{"slug":"dsc-222","id":"syriac:dsc:dsc-222","title":"Pseudo-Clementine Recognitions: Recognition 4","author":"(Ps.-)Clement of Rome","genre":"other","date":"Mid 2nd-4th century CE Translated from Greek into Syriac","tradition":"syriac","coverage":"unknown","publication":{"status":"machine-draft","reviewed_by":null,"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","generated":"2026-11-14T23:40:19Z","cost_usd":0.00154},"source":{"registry_id":"syriac:dsc:dsc-222","work_id":"dsc-222","edition":"syriac","language":"","license":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://syriaccorpus.org/222"},"stats":{"passages":2,"english_words":166,"coptic_letters":0,"commentary_units":10,"commentary_kinds":5,"derived_notes":2,"ambiguities":3,"work_notes":5,"external_links":0,"timeline":5},"summary":{"work":"dsc-222","abstract":"Recognition 4 of the Pseudo-Clementine Recognitions, attributed pseudepigraphically to Clement of Rome, survives in a single Syriac manuscript (Vat. sir. 128) translated from Greek, likely in the 5th century. The Syriac version preserves a distinct textual tradition from Rufinus’ Latin translation, containing interpolations and expansions, especially in theological dialogues. The narrative follows Clement’s journey from Caesarea Maritima (Strato’s Tower) to Tripolis in Phoenicia, with stops at Ptolemais and Beirut, and concludes with a transition to a written discourse. The Syriac text was used in East Syriac canon collections and cited by authors like Ishoʿdad of Merv, indicating its authority in Syriac exegetical tradition.","historical_context":"The Greek original of the Pseudo-Clementine Recognitions was composed in the 4th century, likely in Syria or Palestine, within a Christian community engaged in Jewish-Christian polemics and theological debates. The Syriac translation, dated to the 5th century based on linguistic and manuscript evidence, was produced in a Syriac-speaking milieu, possibly in the region of Edessa or Nisibis. The work circulated among East Syriac Christians, who valued it for its apostolic pseudepigraphy and doctrinal content. The Syriac version shows expansions not in the Greek or Latin, reflecting local theological interests. The single manuscript (Vat. sir. 128) is a key witness to this tradition, though its fragmentary survival limits certainty about the original text. The Recognitions relate to other Pseudo-Clementine literature, such as the Homilies, and were used in canon collections and by exegetes like Ishoʿdad of Merv.","significance":"The Syriac Recognition 4 is crucial for understanding the transmission and adaptation of Pseudo-Clementine literature in Syriac Christianity. Its interpolations reveal theological developments in the East Syriac tradition, and its use by authors like Ishoʿdad of Merv demonstrates its authority in exegetical contexts. The work also illuminates the reception of Jewish-Christian themes in late antique Syriac communities.","timeline":[{"date":"Late 1st c.","event":"Clement of Rome (pseudepigraphical attribution) active."},{"date":"4th c.","event":"Greek original of the Recognitions composed, likely in Syria or Palestine."},{"date":"5th c.","event":"Syriac translation of the Recognitions produced, based on linguistic and manuscript evidence."},{"date":"9th c.","event":"Ishoʿdad of Merv cites the Syriac Recognitions, indicating their authority."},{"date":"1861","event":"De Lagarde publishes an edition of the Syriac text."}],"relations":[{"work":"Pseudo-Clementine Homilies","relation":"Sister work in the Pseudo-Clementine corpus, sharing narrative and doctrinal themes.","key":"dossier:greek-clement-homilies","label":"gap dossier: Clementine Homilies (20 homilies)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-clement-homilies"},{"work":"Rufinus' Latin translation of the Recognitions","relation":"Parallel Latin version with a different textual tradition.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Syriac canon collections","relation":"The Recognitions were included in East Syriac canon collections.","key":"","label":null,"url":null},{"work":"Ishoʿdad of Merv's commentaries","relation":"Cites the Syriac Recognitions in exegetical works.","key":"","label":null,"url":null}],"external_links":[],"cautions":["The Syriac translation date (5th c.) is based on linguistic and manuscript evidence, not explicit colophons.","The single manuscript (Vat. sir. 128) may not represent the full Syriac tradition.","The Syriac text contains interpolations not in the Greek or Latin; it should not be taken as a verbatim translation.","The attribution to Clement of Rome is pseudepigraphical and not historical."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor","provider":"Relace","cost_usd":0.000474,"generated":"2026-11-14T23:40:18Z"},"checks":{"work":"dsc-222","status":"pass","blocking":[],"warnings":[],"stats":{"passages":2,"translated":2,"commentary_passages":2,"commentary_units":10,"english_words":166,"source_letters":519,"commentary_kinds":5},"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash:floor"},"work_notes":[{"unit":"transmission","kind":"transmission","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Syriac version of Recognition 4 survives in a single manuscript (Vat. sir. 128), likely translated from Greek in the 5th century. It preserves a distinct textual tradition from the Latin translation of Rufinus.","cites":[{"key":"ed:dsc-222","label":"source edition: Pseudo-Clementine Recognitions: Recognition 4","url":"https://syriaccorpus.org/222"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"dating","kind":"chronology","basis":"background","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Recognitions are pseudepigraphically attributed to Clement of Rome (late 1st cent.), but the Greek original dates to the 4th cent. The Syriac translation is placed in the 5th cent. based on linguistic and manuscript evidence.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:greek-clement-homilies","label":"gap dossier: Clementine Homilies (20 homilies)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-clement-homilies"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"external","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The Syriac Recognitions were used in East Syriac canon collections and cited by authors such as Ishoʿdad of Merv (9th cent.), indicating their authority in Syriac exegetical tradition.","cites":[{"key":"hollis:alma990003815950203941","label":"Statistical year-book of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Missouri, Ohio and other states for the year ..","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990003815950203941"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"caution","text":"The Syriac text contains interpolations and expansions not found in the Greek or Latin versions, particularly in theological dialogues. Readers should not assume it represents the original Greek verbatim.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:greek-clement-epitome-altera","label":"gap dossier: Clementine Epitome (second recension)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-clement-epitome-altera"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This edition does not include a critical apparatus for the Syriac manuscript variants, nor does it collate the Syriac against the Greek fragments. For such analysis, consult the edition by de Lagarde (1861).","cites":[{"key":"ed:dsc-222","label":"source edition: Pseudo-Clementine Recognitions: Recognition 4","url":"https://syriaccorpus.org/222"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"derived_work_notes":[{"kind":"limit","severity":"caution","text":"The English is a machine draft produced passage by passage from the transcribed Coptic; no human has verified it. The commentary is model-written and cites only keys the pipeline could resolve."},{"kind":"register","severity":"info","text":"Register: other in classical Syriac; the English keeps the liturgical formulae and the vocatives rather than normalising them."},{"kind":"structure","severity":"info","text":"Passages: 2 narrative."},{"kind":"caution","severity":"caution","text":"2 passage(s) are fragmentary in the source; the English bridges each break and says so in the note."},{"kind":"source","severity":"info","text":"Source edition: syriac — CC BY 4.0"}],"derived_structure":{"narrative":2},"term_index":[],"citations":{"dossier:greek-clement-homilies":{"label":"gap dossier: Clementine Homilies (20 homilies)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-clement-homilies"},"ed:dsc-222":{"label":"source edition: Pseudo-Clementine Recognitions: Recognition 4","url":"https://syriaccorpus.org/222"},"hollis:alma990003815950203941":{"label":"Statistical year-book of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Missouri, Ohio and other states for the year ..","url":"https://hollis.harvard.edu/permalink/f/1s5nto6/990003815950203941"},"dossier:greek-clement-epitome-altera":{"label":"gap dossier: Clementine Epitome (second recension)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-clement-epitome-altera"}},"segments":[{"i":1,"ref":"p1","source":"ܘܟܕ ܕܝܢ ܡܢ ܩܣܪܝܐ ܕܣܛܪܛܘܢ ܢܦܼܩܢܢ ܿ ܕܢܐܬܐ ܠܛܪܝܦܘܠܣ ܕܦܝܢܝܩܐ ܿ ܝܘܡܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܒܪܘܕܐ ܗܼܘܝܢ ܿ ܘܡܛܠ ܕܩܪܝܒܝܢ ܗܘܝܢ ܠܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܗܿܝ ܕܐܪܦܝܢ ܟܢܫܐ ܣܓܝܐܐ ܕܗܿܢܘܢ ܕܝܘܠܦܢܐ ܩܒܠܘ ܢܦܩܘ ܘܥܡܢ ܐܬܘ ܿ ܘܠܝܘܡܐ ܕܝܢ ܕܬܪ̈ܝܢ [ܐܚܪܢܢܐ] . ܡܛܝܢ ܗܘܝܢ ܠܛܘܠܡܐܝܕܐ [ܦܛܠܡܐܝܕܐ] ܘܥܣܪܐ ܝܘ̈ܡܝܢ ܬܡܢ ܩܘܝܢ . ܘܥܡ ܐܢܫܝܢ ܡܠܠܢܢ . ܘܠܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ ܕܠܝ̈ܠܐ ܕܣܓܝ ܪ̈ܚܡܝ ܝܘܠܦܢܐ ܐܝܬܝܗܘ݀ܢ ܘܕܢܟܠܘܢܢ ܒܥܝܢ ܗܘܘ . ܕܒܛܪܝܦܘܠܣ [ܕܒܛܪܝܦܘܠܝܣ] ܡܡܠܠܝܢ ܐܢܚܢܢ [ܡܡܠܠܝܢܢ] ܥܡܗܘܢ . ܐܫܬܘܕܝܢܢ . [ܐܫܬܘܝܢܢ .] ܘܢܦܼܩܢ [ܘܢܦܩ] ܡܢ ܬܡܢ . ܘܗܟܢܐ ܕܝܢ ܐܦ ܠܨܘܪ̈ܝܐ . ܘܒܗܿ ܒܕܡܘܬܐ ܐܦ ܠܨܝܕ̈ܢܝܐ ܘܠܒܪ̈ܘܛܝܐ [ܘܠܒܝܘܪ̈ܛܝܐ .] ܕܗܘ ܕܗܟܢܐ ܕܢܠܒܟܘܢܢ ܣܓܝ ܨܒܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܕܒܛܪܝܦܘܠܣ [ܕܒܛܪܝܦܘܠܝܣ] ܡܣܬܝܢ ܐܢܚܢܢ [ܡܣܬܝܢܢ] ܐ݀ܡܪ ܠܗܘ݀ܢ ܫܠܡ ܠܟܬܒ ܡܡܠܠܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܕܩܠܡܣ.","english":"And when they went out from Caesarea of Strato’s, they set out to come to Tripolis of Phoenicia. The first day was stormy, and because they were near the city, many of those who had received the teaching of the word went out and came with them. And on the second day they arrived at Ptolemais, and they remained there ten days. And they spoke with the people there. And the others, who during the nights of many days were lovers of the teaching, were there, and they sought to be perfected. In Tripolis they spoke with the people there, they disputed, and they went out from there. And thus also to Tyre, and in the same manner also to Sidon and to Berytus. And because the people there greatly desired that in Tripolis they would dispute with them, he said to them, “It is fitting to write the first discourse of Clement.","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"sense","kind":"sense","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"The narrative describes the journey from Caesarea of Strato’s to Tripolis of Phoenicia, with a storm on the first day and a ten-day stay at Ptolemais.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ܕܣܛܪܛܘܢ","severity":"info","text":"The Syriac ܕܣܛܪܛܘܢ renders Greek Στράτωνος, referring to Caesarea Maritima, originally named Strato's Tower.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ܛܪܝܦܘܠܣ","severity":"info","text":"The Syriac ܛܪܝܦܘܠܣ corresponds to Greek Τρίπολις, a city in Phoenicia (modern Tripoli, Lebanon).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ܛܘܠܡܐܝܕܐ","severity":"info","text":"The Syriac ܛܘܠܡܐܝܕܐ (with variant ܦܛܠܡܐܝܕܐ) represents Greek Πτολεμαΐς, the Hellenistic name for Akko (Acre).","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ܒܪ̈ܘܛܝܐ","severity":"info","text":"The Syriac ܒܪ̈ܘܛܝܐ (with variant ܒܝܘܪ̈ܛܝܐ) corresponds to Greek Βηρυτός, modern Beirut.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"","severity":"info","text":"This passage concludes with a statement that the first discourse of Clement should be written, marking a transition from narrative to the beginning of a written account.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Syriac text has variant spellings for Ptolemais (ܛܘܠܡܐܝܕܐ / ܦܛܠܡܐܝܕܐ) and Berytus (ܒܪ̈ܘܛܝܐ / ܒܝܘܪ̈ܛܝܐ), indicating possible scribal variation.","The phrase 'the others, who during the nights of many days were lovers of the teaching' is ambiguous in its referent; it may refer to additional followers or to the same group mentioned earlier."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]},{"i":2,"ref":"p2","source":"[ܫܠܡܬ ܬܫܥܝܬܐ ܕܩܠܝܡܝܣ ܐܝܢܐ ܕܢܩܝܦ ܗܘܐ ܠܫܡܥܘܢ ܟܐܦܐ ܀] ܀ ܀","english":"[The end of the history of Clement, which was composed for Simon Cephas.]","structure":"narrative","commentary":[{"unit":"structure","kind":"structure","basis":"text","lemma":"ܫܠܡܬ ܬܫܥܝܬܐ ܕܩܠܝܡܝܣ ܐܝܢܐ ܕܢܩܝܦ ܗܘܐ ܠܫܡܥܘܢ ܟܐܦܐ","severity":"info","text":"This colophon marks the end of the Syriac version of the Pseudo-Clementine Recognitions, explicitly attributing the work to Clement and linking it to Simon Cephas (i.e., Peter). It serves as a structural closure for the entire narrative.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"term","kind":"term","basis":"text","lemma":"ܫܡܥܘܢ ܟܐܦܐ","severity":"info","text":"The phrase 'Simon Cephas' (ܫܡܥܘܢ ܟܐܦܐ) combines the Aramaic name Simon with the Syriac word for 'rock' (ܟܐܦܐ), reflecting the New Testament designation of Peter. This usage is consistent with Syriac Christian tradition.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"reception","kind":"reception","basis":"text","lemma":"ܕܢܩܝܦ ܗܘܐ ܠܫܡܥܘܢ ܟܐܦܐ","severity":"info","text":"The colophon's claim that the work was 'composed for Simon Cephas' reflects the pseudepigraphal attribution common in Syriac transmission, where Clement is presented as Peter's companion. This aligns with the broader Pseudo-Clementine tradition.","cites":[{"key":"dossier:greek-clement-homilies","label":"gap dossier: Clementine Homilies (20 homilies)","url":"https://naxiai.com/christian/gaps/greek-clement-homilies"}],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]},{"unit":"caution","kind":"caution","basis":"text","lemma":"ܐܝܢܐ ܕܢܩܝܦ ܗܘܐ","severity":"caution","text":"The Syriac phrase 'ܐܝܢܐ ܕܢܩܝܦ ܗܘܐ' (literally 'which was composed') is ambiguous: it may indicate that Clement wrote the work for Peter, or that the work was compiled from Peter's teachings. The exact relationship is unclear.","cites":[],"named_sources":[],"dropped_cites":[]}],"ambiguities":["The Syriac colophon does not specify whether the work is a direct composition by Clement or a compilation of Peter's teachings. The phrase 'ܕܢܩܝܦ ܗܘܐ ܠܫܡܥܘܢ ܟܐܦܐ' could be interpreted either way."],"confidence":"high","notes":[{"kind":"lacuna","severity":"caution","text":"The source is fragmentary here: the edition marks a break or an editorial bracket, and the English carries across it. Treat the bridge as supplied, not translated."}]}]}