscripts, though its exact liturgical function is not fully documented.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990010188200203941","label":"Korte redenen over 't vyfde en sesde capittelen Jobs","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990010188200203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The edition relies on a single manuscript source; variant readings from other Georgian witnesses are not available, so textual criticism of the Petritson tradition is limited.","cites":[{"key":"ed:ecclp","label":"source edition: Ecclesiastes (Petritson version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gelati/ecclpet/ecclp.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The attribution to Petritsi’s circle is traditional; no colophon or external contemporary record confirms the translator’s identity or the exact date of the version.","cites":[{"key":"ed:ecclp","label":"source edition: Ecclesiastes (Petritson version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gelati/ecclpet/ecclp.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"coverage","severity":"info","text":"No English translation was located by an automated check of the source corpus and one library catalogue. That is not evidence that none exists: the check matches English title words, so works catalogued under a Latin or original-language title are missed."},{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: other in Old Georgian; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 2 narrative."},{"kind":"caution","severity":"caution","text":"1 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: titus — This text is part of the TITUS edition of Ecclesiastes (Petritson version). Copyright TITUS Project, Frankfurt a/M, 21.11.2023. No parts of this document may be republished in any form without prior permission by the copyright holder."}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":2},"term_index":[],"citations":{"ed:ecclp":{"label":"source edition: Ecclesiastes (Petritson version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gelati/ecclpet/ecclp.htm"},"hollis:alma990010188200203941":{"label":"Korte redenen over 't vyfde en sesde capittelen Jobs","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990010188200203941"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"პეტრიწონული რედაქცია Ms: A-61, 1-302\n\nსიტყუანი ეკლესიასტესნი. ძისა დავითისნი. მეფისა ისრაელისანი [იერუსალიმს ზედა]. ამაოებაჲ ამაოთაჲ. თქუა ეკლესიასტე. ამაოებაჲ ამაოთაჲ. ყოველნივე ამაოჲ. რაჲ უმეტესობა კაცისა ყოველსა შინა შრომასა მისსა. რომელსა შურების მზესა ამას ქუეშე:. ნათესავი წარვალს და ნათესავი მოვალს. და ქუეყანაჲ ჰგიეს უკუნისამდე:. აღმოჰჴდების მზე და დაჰჴდების მზე. და ადგილად თჳსად მიიზიდავს. აღმოჰჴდების იგი მუნ. მივალს სამხრით-კერძო და გარემოჰვლის ჩრდილოჲთ-კერძო. გარემოჲს გარემოვლით ვალს სული და გარემოჲს მისსა გარემოიქცევის სული:. ყოველნი ღუარნი შესდიან ზღუასა და ზღუაჲ არა არს აღვსებულ. ადგილსა. რომელსა ღუარნი მივლენ. მუნ იგინი მიიქცევიან მისლვად. ყოველნი სიტყუანი შრომით. ვერ შემძლებელ არს მამაკაცი თქუმად: და არა აღივსების თუალი ხედვითა. და არა სავსე იქმნების ყური სმენისა-გან:. რაჲ ქმნადი ქმნილი იგი და რაჲ ყოფადი მყოფი იგი. და არა არს ყოველივე ახალ მზესა ქუეშე: ვითარმცა თქუა და იზრახა: აჰა ესე ახალ არს. აჰა ეგერა ქმნილ არს საუკუნეთა შინა ქმნილთა წინაჲსწარ [ჩუენსა]: არა არს ჴსენებაჲ პირველთაჲ და უკუანაჲსკნელად ქმნილთაჲ. არა არს მათდა ჴსენებაჲ ქმნადთა თანა უკუანაჲსკნელ:. მე ეკლესიასტე მეფე ვიყავ ისრაელისაჲ იერუსალიმს შინა.","english":"The words of Ecclesiastes, son of David, king of Israel [over Jerusalem]. Vanity of vanities, said Ecclesiastes. Vanity of vanities; all is vanity. What advantage has a man in all his labor, which he envies under this sun? A generation passes away and a generation comes, and the earth endures forever. The sun rises and the sun sets, and draws to its own place. It rises there; it goes toward the south and turns around toward the north. The wind goes around its circuit, and the wind turns about its circuit. All rivers flow into the sea, and the sea is not filled. The place where the rivers go—there they turn back to go again. All words are with labor; a man is not able to speak; the eye is not filled with seeing, and the ear is not sated from hearing. That which was made and that which was to be, the maker, and there is nothing new under the sun. As if one were to say and think: Behold, this is new; behold, this was made in the ages among things made before [us]. There is no remembrance of the former, nor of those made afterward. There is no remembrance of them with the things made afterward. I, Ecclesiastes, was king of Israel in Jerusalem.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ამაოებაჲ ამაოთაჲ","severity":"info","text":"The Georgian phrase 'amāobay amāotay' renders the Hebrew 'hevel havalim' (vanity of vanities), a key thematic refrain in Ecclesiastes. The Petritson version preserves this as a direct calque.","cites":[{"key":"ed:ecclp","label":"source edition: Ecclesiastes (Petritson version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gelati/ecclpet/ecclp.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"აღმოჰჴდების მზე და დაჰჴდების მზე","severity":"info","text":"This passage echoes Ecclesiastes 1:5, where the sun rises and sets, but the Georgian text expands with a description of the sun's circuit, reflecting a cosmological gloss not present in the Hebrew or Greek.","cites":[{"key":"ed:ecclp","label":"source edition: Ecclesiastes (Petritson version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gelati/ecclpet/ecclp.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"პეტრიწონული რედაქცია","severity":"info","text":"The Petritson redaction (11th–12th c.) is a Georgian translation of Ecclesiastes associated with the Gelati school, known for its literary and theological refinements. The manuscript A-61 is a key witness.","cites":[{"key":"ed:ecclp","label":"source edition: Ecclesiastes (Petritson version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gelati/ecclpet/ecclp.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The passage opens with a superscription identifying the speaker as Ecclesiastes, son of David, king of Israel in Jerusalem, then moves to a series of proverbial observations on transience, natural cycles, and human limitation.","cites":[{"key":"ed:ecclp","label":"source edition: Ecclesiastes (Petritson version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gelati/ecclpet/ecclp.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"ყოველნი ღუარნი შესდიან ზღუასა","severity":"info","text":"The image of all rivers flowing into the sea without filling it parallels Ecclesiastes 1:7 and is a common wisdom motif, also found in Sirach and later monastic literature.","cites":[{"key":"ed:ecclp","label":"source edition: Ecclesiastes (Petritson version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gelati/ecclpet/ecclp.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ჩუენსა","severity":"caution","text":"The Georgian text includes 'before us' (ჩუენსა) in a phrase about things made in ages past, which is not present in the Hebrew or Greek. This may be a scribal gloss or a translation addition.","cites":[{"key":"ed:ecclp","label":"source edition: Ecclesiastes (Petritson version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gelati/ecclpet/ecclp.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'before us' (ჩუენსა) is ambiguous: it may be a gloss by the translator or a corruption in the manuscript tradition."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"და მივეც გული ჩემი გამოძიებად და განხილვად სიბრძნით ყოველთა-თჳს ქმნილთა ცასა ქუეშე. რ̃ მიმოტაცებაჲ ბოროტი მოსცა ღმერთმან ძეთა კაცთასა მიმოტაცებად მას შინა. ვიხილენ თანად ყოველნი ქმნილნი ნაქმარნი მზესა ქუეშე. და აჰა ყოველნი ამაოება და აღრჩევა სულისა:. გარდაქცეული არა შესაძლებელ არს შემკობად. და ნაკლული არა შესაძლებელ არს აღრიცხუვად:. ვთქუ გულსა შინა ჩემსა თქუმაჲ: აჰა მე განვდიდენ. და შევძინე სიბრძნე ყოველსა ზედა. რ̃ნი იყვნეს უწინარეს ჩემსა იერუსალიმს შინა:. და გულმან ჩემმან იხილა მრავალი სიბრძნე და მეცნიერებაჲ. იგავნი და ჴელოვნებაჲ. და ვცნენ მე ვ̃დ და ესეცა აღრჩევა სულისა:. რ̃ სიმრავლესა შინა სიბრძნისასა სიმრავლე მეცნიერებისაჲ. და რომელმან შეიძინა მეცნიერებაჲ. შეიძინა ლმობაჲ:","english":"And I set my heart to investigate and to examine with wisdom all things created under heaven. What a wicked delusion God has given to the sons of men, to be deluded therein. I saw together all the works created under the sun. And behold, all is vanity and a chasing of the spirit. What is changed cannot be adorned, and what is lacking cannot be counted. I said in my heart: Behold, I will magnify myself, and I added wisdom to everything. Those who were before me in Jerusalem. And my heart saw much wisdom and knowledge, parables and art. And I knew that I too am, and this also is a chasing of the spirit. In the abundance of wisdom there is an abundance of knowledge. And he who acquired knowledge acquired envy.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"აღრჩევა სულისა","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'a chasing of the spirit' (აღრჩევა სულისა) is a distinctive rendering of the Hebrew hebel (vanity) in the Petritson version, emphasizing futility as an active pursuit rather than mere emptiness.","cites":[{"key":"ed:ecclp","label":"source edition: Ecclesiastes (Petritson version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gelati/ecclpet/ecclp.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"scripture","kind":"scripture","basis":"text","lemma":"Ecclesiastes 1:13-18 (LXX)","severity":"info","text":"This passage corresponds to Ecclesiastes 1:13-18 in the Septuagint, where the speaker reflects on the vanity of human endeavors and the limitations of wisdom. The Georgian text closely follows the Greek order.","cites":[{"key":"ed:ecclp","label":"source edition: Ecclesiastes (Petritson version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gelati/ecclpet/ecclp.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"background","kind":"background","basis":"text","lemma":"Petritson version","severity":"info","text":"The Petritson version of Ecclesiastes is a medieval Georgian translation attributed to the Gelati school, known for its philosophical and literary sophistication. It often expands or paraphrases the Greek source.","cites":[{"key":"ed:ecclp","label":"source edition: Ecclesiastes (Petritson version)","url":"https://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcg/cauc/ageo/gelati/ecclpet/ecclp.htm"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"narrative","severity":"info","text":"The passage shifts from first-person reflection ('I set my heart') to a general observation ('all is vanity'), then returns to personal experience ('I said in my heart'), creating a chiastic pattern of introspection and universal statement.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"parallel","kind":"parallel","basis":"text","lemma":"Wisdom literature","severity":"info","text":"The theme of wisdom leading to envy ('he who acquired knowledge acquired envy') parallels Proverbs and Sirach, where knowledge is both a gift and a source of social tension.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The phrase 'what is changed cannot be adorned' (გარდაქცეული არა შესაძლებელ არს შემკობად) is obscure; it may refer to the impossibility of improving what is already transient.","The reference to 'those who were before me in Jerusalem' is ambiguous—possibly a gloss on the historical predecessors of the speaker, or a textual corruption."],"confidence":"high","notes":[]}]}